ENERGY

Antonio López and Paula Moralo

INDEX● Energy definition● Types of energy● Energy sources● Renewable energy● Non-renewable energy● Types of power stations

● Wind turbine

ENERGY DEFINITIONThe energy

is the capacity of an object to doing a

work.

TYPES OF ENERGY

MECHANICAL ENERGYThere are two types of mechanical energy:Kinetic energy: is the energy that objects have when they are in motion. For example the wind mill.Potential energy: is the energy that the objects have when they are moved from their stable position of equilibrium. For example an arch.

ELECTRICAL ENERGYIt is the energy associated with an electrical current. For example high voltage network.

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGYThis energy is transported by electromagnetic waves.For example a television or a radio.

SOUND ENERGYIt is associated with sounds waves that are transmitted through vibrations. For example a megaphone.

CHEMICAL ENERGYChemical energy is stored in substances. It can be realasedor absorbed during chemical processes. For exampe a battery.

NUCLEAR ENERGYIts contained in the nuclei of atoms. It realised by a nuclear reaction. Also it can be called atomic energy.For example a nuclear power plant.

THERMAL OR CALORIFIC ENERGYIt comes from the vibration of particles in matter.For example a thermometer.

ENERGY SOURCES

ENERGY SOURCES

Energy sources are natural resources that provides different formes of energy.This energy is transformed for especific uses.Energy sources are classified into renewable and non-renewable sources.

NON-RENEWABLE SOURCESNon-renwable energy sources come from natural resources that are limited and we only can use them once. The main sources of energy that we use are:-Nuclear energy-Fosil fuels

-

NUCLEAR ENERGYProduction: this energy is stored in the nuclei of atoms, it is realised in the nuclear reaction that occurs in certain atoms. There are two kinds-Nuclear fusion: when two light nuclei joints two form a hevier nucleus.-Nuclear fission: When a heavy nucleus is divided into two lighter nuclei by bombarding it with neutrons.Transformation: nuclear power stations use fission energy.

COALExtraction: there are two methods for extracting it:-Open cast mines when the coal is close to the surface.-Underground mines when the mineral is burried deep below the surface.Transport: by sea, by land and by road.Uses:-For energy: to generate electricity.Nowadays: For central heating systemsIn the past: For street lighting

PETROLEUMIt is formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that have descomposed.Extracting: From land or under the sea, using pumps and the extraxted petroleum contains salt water, rock, mud and gas, so it is then purified.Storage and transport:-Oil tankers-Oil pipelines

NATURAL GASIt is a mixture of gases formed from descomposed plants and animals.Extraction: It is expenses to extract and it is extrated by drilling.Storage and transport:1.Natural gas is transported from gas fields by gas piperlines to a liquefaction plant2. It is convert into liquid.3.It is transformed in LNG carries.4.Then its returned to a gaseus state and it is transported once again through gas piperlines.Uses: It is used in industry and in homes to produce thermal energy and in thermal power station to obtain elecrtical energy.

RENEWABLE ENERGYIt comes from unlimited natural resources.There are differnet types:-Hydraulic energy-Solar energy-Wiind energy-Marine energy-Geothermal energy-Biomass energy-Energy produced from municipal solid waste

HYDRAULIC ENERGYThis is the mechanical energy produced by the movement of water.Production: We build dams to store river water.Transportation: Mos hydraulic energy is used to produce electricicy in hydroelectric power stations.Advantages: It is cheap, clean and non-pollutid.Desadvantages: Building power station is very expensive, if the dams breaks, there is a risk of a catastrophe...

SOLAR ENERGYIt is capable of taking advantage of light to convert it into chemical energy. Solar energy is produced by thermonuclear radiation from inside the sun.Advantages: It is clean, big power statioons are not needed and itś unlimited.Disadvantages: its variable source of energy, solar pannels are very expensive.

WIND ENERGYIt has used since ancient times to move sailing ships.Production and transportation: It is produced by the effect of radiation on the atmosphere. The wind's kinetic energy is converted into electricity.Advantages: It is unlimited and non-polluting, the cost of manteining at wind farms is low.Desadvanteges: It is a variable source of energy, wind turbines produce noise pollution...

MARINE ENERGYThere are several means for generating energy from the sea:Tidal energy can be extracted from the tides.

POWER STATIONSA power station is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.At the center of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power into electrical power.There are many types:-Nuclear Power Station-Thermal Power Station-Solar Power Station-Heolic Power Station-Hidraulic Power Station

NUCLEAR POWER STATIONA nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors.

THERMAL POWER STATION

A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven.

HYDRAULIC POWER STATIONIt´s generated by the pressure of falling water.

SOLAR POWER STATIONIt´s where the light is converted into chemical energy.

WIND POWER STATIONIt´s where the wind is transformed into energy.

Wind turbines have long produced renewable energy but a French engineering firm has discovered another eco-purpose for the towering structures. One turbine can produce up to 1,000 liters of water every day, depending on the level of humidity, temperature an

wind speeds.

WIND TURBINES

One turbine can produce up to 1,000 liters of water every day, depending on the level of humidity, temperature an

wind speeds.

REFERENCEwww.wikipedia.orgwww.tecno12-18.comtocnologies 1ºESO

BYE!