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Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeriatelecom Escola Tècnica Superior d Enginyeria de Telecomunicació de Barcelona
Departament de Teoria del Senyal
telecomBCN
UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA
Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions
FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
JOAN M. GENÉ BERNAUS
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS GROUPOPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS GROUPG C O
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
CONTENTSCONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
2. OPTICAL FIBER
3. OPTICAL SOURCES
4. OPTICAL RECEIVERS
5 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS5. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS
6. FIBER-OPTIC SYSTEMS
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 2CONTENTSCONTENTS
6. FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
• HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE• HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• BASIC FIBER‐OPTIC SYSTEM
• F.O. COM. ADVANTAGES
• 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM• 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
• F.O. LOCALIZATION
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 3CONTENTSCONTENTS
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
1800
Primitive Signals – Old civilizations used fire or smoke signs as a communication mechanism. Digital Optical Communications.
XVIII Century – The optical signals used were produced using flagsXVIII Century – The optical signals used were produced using flags and flashlights among others.
1792 – Claude Chappe invents the aerial telegraph. A kind of h i l i d (F h R )
1900
mechanical antenna using a secret code (French Rev.). Transmissions of 100 km with repeaters each 10 km. Speed 1 b/s.
1837 – Samuel Morse presents the electrical telegraph. Starts the Sa ue o se p ese s e e ect ca te eg ap S a s eelectrical communications. The Morse code spreads out rapidly and the transmission speed increases up to 10 b/s. The transmission distance reaches 1000s of Km.
1866 – First transatlantic telegraph cable.
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 41. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
2000
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1800 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone, two hours before Elisha Gray. Recently the invention has been attributed toAntonio Meucci, 1871. Starts the analog communications era. TheAntonio Meucci, 1871. Starts the analog communications era. The telephone experiences a worldwide extension until today.
1895 – First radio communications experiments by GuglielmoMarconi
1900
Marconi.
1931 – Transmission of first TV. images by René Barthélémy.
Fi i l bl i i O d f MH1900 1940 – First coaxial cable transmission system. Order of MHz.
1948 – First microwave transmission system over coaxial cable. Order of GHz. Transmission speed up to 100 Mb/s with repeater O de o G a s ss o speed up to 00 b/s t epeatedistance of just 1 Km due to cable losses (5‐10 dB/km).
1956 – First transatlantic telephone cable.
2000
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 51. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
1800 1952 – Physicist Narinder S. Kapany performed first light guiding experiments considered the invention of optical fiber. Kapany based his experiments on John Tyndall’s theoretical work (Total Internalhis experiments on John Tyndall s theoretical work (Total Internal Reflection – 1850s ) about light guiding in water fountains.
1953 –Maser Theory by Charles H. Townes (Columbia), and independently Nikolai G Basov and Aleksandr M Prokhorov (Soviet
1900
independently, Nikolai G. Basov and Aleksandr M. Prokhorov (Soviet Union). Nobel Prize 1964.
1957 – Laser Theory by Charles H. Townes (Columbia) and Arthur 1900Schawlow (Bell Labs). Patented on 1960 and conflict with Gordon Gould (graduate student at Columbia, recognized 1987).
1960 – First Rubi Laser (694 nm) by Theodore H Maiman (Hugues1960 First Rubi Laser (694 nm) by Theodore H. Maiman (HuguesResearch Lab). This allows to think about an optical transmission system with a carrier on the order of 100 THz. D=1mm. We already have source. A little later Ali Javan (Iran) presents the first Gas Laser (H N )
2000
(He‐Ne).
1962 – First pulsed semiconductor GaAs (850 nm) laser by Robert N. Hall and red laser by Nick Holonyak, Jr. (General Electric).
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 61. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
y y , ( )
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
1800 1965 – Charles K. Kao (Nobel Prize 2009) and George A.Hockham (Standard Telephones and Cables) demonstrated that the main attenuation source of silica glass (1000 dB/km) was the presence ofattenuation source of silica glass (1000 dB/km) was the presence of impurities. Their studies predicted an attenuation around 20 dB/km.
