TELEDYNE/ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS (API) MODELS · PDF filesanta barbara county air...

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

FOR

TELEDYNE/ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS (API) MODELS 100E and T100 SULFUR DIOXIDE ANALYZER

August 2017

SBCAPCD SOP Teledyne API 100E/T100 Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer

First Revision, August 2017

1

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Approval of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) TELEDYNE/ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS (API)

MODELS 100E and T100 SULFUR DIOXIDE ANALYZER



2

TABLE OF CONTENTS Teledyne/Advanced Pollution Instruments

Model 100E and T100 Sulfur Dioxide Analyzers Pages(s) Date 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION 3-7 08/17

1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Principal of Operation 3 1.3 TAPI 100E and T100 analyzer comparison 5 1.4 Interferences 5 1.5 Personnel Qualifications 5 1.6 Equipment and Supplies 5 1.7 Safety Precautions 7

2.0 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 8-11 08/17 2.1 General Information 8 2.2 Physical Inspection 8 2.3 Instrument Siting 8 2.4 Analog Analyzer Connections 8 2.5 Ethernet Modbus Connections and Settings 9 2.6 Operation Verification 9 2.7 Acceptance Testing 10

3.0 CONFIGURATION 12-14 08/17 3.1 Instrument Configuration 12 3.2 Analog Data Logger Configuration 14 3.3 Modbus Station Data Logger Configuration 14 3.4 Data Management 14

4.0 CALIBRATION INFORMATION 15-16 08/17 4.1 Calibration Introduction 15 4.2 Calibration Overview 16 4.3 Calibration Apparatus 16

5.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES 17-20 08/17 5.1 Calibration at Altitude 18 5.2 As Is Calibration 18 5.3 Final Calibration 19

6.0 ROUTINE SERVICE CHECKS 21-22 08/17 6.1 General Information 21 6.2 Daily (or Each Visit) Checks 22 6.3 Weekly Checks 22 6.4 Monthly Checks 22 6.5 As Required Checks 22

7.0 MAINTENANCE AND PROCEDURES 23 08/17 7.1 General Information 23

8.0 TROUBLESHOOTING 24 08/17 8.1 General Information 24

9.0 QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE 25 08/17 10.0 REFERENCES 26

Appendix A – Example Calibration Form 27



3

1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes procedures used by the Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District (SBCAPCD) to operate the Teledyne/Advanced Pollution Instruments (TAPI) Model 100E Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer (100E) as well as the Teledyne/Advanced Pollution Instruments (TAPI) Model T100 Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer (T100) to measure Sulfur Dioxide levels in ambient air. These two instruments will be collectively referred to as “the instrument” unless otherwise required. This procedure is designed to supplement the instruction manual by describing hardware or operating procedures as implemented by the SBCAPCD for monitoring of Sulfur Dioxide in the District’s ambient air monitoring network. It is not the intent of this SOP to duplicate or replace the instruction manual. 1.2 Principle of Operation The principle upon which the instrument measurement method is based is the fluorescence that occurs when sulfur dioxide (SO2) is excited by ultraviolet light with wavelengths in the range of 190 nm-230 nm. This reaction is a two-step process. The first stage (Equation 1) occurs when SO2 molecules are struck by photons of the appropriate ultraviolet wavelength. A band pass filter between the source of the UV light and the affected gas limits the wavelength of the light to approximately 214 nm. The SO2 molecules absorbs some of energy from the UV light causing one of the electrons of each of the affected molecules to move to a higher energy orbital state.

SO2 + hv214nm Ia SO2* Equation 1

The amount SO2 converted to excited SO2* in the sample chamber is dependent on the average intensity of the UV light (Ia) and not its peak intensity because the intensity of UV light is not constant in every part of the sample chamber. Some of the photons are absorbed by the SO2 as the light travels through the sample gas. The equation for defining the average intensity of the UV light (Ia) is:

Ia=Io[1-exp(-ax(SO2))] Equation 2

Where: Io= Intensity of the excitation UV light. a= The absortion coefficient of SO2 (a constant). SO2= Concentration of SO2 in the sample chamber.

X= The distance between the UV source and the SO2 molecule(s) being affected (path length).



4

The second stage of this reaction occurs after the SO2 reaches its excited state (SO2*). Because the system will seek the lowest available stable energy state, the SO2* molecule quickly returns to its ground state (Equation 3) by giving off the excess energy in the form of a photon (hv). The wavelength of this fluoresced light is also in the ultraviolet band but at a longer (lower energy) wavelength centered at 330nm.

SO2* SO2+hv330nm Equation 3

The amount of datable UV given off by the decay of the SO2* is affected by the rate at which this reaction occurs (k).

