Telecoms Tower Structures Catalogue 2015 - · PDF fileTelecoms Tower Structures Catalogue...

TRICOMTelecoms Tower Structures Catalogue

2015

TRICOM 1

Message

Dear Customer,Whenever an existing or potential customer opens up a catalogue such as this, they expect that the products offered have been thoroughly tested and refined. At Robor Energy, we have been manufacturing and selling steel and related products for over 90 years – so we know that we deliver quality products that work, and work well. It is this history that gives us the credibility to stand behind this catalogue and provide you – the customer – with the confidence to order from Robor Energy.

Robor Energy is a leading South African steel supplier with an International presence. Robor has recently acquired Tricom Structures (Pty) Ltd and all it intellectual property and thus became part of the Robor Energy Division. The experienced personnel have been a successful part of the growing telecommunications and commercial fabrication industry for fourteen years. The growth of these industries have been reflected in the product portfolio and distinctive competencies in design and engineering, enabling Robor Energy to meet demands in a rapidly evolving and highly competitive environment. Products and services are offered throughout the entire life of the communication and transmission networks from conception to commissioning through to continual upgrade and maintenance.

We at Robor Energy and Tricom are proud of this catalogue, so please contact us for quality products and outstanding customer service.

Yours truly,

Indiran GoundenManaging Director: Robor Energy and Tricom Structures (Pty) Ltd

TRICOM

Company Profile

Imagine a world without steel. We Can’t...

Established in 1922, Robor is a world-class South African manufacturer and supplier of welded steel tube

and pipe. Robor also supplies and adds value to carbon steel coil, plate, sheet and structural profiles.

Robor is active in most industries, including Mining, Transport - rail and road, Construction, Engineering,

Agriculture, Energy, Telecommunication & Distribution, and Water and Automotive through the supply of

steel, cold formed steel profiles and associated value added products including galvanizing.

It is impossible to imagine a world without steel

Steel is a resource that has played a significant role in enabling the development of the advanced, industrial

civilization; from the buildings we occupy to the vehicles we commute in to the pipelines that provide the

water we drink; steel is an integral part of our daily lives and Robor has been part of this exciting industry for

almost a hundred years.

A culture of innovation and service excellence

Robor’s reputation and expertise have enabled the company to cement its place in local and global

markets. A top priority for Robor is product innovation and service enhancement. The company

boasts three state-of-the-art production facilities located on the East Rand of Johannesburg, as well

as comprehensive warehousing capabilities and outlets in Durban, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. This

ensures the delivery of high-quality products with exceptionally short lead times.

Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE)

Robor subscribes to the principle of equal opportunity and embraces diversity. In particular, Robor believes that BBBEE is central to the sustainable success of the company, as well as the prosperity of South Africa and its people. The company utilizes the services of a SANAS-accredited rating agency to verify its BBBEE ratings. Currently, over 30% of its shareholding is held by empowered companies and previously disadvantaged individuals.

Corporate Social Investment (CSI)

In terms of our other empowerment initiatives, we have a significant number of senior black managers throughout the group and a staff complement that reflects the country’s diverse demographic profile. Accelerated training and development of our young leaders helps us to create tomorrow’s leaders.

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TRICOM

Company Profile

Solutions Orientated

Keeping ahead of the advances within these industries allows ROBOR ENERGY DIVISION to capitalize

on opportunities, improve performance levels and enhance our ability to innovate. By combining an

extensive product range, high levels of service, experience and knowledge, ROBOR ENERGY offers a

complete solution to your needs.

Since its acquisition, TRICOM have been manufacturing goods that have brought quality-engineered

designs to the telecommunication and distribution marketplace.

ROBOR ENERGY is unique in its ability to provide products and solutions on a global basis to satisfy

the communication network infrastructure needs of the cellular, distribution and transmission markets

throughout the world.

With decades of experience in communication infrastructure, ROBOR ENERGY provides innovative

products and solutions to support the highest standards of performance and reliability demanded by

international network operators, service operators, service providers, technology manufacturers and

integrators.

TRICOM and ROBOR ENERGY’s success has been based on company commitment to total quality

and customer satisfaction.

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Tower Structures - Telecoms

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1.1.1 α (Alpha) Monopole Towers 7

1.1.2 β (Beta) Lattice Towers 17

1.1.3 γ (Gamma) Lattice Towers 25

1.2.1 δ (Delta) Lattice Upgrade Solution 26

1.2.2 Κ (Kappa) Monopole Upgrade Solution 29

1.3.1 MFT Solution 30

1.3.2 Grillage Foundation Towers 32

1.3.3 Infill Sites Solution 34

1.4.1 Antenna Mounting Pole 35

1.4.2 Extended Antenna Mounting Pole 36

1.4.3 Guyed Rooftop Towers 37

1.5.1 Wind Turbine Towers 38

1.5.2 Cladded Monopoles 39

1.5.3 Stealth Solutions 40

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Some low yield mines (network) have shut or have been

absorbed within larger concerns and in some cases

entrepreneurs (Towerco’s) have purchased mine (network)

assets in the hope of creating further investor value through

the generation of non-core income which in this specific

case would be the rental of space on the towers originally

built for carrying a single networks traffic.