1970 ‐ Robert D. Maurer et al. (Corning) demostrated an optical fiber (SiO ) transmission with an attenuation of 17 dB/km in the region of
1900
(SiO2) transmission with an attenuation of 17 dB/km in the region of 1m. We already have medium. Izuo Hayashy and Morton Panish (Bell Labs), and independently, Zhores Alferov (Soviet Union) develop the first semiconductor (GaAs) laser diode working in continuous‐1900 ( ) gwave at room temperature using the heterostructure. Dimensions similar to an optical fiber. Development of first LED diodes and photodetectors.
1973 – Developtment of optical fibers with lower attenuation than coaxial cables (4dB/km at 850 nm).
9 D l t f thi d i d b NTT (0 2dB/k t 1550 )
2000
1977 – Development of third window by NTT (0.2dB/km at 1550 nm).
1979 – First Single‐Mode fiber (0.2dB/km at 1550 nm).
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 71. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
1800 1980 – Development of first semiconductor optical amplifiers. First commercial fiber‐optic transmission system. 45 Mb/s and a repeater distance of 10 km.distance of 10 km.
1986 – First doped fiber optical amplifiers David Payne (U. Southampton) and Emmanuel Desurvire (Bell Laboratories). Became commercial late 80’s and increase the transmitter distance up to
1900
commercial late 80 s and increase the transmitter distance up to 100 km.
1988 – First transatlantic optical cable (TAT‐8)1900
1996 – First transpacific optical cable (TPC‐5) including WDMtechnology 20x5 Gb/s.
2000
back to ditital optical communications
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 81. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
1800
1e+15 CAPACITY EVOLUTION
WDM
1e+12 opt. amplif.
1900
1e+09t/s ∙ km
]fiber optic
1900
1e+06CxD
[bit
coaxial microowaves
1e+03 telephone
2000 1850 1900 1950 2000Year
1e+00telegraph
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 91. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Year
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
What doesWhat does 10 Gb/s10 Gb/s mean ?mean ?What does What does 10 Gb/s 10 Gb/s mean ?mean ?
Encyclopedia Britannica BCN
32 volumes
NYC
44 million words
24,000 photos
1 sec
10 Gb 10 Gb/s
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 101. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
FIBERFIBER‐‐OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMOPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMFIBERFIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMOPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
InformationInformation Source
DestinationLogical DomainLogical Domain
Electrical TX
Electrical RX
Electrical DomainElectrical Domain
Optical
TX
Optical
RX
OpticalOptical Optical TX
Optical RX
Optical Fiber
Optical DomainOptical Domain
Optical Sources
pp
LED LASER PIN APD
PhotodetectorsAmplifiers
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 111. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- BASIC FIBERBASIC FIBER--OPTIC SYSTEMOPTIC SYSTEM
SOA, EDFA
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FibFib O ti S t E lO ti S t E lELECTRICAL FILTER FiberFiber‐‐Optic System ExampleOptic System Example
MODULATION SIGNALTX
FILTER
ELECTRICALOPTICAL AMPLIFIER
RX
OPTICAL FILTER
ELECTRICAL FILTER
LASEREXTERNAL
MODULATOR
RX
PHOTODETECTOR
OPTICAL FIBER
Cladding (125 microns)External Jacket (4 microns thick)
SiO PVCCore (9 microns)
Internal Jacket (250 microns)
SiO2
Acrilate
PVC
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 121. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- BASIC FIBERBASIC FIBER--OPTIC SYSTEMOPTIC SYSTEM
Acrilate
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27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 131. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- BASIC FIBERBASIC FIBER--OPTIC SYSTEMOPTIC SYSTEM
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
100
70’s1st window
m)
2nd i d10
tion (dB/k
2 5dB/km
2nd window3rd window
80’s
90’
1
Attenuat
0 4dB/k
2.5dB/km
90’s
0.10.2dB/km
0.4dB/km
600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 (nm)
Lasers AlGaAs InGaAsP InGaAsP
SC Amp.