F=k(SO2*) Equation 4

Where: F =the amount of fluorescent light given off. K =The rate at which the SO2* decays into SO2 SO2* =Amount of excited SO2 in the sample chamber. So:

K(SO2*) SO2+hv330nm Equation 5

Finally, the function (k) is affected by the temperature of the gas. The warmer the gas, the faster the individual molecules decay back into their ground state and the more photons of UV light are given off per unit of time. In summary, given that the absorption rate of SO2 (a) is constant, the amount of fluorescence (F) is a result of:

• The amount of exited SO2* created which is affected by the variable factors from (Equation 2) above: concentration of SO2; intensity of UV light (I0); path length of the UV light(x) and;

• The amount of fluorescent light created which is affected by the variable factors from (Equation 5): the amount of SO2* present and the rate of decay (k) which changes based on the temperature of the gas.

When and the intensity of the light (I0) is known; path length of excited light is short (x); the temperature of the gas is known and compensated for so that the rate of SO2*decay is constant (k). and; no interfering conditions are present (such as interfering gases or stray light); the amount of fluorescent light emitted (F) is directly related to the concentration of the SO2 in the Sample Chamber. The instrument is specifically designed to create these circumstances.

• The light path is very short (x).



5

• A reference detector measures the intensity of the available excitation UV light and is used to remove effects of lamp drift (I0).

• The temperature of the sample gas is measured and controlled via heaters attached to the sample chamber so that the rate of decay (k) is constant.

• A special hydrocarbon scrubber removes the most common interfering gases from the sample gas.

• And finally, the design of the sample chamber reduces the effects of stray light via its optical geometry and spectral filtering.

The net result is that any variation in UV fluorescence can be directly attributed to changes in the concentration of SO2 in the sample gas. 1.3 TAPI 100E and T100 analyzer comparison The T100 and 100E are essentially equivalent in all analytical aspects. Both use the same underlying technologies. The specifications for both instruments are almost identical to one another. The only significant, documented difference between the two is that the T100 has a color touch screen and 2 USB ports on the front, whereas the 100E has an LCD display. 1.4 Interferences The SO2 detection method is subject to interference from various sources encountered in ambient monitoring. Considerations were undertaken in the design and manufacture of the instruments to minimize instances of casual interference however, the respective instrument manuals cover options available to the user if suspected interferences are encountered. 1.5 Personnel Qualifications Installation, operation, maintenance, repair or calibration of the instrument and all support equipment should only be performed by properly trained personnel. Personnel should meet all minimum requirements and qualifications commensurate with their position or title. All air monitoring staff at SBCAPCD are hired as Air Quality Specialist I, II, III, or Monitoring/IT Supervisor positions. Qualifications for the respective staff functions are typically first established through the successful completion of a probationary period with supervisorial oversight. Successive levels of responsibility are achieved via internal and external training classes, experience and a demonstrated display of abilities until a “journey level” is attained. 1.6 Equipment and Supplies Instrumentation, spare parts, and consumables such as Teflon sample filters, Teflon tubing, and other material used in air monitoring activities are stored in the SBCAPCD laboratory for use by monitoring staff.



6

Standard site installation requires analyzers, calibration systems, and data acquisition systems to be properly integrated to allow for automated calibrations and acquisition of data. Calibration systems are maintained and certified by the station operator. Consumable supplies, required for regular scheduled maintenance are also stored at the respective sites as needed. Supplies are ordered by the Monitoring Supervisor or his designee with consideration for adequate lead times. Station operators are required to notify the Monitoring Supervisor as stock of consumables are depleted to the point where new purchases are required. Some of the specific items critical to the successful operation of the TAPI 100E/T100 sulfur dioxide analyzer are listed below with the vendor where the items are typically purchased: Item Description Vendor ¼” Tubing ¼” OD, 5/32” ID FEP Teflon

Tubing Savillex, Inc.

Tubing Fittings Various PFA Teflon compression fittings

Cole Parmer, Inc.

Sample Filters 5 micron pore size, 47 mm diameter PTFE Teflon Filter Membranes

Savillex, Inc.

Sample Manifold/Inlet 25mm OD borisilicate glass inlet with CARB style manifold. Equipped with PTFE isolating bushings and plugs

Ace Glass, Inc.

Power and most Cables 3 prong AC cable and most cables utilized with analyzer are provided upon initial purchase.

Teledyne API

Ethernet Cable CAT5e or better Ethernet Cable

Compuwave

Calibration System TAPI 700 (equipped with TAPI 701 zero air system).

Teledyne API

NIST traceable SO2 compressed gas standard

Compressed gas cylinder containing SO2 in nitrogen traceable to NIST standards by EPA protocol. Nominal concentration of ~60 ppm.

Scott-Marrin, Inc.



7

1.7 Safety Precautions Prior to cleaning the analyzer or performing any maintenance on the instrument, place the MAIN power switch to the OFF position, and unplug the power cord. Avoid the use of chemical agents which might damage components. Always use a three-prong, grounded plug on this analyzer. Adhere to general safety precautions when using compressed gas cylinders (e.g., secure cylinders, vent exhaust flows).