The mobile industry has clearly changed from the initial

boom market to one of maturity and the products now

required by the dominant market players have also

evolved.

The initial “ one size fits all” approach has given way to a

more sophisticated approach to hardware purchases as

Towerco’s wish to minimize their initial investments and only

expand and invest once they have the correct client mix.

Tricom has adjusted its product offering to reflect this

market change and has introduced a selection of

structures which will assist in allowing tower owners to

meet their financial objectives by matching investment with

revenue streams.

We are proud to introduce the 2015 range of towers which

consist of the following anchor tower products :

» ALPHA monopole range

» BETA angular lattice range

» GAMMA tubular lattice range

» DELTA upgrade range

FOREWORD

Tower Structures

The early days of the mobile telecommunications industry can be likened to the heady gold rush days both in South

Africa and other ore bearing countries. Newly formed networks were under pressure to stake their claims and amidst this

frenzy there was not much attention paid to future network needs. The horizon was probably not beyond 6 months and

the main priority was to sign up subscribers. The market has now matured and the initial claims have now given way to

more sophisticated high revenue earning enterprises. The initial voice service “nuggets” have developed into a host of

sophisticated services in the form of smart phones, data bundles, applications etc and in some cases the initial stakes

have consolidated into larger merged entities covering a large geographical area.

Foreword

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A special mention is made of the BETA tower range which

has adopted the best features of all towers designed by us

over the past 20 years.

The BETA range was inspired by the Shukhov tower

structure which is located in Moscow.

The original design by Vladimir Shukhov was to be Russia’s

response to the Eiffel Tower and was intended to be higher

than the famous Parisian landmark.

Unfortunately due to the prevailing steel shortage in Russia

at the time only 160m of the original 350m structure was

eventually built.

The unique structure combines lightness and strength

and at a height of 350m had an estimated mass of 2 200

Tonnes which is significantly lower than the Eiffel Tower

which weights 7 300 Tonnes over 350m.

Although the structure is itself not particularly relevant and

functional today the hyperboloid design continues to be

used in the latest structures being built. Famous architects

have used such structures in their creative work. Examples

are Gaudi, Le Corbusier, Niemeyer, Otto, Foster, Gery and

Kalatrava.

Tricom has incorporated some aspects of the design into

the BETA range and the mass benefits are significant.

There are further benefits when introducing higher strength

steels.

The 2015 range is dealt with in more detail within the next

few pages of this section.

Foreword

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1.1.1 α (AlphA) MOnOpOlE TOWERs

General

A monopole structure is a free standing and self-supporting, and is often an effective solution when confronted by zoning

codes and space requirements. Tricom has several unique solutions for heights up to 60m including structures with pre-

engineered upgrade paths, especially suited to owners wishing to optimize rental returns.

The structure is supplied with the following standard options:

» Anchor bolts and template

» Internal or external climbing ladder

» Platform

» Installation drawings

» Upgrade kit details (for series U monopoles)

Optional items

» Paint Kit

» Fall arrest systems

» Additional ladder kits

» Antenna brackets

» Additional Platforms

» Earthing Kits

» Navigational light kits

» Ice Guards

» Anti climb systems

» Cable gantries

» Upgrade kits

» Piling Kits

The newly developed and patented ALPHA Monopole Tower Range has been introduced specifically with future

upgrading in mind.

An example of how the “ALPHA” Monopole Tower Range can be upgraded from a basic model to a much higher capacity

structure via a series of pre-engineered component additions to the base tower structure is included.

It should be noted that this example is for illustration purposes only, and each owner may have a different requirement

which would be uniquely assessed.

1.1 GREEnFIElD sTRUCTUREs

1.1 Greenfield Structures

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THE EFFECT OF USING HIGHER GRADE STEEL

With the Alpha Monopole Tower there is a significant positive effect

when using a higher grade steel, the design favors the use of the

higher strength, weldable, steel which is readily available.

FULLY UPGRADABLE

By reducing the stiffener buckling lengths we achieve further

efficiencies. We therefore design and manufacture our ALPHA

Monopole Tower Range with two sets of brackets that are located

on every 5m section which makes for an efficient unsupported

length.Our solution therefore makes sense as we use higher grade

steel that increases current load for future monopoles.

The external part of the tower becomes an important part of future

network expansion and capacity by the addition of:

» Stiffeners

» External ladders

» Platforms

» Feeder brackets

» Antenna booms

These can be added at any section of the tower due to the nature

of our product. Note that the base tower foundation would also

require strengthening in order to accommodate the additional tower

loads, when upgrading this can also be pre-engineered from the

start, and various options can be offered for this depending on the

local conditions, and availability of materials.

