TechProgram_Dallas13

Technical Program

2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Jan. 26 – 30 M Dallas, Texas

Conference Paper Sessions will be finalized and the program numbered and posted online by Oct. 6

Technical Program

Preliminary

Sunday, Jan. 27 8 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.

Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

CONFERENCE PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)

Advances in Performance and Efficiency of Air Conditioning Systems Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 08.11 Unitary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Chair: Vance W. Payne, Ph.D., Member, NIST, Gaith-ersburg, MD

Air conditioning systems affect a variety of aspects of building performance, from en-ergy efficiency to IEQ. Methods and models to improve energy efficiency, IEQ and system performance are presented. These papers il-lustrate how new materials for component construction and use of modern refrigerants affect performance of air conditioning sys-tems. Performance Improvement of a Roof Top Air Conditioning Unit by Refrigerant Circuitry Optimization David Yashar, Ph.D., P.E., Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD

In this study, we demonstrated the performance improvement achieved by optimizing an evapora-tor’s refrigerant circuitry using evolutionary algo-rithms. The system used in this study was a Roof Top air conditioning Unit (RTU), which was designed to have a capacity of 7.5 tons. The RTU has a single air-to-refrigerant evaporator but consists of two split cycles having separate compressors, condensers, and thermostatic expansion valves (TXV).Generalized Performance Maps for Variable Speed Residential Heat Pumps (DA-13-C006) Simbarashe Nyika, Student Member1, Seth O. Holloway, Student Member1, James Braun, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1 and Travis Horton, Ph.D., Member1, (1)Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

This paper discusses a method of generating generic equipment models that capture the perfor-mance of families of similar equipment. Mapping was carried out for a family of three similar residen-tial split systems with central air distribution, and the correlations are being implemented as components for an hourly building simulation program. The units mapped ranged from 3 to 5 tons in nominal capacity. The performance mapping predicts the power con-sumption of the units based on indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, building heating or cool-ing load and an indoor air flow rate. The equipment models were based on and use a similar approach to the ASHRAE secondary toolkit direct expansion model, the DOE-2 model and EnergyPlus variable refrigerant flow model. Application of a Linear Fit Mixed System Rating Method for Single Speed Unitary Air Conditioners (DA-13-C007) Vance W. Payne, Ph.D., Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD


Innovative Energy Efficiency Strategies for Commercial Buildings Track: Energy ConservationChair: Michael Deru, Ph.D., Member, National Re-newable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

Commercial buildings are among the largest energy consumers in North America. This can be especially true for retail spaces. Several innovative strategies for minimizing energy consumption are presented along with case studies identifying the use of these strategies. Comparisons with DOE initiatives and ASHRAE standards, including 90.1, are included. High Efficiency Retrofit Lessons for Retail From a Supertarget Rois Langner, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

Retail buildings are responsible for approxi-mately 18% of energy consumed by commercial buildings in the United States. They offer a great opportunity for energy savings because of the similarity between retail stores, and because large companies have the ability to implement successful energy efficiency strategies across their vast portfo-lio of stores. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognized this potential and formed the Commer-cial Building Partnership (CBP) program to work with select companies in retail and commercial real estate to implement energy savings measures. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory partnered with Target under the CBP program to design and implement a retrofit of a SuperTarget in Thornton, Colorado. The result was a retrofit design that pre-dicted 35% energy savings over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004, and 29% energy savings over the exist-ing store operation.

Control Strategy for Minimizing Energy Usage with Economizer and Energy Recovery Systems Stephen J. Treado, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

This paper presents a new approach for con-trolling outdoor air economizer and energy recov-ery systems based on minimizing total energy in-put to the HVAC system including chiller, pumps and fans. The method utilizes the performance characteristics of the system components along with the outdoor and indoor air conditions to de-termine the optimum collection of setpoints and operating conditions. The method is demonstrated for some typical systems over a range of environ-mental conditions using detailed simulations and representative equipment characteristics. Potential energy savings due to improved control algorithms are presented and discussed. Implications on im-proved design and optimization of building econo-mizer and energy/enthalpy recovery systems are also summarized.

Whole Building Efficiency for Whole Foods Michael Deru, Ph.D., Member, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

Grocery stores and restaurants represent two of the most energy intensive commercial build-ing types. Some stores combine these two build-ing types under one roof creating a challenging combination of space and system types. However, these buildings also represent tremendous oppor-tunities to explore and demonstrate a variety of ef-ficiency measures. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognized this potential and formed the Commercial Building Partnership (CBP) program to work with select companies in retail and com-mercial real estate to explore and implement en-ergy savings measures across a large market. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory partnered with Whole Foods Market under the CBP program to design and implement a new store in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Manitoba Hydro Place: Energy Efficiency 2.0 Mark Pauls, P.Eng.1, Alexander Knirsch2, Tom Akerstream1 and Thomas Auer2, (1)Manitoba Hydro, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, (2)Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany

Manitoba Hydro Place, from a demand side, is the most energy-efficient office building in North America. Opened in Winnipeg, Canada in 2009, the 65,000 m², 22 story building was designed using an integrated design process with two key goals: to have the highest quality of space, and to reduce energy consumption by 60% compared to ASHRAE 90.1. These goals have been surpassed even with the challenge of Winnipeg’s extreme climate; with air temperature ranging from –35°C to 35°C annu-ally. The intention of this paper is to provide a case study of a project that could represent the future of high performance building design. Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Ask Not What Your Industrial Committee Can Do For You— Ask What You Can Do For Your Industrial Committee Track: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 09.02 Industrial Air Conditioning, 5.4, 5.8, 5.9, 9.3, 09.03 Transportation Air Conditioning Chair: Michael Connor, P.E., Member, Connor Engi-neering Solutions, Alpharetta, GA

ASHRAE’s Industrial and Transportation Committees are concerned with standards, handbook chapters and other publications and programs for environmental systems in in-dustrial facilities. These are among the oldest standing technical committees in our society. Industrial and Transportation facilities also of-fer the greatest potential for energy conserva-tion and resource conservation. According to the US Department of Energy, the Industrial and Transportation sectors of our economy are responsible for 59% of the total energy consumed in the USA (2010). Being “green” in this area has always been the custom as it represents good business: it lowers the cost of goods sold and increases the bottom line. This session will introduces ASHRAE’s Indus-trial and Transportation Technical Committees,

Visit www.ashrae.org/dallas for updated conference information.

TracksEnergy ConservationFacility Management: Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsHVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsHVAC&R Systems & Equipment

Industrial & Transportation Ventilation

Large Building Design

Refrigeration

Standards, Guidelines and Codes

A method employing the simultaneous solution of two linear fits is used to determine the rated cool-ing capacity and seasonal energy efficiency ratio, SEER, of outdoor unit and indoor unit air-conditioner combinations not previously tested as a complete system. The information presented here outlines the formulation of this method, verification of the method, and application of the method to produce ratings. For the examples presented here, the calcu-lated cooling capacity and SEER ratings were within ±3 % and ±5 %, respectively, of manufacturer test data. This method applies to split system residential air-source unitary air conditioners and heat pumps. The outdoor section is characterized by a single-speed compressor with single-phase, electric pow-er usage. The rated cooling capacity of the highest sales volume combination used in obtaining the rat-ings of the mixed system must be less than 19 050 W (65 000 Btu h-1). This method does not apply to systems employing multi-speed compressors or us-ing a load following control strategy (e.g., cylinder unloading, hot-gas bypass).

Volume Optimization of Polymer Tube-Bundle Heat Exchangers in Air-Heating Applications Lingjun Meng, Student Member1 and Anthony M. Jacobi, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1, (1)University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Tube-bundle heat exchangers are widely utilized in gas-to-gas and gas-to-liquid applications, and interest remains high in improving the efficiency of these heat exchangers. Due to excellent resistance to fouling and corrosion, polymer heat exchangers have been mainly applied under extreme working conditions, where such concerns are important. Recently, however, there has been interest in using polymer heat exchangers as a substitute for con-ventional metallic heat exchangers in more general applications. The present study explores the optimi-zation of bare polymer tube-bundle (PTB) heat ex-changers and determines the cost effectiveness of PTB heat exchangers through comparisons to con-ventional metallic heat exchangers using a Genetic Algorithm (GA).

Development and Validation of a Mechanistic Model for Variable-Speed Multi-Split Heat Pumps Howard Cheung, Student Member1, Simbarashe Nyika, Student Member1 and James Braun, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1, (1)Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

This paper presents a semi-empirical modeling approach that involves the use of physical represen-tations and parameter tuning to enable predictions of steady-state performance for variable refrigerant flow heat pumps systems that incorporate multiple indoor units having variable-speed fans. The sys-tem model is based on the use of semi-empirical component models where parameters are tuned using data. The semi-empirical models are built based on first principles but are simplified to speed up the computation. Deviations of the model from experimental data due to model simplification are corrected by tuning the heat transfer coefficients and charge at the system level with the experimental data. Control algorithms for the electronic expansion valve are also estimated based on experimental ob-servation. Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

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their activities and the latest green efforts in these sectors. This sessions also dis-cusses “hot button” issues facing these committees. TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation Kenneth R. Mead, Ph.D., P.E., Member, CDC- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH

TC 5.9 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities Greg Sanchez, P.E., Member, MTA New York City Transit, New York, NY

TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning Michael Connor, P.E., Member, Connor Engineering Solutions, Alpharetta, GA

TC 9.3 Transportation Air Conditioning

Richard Fox, Member, Honeywell Aerospace, Tempe, AZSunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (INTERMEDIATE)