8

2.0 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

2.1 General Information: The instrument is designed and has received EPA equalivancy with an operating temperature range between 5ºand 40ºC. To provide added assurance of stable operating temperature, a stable shelter temperature between 20-30 ºC is preferred. Care should be taken to install the instrument in a standard 19” instrument rack such that it can be accessed for maintenance, repair work and troubleshooting etc. The standard 19” instrument racks should be bolted to the floor and properly grounded. 2.2 Physical Inspection: The instrument is normally shipped with the following standard equipment:

1. Power cord 2. Instruction manual 3. Side rails Upon receiving the instrument, confirm that the instrument is in good working order and inspect for damage. If any damage is observed, contact the IT/monitoring supervisor. Prior to installation of the instrument, check the following:

1. Verify no apparent shipping damage. 2. Check that all connectors are fully inserted. 3. Check that all mechanical connections are tight. 4. Open and remove the internal shipping screws on the pump and the internal foam blocks. 2.3 Instrument Siting The instrument should be sited in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations Part58 Appendix E “Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring” and USEPA Designated Automated Equivalent Method EQOA-0992-087. See also the Model 100E UV Fluorescence SO2 Analyzer, Section 2.2 “EPA Equivalency Designation” and the Model T100 UV Fluorescence SO2 Analyzer, Section 2.2 “EPA Equivalency Designation” for a detailed list of EPA designation related siting requirements. 2.4 Analog Analyzer Connections The instrument analog output, status output, and control input connectors on the rear panel. The instrument analog output connector is an eight-pin output connector strip on the rear panel. While the primary SO2 concentration acquisition for these analyzers is via Ethernet Modbus, a back-up analog output connection is set up upon analyzer installation. The back-up analog output SO2 concentration connections can be made to either the A1 or A2 connections. The pins are marked plus and minus and must be



9

connected accordingly. As SBCAPCD does not utilize analog strip charts, no other analog connections are required.

2.5 Ethernet Modbus Connections and Settings The primary data acquisition method utilized for SO2 concentration and analyzer operational data is Modbus protocol via Ethernet connection. Each monitoring station utilizes an internal Ethernet network that connects each analyzer to the station data logger (Agilarie 8872 or 8832) through an Ethernet switch or hub. The SO2 analyzer is configured for static IP communications following the procedures outlined in the instrument manual, section 6.5.1 using the appropriate IP address (192.168.xxx.x, Gateway IP (192.168.xxx.1), and Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) as configured in the data logger for this instrument. Port 1 is set to 3000, with Port 2 set to 502, and Modbus protocol is enabled. Following making the above IP configurations on the analyzer, and connecting the analyzer to the station LAN, ensure that the data system is gathering data from the instrument. If not already configured, configure the station data logger for the appropriate channels to gather SO2 concentration as well as all operational parameters following the data logger manual’s procedures. Once the data logger is properly configured, confirm that all channels are correctly gathering data from the SO2 analyzer. 2.6 Operation Verification NOTE: Prior to operation of the instrument, operators must read the respective instruction manual to familiarize themselves with the operation of the instrument.



10

Prior to operating the 100E or T100, ensure that the proper connections have been made. In summary, at most SBCAPCD monitoring locations this involves the following connections: • Connect the sample inlet line from the manifold to the sample port on the rear panel. • Connect the pump exhaust to a suitable vent outside the analyzer area. • Connect the power cord to a well-grounded and appropriate power outlet. • Connect recording devices to the terminal strip and LAN connections on the rear panel. After proper connections have been made, turn on the power switch. At initial power on, the 100E the display will show a single dash on the left side of the screen for approximately 30 seconds. Subsequently, a boot progress meter will be displayed showing the percent completion of loading the operating system. The 100E should automatically enter into sample mode after reboot. The display will now show “SYSTEM RESET” on the top display line, the green sample light on the right front of the panel should be on, and the red fault light should be flashing with the word “SAMPLE” flashing in the upper right hand of the display until the warm-up cycle has completed. Allow approximately one hour for the instrument to stabilize before performing any further operations. Review all diagnostic values by repeatedly depressing the first [<TST] or second [TST>] command keys on the front of the instrument. Compare these values to those listed on the factory final checkout sheet in the instruction manual or the values listed in site records from previous the installation of this instrument. After initial power on, the T100 display will show the API factory label, and a message to indicate that it is loading. The T100 will automatically enter into the sample mode after reboot and display “SYSTEM RESET” across the bottom of the screen. A blinking red “fault” light on the left side of the display will indicate that the system has been rebooted. Compare these values to those listed on the factory final checkout sheet in the instruction manual or the values listed in site records from previous the installation of this instrument. Verify that the test parameters are within the limits prescribed by this SOP, Table 1, API 100E / T100 Standard Configuration Table. If warning messages persist after the 30 minute warm up period is over, investigate their cause using the troubleshooting guidelines provided in the instruction manual. 2.7 Acceptance Testing Prior to field deployment, all new instruments are tested in the SBCAPCD laboratory to ensure proper operation prior to collecting data for record. The instrument is set up in the SBCAPCD laboratory following the same procedures outlined in this SOP for setting an instrument up in a monitoring station. The SBCAPCD laboratory is equipped with a