The use of large bore seamless pipe ensures a truly quality product,

which can be readily adapted by using large diameter plasma or

laser cutting machines.

1.1.5.1 Available Series/ Tower Range:

a. Flanged Monopoles

» MF300 series

» MF500 series

*Offered in standard or upgrade configurations

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Description

Standard flanged monopole structure with internal climbing ladder.

» Maximum Height : 60m

» Antenna Area : 6m2 to 18m2

» Material Yield Strength : 355 MPa

» No upgrade attachments

Available in: 3 Options:

» MF300-S-I-A : 10m Top Spine

» MF300-S-I-B : Continuous tube till top

» MF300-S-I-C : 10m Lattice spine structure

Description

Standard flanged monopole structure with internal climbing ladder.





Available in: 3 options




MF300-S-I

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MF-500 series

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Description

Standard flanged monopole structure with external climbing ladder.





MF300-s-E

MF-300 series

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Description

Standard flanged monopole structure with external climbing ladder.





MF500-s-E

MF-500 series

Figure: MF 300-S-E


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Description

Upgradeable flanged monopole structure with internal

climbing ladder.


» Antenna Area : Depending on upgrade path


» Pre installed upgrade attachments

Available in 3 options:




MF300-U-I

MF-300 series

Description

Upgradeable flanged monopole structure with internal

climbing ladder.





Available in 3 options




MF500-U-I

MF-500 series

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Description

Upgradeable flanged monopole structure with external

climbing ladder.





MF300-U-E

MOnOpOlE sTRUCTUREs: MF-300 seriesMF-300 series

Description

Upgradeable flanged monopole structure with external

climbing ladder.





MF500-U-E

MF-500 series

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Example: Upgradeable 15m to 30m

METRO TOWERS FOR LTE/4G Upgrading from 15m to 30m Monopole Tower Structures

Background:

» Large demand for URBAN/METRO sites due to LTE/4G data traffic

» Local approvals and CAA are obstacles

» Structures < 15m are easier to qualify and CAA is not required under certain conditions

» Towers should not be limited to 15m and single tenants.

» This presentation illustrates the Tricom option for taking a monopole 15m tower to 30m and for multi tenant

application.

» Applicable to the ALPHA range of monopole towers

Design Considerations:

» The challenge is to have a cost effective and functional structure which allows minimal investment at 15m.

» The upgrade path up to a height of 30m is carefully documented in steps of 5m.

» Rigging to be cost effective with no rework required on site. Standard parts are used.

» At least 12m2 at 30m (min 3 x tenants)

» Foundation must also be upgraded in stages with low initial investment.

The Solution:

The newly designed ALPHA range of monopole towers is the ideal solution for this challenge;

The following example illustrates how the features of the ALPHA range are applied to add value to the initial 15m tower

which is installed at the lowest cost possible.

Careful sizing of the tower components allows for a seamless transition from 15m to 30m with the option of placing

several tenants at each iteration


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Alpha Upgrade Tools:

The following slides show how the features of the ALPHA tower is used to achieve the desired outcome of upgrading a

15m monopole tower to a final height of 30m in a METRO environment.

Upgrade Data:

The following illustrates the methodology of a 15m base tower design which is increased to a final height of 35m.

15m Base Tower

Monopole Height: 15m

Windspeed: 40m/s

Terrain Category: CAT2

Datum: 0m

Altitude: 0m

Antenna Loading: 20 m2 at Top 3

Mass Antenna: 20 kg

Yield Strength Steel: 355 MPa

Pipes Selection: (seamless pipe)


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Upgrade Data: (cont.)

The 15m tower is now upgraded in stages until reaching the 30m height

30m Tower

Monopole Height: 30m (full upgrade)

Windspeed: 40m/s

Terrain Category: CAT2

Datum: 0m

Altitude: 0m

Antenna Loading: 12 m2 at Top 10

Mass Antenna: 20 kg

Yield Strength Steel: 355 MPa

Pipes Selection: (seamless pipe)


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Some Interesting Data:

Height Tower Type Antenna

Area

Est Mass

m m2 kg

15 ALPHA 15m 20 2700

35 ALPHA 30m 12 5300

» The 15m tower has an antenna area of 20m2

» The 30m tower has an antenna area of 12m2.

» Both suited for multiple tenants.

» Low initial investment

» Foundation data to follow

» Micropiles are an alternative foundation option

» Final mass only for budget purposes.


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1.1.1 GsM (ßETA lATTICE TOWER RAnGE)

BACKGROUND

There is an ever increasing need for Cellular Towers to carry additional

antennas and related. Furthermore, there is often a need to increase the

height of these structures.

Some of the reasons for such increases :

» Consolidation of multiple networks on a single tower.

» Requirement by Towerco to extract maximum value from its asset.

» Addition of non GSM tenants to structure. Eg. Vehicle tracking, police,

defence etc.

» Addition of Microwave antennas for a new, previously unplanned

backbone.

The new ßETA tower range has been specifically developed for this

requirement and provides the tower owner with a host of options when

considering a tower upgrade.

By way of example we show how the ßETA tower can be upgraded from

a basic model to a much higher capacity structure via a series of pre

engineered component additions to the base tower structure.

It should be noted that this example is for illustration only and each owner

may have a different requirement which would be uniquely assessed.

Tricom has applied for a patent for several features of the BETA design (PAT

PENDING 2015/08175)

DESIGN FEATURES:

The ßETA Tower looks somewhat different than traditional towers. The

obvious difference is the diagonal bracing arrangement but, this is certainly

not new and has been extensively used in transmission towers. It is the

application to the ßETA tower, and the incorporation of other features which

makes our product unique.

The ßETA Tower design is innovative and simple. The simplicity allows for

easy installation and simple upgrade procedures to increase strength and

height if necessary. The use of materials has also been rationalised.


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The treatment of multi-lattice style diagonals is covered in several codes.

Example: Euro Code 3 – Part 3-1 indicates rules for multiple lace bracing.

These were applied to the ßETA Tower. The ßETA approach is to add diagonal members whenever necessary to

accommodate more load as and when required, this resulted in two positives:

» Additional diagonal support.

» Reduced buckling length of leg members.

These are critical components in tower upgradability, in most cases the diagonals are under stressed by large margins

and have large capacity for additional loads.

In most cases we have found that only one angle size is required for all diagonal members. This makes stock holding of

raw material convenient which results in an improvement in manufacturing turnaround timelines.

FEATURE: DIAGONAL MEMBERS


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FEATURE: LEG MEMBERS

From buckling considerations it is not desirable to have unsupported equal angle leg lengths in excess of 1.5 m. The

transition from pure tension or compression to buckling failure occurs in this range for angles and has a significant effect

on the deemed resistance of the angle member in question. By using multiple lattice bracing, one is able to “control” the

leg buckling lengths and this assists when additional loading is required on the tower. Should this not be enough, the

ßETA Tower legs can be upgraded to the “CRUX” format as shown below.

FEATURE: HORIZONTALS

» There are no horizontals in the multiple lattice area.

» First 60m-65m of the tower has a “closing”

bottom section.

» Bottom section regulates tower height: n x 5m + H

» Ladders & Platforms Attach to Leg Sections and

are independent of main tower body.

FEATURE: LADDERS AND PLATFORMS

New unique ladder & platform designs, independent of

tower configuration and attached to tower legs, except for

larger platforms which also attach to diagonals to provide

additional support.

Crux with Pile Plate Single Leg

Fig: Various Leg and Base Options

Upgraded Leg (Crux)


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Description

Three sided upgradeable lattice tower structure using hot rolled

angular sections.

Features:

» Max height: 100m

» Antenna area: up to 70m2

» All terrain types

» Multiple tenants

» Caged ladder or fall arrest system

» Custom antenna brackets

» Hot dip galvanized

» Easy to install

» Fast turnaround

» 355 MPA or 500 MPA steel

B3-300 / B3-500

B3 series

Figure 1 B3-50m


Description

Four sided upgradeable lattice tower

structure using hot rolled angular sections.

Features:

» Max height: 140m

» Antenna area: up to 70m


» Multiple tenants

B4-300 / B4-500

B4 series

Description

Six sided upgradeable lattice tower structure using

hot rolled angular sections.

Features:

» Max height: 200m

» Designed to suit

» Mobile and broadcast application


» Easy to install

» 355 MPA or 500 MPA steel

B6-300 / B6-500

B6 series

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Example: Upgradeable 15m to 30m

Background:

» Large demand for URBAN/METRO sites due to LTE/4G data traffic

» Local approvals and environmental considerations are often obstacles.

» Structures < 15m are easier to qualify and EIA is not required under certain conditions

» Towers should not be limited to 15m and single tenants and owners need options for expansion.

» This presentation illustrates the Tricom option for taking a 15m tower to 35m and for multi tenant application.

» Applicable to the ßETA range of lattice towers (PAT PENDING 2015/01875)

Design Considerations:

» The challenge is to have a cost effective and functional structure which allows minimal investment at 15m.

» The upgrade path up to a height of 35m is carefully documented in steps of 5m.

» Rigging to be cost effective with no rework required on site. Standard parts are used.

» At least 3 tenants at 35m

» Foundation must also be upgraded in stages with low initial investment.

The Solution:

The newly designed ßETA range of lattice towers is the ideal solution for this challenge;

The following example illustrates how the features of the ßETA range are applied to add value to the initial 15m tower

which is installed at the lowest cost possible.