Diagnosing and Fixing Building Moisture Problems— Case Histories From Hot & Humid ClimatesTrack: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 01.12 Moisture Management in Build-ings Chair: Steve Cornick, Member, National Re-search Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Moisture and humidity problems are of-ten a complex mixture of decisions made by different professionals at different times about HVAC systems, architecture and building operations. Untangling the causes of problems and planning solutions re-quires understanding of the typical interac-tions between the building and its HVAC systems plus an appreciation of the practi-cal aspects of operating buildings with lim-ited budgets. Case histories presented in this seminar can help building owners and facility managers avoid classic moisture problems and solve them when they occur. Diagnosing & Fixing a Major Mold Growth Problem in a Health Clinic Lew Harriman III, Fellow ASHRAE, Mason Grant, Portsmouth, NH

The Unintended Consequences of the New IGCC (Green Code) On HVAC and Mold Problems in Humid Climates George Dubose, Member, Liberty Building Forensics Group, Zellwood, FL

Sources and Solutions of Classic Moisture Problems—Lessons Learned in Hot & Humid Climates Raoul A. Webb, P.E., Member, ENVIRON International Corp., Tampa, FL Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Fundamental Pump Selection and Control Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 06.01 Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems Chair: Julia Keen, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

This seminar provides a quick review of common centrifugal pump types installed in HVAC systems and how they are select-ed, operated and controlled. It describes how to read and interpret manufacturers pump curves for a wealth of information. Centrifugal Pumping and Pump Types Reddy Palicharla, Aurora Pump/Pentair Water, North Aurora, IL

Pump Selection for Open and Closed Loop Systems Larry Konopacz, Xylem Bell & Gossett, Morton Grove, IL

Differential Pressure Controlled Pumps Niels Bidstrup, Ph.D., Grundfos Management A/S, Bjerringbro, Denmark, Bjerringbro, Denmark Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Heat Exchanger Tests with Alternative Refrigerants Track: RefrigerationSponsor: 08.04 Air-to-Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment Chair: Edward A. Vineyard, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Low global warming potential refriger-ants are a recent topic of interest as the

result of potential regulations limiting the use of existing refrigerants in many types of building equipment. Advantages and dis-advantages of several proposed alterna-tives, including hydrocarbons, ammonia, and CO2 will be discussed along with test results in equipment and heat exchangers. Evaluation of Alternative Refrigerant Performance in Air to Refrigerant Heat Exchangers Omar Abdelaziz, Ph.D., Associate Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Opportunities for Using Low GWP Refrigerants with Microchannel Heat Exchanger Technology Chad Bowers, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Creative Thermal Solutions, Urbana, IL

High Performance-Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants in Heat Exchangers for Residential Air-Source Heat Pump Systems Lorenzo Cremaschi, Ph.D., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Improving the IEQ in Public School ClassroomsTrack: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 02.03 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment, SSPC 62.1, Environmental Health Committee Chair: Gerald Lamping, Member, Take Care of Your Classroom Air (TCYCA), Boerne, TX

There are strong relationships between a school classroom’s healthy indoor en-vironment (IEQ) and its student wellness and productivity. The seminar describes why reductions in classroom contaminant levels are needed to create and maintain healthy schools. Arguments for the inclu-sion of contaminant level measurements in an IEQ improvement program, for re-ducing the amount of contaminants in a classroom, and for the implementation of a school environmental health program are also discussed. Recent research projects and actual case studies will substantiate the relationship between healthy public school classrooms and student atten-dance, health and performance. Schools As Pediatric Environments Larry Lowry, Ph.D., The Southwest Center for Pediatric Environmental Health (SWCPEH), Tyler, TX

Research Studies On IEQ in Classrooms Richard Shaughnessy, Ph.D., University of Tulsa: Indoor Air Program, Tulsa, OK

School IEQ Sensor Development and Application John J. Vasselli, The Texas Allergy, Indoor Environment, and Energy (TxAIRE) Institute, Tyler, TX

Elements of EPA’s School Environmental Health and IAQ Programs Stacy Murphy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Region 6, Dallas, TX Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Smart Methods to Prevent Electrical Harmonics Problems in Buildings Track: Large Building DesignSponsor: 01.11 Electric Motors and Motor Con-trol, 1.9 Electrical Systems, 09.01 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems Chair: Armin Hauer, Member, ebm-papst Inc., Farmington, CT

Granted, harmonics in electrical sys-tems have caused unforeseen problems. But overly cautious consultants insist on load-side harmonics mitigation devices even when they are not technically nec-essary and not economically justified. IEEE519 relates to electrical systems, while variable speed drives are just individual pieces in commercial building HVAC&R. This session provides practical guidance for applications of non-linear loads that are grid-operated and loads that are running off standby power supplies. Examples of reliable, economical, standard 6-pulse in-verter drives are contrasted against cases that should employ low harmonic drives.Proper Application of IEEE 519 Michael R. Olson, Member, ABB, Inc., New Berlin, WI

Economics of Low Harmonic Drives Jim Chmielewski, Member, Emerson Control Techniques, Eden Prairie, MN

Study of Two Large Building Harmonic Mitigation Cases Albert Archambault, Mirus International Inc., Brampton, ON, Canada

Sunday, 1/27, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 a.m.

TECHNICAL PLENARY (BASIC)

Ethical Practice by Engineers Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: 01.07 Business, Management & Gen-eral Legal Education Chair: Norm Maxwell, P.E., Member, Environmen-tal Air Quality, Great Neck, NY

This Technical Plenary Session will be discussing the day to day concerns that engineers should have regarding their dealings with the owners, contractors, manufacturers and other entities involved in normal communications for design and construction projects. With the advent of the requirement of Professional Develop-ment Hours for Professional Engineers, it has been noted by many of the states are requiring topics on ethics. It is antici-pated that this session will be an ongoing discussion of ethical concerns at future meetings ASHRAE Policies and Differences with Other Societies Richard Rooley, P.Eng., Presidential Member, Rooley Consultants, Bucks, United Kingdom

Profession Stamping of Plans and SpecifIcations Michael Bilderbeck, P.E., Member, Pickering, Inc., Memphis, TN

International Ethics Farooq Mehboob, Member, S Mehboob, Karachi, Pakistan

The Influence of Organizational Culture and Context on Conduct and Behavior Earnie Broughton, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX

Sunday, 1/27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 p.m.

TECHNICAL PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)

Towards Net-Zero Homes, Contemporary Building Materials to Improve Energy Efficiency Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 01.01 Thermodynamics and Psychro-metrics Chair: Mike McDermott, Member, Grumman Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL

Building materials play an important role in improving the energy efficiency of build-ings. The papers in this session investigate newer technologies and their impact on en-ergy efficiency. Understanding a Potential for Application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in Building Envelopes Jan Kosny, Ph.D., Member1 and Elizabeth Kossecka2, (1)Sustainable Energy Systems, Cambridge, MA, (2)Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland

Parametric Investigation of PCM Thermal Properties on Energy Demand of Buildings in Toronto M. Ebrahim Poulad, Student Member1 and Alan Fung1, (1)Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Evaluation of Calculation Models for Predicting Thermal Performance of Various Window Systems Yuichi Takemasa, Dr.Ing., P.Eng., Member1, Satoshi Togari, Ph.D.2, Katsuhiro Miura, Dr.Ing., Member1, Masahiro Katoh1, Masaya Hiraoka3 and Jun Owada2, (1)Building Environment Group, Kajima Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, (2)Katsuhiro Miura, Tokyo, Japan, (3)Kajima Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

A Ground-Coupled Dynamic Wall System for New and Existing Structures Utpal Roy1 and Lowell Lingo1, (1)Syracuse University - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse, NY Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Designing Automation and Control in HVAC Systems Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentChair: Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Twenty-first century buildings are fully integrated from an automation and con-trol perspective. Concepts of automated design and mechanical system control are fundamental requirements that engineers must incorporate. These techniques must also meet or exceed the modeled charac-teristics developed through complex simu-lation. Theory, practical application and case studies provide cutting edge tools for automation and control for engineers de-signing and retrofitting efficient and mod-ern buildings. The Concept of Automated Design of Buildings with Case Study Example Steven Snyder, Associate Member1, Marlin Addison, Member2 and T. Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE3, (1)Johnson Controls, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, (2)The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, (3)The Design School/The School of Sustainability, Tempe, AZ

Historically, detailed building energy simu-lation programs have been used to either per-form heating and cooling load calculations for HVAC equipment sizing purposes or to predict the whole building annual energy usage for a particular building design. Based on user inputs that describe the building and imported weath-er data, these software programs simulate the hourly building performance over the course of a year, and provide outputs such as energy usage by end use, utility costs, etc. The intent of an au-tomated design methodology is to use detailed building energy simulation programs in a differ-ent manner. This paper describes the concept of automated design and illustrates the approach with a case study example involving a medium sized office building where five design choices are to be analyzed.

Water Cooled Chiller Plant Design and Control Richard Franseen, P.E., Member, Honeywell Building Solutions, Charlotte, NC

The author presents a practical and usable engineering solution for the design and con-trol of optimum efficiency water cooled chiller plants. Many established design and control practices will be shown to be inefficient based on engineering and psychrometric principles, and new, simpler, control practices will be ex-plained. The paper uses the basic efficiency characteristics of chillers, cooling towers, and condenser water pumps to optimize design and control based on derivative efficiency, a con-cept that will be fully explained. The use of the all variable speed chiller plant is fully supported along with the value of primary and secondary chilled water pumping.