11

data logger (polled by the central AirVision server) and certified calibration system, mimicking the station set up. After the instrument has been set up, configured, and warmed up for a minimum of one hour, a manual zero span is performed to allow adjustment of zero and span responses to match the certified test gas concentrations. Next, a multi-point calibration is performed to establish linearity, following the general procedure outlined in this Section 5 of this SOP. The instrument is maintained in the laboratory mock station set up for one week, with automated multi-point calibrations performed daily to track zero and span drift as well as confirming the analyzers linear response. At the end of the week long acceptance test period, the instrument is evaluated to ensure the following criteria are met: Parameter Pass Criteria Maximum zero drift for 7 day period +/- 1.5 ppb Maximum span drift for 7 day period 4% Passing linearity on each Multi-point Calibration

All points within +/- 2 % of calibration range of best-fit straight line

Operational Parameters Well within allowable range as listed in Table 1 of this SOP.

If the results of the testing is within allowable criteria, the instrument can be deployed to the field for operation. The calibration results and records of operational parameters recorded by the lab data logger and polled by the central AirVision DAS are copied and permanently stored in the Instrument Records section of the District’s SharePoint intranet site. Should the testing results not meet one or more criteria, the instrument is not deployed to the field and either returned to the vendor or corrective action is taken by Monitoring staff, followed by a repeat of the week long acceptance testing procedure until all criteria are met.



12

3.0 CONFIGURATION

3.1 Instrument Configuration Prior to initiating monitoring for record, the instrument configuration is properly configured prior to field use. Note that both instrument manuals provide detailed description of instrument operation in See T100 manual Sections 4, 5,and 6 or 100E manual Sections 6 and 7. Test Function Nominal Value Allowable Range STABIL <=1PPB with zero air Depends on variability of

concentrations measured SAMPLE FL 650 CC/M 650 CC/M+/-10% PMT -20 to 150 mV with zero air Depends on

concentrations measured NORM PMT 0-5000 mV Depends on

concentrations measured UV LAMP SIGNAL 3000 mV 1000 to 4800 mV LAMP RATIO 100% 30 to 120% STR LGT 5 PPB with zero air <=100 PPB with zero air DRK PMT 25 mV -50 to 200 mV DRK LMP 25 mV -50 to 200 mV HVPS 600 V 400-900 V RCELL TEMP 50 DegC 50 DegC +/-1 BOX TEMP 30 DegC Room Temp=~5 DegC PMT TEMP 7 DegC 7 DegC +/-2 (constant) IZS TEMP Not used Not used PRESS 29 Ambient +/- 2 IN-HG-A SLOPE 1.0 1.0 +/-0.3 OFFSET 0 mV <250 mV

Table1: Standard SBCAPCD API 100E/T100 Configuration Table The Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instruments (TAPI) internal data loggers (iDAS) default to recording hourly concentration data. To provide a possible data back-up in the event that the station data logger goes down, all SBCAPCD site operators should configure ALL TAPI instruments to record minute concentration data. The procedures to program TAPI iDAS to record minute based data is as follows: 1. WARNING: RECONFIGURING THE iDAS WILL CLEAR ALL RECORDS. If you need to archive data, download the data from the analyzer prior to reconfiguring the iDAS. The iDAS can be reconfigured via the front panel controls. From the main menu, press the SETUP soft key.



13

2. Press the DAS key to view the iDAS settings. Next press the EDIT key to begin editing iDAS settings. The instrument will prompt for a password. Enter 929 and press ENTR to begin editing the iDAS settings. 3. The “Conc” channel is the default hourly average data channel. For all TAPI instruments this channel is pre-configured with the concentration data and on some instruments a diagnostic channel. Press the EDIT soft key to begin editing the channel. 4. Press [SET>] until the “Report Period” parameter is displayed. Press the [EDIT] key until the “Report Period Days” field is displayed. Ensure that “Report Period Days” is set to 000. Press [ENTR] to display the “Report Period Time”. Set the “Report Period Time” field to “00:01” and select [ENTR] 5. Press [SET>] until the “number of records” parameter comes up. Press the [EDIT] key to change this value. To maximize storage of records, use the following procedure: a) The analyzer will prompt you to clear all data. Press [YES] if you have backed up your data and move on to step b, otherwise press [NO] and download the data from the analyzer. After downloading, perform steps 1-6 again. b) Set the number of records to all zeroes. The [ENTR] button will only appear if the number of records is a valid number, and will disappear if the number of records exceeds available memory. Increment the highest digit (leftmost digit, will either be the “tens of thousands” digit or “hundreds of thousands” digit) by one until the [ENTR] button disappears. Lower the value by one and press [ENTR]. The value for this digit is now maximized. c) Perform the procedure in step b for next digit to the right. Continue until all values have been maximized. Once the “ones” digit has been completed the maximum number of records will have been selected. Press the [ENTR] key to save the value. 6. Press the [SET>] key until “RS 232 Report” value appears. Set to [OFF] and press [ENTR], or press [SET>] if already the parameter is already set to [OFF]. 7. Press the [SET>] key until “Channel Enabled” value appears. Set to [ON] and press [ENTR], or press [SET>] if the parameter is already set to [ON]. 8. Press the [SET>] key until “Cal Hold” value appears. Set to [OFF] and press [ENTR], or press [SET>] if the parameter is already set to [OFF]. 9.The iDAS is now configured to store 1 minute concentration averages. Press [EXIT]. The analyzer will display “Creating New Data File” and a percentage counter as it resets data storage. Continue pressing [EXIT] until the sampler returns to the main screen.