Careful sizing of the tower components allows for a seamless transition from 15m to 35m with the option of placing

several tenants at each iteration.

» The 15m tower has an antenna area of 15m2

» The 35m tower has an antenna area of 26m2.

» Both suited for multiple tenants.

» Low initial investment

» Foundations may be optimised further by submerging.

» Micropiles are an alternative foundation option

» Option to go up to 45m with lesser loading

» Final mass only for budget purposes.

Some Interesting Data:

Height Tower Type Base L Antenna Area Est Mass Concrete Rebar

m mm m2 kg m3 kg

15 AT_15m_S9_11_U35_O 3816 15 2166 10.7 795

35 B3_35_S5_11_GFO 3816 26 5648 16.0 2328


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Upgrade Data:

The following illustrates the methodology of a 15m base tower design which is increased to a final height of 35m

15m Base Tower:

Code Parameters

Description Unit/

Tower Height 15 m

Number of Sides to Tower 3

Class of Structure B SANS

Basic Wind Speed (3-s Gust) 40 m/s

Time Period and Criticality of Failure 50 Years

Height Above Sea Level 0 m

Terrain Category 3

Ground Datum

(for escarpments and buildings)

0 m

Unfactored Forces on Foundation

Description Unit/

Maximum Downward Force -74.3 kN For 1 leg

F_Lateral (at maximum down) 12.1 kN

Maximum uplift force 66.0 kN

Fx(Lateral) 0.0 kN At slab

centre

Fy(Lateral) 21.4 kN

Fz(down) -12.5 kN

Moment 221.8 kN-m

Tower Summary (SANS)

FEM Mass 1083 kg Fac (max) 1.00

Start Panel 17 - Fac (opt) 0.40

End Panel 22 -


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23

Upgrade Data: (cont.)

The 15m tower is now upgraded in stages until reaching the 35m height

35m Base Tower:

Code Parameters

Description Unit/

Tower Height 35 m

Number of Sides to Tower 3

Class of Structure B SANS

Basic Wind Speed (3-s Gust) 40 m/s

Time Period and Criticality of Failure 50 Years

Height Above Sea Level 0 m

Terrain Category 3

Ground Datum

(for escarpments and buildings)

0 m

Unfactored Forces on Foundation

Description Unit/

Maximum Downward Force -520.9 kN For 1 leg

F_Lateral (at maximum down) 43.1 kN

Maximum uplift force 493.8 kN

Fx(Lateral) 0.0 kN At slab

centre

Fy(Lateral) 67.6 kN

Fz(down) -40.7 kN

Moment 1624.2 kN-m

Tower Summary (SANS)

FEM Mass 3259 kg Fac (max) 1.00

Start Panel 9 - Fac (opt) 0.50

End Panel 22 -


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24

MTN Certification:

Tricom/Robor has requested a 3rd party audit subject to MTN spec requirements in order to verify design procedures

especially one some of the more innovative aspects.


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25

1.1.3 γ (GAMMA) lATTICE TOWERs


Description

Three sided fully tubular structure.

Features

» Max height : 100m

» Antenna area : up to 70m2


» Caged ladder systems

» Optional fall arrest

» Customers antenna brackets

» Hot dip galvanized finish

» Option of using higher strength steels

» Simple ladder and platform installation

Y3 series

Description

Three sided fully tubular structure.

Features

» Max height : 100m

» Antenna area : up to 70m2


» Caged ladder systems

» Optional fall arrest

» Customers antenna brackets

» Hot dip galvanized finish

» Option of using higher strength steels

» Simple ladder and platform installation

Y4 series

Background

The γ tubular range was introduced for the following reasons:

» Superior sectional properties of tubes

» In-house tube rolling facilities

» Lower drag coefficient

» Further option of using higher strength coil to reduce mass

» Lower mass when compared to angle sections

» Some clients specify tubular designs

Tubular sections exhibit superior buckling resistance per unit length. Whereas angle

sections need to be supported over 1.5m spans tubular sections require support

beyond lengths of around 2m to 2.5m. Tubular towers thus require less internal

support than angular towers thereby reducing overall mass.

The g range is not specifically designed to be upgraded, as is the case of the b

tower range.

TRICOM


261.2 Upgrade Tower Solutions

1.2.1 δ (DElTA) UpGRADE RAnGE

1.2 UpGRADE TOWER sOlUTIOns

Background

Some GSM towers are reaching life cycle milestones within ranges of

20 to 30 years. Towers erected during the analogue era are reaching

ages beyond the 40 year mark.

Operational requirements have changed during this period and modern

multi-tenant occupancies often require antenna areas of 20m2 or more

at certain locations.

Older towers occupying prime sites have reached capacity limits

and need to be either upgraded or replaced. Alternative sites are

often not available due to lack of suitable space and local zoning and

environmental considerations.