Uncertainty Propagation for Virtual Sensors Using Combination of Device’s Characteristic Curves and Physical Sensor Measurements Li Song, Ph.D., P.E., Member1 and Gang Wang, Ph.D., P.E., Member2, (1)University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, (2)University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL

Airflow and water flow rates are direct indica-tors of system load conditions, so they are criti-cal variables for dynamically controlling heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems under variations of different load conditions. Due to physical space and/or cost limitations, airflow and water flow rate measurements are not as adequate as needed. Several indirect air-flow and water flow measurements using HVAC equipment operational conditions have been developed to solve the challenge. Fans, cooling coils, pumps or control valves are used in the virtual airflow or water flow rate measurements. This paper is drafted to summarize the technical approaches adopted by available virtual airflow and water flow sensors and then to introduce a general uncertainty analysis method to analyze error propagations from all input independent variables to an output depend end variables and compare the uncertainties of different vir-tual flow meters. Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM

Technical Program 32013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical Program


SEMINAR (BASIC)

Commercial Kitchen Ventilation: The Design Process (Part 1)Track: HVAC Fundamentals and Applications Sponsor: 05.10 Kitchen Ventilation Chair: Richard T. Swierczyna, Associate Member, Food Service Technology Center, San Ramon, CA

This is the first of two seminars to ad-dress the design of commercial kitchen ventilation systems. This seminar presents the overall design process along with best practices for hood selection, filtration and exhaust air quality, duct design and fan considerations, and fire safety and protec-tion. Hood Selection and Appliances Derek W. Schrock, Member, Halton Co., Scottsville, KY

Exhaust Air Quality Russell R. Robison, Member, Gaylord Industries, Tualatin, OR

Exhaust Ductwork, Duct Design, Fan Considerations and Selection John Clark, P.E., Member, Karges-Faulconbridge, Inc., Minneapolis, MN

Fire Safety and Protection Michael Morgan, Associate Member, Captive Aire Systems, Allentown, PA Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Designing Energy Efficient Ventilation Systems for Transportation Using Jet Fans Track: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 05.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities, 05.01 Fans Chair: Greg Sanchez, P.E., Member, MTA New York City Transit, New York, NY

Tunnel ventilation of transportation sys-tems is key for public transport. Equip-ment used in such systems consume a lot of energy. Furthermore, energy efficiency becomes critical. This seminar presents some critical topics in dealing with the use of jet fans in tunnel ventilation, and how to efficiently design this critical transportation ventilation system. Efficiencies in Rail Tunnel Ventilation Design From Jet Fans Mark Colino, P.E., Member, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., New York, NY

Using Variable Frequency Drives in Jet Fan Systems for Tunnel Ventilation Robert Z. Smith, Member, Innerquest LLC, Dowagiac, MI

Specifications for High Temperature Testing of Fire Life Safety Fans: A Contrast and Comparison George A. Gamble, P.E., Member, Clarage, Akron, OH Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Foundation Heat Exchangers for Low Cost Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 06.08 Geothermal Heat Pumps and Energy Recovery Applications Chair: Michel Bernier, Ph.D., Member, Ecole Polytechnique De Montreal, Monreal, QC, Canada

Foundation heat exchangers (FHX) are an alternative to more costly ground heat exchangers utilized in ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems serving detached or semi-detached houses. FHX are placed within the excavation made for the base-ment and foundation along with other ex-cavations used for utility trenching. This seminar describes a model and its valida-tion against experimental measurements in two test houses in Tennessee. In addition, the effects of various US climates on the performance of FHX are reported. Foundation Heat Exchangers— Modeling and Validation Jeffrey Spitler, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

Foundation Heat Exchangers—Measurements at Two Test Houses in Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Piljae Im, Ph.D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Foundation Heat Exchangers - Feasible Climates for Utilization Daniel Fisher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Integrated Building Energy Retrofits Track: Energy Conservation Sponsor: 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Gregory Dobbs, Ph.D., Member, Pennsyl-vania State University, Philadelphia, PA

Energy retrofits in small and medium buildings are uncommon because the assessment cost is too high and energy conservation measure predictions are too uncertain. Moving beyond conventional lighting and simple-equipment retrofits yielding 10-20% improvement to achieve gains of 30-50% is not conceivable un-der current market conditions and without significant proof of performance. This is a highly-integrated problem focusing on modeling, assessment, project delivery, building science, technology integration, controls, public policy, market structures, education, workforce training, business models, capital formation and human be-havior. This seminar presents case studies and research on energy savings measures for commercial, institutional and multi-fam-ily buildings. Building 101 Case Study Richard Sweetser, Member, Exergy Partners Corp., Herndon, VA

Metering, Sub-Metering for Inverse Modeling, a Potential Tool for Risk Reduction in Integrated Building Retrofit Planning James Freihaut, Ph.D., Member, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA

Building Stock Data—Understanding the Region’s Building Energy Footprint Scott Wagner, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Moisture Control in Commissioning of New and Existing Buildings Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.09 Building Commissioning, 04.04 Building Materials and Building Envelope Per-formance Chair: Mike Eardley, P.E., Member, Cannon De-sign, Boston, MA

Moisture control in the commissioning process is based on project requirements for moisture problem avoidance, building assessment, field testing, and building sci-ence. This seminar focuses on the interac-tion of building systems that affect moisture in buildings and demonstrates important lessons learned by use of case studies. Providing Moisture Control Solutions in Building Commissioning Donald Snell, Member1 and George Dubose, Member1, (1)Liberty Building Forensics Group, Zellwood, FL

The Art and Science of Building Enclosure Commissioning Fiona Aldous, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., Irving, TX Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Smoothing Bumps on the Road to Net Zero Energy Buildings – Part 1 Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainability, 07.06 Building Energy Per-formance Chair: Ray Patenaude, P.E., Member, The Holmes Agency, Tierra Verde, FL

The road to net zero energy is paved with good intentions. Voluntary initiatives, consensus standards, mandatory codes, and government regulations are focus-ing more effort on setting worthy goals for sustainable buildings that engineers,

architects, and designers must ultimately achieve through real designs that work. Unfortunately, it will be challenging and of-ten impossible for many high performance buildings to achieve net zero energy con-sumption on their own. This seminar high-lights the significant value of cost-effective energy efficiency measures, while illustrat-ing the need for more flexibility in determin-ing and implementing energy targets for high performance buildings. The Role and Limits of Stretch Codes in Reducing Building Energy Consumption R. Christopher Mathis, Member, MC2 Mathis Consulting Company, Asheville, NC

Measured Home Performance: Moving Residential Energy Consumption Closer to Net Zero Lew Harriman III, Fellow ASHRAE, Mason Grant, Portsmouth, NH

Analysis of Energy Reduction Opportunities in a High Rise Office Building Neil P. Leslie, P.E., Member, Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, IL

Sunday, 1/27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 p.m.


Advanced Building Modeling Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP, Baltimore, MD

Advances in predictive modeling and commissioning have been paramount in energy and operational savings. The most current research on modern, predictive energy modeling including multi-room, 3D and uncommon-shaped spaces along with advances in automated building commis-sioning are presented. Predicting Annual Energy Use in Buildings Using Short-Term Monitoring: Dry Bulb Temperature Analysis (DBTA) Method T. Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE1, Vipul Singh, Student Member2 and Bass Abushakra, Ph.D., P.E., Member3, (1)The Design School/The School of Sustainability, Tempe, AZ, (2)The Green Engineer, Concord, MA, (3)Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI

Predicting Annual Energy Use in Buildings Using Short-Term Monitoring: The Hybrid Inverse Model Using Daily Data (HIM-D) T. Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE1, Vipul Singh, Student Member2 and Bass Abushakra, Ph.D., P.E., Member3, (1)The Design School/The School of Sustainability, Tempe, AZ, (2)The Green Engineer, Concord, MA, (3)Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI

A Statistical Approach to Detect Abnormal Building Energy Consumption with ABCAT Guanjing Lin, Student Member1 and David E. Claridge, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE1, (1)Texas A & M University, College Station, TX

The Integration of the Zonal Model POMA into a Dynamic Multi-Room Thermal Model to Improve Heating Energy Demand Prediction Ahmed Cherif Megri1 and Yang Yao, Ph.D., P.E.2, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, (2)Institute of Heat Pump and Air Conditioning Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

An Integrated Heat Transfer Attic and Multi-Room Thermal Building Model Yao Yu1 and Ahmed Cherif Megri1, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 PM


Advances in Efficient Residential DesignTrack: Energy ConservationChair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP, Baltimore, MD

From low GWP materials to energy effi-ciency, the design of residential buildings is advancing quickly. Novel design consider-ations and simulation analysis of advanced residential design are presented. Consider-ations including materials, life cycle costs and performance for high end to low in-come are included.

An Experimental Study of the Performance of New Low Global Warming Potential (LGWP) Refrigerants at Extreme High Temperature Ambient Conditions in Residential AC Ducted Split Systems Auvi Biswas, Student Member1, Atharva Barve, Student Member1 and Lorenzo Cremaschi, Ph.D., Member1, (1)Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

The novel refrigerants described in this paper were investigated as straight drop-in replace-ments for R410A and the refrigerant charge of each type of fluid was optimized at unit design operating conditions. The two novel develop-mental refrigerants yielded good COPs and cooling capacities with similar cycle pressures and often lower compressor discharge tempera-tures. Their charge in the system had to be care-fully adjusted for the tests at high temperature ambient conditions. With minor adjustments of the expansion valve of the unit, the refrigeration cycles with the two new developmental refriger-ants were optimally controlled and further im-provements of the capacity and energy perfor-mance were achieved.

Air Flow Regimes and Thermal Comfort In a Living Room Essam E. Khalil, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1 and Esmail ElBially, Ph.D.1, (1)Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to examine the air flow characteris-tics of a room with different supply air diffusers. The paper is devoted to numerically investigate the influence of location and number of air sup-ply and extracts openings on air flow properties in a typical seating room. As an input to the full-scale 3-D room model, a 2-D air supply diffuser model that supplies direction and magnitude of air flow into the room is developed. Air dis-tribution effect on thermal comfort parameters was investigated depending on changing the air supply diffusers type, angles and velocity. Air supply diffusers locations and number were also investigated.

Performance of Residential Building Energy Models Using Localized Weather Networks Michael J. Siemann, Student Member1 and Jungho Kim, Ph.D., Member1, (1)University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Customized building energy consumption forecasts can give home owners and building managers the information needed to operate residential HVAC systems efficiently in dynamic environments. Generating forecasts from con-ventional building energy models often requires extensive investment and computational effort. Necessary energy auditing, construction mate-rial measurements, and system monitoring can be difficult to justify for single residential units. Accuracy is also a concern when involving com-plexities like multiple temperature set points, degrading systems, and changing weather. This work investigates the performance of an energy model simple enough to implement it could break the residential barrier.

Energy Analysis of Habitat for Humanity Home Designs Brandon S. Field, Ph.D., Associate Member1 and Matthew McConnell, Student Member1, (1)University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN

Habitat for Humanity is a non-profit Chris-tian ministry that provides low-cost homes to low-income families. This paper describes a study done in cooperation with the local Habi-tat chapter to ensure that the houses that are built have low energy consumption to ease the burden of utility expense on the families. Two of the most popular house designs were mod-eled in the Trace 700 program to determine how much energy is required for heating and cool-ing. Modifications to the models were made including: orientation of the house, R-values of insulation in the walls, crawlspace and attic, U-values of the windows, conditioning and un-conditioning of the crawlspace and attic, and the set point of the thermostat; the effect of en-ergy usage from each of these modifications is reported.Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 PM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Commercial Kitchen Ventilation: The Design Process (Part 2) Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 05.10 Kitchen Ventilation Chair: Michael L. Watz Jr., P.E., Member, Green-heck Fan Corp, Schofield, WI

Second of two seminars addressing the design of commercial kitchen ventila-tion systems. Designing a ventilation sys-tem for a commercial kitchen can present many challenges. Several factors must be considered to make the system as effec-tive and efficient as possible. This seminar



covers the topics design considerations, HVAC load calculations, and three meth-ods of MUA considerations. In addition, the integration of commercial kitchen ventilation (including commercial kitchen demand-controlled ventilation) into the building HVAC system is discussed. Also presented are impacts of codes, stan-dards, and energy on the overall system design. The CKV Engineers Perspective: Incorporating the HVAC Load Calculations and the Replacement Air Into Your Overall Design Francis Kohout, P.E., Member, McDonald’s Corp., Oak Brook, IL

Integration of the CKV System with Building HVAC Don Fisher, P.Eng., Associate Member, Food Service Technology Center, San Ramon, CA

Kitchen Ventilation of Overall System Design - Codes, Standards, Energy Considerations Michael Morgan, Associate Member, Captive Aire Systems, Allentown, PA Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 PM


Desiccant Enhanced Air ConditioningTrack: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 08.12 Desiccant Dehumidification Equipment and Components Chair: Michael S. Sherber, P.E., Member, The Firma Group, Avon, CT

Liquid desiccant cooling and dehu-midification systems have the ability to provide significant energy savings and superior dehumidification performance over conventional compressor based air conditioning systems. Three different membrane based systems are discussed along with their performance and ability to prevent carryover. A fourth liquid desic-cant system based on plastic film finned tubes with wicking surfaces is also dis-cussed. Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioning Eric Kozubal, Member, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

A Liquid Membrane Air Conditioner Peter Vandermeulen, Associate Member, 7AC Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA

A Proof of Concept Model of a Liquid Desiccant Assisted Vapor Compression Air Conditioner Andrew Lowenstein, Ph.D., Member, AIL Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ

Membrane Energy Exchangers - Raising the Bar of Efficiency Blake Erb, Venmar CES, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 PM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

The First Standards on Legionnaires’ Disease: Why Cringe When You Can Be Prepared for Proposed Standard 188, Guideline 12 and CTI Guideline and Standard 159Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: 03.06 Water Treatment, SPC 188, 08.06 Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers Chair: Scott Mayes, LAKOS, Olathe, KS

There are several new standards either published or proposed on Legionnaires’ Disease. If you have been concerned about how these documents will affect you and your business or operations, this seminar is a must for you. Learn how to make use of these new tools to minimize your legal liability with respect to LD. Standard 188 William E. Pearson II, Member, Southeastern Labs, Raleigh, NC

Guideline 12 Janet Stout, Ph.D., Member, Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA

What CTI Standard 159 Will Mean to You Helen R. Cerra, Member1 and Paul Lindahl2, (1)ChemTreat, Inc., Glen Allen, VA, (2)TBA, TBA Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 PM


Tools and Methods to Manage Animal Research Facilities for Effective and Efficient Long-term OperationsTrack: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 02.02 Plant and Animal Environment, 09.10 Laboratory Systems Chair: Carol Donovan, Associate Member, Sebe-sta Blomberg & Associates, Woburn, MA

Animal research facilities and bio-safety laboratories present a unique chal-lenge to designers, owners and operators with their inherent complexity of systems, health and safety requirements, regulatory compliance, energy use intensity, and en-vironmental impacts. These mission criti-cal facilities require a unique approach to sustainability and energy saving strategies to ensure maximum system reliability and safe operations. The three papers present-ed in this seminar provide three perspec-tives to broaden our understanding of how sustainability options combined with qual-ity facility management achieve effective and efficient long-term operations. Information Tools for Long Term Sustainability in Labs James Coogan, P.E., Member, Siemens, Buffalo Grove, IL

ASU Biodesign Institute: Best-in-Class Sustainability and Energy Cost Controls for Research Facilities Mike McLeod1 and David Rausch, Associate Member2, (1)Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, (2)Phoenix Controls, Andover, MA

KSU’s Operating Assurance Model for Safety and Research Quality Scott Rusk, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 PM


Ventilation of the Industrial Environment Track: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 05.08 Industrial Ventilation Systems Chair: Gerhard Knutson, Ph.D., Knutson Ventila-tion, Edina, MN

Industrial facilities frequently generate airborne contaminates while adding value in the manufacturing process. To reduce any potential adverse consequence of contaminant release, industrial ventilation has become the mainstay of the engineer-ing controls. This seminar addresses engi-neering control new industries (nanomanu-facturing) and established industries (food and foundry). The seminar also introduces a new tool for design – computational fluid dynamics. Engineering Control Strategies for Nanomanufacturing Li-Ming Lo, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH

Engineering Controls in the Flavorings Industry that Focused on the Protection of Workers from Acquiring Popcorn Lung (Bronchiolitis obliterans) Alberto Garcia, United Boilers, San Juan, PR

Foundry Application – Removal of Triethylamines and Sand Simultaneously Raoul A. Webb, P.E., Member, ENVIRON International Corp., Tampa, FL

CFD Modeling of Ventilation of a Composting Facility Duncan Phyfe, Alden Research Laboratory, Alden, MA Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m. – 3 PM


What Mechanical Engineers Need to Know about Envelopes for High Performance Buildings Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 04.04 Building Materials and Building Envelope Performance Chair: Peter Adams, P.Eng., Member, Morrison Hershfield, Toronto, ON, Canada

High performance building design requires careful coordination between many parties, most notably the designer

of the building enclosure and the de-signer of the mechanical systems. This seminar explores the complex interac-tions between the interior environment, mechanical systems, and building enclo-sures, and demonstrate how mismatch-ing these systems can result in inefficient buildings with low durability and long-term performance. Heat, Air, and Moisture Migration in Building Enclosures Alex McGowan, P.Eng., Member, Levelton Consultants Ltd., Victoria, BC, Canada

Interior Building Environments and Their Impacts On Building Enclosures Hugo Hens, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Designing Retrofit Systems for Existing Buildings Sean O’Brien, P.E., Member, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Inc., New York, NY

Sunday, 1/27, 3:15 p.m. – 4:45 p.m.


The “Road Less Traveled” Becomes a Highway: Design-Build Execution of Cleanroom ProjectsTrack: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 09.11 Clean Spaces, TC 7.2 Design Build , 01.07 Business, Management & General Legal Education Chair: E. Mitchell Swann, P.E., Member, MDC Systems, Paoli, PA

Design-build has been growing in its popularity and frequency of use as a proj-ect delivery method; however, there are still some in the industry who remain skeptical about the use of design-build on technically complex projects. Cleanrooms are some of the most challenging HVAC projects you can encounter. This seminar presents a sample of cleanroom projects delivered us-ing a design-build approach. It points out the good points and the challenges in us-ing the D-B approach. It also covers both life science and microelectronics projects as well as offering us a view of project delivery in East Asia. Design-Build At 10,000 Feet (What Did I Get Myself Into?) E. Mitchell Swann, P.E., Member, MDC Systems, Paoli, PA

What Academic Institutions Don’t Know Will Cost Them Steve Penson, Austin Commercial, L.P., Dallas, TX

The View From the Middle Kingdom - Executing Design-Build in the China and East Asia Markets Selina Yi Yin, Shanghai Tofflon-Dehui Cleanroom and HVAC System Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China

Time to Make the Doughnuts - Delivering on Design-Build’s Promise in Cleanroom Projects Michael J. McCoy, Page Southerland Page, LLP, Dallas, TX

Monday, 1/28 8 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.

Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Development of Fundamentals for HVAC Design and Modeling Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentChair: Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Fundamental research is paramount for the development of predictive models and design for HVAC systems. Novel methods for determining fundamental information required for such design and modeling are presented.

Comparison of CFD Simulations of Hospital Operating Room (OR) Air Distribution with Experimental PIV Results Sheldon M. Jeter, Ph.D., P.E., Member1 and Tyler C. Stevenson1, (1)GWW School of Mechanical Engineering/Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA

An Infared Sphere Method to Measure Mean Radiant Temperature Christopher Leung, Affiliate1 and Hua Ge, Ph.D., P.E., Member1, (1)Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Thermostat Set Point Temperature Prediction Using an Integrated Zonal Model Yao Yu1 and Ahmed Cherif Megri1, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY

Pumping System Bypass Orifice Testing and Analysis Greg Towsley, Grundfos Pumps Corp., Olathe, KS, USA, Olathe, KS Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


From Predictive to Practice: Air Flow and Energy Studies Track: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 09.11 Clean Spaces, 05.08 Industrial Ventilation Systems Chair: Sarah E. Maston, P.E., Member, Advanced Building Performance, Hudson, MA

Predictive modeling has become vogue for engineers in the 21st century. Implemen-tation of predictive designs must be followed to ensure adequate models. Results provid-ing detailed studies on performance of the built environment based on predictive mod-els are presented. Cleanroom Pressurization Strategy Update: Quantification and Validation Of Minimum Pressure Differentials for Basic Configurations and Applications (RP-1344) Wei Sun, P.E., Member1, Keith Flyzik2 and John Mitchell3, (1)Engsysco Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, (2)Micro-Clean Inc., Bethlehem, PA, (3)Particle Measuring Systems Inc., Boulder, CO

Cleanroom Pressurization Strategy Update: Quantification and Validation of Minimum Pressure Differentials when Using Auxiliary Devices (Part 2) (RP-1344) Wei Sun, P.E., Member1, Keith Flyzik2 and John Mitchell3, (1)Engsysco Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, (2)Micro-Clean Inc., Bethlehem, PA, (3)Particle Measuring Systems Inc., Boulder, CO

Analysis of Transient Characteristics, Effectiveness, and Optimization of Cleanroom Airlocks (RP-1431) Wei Sun, P.E., Member1, Keith Flyzik2, John Mitchell3 and Aashish Watave4, (1)Engsysco Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, (2)Micro-Clean Inc., Bethlehem, PA, (3)Particle Measuring Systems Inc., Boulder, CO, (4)Ansys, Canon, PA

Energy Efficiency Improvements for a Large Tire Manufacturing Plant Jeremy Moyer1 and James Mathias, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member1, (1)Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL

Modeling of Proposed Changes to SIUC Central Heating, Air Conditioning, and Power Plant Incorporating Variable Frequency Drives and High Efficiency Turbine James Mathias, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member1, Heyin Su1 and Justin Harrell1, (1)Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Seismic Certification of Equipment: Code, Analysis and Testing Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: 02.07 Seismic and Wind Restraint Design Chair: E. Doug Fitts, P.E., Life Member, Fitts HVAC Consulting, LLC, Sunrise Beach, MO

The International Building Code and the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard ASCE 7 have directed all manu-factured equipment that must continue to function properly after a seismic event be certified for that purpose. The certification can be done by shake table testing of the equipment or by computational analysis. This seminar discusses the requirements of the Building Code and the ASCE 7 Standard and what is involved and re-quired with each method of the certifica-tion process.



The ABC’s of the IBC Seismic Compliance Robert E. Simmons, P.E., Member, Petra Seismic Design, LLC, Houston, TX

Special Seismic Certification Required for Active or Energized Components Per ASCE7 Section 13.2.2 John Giuliano, P.E., Member, The VMC Group, Bloomingdale, NJ

Seismic Qualification of HVACR Equipment by Analysis Dr. Scott D. Campbell, Ph.D., Member, Structural Analysis Consulting Group, Milwaukee, WI Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Smoothing Bumps on the Road to Net Zero Energy Buildings, Part 2 Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainability, 07.06 Building Energy Per-formance Chair: Neil P. Leslie, P.E., Member, Gas Technol-ogy Institute, Des Plaines, IL

The road to net zero energy is paved with good intentions. Voluntary initiatives, con-sensus standards, mandatory codes, and government regulations are focusing more effort on setting worthy goals for sustainable buildings that engineers, architects, and de-signers must ultimately achieve through real designs that work. While it will be challeng-ing for many high performance buildings to achieve net zero energy consumption, innovative designs can help. This seminar explores strategies for smoothing some of the bumps on the road to net zero energy in several specific applications by coupling energy efficiency technology options with on-site, neighborhood, or regional renew-able energy solutions. Trade Secrets for Making Deep Retrofits Work Kendra Tupper, P.E., Member, Rocky Mountain Institute, Boulder, CO

Building, Neighborhood, and Regional Energy Efficiency Solutions for Government Buildings Alexander Zhivov, Ph.D., Member, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Champaign, IL

Building Envelopes: The Final Frontier Ray Patenaude, P.E., Member, The Holmes Agency, Tierra Verde, FL

Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


The FM Perspective: Reducing Energy Consumption and the True Cost of Maintenance Track: Facility Management: Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management, 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs Chair: Angela Lewis, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Mem-ber, Facility Engineering Associates, Fairfax, VA

Energy consumption is often well rec-ognized as a part of sustainable, high performance building operations. How-ever, without proper maintenance it can be difficult to achieve high performance building operations goals. The focus of this session is to quantitatively dem-onstrate the true cost of maintenance within sustainable facility management and provide a case study of a successful sustainable facility management organi-zation. Quantitative data is used to build a case for the value of maintenance, in-cluding the overall cost of not performing maintenance and the impacts on energy consumption from not performing main-tenance. Sustainable Facility Management David Thomas, Austin Convention Center Department, Austin, TX

The Cost of Doing Nothing: The True Cost of Ignoring Your Energy Systems Matthew Mullen, P.E., Member, EMCOR Services New England Mechanical, Coventry, CT

Predicting Outcomes of Maintenance and Repair on Energy Conservation Jim Whittaker, P.E., Facility Engineering Associates, Fairfax, VA Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


The Future of Refrigerants: Policy and Technical Considerations Track: RefrigerationSponsor: 02.05 Global Climate Change; Co-Sponsor: TC 3.1, Refrigeration Committee Chair: Cynthia Gage, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, EPA, Rtp, NC

With the transition from chlorinated compounds to HFCs well underway, the re-frigerant market should have settled for the HVAC&R industry. But instead the market seems to be moving towards another tran-sition from HFCs to HFOs or natural refrig-erants. What are the international actions giving momentum to these next-generation refrigerants? What are the multiplicity of considerations that are important to refrig-erant selection? This seminar addresses the European, US, and international poli-cies which are impacting HFCs, HFOs, and natural refrigerants. It also discusses both technical and environmental factors impor-tant to refrigerant selection. European Experience of CFC, HCFC and HFC Restrictions Andy Pearson, Ph.D., Member, Star Refrigeration, Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Domestic and International Policy for HFCs and Next Generation Refrigerants Matthew Ritter, Member, Arkema Inc., King of Prussia, PA

Factors Driving Refrigerant Selection Douglas Reindl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, IRC, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

The Potential Unintended Conflicts Between Well-Intentioned Codes and the Physics of Hot Water Delivery Track: Standards, Guidelines and Codes Sponsor: 06.06 Service Water Heating Systems Chair: Ben Schoenbauer, Associate Member, Center for Energy and Environment, Minne-apolis, MN

This seminar presents the current state of hot water delivery as defined by sev-eral building, energy and plumbing codes, the guidance documents provided by the American Society of Plumbing Engineers and several relevant ASHRAE committees. Early in 2010, the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials pub-lished the Green Plumbing and Mechanical Code Supplement. This document dramat-ically reduced the allowable volume from the source of hot water to the fixtures to 32 ounces from a water heater or boiler or 16 ounces from a recirculation loop or heat traced line. It also promulgated a revised insulation requirement intended to result in equal heat loss per foot of pipe, regardless of the pipe diameter. The GPMCS set the standard to increase the performance of hot water delivery systems in terms of en-ergy, water and time by incorporating the results of research into hot water delivery systems into code language.Distribution Research and Plumbing Codes Gary Klein, Member, Affiliated International Management, LLC, Ek Grove, CA

Green Plumbing Code Pete Demarco, International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO), Dayton, NJ

Conflicts in Codes Shawn Martin, International Code Council, Davidson, NC Monday, January 28, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

When Is the Load Not What You Think? The Radiant Effect of Non-uniform Surface Temperatures Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 04.01 Load Calculation Data and Procedures Chair: Glenn Friedman, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA

This seminar describes different in-stances when a traditional load calculation is not the complete description of room heat gain and heat loss. The radiant effect of non-uniform surface temperatures, win-dow blinds and building internal mass shall be discussed. Load Impacts of Window Shades Charles S. Barnaby, Member, Wrightsoft Corp., Lexington, MA

Design Zone Cooling Loads for Radiant Systems Fred S. Bauman, P.E., Member1, Jingjuan Feng, Student Member1 and Stefano Schiavon, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member1, (1)Center for the Built Environment (CBE), University of California, Berkeley, CA

Furniture Daniel Fisher, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE1 and Edwin Lee, Student Member1, (1)Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

Monday, 1/28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 a.m.


Decoupling the Latent Load Through PsychometricsTrack: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: Student Activities Chair: Joel Primeau, P.Eng., Member, GENIVAR, Ottawa, ON, Canada

This session illustrates the psychomet-ric analysis for both human comfort and critical operation for many HVAC systems in commercial buildings. With the growth of Dedicated Outdoor Air systems used with many other HVAC systems (chilled beams, radiant cooling, fan coils, etc.), understand-ing how the space latent load is decoupled from the space sensible load is critical for proper HVAC system application, design, commissioning and operation. Within this session the space load is illustrated as a two part psychometric requirement where the latent load is shown separate such that the space sensible load could be handled via many HVAC approaches. Decoupling the Latent Load Through Psychometrics Douglas F. Zentz, Associate Member, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI Monday, January 28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Energy Targets for the Future Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: MTG.ET Energy TargetsChair: Don Brandt, Member, Trane Co., Phoe-nix, AZ

Energy Targets MTG members present the highlights of the Energy Targets Adhoc report and the research work statement. A research contractor was selected in the spring of 2012 and has begun the four step process of the modeling that is expected to take approximately 2 years to complete. A member that cares about our future energy usage will find this seminar of interest. ET Adhoc Report Update Richard D. Hermans, P.E., Member, McQuay International, Minneapolis, MN

Development of Maximum Technically Achievable Energy Targets for Commercial Buildings (Ultra-Low-Energy Use Buildings) Drury Crawley, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Bentley Systems, Inc., Washington, DC Monday, January 28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Grid-Interactive Thermal Energy Storage: Challenges and Lessons Learned with Real-Time Pricing Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 06.09 Thermal Storage Chair: Mike Filler, P.E., Member, Trane Co., Pueblo, CO

Smart grid has many different defini-tions; however, at its core will be the two way communication of information, includ-ing pricing, so that customers and utilities will be able to make informed decisions on

energy use and production. First, a case study in Texas is described, including re-sults, with an automatic control system that has been operating a building with ice storage on real-time pricing for the past 4 years. The second presentation details how grid-connected and integrated electric storage space heaters and water heaters, utilizing smart controls, can factor in real-time supply/demand imbalance and other critical needs of the grid. Using Ice Storage with Real Time Pricing: A Case Study From Texas Alan Ash, Member, Trane Co., Carrollton, TX

Cost-Effective, Grid-Interactive Thermal Energy Storage – Challenges and Lessons Learned in Pilot Trials Paul Steffes, P.E., Member, Steffes Corp., Dickinson, ND Monday, January 28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Make the Most of Your ASHRAE Experience Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: Conferences and Expositions Com-mittee Chair: Dunstan Macauley, P.E., Member, TAI Engineers, Owings Mills, MD

What’s the purpose of ASHRAE? How is it structured? What’s a TC, SPC and all the other acronymns I hear? Where is the AHR Expo? And, how does this all fit together? This seminar is perfect for first-time attend-ees or anyone else who would like to get more out of their ASHRAE Winter Confer-ence experience. Make the Most of Your ASHRAE Experience Dunstan Macauley, P.E., Member, TAI Engineers, Owings Mills, MDMonday, January 28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Outbreak: You Don’t Want a Part in This Movie—What to Do If You Find Legionella in Your Facility, Part 1 Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management, 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs Chair: Sonya Pouncy, Member, Member, De-troit, MI

Since 2000, the number of reported cases of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) has been escalating. LD is a potentially fatal lung infection caused by the aquatic bac-terium Legionella pneumophila. With wa-ter temperatures between 77°F and 108°F being favorable for growth, the bacteria have an affinity for cooling towers, hot water tanks, and other parts of HVAC and domestic water systems. Thus, they have become the bane of the facility manager’s existence. This two-part seminar address-es the legal risks and responsibilities, the minimum standard of care, advanced wa-ter treatment protocols, and “triple bottom line” impact considerations associated with preventing the deadly disease. Legionella and the Law: Legal Issues Associated with Legionnaires’ Disease Claims Steven D. Soden, J.D., Shook, Hardy and Bacon, LLP, Kansas City, MO

The Industry Standard of Care to Prevent the Legionellosis Associated with Building Water Systems Richard Rooley, P.Eng., Presidential Member, Rooley Consultants, Bucks, United Kingdom Monday, January 28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Reducing Industrial Exhaust System Energy Use Without Affecting PerformanceTrack: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 05.04 Industrial Process Air Cleaning (Air Pollution Control) Chair: Tim Hudson, Associate Member, Camfil Farr APC, Jonesboro, AR

Industrial exhaust systems are criticial to protecting workers from the ill effects



of harmful gasses and airborne contami-nates resulting from manufacturing opera-tions. Their performance can be improved by proper design and operation. The key considerations include: placement of the exhaust hoods to capture the generated contaminates effectively, efficient duct de-sign and proper selection of the air clean-ing device. Additional energy savings can be obtained by improving system control, applying recovered energy to the make-up air system and using more efficient equipment. This presentation discusses considerations for improving exhaust sys-tem performance while achieving a lower energy use. Applications and Mis-Applications of Energy Recovery Wayne Lawton, P.E., Member, Merrick & Company, Aurora, CO

How to Sell Your Industrial Energy Recovery Project Tom Axley, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN Monday, January 28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM

FORUM (INTERMEDIATE)

ASHRAE Apps: What Do You Want? Do They Need To Be Free? Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: Publications Committee, 01.05 Com-puter Applications Chair: Mick Schwedler, P.E., Member, Trane Co., La Crosse, WI

Many people use apps on their non-commercial cellular devices to help com-plete project work quickly. ASHRAE has a psychrometric app available today. What other apps do you want? How would they help your productivity? Can they help draw in younger engineers to the profession? Should they be developed by ASHRAE? Do they need to be free? Please come and share your thoughts.

Monday, January 28, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM

FORUM (BASIC)

Energy Monitoring of Systems and Equipment in ASHRAE Standards 90.1 and 189.1: How Far Should Building Codes Go? Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: SSPC 189.1 Chair: Wayne H. Stoppelmoor Jr., Member, Schneider Electric, Cedar Rapids, IA

Standard 189.1-2011, the ASHRAE standard for High Performance Green Buildings, includes mandatory require-ments for measurement devices with remote communication capability for energy sources above specified thresh-olds. Starting in 2013, ASHRAE Standard 90.1 will also require submetering of spe-cific equipment or systems, but its provi-sions are based on different criteria and thresholds. This forum seeks input from ASHRAE members on several issues related to energy consumption manage-ment in ASHRAE standards, including the purpose of metering, alignment of meter-ing provisions across standards, appro-priate thresholds for requiring system or equipment metering, creative compli-ance approaches, and usage of the me-tered data.

Monday, 1/28, 11 a.m. – 12 p.m.TECHNICAL PAPER SESSION

(INTERMEDIATE)

Optimizing Air-Cooled Systems for Data Center Applications Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentChair: Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

The papers in this session investigate options for maximizing the efficiencies of air cooled systems for data center applica-

tions. The papers analyze compressor ef-ficiency in mid-to-low outdoor air tempera-ture applications as well as improvements in heat rejection systems. Development of an Outdoor Air Cooling-Type Air-Cooled Package Air Conditioner for Data Centers Yosuke Udagawa1, Keisuke Sekiguchi1 and Tsuneo Uekusa1, (1)NTT Facilities, Tokyo, Japan

The Impact of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, and Operating Temperature Difference on Air Cooled Data Centers Keith Dunnavant, P.E., Member, Munters/Des Champs Laboratories, Buena Vista, VA Monday, January 28, 11 a.m. – 12 PM


Data Visualization 101 Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: Chris Balbach, P.E., Member, Performance Systems Development, Ithaca, NY

Energy use in existing buildings is most often related to influencing variables, such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, humidity and occupant schedules. Unfor-tunately, during the process of calibrating a simulation to an existing building’s energy use, the simulator needs to quickly and easily determine whether a misbehaving model is due to adjustment in factors re-lating to temperature, time-of-day, humidity or other unknown parameters. Most often simple graphs of an existing building’s en-ergy use are compared to similar param-eters from the simulation. This presenta-tion reviews graphical presentation do’s and don’ts, and presents several advance graphical display techniques that combine statistics and animations to more effec-tively display useful comparisons between actual and simulated data to assist the cali-bration process. Data Visualization 101—Getting the Right Graph for Your Purpose Jeff Haberl, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Texas A & M Energy Systems Lab, College Station, TX

Effective Data Visualization Joe Huang, Member, White Box Technologies, Moraga, CA Monday, January 28, 11 a.m. – 12 PM Monday, January 28, 11 a.m. – 12 PM


Future Directions in Sizing Residential and Small Commercial HVAC Equipment Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 06.03 Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems, TC9.5 , 08.11 Unitary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Chair: Jon Douglas, Member, Lennox Industries, Carrollton, TX

The seminar focuses on the key issues related to the sizing of modern residential and small commercial HVAC equipment. One presentation provides an overview of the recently updated industry accepted, residential and small commercial HVAC equipment sizing procedures (e.g. ACCA Manual S), which is referenced in energy codes and home performance contracting energy conservation programs. Another presentation focuses on research conduct-ed to justify greater sizing flexibility when sizing heat pumps in heating dominated climates to reduce back-up electric resis-tance heating, in climates where humid-ity control has been addressed or is not a critical design issue. A third presentation focuses on “sizing for humidity control” based on dehumidification modeling anal-ysis efforts conducted as part of ASHRAE RP-1449 An Overview of RP-1449 Energy Efficiency and Cost Assessment of Humidity Control Options for Residential Buildings Armin Rudd, Member, Building Science Corporation, Somerville, MA

Air Source Heat Pump Sizing in Heating Dominated Climates Michael Lubliner, Member, Washington State University Extension Energy Program, Olympia, WA

Capacity Oversizing Limits for Residential HVAC Applications Glenn Hourahan, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA), Arlington, VA Monday, January 28, 11 a.m. – 12 PM


Industry-Wide Efforts to Evaluate Lower GWP Refrigerants Track: RefrigerationSponsor: 03.01 Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants, MTG.LowGWP Chair: Barbara Minor, Member, DuPont, Wilm-ington, DE

Due to increasing concern about cli-mate change, members of the HVAC&R industry are working together coopera-tively to evaluate lower GWP refrigerant options and share results. This seminar provides updates on two specific efforts. First, the AHRI low-GWP AREP program is discussed, where over 30 refrigerant candidates are being evaluated by 20 par-ticipating companies globally. Second, a new Multi-Disciplinary Task Group (MTG) has been formed to coordinate ASHRAE research projects and programs related to lower GWP refrigerants. AHRI Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program Xudong Wang, Member, Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), Arlington, VA

Roadmap Towards Lower GWP Alternative Solutions for HVAC&R Omar Abdelaziz, Ph.D., Associate Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Monday, January 28, 11 a.m. – 12 PM


Outbreak: You Don’t Want a Part in This Movie—What to Do If You Find Legionella in Your Facility, Part 2 Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management, 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs Chair: Sonya Pouncy, Member, Member, De-troit, MI

Since 2000, the number of reported cases of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) has been escalating. LD is a potentially fatal lung infection caused by the aquatic bac-terium Legionella pneumophila. With wa-ter temperatures between 77°F and 108°F being favorable for growth, the bacteria have an affinity for cooling towers, hot water tanks, and other parts of HVAC and domestic water systems. Thus, the have become the bane of the facility manager’s existence. This two-part seminar address-es the legal risks and responsibilities, the minimum standard of care, advanced wa-ter treatment protocols, and “triple bottom line” impact considerations associated with preventing the deadly disease. Reducing the Risks From Legionella Michael Halpin, Nalco, Miami, FL

Where, Why and When Should an Owner Be Concerned with Legionella and Other Pathogens Jennifer Isenbeck, P.E., Sodexo, Tampa, FL Monday, January 28, 11 a.m. – 12 PM


Performance Contracting in Public Schools: Energy Conservation Methods that Lead to Superior Returns Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 7.02 HVAC&R Contractors and Design Build Firms Chair: Michael McLaughlin, P.E., Associate Mem-ber, Southland Industries, Dulles, VA

As Pennsylvania’s public schools face the competing challenges of budget defi-cits and aging buildings, they seek energy-based performance contracts that fund capital upgrades through cash flows cre-ated by guaranteed energy and opera-tional savings. By managing contractual energy guarantees, performance contrac-tors determine what energy conservation measures lead to superior returns. In this seminar, one contractor shares best prac-tices learned through retrofitting 15 mil-lion+ square feet of K-12 school space. Its case studies illustrate approaches to low-ering Energy Use Intensity (EUI) through

upgrades to HVAC, lighting, and building envelopes plus small-scale renewable en-ergy systems. Several unique geothermal design concept outcomes are shared. Performance Contracting in Public Schools: Energy Conservation Methods that Lead to Superior Returns Daniel Kerr, P.E., Member1 and Matthew G. Tressler, P.E., Member1, (1)McClure Co., Harrisburg, PA Monday, January 28, 11 a.m. – 12 PM

FORUM (ADVANCED)

Design of Atrium buildings Track: Large Building DesignSponsor: 09.08 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications, 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainability Chair: Frank A. Mills, P.E., Member, McGrath Mills Consulting Engineers, Leyland, United Kingdom

TC 9.8 proposes to develop a new chapter dealing with the design of Atrium Buildings. This focuses on all aspects in-cluding energy efficiency, passive solar design, integrated design and usage within various building types: hotels, residential, offices, retail, hospitals, etc. This form al-lows members to contribute to this aim.

Monday, 1/28, 2:30 p.m. – 4 p.m.


Dallas Conference Breaking News on 90.1, 62.1 and 189.1Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesChair: Jon J. Cohen, H-O-H Water Technology, Inc., Palatine, IL

For the first time, attendees will be the first to know and hear first-hand the newest updates to Standards 90.1, 62.1 and 189.1. Chairs of these standards will report on the actions their committees have taken during their meetings at the Dallas Conference. The updates provide current and valuable news you can take back to your office, such as what new addenda, interpretations and pub-lic reviews are planned. The session begins with a thought-provoking perspective on sev-eral alternative formats that could be used to create the next generation of more efficient energy codes and standards. Advantages and Disadvantage of Alternative Formats to Achieve More Efficient Energy Codes for Commercial Buildings (DA-13-C017) Michael Rosenberg, Member1, David R. Conover, Member1, Mark A. Halverson, Member1, Eric J. Makela1 and Zachary T. Taylor1, (1)Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA

Standard 90.1Stephen V. Skalko, P.E., Member, Portland Cement Association, Macon, GA

Standard 189.1Dennis Stanke, Member, Trane, La Crosse, WI

Standard 62.1Roger Hedrick, Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO

Tuesday, 1/29 8 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.

Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


System Impacts on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Track: Energy ConservationChair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP, Baltimore, MD

HVAC&R systems and equipment play an important role in maintaining the indoor environmental conditions in a building. The papers in this session investigate the impact of systems on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Optimal Control of Energy Recovery Ventilators During Cooling Season Mohammad Rasouli, Student Member1, Carey Simonson, Ph.D., P.E., Member1 and Robert W. Besant, Fellow Life Member1, (1)University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada



A Solar PV-Thermal Energy Design Optimization Study of a Building Footprint Limited Net-Zero Energy Facility James S. Cotton, Ph.D., P.E., Member1, R. Cuthbert1, F. Pan, Student Member1, K. Nieminen, Student Member1, Kelton Friedrich1 and D. Wilkinson, Ph.D., P.E.1, (1)McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Study the Degradation of Typical HVAC Materials, Filters and Components Irradiated by UVC Energy Robert E. Kauffman, Ph.D.1 and J. Douglas Wolf1, (1)University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

BIM for DummiesTrack: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Krishnan Gowri, Ph.D., Member, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Seattle, WA

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has transformed the construction indus-try to focus on integrated project delivery and interoperable data of the building. BIM is a mandatory requirement for new GSA building projects. The American In-stitute of Architects, the Association of General Contractors and other leading industry associations have embraced BIM as part of their business practices. However, for many ASHRAE members BIM is still a buzz word. TC 7.1 and BIM MTG have published a BIM Guide and working on research projects to increase the awareness and help members take advantage of BIM. This session brings together three international experts to provide an overview of BIM concepts, information exchange standards and practical application in a real building project. Getting Started with BIM: An Introduction Tim Dwyer, Fellow ASHRAE, Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Information Exchange Standards and Why You Should Care Robert J. Hitchcock, Member, Hitchcock Consulting, Kelsey, CA

BIM in Practice: A Case Study of Work Flow, Tools and Lessons Learned Michael Smith, BIMworks Inc., Lakewood, WA Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (ADVANCED)

Evaluating Particle Concentration and Distribution In Industrial and Transportation Ventilation Track: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Wangda Zuo, Ph.D., Associate Mem-ber, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

Public health and indoor air quality are major concerns of industrial and trans-portation ventilation. Particles concentra-tion and distribution are critical indicators of indoor air quality. Particle motion can also have adverse effects on industrial processes. The transportation, deposi-tion and resuspension of particles are under the impact of ventilation system, human activities, and buoyance force due to the thermal loads from human, different kinds of equipment, and solar radiation. This seminar discusses how to model the particle distribution under such complex conditions using modern com-puter technique. The presentations in this seminar provide some guidelines for bet-ter designs of industrial and transporta-tion ventilation.Resuspension of Particles Due to Falling Objects H. Ezzat Khalifa, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY

Modeling Expiratory Particles Transport in a Mechanical Ventilation Space Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

Comparison of RANS and LES Turbulence Models Applied in Person to Person Exposure Analysis Atila Novoselac, Ph.D., Associate, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Fellows Debate: Sustainability is Sustainable Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: College of Fellows Chair: Charles Culp, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Texas A&M University, Langford, TX, Richard Rooley, P.Eng., Presidential Member, Rooley Consultants, Bucks, United Kingdom, David Fisk, Ph.D., Impe-rial College London, London, United Kingdom

This is in the series of Fellows Debates. Opposing teams present the initial argu-ments on both sides of the sustainability dilemma. The audience then joins in the debate. There are real disagreements on the future direction of sustainability. Is there a need for engineers, construction profes-sionals, building owners, industry pressure groups and politicians to continue to have high profile activity, or is it now set fully on course? Have the pressures and proce-dures resulted in real sustainability, or is it a fiction? Is it possible to move sustainability to the next level, or has the effect on build-ings in use peaked? Larry Spielvogel, P.E., Fellow/Life Member, ASHRAE, Consulting Engineer, Bala Cynwyd, PA Bill Coad, P.E., Presidential/Fellow/Life Member ASHRAE, Coad Engineering Enterprises, St Louis, MO Victor Goldschmidt, Fellow ASHRAE, Consultant, Northport, MI Ronald Jarnagin, Presidential Member ASHRAE, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

How Federal and State Energy Policy Impact ASHRAE Members Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: Advocacy Committee Chair: Keith H. Reihl, P.E., Member, Reihl Engi-neering, Cypress, TX

Energy and energy efficiency have long been at the heart of ASHRAE’s standards development process and its federal gov-ernment affairs public policy efforts. Soon, they will be a primary focus of the Society’s grassroots government activities at the jurisdictional level. This session, centered around a moderated dialogue between energy policy and ASHRAE standards de-velopment experts, examines how federal and state government energy policy im-pacts ASHRAE and its members’ work on a day-to-day basis and the ways in which ASHRAE members may participate more fully in the crafting of laws and regulations guiding the HVAC&R field. Ample time is given for attendee questions for the panel. Federal Energy Efficiency Policy Kathleen Hogan, Ph.D., Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC

State and Local Energy Efficiency Policy Kateri Callahan, Alliance to Save Energy, Washington, DC

History, Current Status, and Possible Future of Standard 90.1 Stephen V. Skalko, P.E., Member, Portland Cement Association, Macon, GA Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Incentive Based Maintenance: How Utility Rebates Can Help You Maintain the Performance of Your HVAC Equipment Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management Chair: Sonya Pouncy, Member, Detroit, MI