Fiber Amp
Photodet
AlGaAs InGaAsP
PDFA EDFA
Si GI G A P
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 141. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- BASIC FIBERBASIC FIBER--OPTIC SYSTEMOPTIC SYSTEM
Photodet. Si GeInGaAsP
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Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
Wavelength Wavelength (m)(m)
105 104 103 102 101 100 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9106
nn
105 104 103 102 101 100 10‐1 10‐2 10‐3 10‐4 10‐5 10‐6 10‐7 10‐8 10‐9106
t
Designation
Designation
Audio
VLF LF MF
HF
VHF
UHF
SHF
Milimetric
Waves
Far
Infrared
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
ications
ications
M
Radiofrequency MicrowavesFiber‐Optic Comm
1.7m ‐ 0.8m
ium
ium
Appli
Appli Fiber‐Optic Comm.
Optical FiberWave‐guideCoaxialCu Pair
Medi
Medi
103 104 105 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016
Optical FiberWave guideCoaxialCu Pair
1017
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 151. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- BASIC FIBERBASIC FIBER--OPTIC SYSTEMOPTIC SYSTEM
Frequency Frequency (Hz)(Hz)
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AVANTAGES OF FO COMMUNICATIONSAVANTAGES OF FO COMMUNICATIONSAVANTAGES OF F.O. COMMUNICATIONSAVANTAGES OF F.O. COMMUNICATIONS
Huge Capacity (Tb/s 1% of the carrier 100 THz) Huge Capacity (Tb/s 1% of the carrier 100 THz)
Low attenuation (0.2 dB/km) in a wide freq. range (30 nm – 4 THz)
Reduced weight and dimensions.
Isolator (dielectric medium) – electromagnetic i t f i itinterferences immunity
No diaphony (reduced radiation)
T bili ( 55°C 125 °C) Temperature stability (‐55°C to 125 °C)
Flexible and robust (mechanically)
( d d d ) Intrusions security (reduced radiation)
Potential reduced cost (SiO2 abundance)
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 161. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. COM. ADVANTAGESF.O. COM. ADVANTAGES
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
DRAWBACKS OF FO COMMUNICATIONSDRAWBACKS OF FO COMMUNICATIONS
Transductors necessity E/O‐O/E
DRAWBACKS OF F.O. COMMUNICATIONSDRAWBACKS OF F.O. COMMUNICATIONS
Transductors necessity E/O O/E
Expensive devices (shared cost Long‐Haul)
Fiber splices complexity Fiber splices complexity
Connectors complexity
Tecnology unmaturity satellitest. Tecnology unmaturityoptical communications (fiber & free-space)
satellites (microwave links)
100 Km
1000 Km
10,000 Km
ee T
X d
ist
twisted pairmobile
coaxial cable
fixed wireless access( p )
1 Km
10 Km
100 Km
erat
ion
-fre
twisted pair
wireless LAN
mobile wireless
1 Kb/ 1 Mb/ 1 Gb/ 1 Tb/10 m
100 m
Reg
ene
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 171. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. COM. ADVANTAGESF.O. COM. ADVANTAGES
1 Kb/s 1 Mb/s 1 Gb/s 1 Tb/s
Data Rate
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55 FIBERFIBER‐‐OPTIC GENERATIONSOPTIC GENERATIONS5 5 FIBERFIBER OPTIC GENERATIONSOPTIC GENERATIONS
First GenerationFirst Generation 70s70s
Multi‐Mode Fiber (5dB/km)
B i l i 1980 (45 Mb/ )
First GenerationFirst Generation 70s70s
Limited by tt ti Became commercial in 1980 (45 Mb/s)
FP mm Laser AlGaAs at 850 nm, LED
Bit rate 50 100 Mb/s
attenuation
earlyearly 80s80s Bit rate 50‐100 Mb/s
Repeater distance 10 km
Si l M d Fib (0 5dB/k )
Second Generation Second Generation early early 80s80s
Single‐Mode Fiber (0.5dB/km)
Became commercial in 1987
FP mm Laser InGaAsP at 1300 nmLimited by
FP mm Laser InGaAsP at 1300 nm
Bit rate 100 Mb/s ‐ 1.7 Gb/s
Repeater distance 50 km
Limited by attenuation
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 181. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
Repeater distance 50 km
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Third GenerationThird Generation 80s80s
Single‐Mode Fiber (0.2dB/km) (DSF)
B i l i 1990
Third Generation Third Generation 80s80s
Limited by Became commercial in 1990
DFB sm Laser at 1310 nm & 1550 nm
Bit rate 2 5 Gb/s
Limited by attenuation
