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![Page 1: Tectonics, Geomorphology and Geologic Materials (The influence of the physical environment on watershed dynamics.) A Watershed Dynamics Tutorial © John.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649e3c5503460f94b2ee58/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tectonics, Geomorphology andGeologic Materials
(The influence of the physical environment on watershed dynamics.)
A Watershed Dynamics Tutorial
© John F. HermanceFebruary 9, 2003
(Images from Tasa Graphics among others)
Contact information:Jack HermanceEnvironmental Geophysics/HydrologyDepartment of Geological SciencesBrown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846Tel: 401-863-3830e-mail: [email protected]
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Regional tectonics can play a controlling role in local watershed dynamics.
(Images from Tasa Graphics cannot be used without permssion of the company.)
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Plate tectonics drives current orogenic activity.
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Orogenic activity is enhanced at plate boundaries.
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How does the “rock cycle” determine local water decisions?
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Understanding the evolution of geologic features, generically or on a site specific basis, can give insight into watershed
processes, hence water-related decisions.
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Understanding the evolution of geologic features, generically or on a site specific basis, can give insight into watershed
processes, hence water-related decisions.
Igneous rocksIgneous rocks
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Understanding the evolution of geologic features, generically or on a site specific basis, can give insight into watershed
processes, hence water-related decisions.
Metamorphic rocksMetamorphic rocks
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Understanding the evolution of geologic features, generically or on a site specific basis, can give insight into watershed
processes, hence water-related decisions.
Sedimentary rocksSedimentary rocks
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The Northwest US.
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The “Rock Cycle” Exposed.The “Rock Cycle” Exposed.
The Northwest US.
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Igneous rocksIgneous rocks
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Igneous rocksIgneous rocks
BatholithsBatholiths
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Intrusive igneous rocks
Intrusive igneous rocks
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Extrusive igneous rocks
Extrusive igneous rocks
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Metamorphic rocksMetamorphic rocks
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Sedimentary rocksSedimentary rocks
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The Northwest US.
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The Western US.
An Archetype ExampleAn Archetype Example
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The Western US.
Physiographic LandformsPhysiographic Landforms
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The Western US.
Basin & RangeBasin & Range
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The Western US.
Colorado PlateauColorado Plateau
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The Western US.
Snake River PlainSnake River Plain
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The Western US.
CascadesCascades
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The Western US.
Sierra NevadaSierra Nevada
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The Western US.
Southern RockiesSouthern Rockies
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The Western US.
Northern RockiesNorthern Rockies
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The Western US.
Rio Grande RiftRio Grande Rift
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The Western US.
California Central ValleyCalifornia Central Valley
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The Western US.
Southern Basin & RangeSouthern Basin & Range
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The Future(and the past).
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The Oldest Bedrock:Shield Areas of the World.
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“Basement”; then . . .
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“Basement”; now . . .
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“Basement”; now . . .Where or what is
“basement”?
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Evolution of the crust
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Grand Canyon Exposure as a Microcosm of the North American Crust
(From California to Massachusetts.)
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Next. we’ll look at the shallow unconsolidated section.
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We are interested in glacial features . . .
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. . . streambed features . . .
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. . . and fluvial deposits.
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Sedimentary sorting.
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Sedimentary sorting.
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Sedimentary sorting.
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(Back to metamorphism: Sediments are ephemeral.)
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(Metamorphic Grade.)
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A digression on glaciers.
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The Ice Age
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Maximum extent of glaciation.
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“Fossil” glacial features.
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“Fossil” glacial features.(Moraines.)
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Glacial landforms.
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Glacial rebound.
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Present day mountain glaciers (or not) as “keys to the past”.
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Present day mountain glaciers (or not) as “keys to the past”.
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Glacier in cross-section.
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Glacier in cross-section.
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Stresses in a glacier crossing a rock step.
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A tour of Canadian glacial forms.
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The Athabasca.
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A dry valley.
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A hanging glacier.
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A hanging glacier up-close.
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A trip up the Athabasca.(Note principal features.)
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The Ice Falls.
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The Ice Falls on approach.
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The Ice Falls on target.
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This is why we came here.
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This is why we came here.(Radio waves through ice?)
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This is why we came here.(Radio waves through ice?What does this have to do with NASA, and the Lunar Lander (Apollo Program)?)
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“Fossil” glacial landforms.
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Stream morphology.
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Stream morphology.
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Stream morphology.
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Meanders.
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Meanders - Flooded.
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Meanders - Flooded -
and buried.
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Stages of stream evolution.
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Stages of stream evolution.
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Stages of stream evolution.
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Deltas
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Deltas
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Drainage patterns driven by bedrock patterns.
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Current “geologic” processes can modify “current” hydrology.
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Mass movement can modify local hydrology &
vice versa.
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Affect of subsurface water on mass movement.
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Affect of subsurface water on mass movement.
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Affect of subsurface water on mass movement.
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Affect of subsurface water on mass movement.
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Affect of subsurface water on mass movement.
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Evolution of bedrock.
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Evolution of bedrock.
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Evolution of bedrock.
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The paradigm for subsurface hydrology.
Organic layer
Leached layer
Weathered bedrock
Bedrock
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Physiography of North America.
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Groundwater regions of the US. (Note concordance with geology.)
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End of Presentation(Tectonics, Geomorphology and
Geologic Materials)
© John F. Hermance; February 9, 2003
Go to Soil & Water.