14

3.2 Analog Data Logger Configuration Analog data logger channel configuration for the instrument can be found in the operating manual for the datalogger model you are using. In most cases, set-up for the T100 is identical to the setup for the 100E. The data logger channel (can utilize A1 or A2) for the sulfur dioxide analyzer can be configured for a 0 to 1 or 0 to 5 volt signal equaling 0 to 500 ppb assuming the range of the instrument is set to 500 ppb. The instrument is configured to single range, 0-500 ppb following the appropriate section in the instrument manual. Note that the analog signal is only utilized in the event that the primary, Modbus connection is not available. 3.3 Modbus Station Data Logger Configuration: The 8872 or 8832 site data logger records minute data for concentration data as well as all operational data from the sulfur dioxide analyzer. Primary data acquisition is accomplished by Ethernet connection using Modbus protocol. Instructions on data logger configuration are provided in the appropriate data logger instrument manual. Following configuration, the site operator will monitor the instrument and data logger to ensure the configuration has resulted in the correct acquisition of data. 3.4 Data Management Data acquisition, data calculations, and data storage/transmittal are described in the SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP.



15

4.0 CALIBRATION INFORMATION

4.1 Calibration Introduction: A calibration is a procedure for aligning or checking the output of an instrument to a known “true” standard. To ensure the quality of the data provided by the 100E or T100, in general the analyzer must be calibrated in accordance with recommendations stated in this SOP. A multi-point calibration is utilized to establish that the instrument response is linear across the measurement range and to confirm that the instrument zero and span drift meets established criteria. A zero/span calibration is utilized to confirm zero and span drift, but does not confirm linearity. Precision or “One Point QC Checks” are utilized to calculate quality statistics and also verify the analyzer is within allowable tolerance. The SBCAPCD utilizes a variety of field calibrations for various situations and purposes that fall into two general categories, nominally referred to as “AS-IS” and “Final” calibrations. An “AS-IS” calibration is performed initially to evaluate the instruments accuracy. No adjustments, modifications or repairs are made to the instrument prior to the “AS-IS” calibration. This calibration verifies instrument accuracy of the recently generated data; usually back to the previous calibration check. A “Final” calibration is performed after an instruments “AS-IS” calibration exceeds adjustment limits, or has undergone major maintenance or repair. If the “AS-IS” calibration (zero/span or multi-point) shows the instrument’s response outside of adjustment limits, and there is no indication of loss of linear response and it appears the out of tolerance condition is due to normal instrument drift, the analyzer zero and/or span is adjusted, followed by a zero/span calibration. However, if an “AS-IS” multi-point shows a non-linear response, it appears the out of tolerance condition is not due to normal instrument drift, and/or repair or maintenance was performed that potentially could influence the linearity of response, a full “Final” multi-point calibration is required. Automated “AS-IS” zero, span and/or precision checks are typically performed six days a week, providing daily confirmation that the analyzer response to test gas near ambient concentrations and/or the NAAQS is within required tolerance as well as meeting the requirement of a valid precision check at least every 14 days. An automated “AS-IS” zero, ~80% span, midpoint, and precision point are performed once each week. This automated zero and three upscale multi-point calibration provides confirmation of linearity as well as establishing that the analyzer response is within allowable tolerance across the entire measurement range of the analyzer. Full zero and 4 upscale point, multi-point calibrations are performed manually or automatically once a month and whenever repairs that could influence analyzer linearity and/or adjustments not due to normal instrument drift are performed. Typically the full “AS-IS” multi-point is performed prior to repair or adjustment needed for reasons other than normal instrument drift, followed by a “Final” full multi-point. The full “final” multi-