Bit rate 2.5 Gb/s
Repeater distance 100 km
Semiconductor optical amplif. (SOA)hh
90s90s Semiconductor optical amplif. (SOA)
Coherent Systems
Single‐Mode Fiber (0.2dB/km) (DCF)
Fourth GenerationFourth Generation
Became commercial in 1996 (TPC‐5)
DBR sm Laser at 1550 nmLimited by dispersion
Capacity 1‐128 x 2.5‐10 Gb/s (WDM)
Repeater distance 100 km
b d d f b l f ( )
dispersion
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 191. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
Erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)
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Fifth GenerationFifth Generation late 90slate 90s early 2000early 2000Fifth Generation Fifth Generation late 90s late 90s –– early 2000early 2000
Limited by Single‐Mode Fiber (0.2dB/km) (LEAF)
B i l i 2007 Limited by NL & PMD
Became commercial in 2007
EC sm Lasers at 1550 nm
VCSELs cheap lasers VCSELs cheap lasers
Capacity 250 x 40 Gb/s (DWDM)
Repeater distance 100 km 1e+165 Fiber-Optic System Generations Repeater distance 100 km
Advanced Modulations
Raman Amplifiers1 +13
1e+14
1e+15
1e+16
km
]
1550 nm
EDFA WDM
p
1e+11
1e+12
1e+13
L [b
it/s
· k
850 nm MM fiber
1300 nm SM fiber
SM laser
Solitons
1970 1980 1990 2000 20101e+08
1e+09
1e+10BL MM fiber
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 201. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
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Next GenerationNext Generation 20102010Next Generation Next Generation 20102010
Single‐Mode Fiber (0.2dB/km) (PCF)
Will B i l i 2015 2020
Limited by NL & PMD
Will Become commercial in 2015 ‐ 2020
Broadband tunable Lasers
Capacity N x 100 Gb/s (100G Ethernet) NL & PMD Capacity N x 100 Gb/s (100G Ethernet)
Fiber‐to‐the Home (FTTH)
Repeater distance 100 km Repeater distance 100 km
Advanced Modulations Coherent Detection
Broadband & distributed Amplificationp
Digital Signal Processing (optical/electronic)
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 211. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 221. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
WDMWAVELENGTH DIVISIONMULTIPLEXINGWDMWAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
8 channels x 10 Gb/s = 80 Gb/s
TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64
TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64
TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64
TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64
TX STM‐64 RX STM‐64WDMTX STM‐64
TX STM‐64
TX STM‐64
UX UX
RX STM‐64
RX STM‐64
RX STM‐64
TX STM‐64
TX STM‐64
TX STM‐64
MU
DMU
RX STM‐64
RX STM‐64
RX STM‐64
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 231. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
TX STM‐64
TX STM‐64
RX STM 64
RX STM‐64
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
WDM transmission Bands
10
WDM transmission Bands
10
60 nm
60 nm
60 nm
30 nm
65 nm
25 nm
75 nm
dB/Km) 4 THz
1
12
136
146
153
156
162
167
tion
(
O E S C L U
tenua
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 16000.1
1700
att
wavelength (nm)
O – original C – conventional (erbium) L – long wavelength
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 241. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
gE – extended S – short wavelength
( ) g gU – ultralong wavelength
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
Main Impairments
CS
Main Impairments
BW Old Fiber Plant
AttenuationGVD PMD L CrosstalkAttenuationDispersionNL EffectsNoiseFil i
SPM, Intra XPM. Intra FWM
GVD, PMD
ASE, Shot, Thermal, Phase
MUX OXC
L CrosstalkNL Crosstalk Inter XPM. Inter FWM
FilteringMUX, OXC
attenuationchannel effects
noise
di t tioptical fiber
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 251. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
distortionp
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
System Capacity
Transmission Bandwidth
System Capacity
#1 #2 #N
spectrumspectrum
Channel Spacing Rb
Capacity = Channels x Bit Rate
Channels = Bandwidth / Spacing
freq.