The Delta range has been designed specifically for a tower replacement

operation and several standard options have been designed to

accommodate different tower shapes up to 60m. Towers above 60m

will use uniquely tailored solutions.

Upgrading foundations is essential when considering a replacement

and micro-piling is in most cases the preferred method of increasing

the foundation capacity to match the newly installed tower. There are

various micro-pile systems available and all offer a practical and cost

efficient method for foundation upgrades.

Tricom has implemented 200+ tower replacements within the Southern

African region and almost all projects have used various forms of

micro-piling techniques, to enable the foundation to (meet match) the

capacity of the new tower.

Tricom offers a complete tower upgrade and replacement service

which includes:

» Site Survey

» New Tower Selection

» Foundation Design

» Method Statement

» Micro-pile Configuration

» Engineering Support

» Final Certification by PR. Engineering

Figure 1: New tower around old one.

Figure 2: Increased Capacity

Figure 3: Micro Piling Rig

TRICOM


27

Description:

Three and four sided replacement tower for narrow

tower in metro or rural terrains.

Features:

» Max height: 60m

» Other heights on request

» Standard loading: 18m2 in rural applications

» Custom feeder brackets

» Foundation upgrade via micro-piles

» Retain ending foundation

» Custom platform and antenna bracket system


» Cross over booms

δ 3_A / δ 4_A


Description:

Three and four sided replacement tower for medium

width tower in metro and rural terrain conditions.

Features:

» Max height: 60m








» Cross over booms

δ 3_B / δ 4_B

Description:

Three and four sided replacement tower for wide towers in

metro and rural terrain conditions.

Features:

» Max height: 60m








» Cross over booms

δ 3_C / δ 4_C

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28

Description:

Three and four sided replacement tower for narrow

tower in TOPO.

Features:

» Max height: 60m








» Cross over booms

δ 3_X / δ 4_X


Description:

Three and four sided replacement tower for medium

width tower in TOPO conditions.

Features:

» Max height: 60m








» Cross over booms

δ 3_Y / δ 4_Y

Description:

Three and four sided replacement tower for wide

towers in TOPO conditions.

Features:

» Max height: 60m








» Cross over booms

δ 3_Z / δ 4_Z

TRICOM



1.2.2 Κ (kAppA) MOnOpOlE UpGRADE RAnGE

Background:

As with the original GSM lattice towers, installed monopoles are reading an advanced age and most have capacity constraints.

Given that monopoles are often more aesthetically pleasing they are more readily acceptable in urban environments and are placed in high traffic locations.

These towers are often highly profitable and generate large revenues for their owners. It is therefore essential that their life cycles are prolonged and capacity increased.

There are many upgrade solutions available and the Tricom offering is not unique. These solutions rely on increasing the cross sectional area of the original monopole by adding structural elements around the circumference.The following shows how an overloaded monopole is upgraded to restore its integrity and allow for a degree of future expansion.

Figure 1: Before

Figure 4: Micro Piling

Figure 5: Reinforcing Figure 6: Load TransferFigure 2: During Figure 3: After

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30

1.3.1 MFT – MODUlAR FOUnDATIOn TOWER

As suggested by the name, the MFT provides a generic rapid

deployment solution for tower structures in the small to medium

height category. The MFT is ideally suited for rapid urban

deployment.

The patented block system is unique and simple to install.

Each block type is dimensioned and designed to be handled

without the use of mechanical handling equipment.

The system comprises of four block types:

• Standard Block

• Service Block

• Stub Block with earth connection

• Outrigger Block

The MFT foundation is able to accommodate all structures types

i.e. lattice, monopole, stealth etc. Site security fencing may be

attached to the outside perimeter of blocks if required.

Equipment can be placed within the secured perimeter using the

block surface as attachment points.

Tricom is able to tailor a MFT solution for your specific needs.

Equipment placed on block foundation

1.3 Rapid deployment solutions (RDS)

1.3 RApID DEplOYMEnT sOlUTIOns (RDs)

TRICOM


31

1.3.1 MFT - BUIlD sEQUEnCE phOTOs

Figure 1 : Arrival at site

Figure 3: Tightening of Rods

Figure 5 : Tower 1st section Figure 6 : Tower Erection Figure 7 : Finished site with fence

Figure 4: Foundation Complete

Figure 2: Leveling of blocks


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32

1.3.2 GFT – GRIllAGE FOUnDATIOn TOWERs


The term “Grillage” has the following definitions:

Definition 1: A footing that consists of two or more tiers of closely spaced structural steel beams resting on a concrete block, each tier being at right angles to the one below.

Definition 2:1. A framework of heavy timbers, steel, or reinforced concrete beams laid longitudinally and crossed by similar members laid upon them to spread a heavy load over a larger area, esp. for use where the ground is not firm. 2. A series of steel beams, bolted together and placed over a footing; used to distribute a concentrated column load over the top of the footing.