16

point performed following adjustment and/or repair can be performed automatically as the next night’s auto-calibration, however should the automated multi-point not meet required tolerances, data will be invalidated back to the time of the repair/adjustment and a new full multi-point must be performed that meet all tolerances before data can be considered valid. Parameter Criteria Zero Drift Adjustment <=+/-1.5ppb Span (all upscale points) Drift Adjustment <=+/-7% Linearity Criteria for Multi-Point All points < +/- 2.1 % or < +/-1.5 ppb

difference of best-fit straight line whichever is greater

Final Multi-point Slope 1.0 +/- 0.05 Table 2 – Instrument adjustment and linearity criteria 4.2 Calibration Overview: Test concentrations for sulfur dioxide must be obtained in accordance with the calibration procedures listed in 40 CFR 50 Appendix A-1. This procedures utilizes the dilution of certified compressed gas standards with zero air to generate appropriate test gas concentrations needed to calibrate the instrument. Both the concentrated gas cylinder and the dilution flow controllers must be certified and traceable to NIST standards. It is recommended that the test concentration for sulfur dioxide generated by dilution should be delivered directly into the station sample manifold. 4.3 Calibration Apparatus: Field calibrations of sulfur dioxide analyzers are performed utilizing the site calibration system. The in-station calibration system is equipped with certified compressed gas cylinder, zero air generator, and flow controllers. The compressed gas cylinder is certified, following the EPA certification procedures outlined in the EPA guidance document, “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards”, May 2012 (EPA/600/R-12/531). The station dilution flow controller’s certification is performed every 6 months in the SBCAPCD laboratory using the SBCAPCD NIST traceable flow standards. All calibration gas is input directly to the station sample manifold, with excess flow vented out the inlet.



17

5.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES

To ensure the quality of the data collected within the SBCAPCD’s air monitoring network, ALL instruments used in the network must be calibrated by a full multi-point calibration • during initial field installation and every six months thereafter, • following physical relocation, • after any major maintenance or repair that could potentially influence linearity, A simplified zero/span calibration can be utilized to adjust zero/span when the instrument response is outside adjustment limits shown in Table 2 above as long as there is no indication of loss of linear response and that the out of tolerance condition is likely due to normal instrument drift. Instrument calibrations at all stations within the SBCAPCD network shall be performed in a consistent manner, so that all network monitoring stations are calibrated in a similar fashion. Instruments must be calibrated in accordance with the appropriate SOP and/or appropriate instruction manual. Full multi-point instrument calibrations should be conducted such that all instruments are challenged at a minimum of four (4) different gas concentrations and a zero check. The high calibration point should be at a level approximately 80% of the instrument’s full analog scale and the low calibration point should meet the requirements of 40 CFR Part 58 App A Sec 3.1.1. A zero/span calibration is conducted by challenging the instrument with a zero check and a high calibration point at a level approximately 80% of the instruments full scale. SBCAPCD also performs a three upscale point multi-point calibration used to confirm a linear response and to evaluate analyzer response across the measurement range of the analyzer. SBCAPCD performs daily automated calibrations “AutoCals”. Six days a week the AutoCals may include the completion of a zero/precision (“one point QC check”), a zero/span check, or a zero/precision/span check on a rotational basis following all EPA requirements. The automated weekly “AS IS” three point upscale multi-point calibration provides added assurance of instrument linearity. Once a month, and in conjunction with any repairs that could influence analyzer linearity and/or adjustments not due to normal analyzer drift, SBCAPCD performs a full four upscale point “full” multi-point calibrations. All calibrations are performed utilizing the in-station calibration system. Results of both automated and manual calibrations (both the analyzer and photometer results) are captured and stored by the station data logger, later transmitted and stored in the AirVision central data system database. Other calibration details for manual calibrations are recorded in the station log.



18

Whenever data is bracketed in time by one or more calibration checks outside of allowable tolerances (zero <+/-3.1 ppb, span/1 pt. QC points <+/-10.1%), that data must be invalidated and corrective action to bring the analyzer back into tolerance must be taken. The procedures for handling data associated with out of tolerance conditions are outlined in detail in Section 6 of the SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP. 5.1 Calibration at Altitude Calibrating the instrument at altitude requires no special adjustments because it compensates for changes in temperature and pressure. Prior to calibration, verify the operation of the internal pressure transducers in the instrument by recording the values of temperature and pressure from the instrument and from a certified transfer standard for one point. NOTE: The air monitoring stations data acquisition system (DAS) is used for primary data recording, therefore the stations DAS data values should be used for calibration calculations in lieu of the analyzer display readings. 5.2 As Is Calibration AS-IS instrument calibrations should be made prior to making any analyzer repairs or adjustments. AS-IS calibrations can be automated or manually performed. The dedicated station calibration system, traceable to NIST standards, is utilized for these calibrations. Both the automated calibrations and any necessary manual calibrations are controlled and recorded by the station data logger. The data logger will control the station calibration system through either contact closure or Modbus commands. The data logger is also programmed to automatically capture the response of the SO2 analyzer for each calibration point performed. The data logger is programmed to step through the calibration sequence, running each point long enough for a minimum of 5 minutes of stable trace from the SO2 analyzer based on historical response time for that site’s equipment. The analyzer operational information typically recorded on a calibration form (slope, intercept, flow, etc.) is automatically being recorded real time by the station data logger and stored in the AirVision database. Any additional information needed to document manual calibrations is entered in the site logbook. The data logger calibration program is configured to perform the following sequence (points 1-5) for “full” multi-point calibrations. Zero/span calibrations consist of only Points 1 and 2. Zero/precision calibrations consist of only Points 1 and 5. The three upscale point multi-point calibrations consist of Points 1, 2, 5, and a mid-point with a target SO2 concentration of 180 ppb. Point 1 – Zero Point 2 – Target Sulfur Dioxide Concentration of 430ppb Point 3 – Target Sulfur Dioxide Concentration of 250 ppb Point 4 – Target Sulfur Dioxide Concentration of 125 ppb Point 5 – Target Sulfur Dioxide Concentration of 50 ppb



19

Following each three or four upscale point multi-point calibration that is performed (automated or manual), the results must be validated. The procedure for validating a multi-point calibration is as follows: 1) Run a calibration result report in AirVision for the calibration being validated. 2) Review the sulfur dioxide analyzer electronic strip chart for each point of the calibration. Ensure that for each point the captured result on the AirVision report matches the stable reading on the charts. For a calibration point to be considered stable, it should be a constant value, not trending upwards or downwards for at a minimum the last 5 minutes of the calibration point. If any calibration points that were stable, but the captured value is incorrect, edit the AirVision calibration database to correctly reflect the analyzer response. If any calibration points did not meet the stability requirement, exclude these points from the AirVision calibration database. 3) Confirm that the compressed gas cylinder and dilution flow controller certifications were valid at the time of the calibrations. If either of these certifications were not valid, exclude all points of the calibration from the AirVision database and immediately take corrective action to ensure valid certifications for the compressed gas cylinder and dilution flow controllers, and re-run the multi-point calibration. 4) Confirm that the database tracking equipment locations, lists the correct sulfur dioxide analyzer and calibrator utilized for this calibration. If the equipment tracking database is incorrect, make the corrections to the database. 5) If any of the validation steps resulted in exclusion of calibration points, take the necessary corrective action and re-run the calibration. 6) After passing the above validation steps, review the calibration result report to ensure that the analyzer linearity meets the criteria listed in Table 2 above. Should the linearity criteria not be met, corrective action is taken to correct the non-linear response, followed by a full multi-point calibration as outlined in section 5.3 of this SOP. Following all “AS IS” calibrations, zero and span drift is evaluated by the criteria listed in Table 2. If the zero and/or span response is outside of adjustment criteria, the instrument is adjusted and a final calibration is performed following the procedure in Section 5.3 of this SOP. Should the “as is” calibration results show any out of tolerance conditions, data will be invalidated back to the last period of data bracketed by checks showing in tolerance conditions. See SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation for more details. 5.3 Final Calibration As previously stated a Final calibration is conducted when an AS-IS calibration exceeds zero/span adjustment criteria, fails linearity criteria, or following major repairs. After performing any necessary maintenance or instrument repairs, adjust the analyzer zero and span with the following procedure: 1) Disable the sulfur dioxide concentration channel in the station data logger. 2) Using the station calibrator, run a manual zero point until the analyzer response meets stability requirements.



20

3) Zero the instrument by following the steps in the relevant instruction manual. For the 100E, refer to Section 8.2 “Manual Calibration”. For the T100, refer to Section 9.2.“ Manual Calibration”. 4) Using the station calibrator, run a manual 430 ppb span until the analyzer response meets stability requirements. 5) Span the instrument by following the steps in the relevant instruction manual. For the 100E, refer to Section 8.2 “Manual Calibration”. For the T100, refer to Section 9.2.“ Manual Calibration”. 6) The new sulfur dioxide analyzer slope and intercept values will be automatically recorded by the data logger, transmitted and stored in the AirVision database. 7) Return to Section 5.2, follow the same procedures for an AS-IS calibration to complete the final calibration. 8) Note that a “full” multi-point calibration is required following any adjustment not due to normal analyzer drift and/or instrument repair/maintenance that could influence analyzer linearity. If the analyzer adjustment was needed due to only normal instrument drift, a final zero/span or three upscale point multi-point calibration is sufficient.