R b s Channels = Bandwidth / Spacing
Capacity = Bandwidth x Bit Rate / SpacingBR
CS
b s
Hz
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 261. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
Spectral Efficiency
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System Capacity
Terabit Transmissions
System Capacity
Terabit Transmissions
Decrease Channel Spacing
Extend Spectral Range
Increase Channel Bit‐rate
200 GHz100 GHz50 GHz
30 nm80 nm120 nm
2.5 Gb/s10 Gb/s40 Gb/s
25 GHz 150 nm 100 Gb/s
Status of commercial equipment (per fiber)
Year 1995 Year 2000 Year 2005 Year 2010
TDM line bit‐rate 2.5 Gb/s 2.5‐10 Gb/s 10‐40 Gb/s 10‐40‐100 Gb/s
WDM channels 8 64‐128 128‐256 128‐256
Channel Spacing 200 GHz 100‐50 GHz 50‐25 GHz 25 GHz
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 271. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- 5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.5 GENERATIONS OF OPTICAL COM.
Overall Capacity 20 Gb/s 1 Tb/s 5 Tb/s 10 Tb/s
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
FIBERFIBER‐‐OPTIC LOCALIZATIONOPTIC LOCALIZATIONFIBERFIBER OPTIC LOCALIZATIONOPTIC LOCALIZATION
Longh‐HaulLongh Haul (1000 km)
Regional (100 km)
Metropolitan (20 km)(20 km)
AccessAccess (10 km)
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 281. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
79 %
9 2 %
Ownership ?
9.2 %
6.6 %
5.2 %
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 291. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 301. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 311. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
1 %
3 6 %
68.6 %
25 %
3.6 %
1.6 %
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 321. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 331. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
FIBERFIBER--OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSOPTIC COMMUNICATIONSGCO
SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 341. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
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R id i l S i R iResidential Service Requirements
Application Downstream UpstreamApplication Downstream Upstream
HDTV(3 h 20 Mb/ ) 60 Mb/s < 1 Mb/s(3 per home at 20 Mb/s)standard TV 4.5 Mb/s
60 Mb/s < 1 Mb/s
O li G i 2 20 Mb/ 2 20 Mb/Online Gaming 2‐20 Mb/s 2‐20 Mb/s
VoIP Telephone(3 per home at 100 Kb/s)
0.3 Mb/s 0.3 Mb/s(3 per home at 100 Kb/s)
Data / email ... 10 Mb/s 10 Mb/s
DVD rentalDVD rental(download time < 10 minutes)
14 Mb/s < 1 Mb/s
TOTAL ~ 100 Mb/s ~ 30 Mb/s
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 351. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- F.O. LOCALIZATIONF.O. LOCALIZATION
TOTAL 100 Mb/s 30 Mb/s
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APPENDIXAPPENDIX
CMT 2005 data
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 361. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
P ió 12%
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 371. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
Penetració 12%
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 381. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 391. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 401. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 411. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 421. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 431. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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SPANISH SITUATION SPANISH SITUATION (CMT(CMT20052005))
27 SEPTEMBER 2010 slide 441. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIXAPPENDIX