Techteach.no Simview Dc Motor Index

DC-Motor

Snapshot of the front panel of the simulator:

What is needed to run the the simulator? Read to get most recent information! Tips for using the simulator. The simulator: dc_motor.exe (click to download). The simulator runs immediately after the

download by clicking Open in the download window. Alternatively, you can first save a copy of the exe-file on any directory (folder) on your PC and then run the exe-file, which starts the simulator.

Introduction

DC-motors are used in many servo mechanisms. Compared to other electric motors, DC-motors are easy to model mathematically.

The DC-motor simulated is the Electro-Craft S-19-3AT which is an armature controlled DC-motor. The motor parameters are given on the front panel of the simulator.

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Theory

In the expressions below the following quantities are used: S is rotational speed. va is armature

voltage. ia is armature current. T

f is friction torque. T

L is load torque. J is the sum of the intertias

of the motor and the load, i.e. J = Jmotor

+ Jload

. B is the sum of the damping coefficients of motor

and load. La is the armature inductance. R

a is the armature resistance. K

e is the voltage constant

(the so called back-emf constant). KT

is the torque constant.

Dynamic model (differential equation)

A mathematical model of the motor can be found from the Kirchhoff's voltage law on the armature circuit and the torque balance of the mechanical rotation:

Kirchhoffs voltage law yields

(1) Ladi

a/dt = v

a- R

aia

- KeS

Torque balance yields

(2) JdS/dt = KT

ia

- BS - Tf

- TL

Transfer function model

By taking the Laplace transform of the model above we will find the following transfer function from armature voltage v

a to speed S:

(3) S(s)/va(s) = H(s) = K/[(s/

0) + 2s/

0) + 1]

where the parameters are as follows:

Gain:

(4) K = Kt/(K

tK

e+BR

a) [rpm/V]

Relative damping factor:

(5) = 0.5*(JRa+BL

a)/[sqrt(JL

a(K

tK

e+BR

a))]

Undamped resonance frequency:

(6) 0 = sqrt[(K

tK

e+BR

a)/(JL

a)] [rad/s]

Static model

By setting the derivatives in (1) and (2) equal to zero and eliminating ia, we get the following static

model (all variables are assumed to have constant values):



(7) S = [Kt/(K

tK

e+BR

a)]v

a- [R

a/(K

tK

e+BR

a)](T

f + T

L)

Tasks

1. Assume that the armature voltage va is 30 volt and that the motor parameters have values

equal to the default values (can be recalled using the menu Operate / Reinitialize All to Default on the front panel of the simulator).

a. Find the static speed (using simulation). b. Calculate the static speed from the static model (7). Is the answer in accordance with

the result found in task 1a? 2. See equation (5). How are the relative damping factor and the undamped resonance

frequency changed if the total inertia J increases? Is the result confirmed in a simulation (qualitatively)?

3. Confirm both from the model and from simulations that the statis speed is independent of the inertia.

4. Use the default values of the motor parameters.

a. What is the value of 0 (you can read it off from the simulator front panel)?

b. In general the response time (the 63% raise time of the step response) of a second order

system is approximately equal to 1.50 [sec]. Calculate from this the response time of

the motor. Is the result in accordance with a simulated step response?

[SimView] [TechTeach]

Updated 17. January 2008. Developed by Finn Haugen. E-mail: [email protected].



Techteach.no Simview Dc Motor Index

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