21

6.0 ROUTINE SERVICE CHECKS 6.1 General Information The following routine service checks are to be performed in accordance with the maintenance schedule (Table 3). Perform the routine service checks at least at the prescribed intervals. Some site operators may need to perform these checks more frequently. Detailed routine maintenance procedures can be found in Chapter 11 of the instruction manual. Tracking analyzer operational data is automated by AirVision. All operational parameters (flows, temperatures, etc.) are automatically recorded by the site data logger and transmitted and stored in the AirVision database. Additionally, each operational parameter is configured in the AirVision database to send an email alarm to the appropriate site operator whenever the operational parameter approaches out of tolerance conditions. All other service checks are documented in the station log. Task Continuous Daily* Weekly Monthly As Required Check power and warning messages

X

Review electronic charts and concentration data

X

Email alarm for operational parameters approaching out of tolerance

X

Review operational parameters

X

Change inlet filter X Automated AS-IS three upscale point Multi- point calibration

X

Automated AS-IS four upscale point Multi- point calibration

X

Clean Optics X Replace flow orifice and sintered filter

X

Re-build or replace sample pump

X

Table3: Maintenance Schedule * Daily indicates that for each working day where the site technician visits the station, this check should be performed.



22

6.2 Daily (or Each Visit) Checks Daily (or each site visit) review instrument diagnostic and concentration data, automated calibration values and electronic charts for any indication of analyzer malfunction. Check the instruments for any error/fault messages. 6.3 Weekly Checks In AirVision, retrieve and review the hourly operational parameters for the sulfur dioxide analyzer, noting any unexpected shifts, indications of invalid data, and/or trends to watch. Validate the automated multi-point calibration in the AirVision database. 6.4 Monthly Checks Change the particulate filter located inside the instrument and document in the site log. Validate the automated 4 upscale point multi-point calibration in the AirVision database 6.5 As Required Checks Clean the optics when performance and/or operational parameters suggest that the optics are dirty, such as a slow response to span or an unexpected drop in the lamp ratio value. Follow the procedures in the instrument manual (100E – Section 12.7.2 T100 – Section 12.7.2), and consider consultation with the factory prior to performing this check. Replace the sintered filter and flow control orifice when operational parameters suggest that these items are restricting flow, such as a drop in sample flow. Follow the procedures in the instrument manual (100E – Section 10.3.4, T100 – Section 11.3.4) Re-build or replace the sample pump when operational parameters indicate a loss of sample flow not attributed to restrictions to flow. Follow the procedures included with the pump re-build kit.



23

7.0 MAINTENANCE AND PROCEDURES

7.1 General Information The instrument is designed to operate unattended for long periods of time. Other than the routine service checks outlined in section 6.0 of this SOP, the 100E/T100 need very little maintenance. However, preventative maintenance requirements may vary from instrument to instrument, thus operators should refer to the instrument instruction manual to become familiar with maintenance requirements. If station operators cannot repair an instrument using procedures stated in the instruction manual, contact the IT/Monitoring Supervisor.



24

8.0 TROUBLESHOOTING

8.1 General Information The API 100E and API T100 have been designed to rapidly detect possible problems and allow for their quick evaluation and repair. During operation, the analyzer continuously performs self-test diagnostics and provides the ability to monitor the key operating parameters of the instrument without disturbing monitoring operations. Any diagnostic parameters which drift outside of the acceptable range will cause AirVision software to generate an alert to be emailed to the site operator. Should instrument malfunctions occur and troubleshooting is required to determine the problem, operators should refer to Chapter 12, “Troubleshooting and Repair Procedures” in the 100E/T100 instruction manual.



25

9.0 QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE Quality control checks are performed as outlined in Section 5.0 of this SOP as well as the Santa Barbara County APCD Gas Pollutant Quality Assurance Project Plan. The results of these checks are used in validating data from SO2 analyzers. The procedures for handling data associated with out of tolerance quality control checks are outlined in detail in Section 6 of the SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP. In general, whenever data is bracketed in time by one or more calibration checks outside of allowable tolerances (zero <+/-3.1 ppb, span/1 pt. QC points <+/-10.1%), that data must be invalidated and corrective action to bring the analyzer back into tolerance must be taken. In addition to calibration checks being used to validate data from SO2 analyzers, the operational parameters of the analyzer are reviewed to ensure that these variables are within operational tolerance for all valid data. Quality Assurance checks, such as annual performance audits are also utilized to assist in the validation of SO2 data. Whenever a performance audit shows an out of tolerance condition, the issue is immediately investigated by the site operator and documented in the site log. Should this investigation show the analyzer in an out of tolerance condition, data is invalidated for the out of tolerance period.



26

10.0 REFERENCES • Primary Quality Assurance Organization (PQAO) website

http://www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/qa/qa.htm • SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP, First Revision • TAPI 100E Sulfur Dioxide analyzer operation manual • TAPI T100 Sulfur Dioxide analyzer operation manual • “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration

Standards”, May 2012 (EPA/600/R-12/531 • SBCAPCD Gas Pollutants QAPP, First Revision. • SBCAPCD TAPI T700/700E Dilution Calibration System, First Edition • CARB Corrective Action Notification (CAN) SOP -

https://www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/qa/pqao/can/can_sop.pdf



27

Appendix A – Example Calibration Form

TELEDYNE/ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS (API) MODELS · PDF filesanta barbara county air...

Documents

Transcript of TELEDYNE/ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS (API) MODELS · PDF filesanta barbara county air...