Definition 3:Grillage foundations consist of a number of layers of beams usually laid at right angles to each other and used to disperse heavy point loads from the superstructure to an acceptable ground bearing pressure.

Grillage bases are rarely economic these days for permanent foundations except for very heavy loads. However their prefabricated form can prove very useful for temporary works particularly where re-use of the foundations is required.

The grillage beam can be in any material, the most usual being either steel, precast concrete or timber. In some permanent situations, however, where unusual circumstances exist, such as an abundance of durable timber or the possible re-use of existing rolled steel sections, the grillage can prove both successful and economic. In permanent conditions durability becomes an important design factor and protection and/or the selection of suitable materials is a major part of the design. In the case of steel grillage below ground this is usually achieved by encasing the grillage in concrete.

The concrete for average ground conditions would usually require to provide a minimum cover to the steel of 100 mm. In the case of timber grillages the selection of a suitable species of timber and/or suitable preservation protection is crucial to the design, in a similar way to that for timber piles.

Definition 4:From The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition:

» n. A network or frame of timber or steel serving as a foundation, usually on ground that is wet or soft.

» From Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License

» n. A foundation of crisscrossing timber or steel beams, usually for spreading heavy loads over large areas.

» From the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English

» n. A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.

» From The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia » n. In engineering, a framework composed of heavy

beams laid longitudinally and crossed at right angles by similar beams notched upon them, used to sustain a foundation and prevent it from settling unevenly in soil of unequal compressibility.

» n. In lace, a background of separate bars or brides, not woven together into a texture.

Grillage foundations for mobile applications are commonly used in rapid deployment and last mile applications where speed and cost are the dominant drivers.

Soil characteristics play a significant role in the selection of grillage foundations. Aggressive soils may require protection beyond the conventional galvanized finish.

TRICOM



Typical soil characteristics are:

Type of soil Specific weight force naturally with humid bouyancy (values for design)

Angle of internal friction

Bearing pressure at a depth of 1,5m permissible ultimate

Coeffi-cient

g g1 f a1,5 a1,5

kN/m3 kN/m3 Degree kN/m2 kN/m2 k

non-cohesive soil1 Sand, loose2 Sand, semi-loose3 Sand, dense4 Gravel, bolder, uniform5 Gravel, sand, graded6 Boulder, stones, macadam, graded

17 9 30 200 320 3,5

18 10 32,5 300 480 4

19 11 35 400 640 5

17 9 35 400 640 5

18 10 35 400 640 5

18 10 35 400 640 6

Cohesive soils7 Pasty 16 8 0 0 0 1

8 Soft (easy to knead), purely cohesive 18 9 15 40 65 2

9 Soft, with non-cohesive additions 19 10 17,5 40 65 2,5

10 Firm (difficult to knead), purely cohesive

18 9 17,5 100 160 2,5

11 Firm, with non- cohesive additions 19 10 22,5 100 160 3

12 Stiff, purely cohesive 18 10 22,5 200 320 3

13 Stiff, with non-cohesive additions 19 11 25 200 320 3,5

14 Hard, purely cohesive 18 27,5 400 640 3,5

15 Hard, with non-cohesive additions 19 30 400 640 4

Organic soils and soils with organic additions

15 to 16 0 to 7 15 1

Rock

» with considerable fissures or unfavourable stratificaction

20 up to 10002) 16002)

» in sound, non-decomposed condition with minor fissures or favourable stratification

25 up to 30002) 48002)

Made up ground and fill

uncompacted embarkment 12 to 16 6 to 10 10 to 25 30 to 100 48 to 160 2

compacted embankment Classification according to type of soil, density of stratification and consistence, respectively

TRICOM



Some practical solutions for grillages in cohesive and/or aggressive soils:

» Redundancy design for a specific anticipated material mass lost due to presence of moisture and/or aggressive soils.

» Increase galvanizing thickness.

» Additional protective coating.

» Encase steel grillage components in grout or concrete.

Tricom Structures offers a variety of grillage solutions:

Figure 1 Grillage with compression plates

Figure 3 Beams & Pile System - Version 1 Figure 4 - Beams & Pile System - Version 2

Figure 2: Beams and Ballast System

TRICOM


35

1.4 ROOFTOp sOlUTIOns

Floor Mount:

The antenna mounting pole is welded on a square plate and is

supported by 4 gussets. The pole can be bolted through the plate

onto the flat surface of the roof. The pole solution is available in an

89mm diameter GSM option and a 114mm diameter microwave

dish option. Optional stays can be incorporated.

Application:

GSM or microwave dish antennae can be mounted onto the pole

with brackets, usually supplied with antenna.

Product Options:

Item Specification

1 3m Pipe Floor Mounted Pipe Solution

– GSM Option (89mm ø)

2 3m Pipe Floor Mounted Pipe Solution

– Microwave Option (114mm ø)

Wall Mount:

The antenna mounting pole has no attachment, but it’s secured to

two wall brackets, each comprising of an angle iron extension with

a collar welded onto a plate, which is bolted to a wall.

The pole solution is available in a 89mm diameter GSM option,

and a 114mm diameter Microwave dish option:

Item Specification

1 3m Wall Mounted Pipe Solution

- GSM Option (89mm ø))

2 3m Wall Mounted Pipe Solution

- Microwave Option (114mm ø)

Rooftop – Antenna Mounting Pole

RT-001-pipe

1.4 ROOFTOp sOlUTIOns

1.4 Rooftop Solutions

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Rooftop Extended Antenna Mounting Pole

RT-002

Description:

The antenna mounting pole is a single 6m long pipe welded on

a square plate, supported by 4 gussets. The pole can be bolted

through the plat onto the flat surface of the roof. Rungs attached

to the mast can be used as a ladder. An additional lightning

rod is assembled at the top of the tower. Optional stays can be

incorporated. Three stays if the pole is mounted away from edge

of rooftop, and two stays if the pole is mounted to the edge of the

rooftop (larger profile).

Application:

GSM or microwave dish antenna can be mounted onto the pole

with brackets.

Product Options:

Item Specification

1 6m Rooftop Pipe Solution

– GSM Option (89mm diameter)

2 6m Rooftop Pipe Solution

- Microwave Option (114mm diameter)


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37

Rooftop Tower - Guyed Rooftop Tower

RT-003

Description:

The rooftop tower is manufactured with four poles. The bottom

pole is welded onto a square plate. The tower can be bolted

through the plates on the tower onto a flat surface with rawl bolts.

There are two hexagon assemblies, (antenna platform) fixed at the

top of the mast. The antenna platforms are fixed with bolts through

the diagonal members on the antenna platforms. Rungs attached

to the mast can be used as a ladder. An additional lightning rod is

assembled at the top of the tower.

Application:

Antennae can be mounted onto the pole by brackets or bolts.

The Tower is supported by 3-way cable stays. An additional 2m

lightning rod is added to the top of the tower.

Product Options:

Item Specification

1 12m Guyed Rooftop Tower – GSM Option

2 12m Guyed Rooftop Tower – Microwave Option

3 9m Guyed Rooftop Tower – GSM Option

4 9m Guyed Rooftop Tower – Microwave Option


TRICOM


381.5 Specialised Solutions & Projects

1.5.1 WIND TURBINE TOWERS

TRICOM provides effective solutions for Wind Turbine structures.The structures are designed to withstand all loads resulting from wind turbines under specified operating conditions.TRICOM is an appointed BERGEY wind turbine supplier in Southern Africa and is able to provide a complete package to suit client requirements.

Both Monopole and Lattice tower options are available.

LATTICE TOWERSTRICOM lattice towers for wind turbine applications are available in angle or tubular configurations. A transition plate system is used at the top of the tower to receive the turbine.

MONOPOLE TOWERSThe TRICOM flanged monopole system is used to support the designated wind turbine of choice.

1.5 spECIAlIsED sOlUTIOns AnD pROJECTs

TRICOM


39

1.5.2 CLADDED MONOPOLES

The TRICOM cladded monopole design offers the flexibility of a lattice structure with the aesthetic appeal of a clean monopole spine.

This design is especially useful in areas where there may be a resistance to the use of conventional lattice structures. Monopole structures are more readily accepted within urban environments.The cladded monopole concept can also be extended to disguised tree structures.These structures can be erected without the use of mobile cranes.


TRICOM


40

1.5.3 STEALTH SOLUTIONS

The extensive experience of Tricom within the telecommunication tower industry has

allowed us to focus and consult on the engineering of various stealth tower solutions, it

is important for us to understand the specific needs of our clients and a site meeting is

essential to perform the following:

» A feasibility discussion to determine if the proposed design will provide the best

RF performance to meet the needs of our customers.

» To ensure that we take accurate measurements pertaining to the proposed

concealed structure that will assist us the engineering and development of

manufacturing drawings.

» The dimension configurations of the existing structures and the structural

frameworks that we have to work with is important in the design of a solution.

» Obtaining architectural design details, brick, corrugation and any other custom

appearances assists us in developing these solutions.

» Gathering proper data through pictures, physical examples of the existing

structure i.e. rooftops, steeple, monopoles, towers etc. is essential.

» Discussions with the local installation services contractor also assists in ensuring

that the implementation of the solution is feasible and cost effective.

» Investigate the best installation options such as whether a crane will be required

and if it will reach the concealment area, looking at alternative installation methods.

» A pre-project meeting to determine the scope of work with site engineers and

contractors to establish project risks and any unknown conditions also assist in

securing a successful project.


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