Our national energy policy is de-signed to bring together communities, businesses and citizens to promote de-pendable, affordable and environmen-tally sound energy for our future. Local

utilities partake in this effort, in part, by offering energy optimization (EO) pro-grams that provide rebates to custom-ers implementing energy efficiency im-provements at their facilities. Most EO programs are equipment-based, but a growing number are incorporating HVAC maintenance measures into their portfo-lios. This seminar explores the financial and energy impacts of maintenance, the development of utility incented mainte-nance measures, and the opportunities and challenges that Standard 180 pres-ents in helping to achieve national ener-gy-saving goals. A Utility’s Perspective on an HVAC Market Transformation Program: SCE HVAC Optimization Mel Johnson, Southern California Edison, Rosemead, CA

The Economic Impact of O&M Management Robert G. Baker, BBJ Environmental Solutions, Riverview, FL

SCE HVAC Optimization: Operationalizing the ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180 Monica Thilges, PECI, Rosemead, CA

The SCE HVAC Optimization Program: A Service Contractor’s Implementation of ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180 Mike Gallagher, P.E., Member, Western Allied Corp., Santa Fe Springs, CA Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Sealed Systems Research Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 06.03 Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems, Education and Publishing Chair: Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

This session offers a select group of recently published papers from ASHRAE HVAC&R Research. Factors Affecting the Cylinder Displacement of a Wankel Compressor in a Micro-Cooling System Yilin Zhang, Student Member1 and Wen Wang, Ph.D., Member1, (1)Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Cooling of a Reciprocating Compressor Through OIL Atomization in the Cylinder Rodrigo Kremer1, Jader Barbosa, Ph.D., Member2 and Cesar Deschamps, Ph.D.3, (1)Embraco Compressors, Joinville, Brazil, (2)Federal University of Santa Catarina - Mechanical Engineering Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, (3)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

CO2 Transcritical Vapor Compression Cycle with Thermoelectric Subcooler Jonathan Schoenfeld, Ph.D., Member1, Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member2 and Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE2, (1)Glacier Bay, Union City, CA, (2)University of Maryland, College Park, MD Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (ADVANCED)

System and Components Performance and Efficiency with Low-GWP Refrigerants Track: RefrigerationSponsor: Refrigeration Committee, TC 03.01, TC 08.01, TC 10.07, 08.01 Positive Displacement Compressors Chair: Georgi S. Kazachki, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, CRYOTHERM Consulting, Atlanta, GA

The properties of the new Low-GWP refrigerants have an impact on the perfor-mance and efficiency of the refrigeration and air-conditioning systems and their components. The purpose of the seminar is to illustrate through theoretical and ex-perimental results the design approaches leading to an uncompromised system and components performance and efficiency compared to the current refrigerants. The subject of the seminar includes also the performance and efficiency of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems with natural refrigerants, which have the lowest GWP and are a well-established viable alterna-tive to the current refrigerants with high GWP in many applications.

Testing of Low GWP R-404A Alternatives in Commercial Refrigeration Systems Barbara Minor, Member, DuPont, Wilmington, DE

Developments in Very Low-GWP Refrigerants for Stationary HVAC&R Systems Brett L. Van Horn, Ph.D., Member, Arkema, King of Prussia, PA

Technology Issues Regarding Refrigeration Blends Gustavo Pottker, Member, FHoneywell - Buffalo Research Laboratory, Buffalo, NY

A Multifunctional Two-Stage Transcritical CO2 System with Parallel Compression Klaas Visser, Member, KAV Consulting Pty. Ltd., Kangaroo Flat, Australia

Tuesday, 1/29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 a.m.


Cool Tools for Building Modeling Applications Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsChair: Bill Dean, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

HVAC systems usually consume the largest portion of energy in buildings. Op-timizing the building envelope can lead to “right-sizing” systems and equipment which can result in improved efficiency. The papers in this session investigate building modeling applications that lead to overall system efficiency.Archi Bond Graphs: The Connection Between Spatial Representation and Technical Representation Wim Zeiler1, Rik Maaijen1 and Gert Boxwm1, (1)TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands

Often the real energy usage of a building is much higher that was expected from the design calculations. Even when all the imperfections of the design and building itself are improved there is a difference in outcome between theory and practice. More and more, the insight grows that this might be caused by the fact that the actual human behavior is not fully incorporated within the calculations. Thus, the challenge for the coming years is to find innovative solutions for technology and organizational forms, particularly for the management of building and installations, to include the human behavior.

Intelligent Model Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis for HVAC Systems Using Statistical Machine Learning Methods Ying Guo, Ph.D.1, Josh Wall, Ph.D., Member2, Jiaming Li2 and Sam West2, (1)CSIRO, Sydney, Australia, (2)CSIRO, Newcastle, Australia

HVAC systems usually consume the largest portion of energy in buildings for both industry and domestic domains. It is reported (Wang et al., 2010) that the air-conditioning of buildings accounts for 28% of the total energy end use of commercial sectors. From 15% to 30% of the energy waste in commercial buildings is due to the performance degradation, improper control strategy and malfunctions of HVAC systems. A number of FDD methods and applications were assembled to detect and prevent the faults fur-ther (Dexter and Pakanen, 2001). Now it is well recognized that FDD is very important in ensur-ing the safety of the HVAC systems, improving user comfort, improving energy efficiency, and reducing operating and maintenance costs (House and Kelly, 2000). This paper proposes a new method by applying the statistical machine learning based FDD method with the data fusion methods. Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Hydraulic ModelingTrack: Large Building DesignSponsor: 09.01 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems, 06.01 Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems Chair: William Klock, P.E., Member, EEA Consult-ing Engineers, Austin, TX

This seminar discusses the use of hy-draulic modeling, both as a tool for new projects and for identifying problems in existing systems. Hydraulic modeling pro-vides another tool for practitioners and



owners to understand how system compo-nents interact with one another. This knowl-edge then allows for proper design and operation of hydraulic systems. What Is Hydraulic Modeling? Joe Simmons, P.E., Member, HVAC Solutions, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT

Hydraulic Modeling of a University Chilled Water System Morgan Stinson, P.E., Member, EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


If Failure is Random, Why Does it Happen Quicker When the Budget is Cut?Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs, 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management Chair: Charles E. Dale-Derks, P.E., Member, Mc-Clure Engineering, St. Charles, MO

The deterioration of the equipment with age is modeled as a random process; therefore, how can maintenance reduce or have an impact on failures? This seminar discusses interval maintenance, predictive maintenance, corrective maintenance, re-active maintenance, and more. Real World Cell Tower Maintenance Matthew Mullen, P.E., Member, EMCOR Services New England Mechanical, Coventry, CT

Maintenance Mayhem Keith H. Reihl, P.E., Member, Reihl Engineering, Cypress, TX Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Optimization in HVAC Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: TG1 Optimization, Education and Publishing Chair: Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

This session is a selection of two papers in a special collection of papers on optimi-zation published by ASHRAE HVAC&R Re-search. Auto-Calibration and Control Strategy Determination for a Variable-Speed Heat Pump Water Heater Using Optimization Bo Shen1, Omar Abdelaziz, Ph.D., Associate Member1 and Keith Rice1, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Optimal Coordination of Heat > Pump Compressor and Fan Speeds and Subcooling Over a Wide Range of Loads and Conditions Tea Zakula, Student Member1, Peter Armstrong, Ph.D., Member2 and Leslie Norford, Ph.D., Member3, (1)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, (2)Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, (3)Massachusetts Institution of Technology, Cambridge, MA Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


The Mission Critical Data Center: Resetting the Definition and the Human Element Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 09.09 Mission Critical Facilities, Tech-nology Spaces and Electronic Equipment Chair: Nick Gangemi, P.E., Member, Facility Gateway Corp., Madison, WI

Technology has changed. There is more technology in a Ford F-150 than in the orig-inal Mercury capsule. You have 64 GB of music in your pocket with more process-ing power than a 1970’s era mainframe and 1 TB of storage on your desktop at home. This seminar will review where data centers have been, where they are today and what is in store for the future. Performance met-rics and regulatory requirements are also addressed. And one final goal: to create a foundation for defining the data center/mission critical/IT space and the compo-nents in the room that lead to continued discussion and updating as new products, services and efficiencies are realized in the future.

The Mission Critical Data Center: Resetting the Definition Herb Villa, Member, DC Professional Development, Newark, NJ

Data Centers: The Human Element Robert Tozer, Ph.D., Member, Operational Intelligence Ltd., Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM

FORUM (BASIC)

Specifying BAS Networks and Integration: Ensure that Guideline 13 Provides the Guidance You Need! Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: 01.04 Control Theory and Application Chair: Chariti Young, Member, Automated Logic Corp., Kennesaw, GA

Guideline 13 provides recommenda-tions for specifying building automation systems, as well as recommendations for specifying integration of other building systems into a building automation sys-tem. Since this Guideline was originally published, the landscape of networks and integration has changed significantly as existing technologies and architec-tures have matured and additional sys-tem architectures have emerged. SGPC 13 is updating Guideline 13 to provide better and more current guidance for specifying BAS network infrastructure and integration. Come share your experi-ences and pain in these arenas to help shape the future direction of the Guide-line and ensure that the update will ad-dress your needs.

Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


The DOE Buildings Performance Database: How Can It Help You and How Can You Help It? Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.06 Building Energy Performance Chair: Kris Subbarao, Ph.D., Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA-Cody Taylor, Department of Energy, Washington, DC

The DOE’s Buildings Performance Database is a decision-support platform that enables engineering and financial practitioners to benchmark and evalu-ate, through an actuarial method, ener-gy efficiency retrofits in commercial and residential buildings. In addition to the database, it has tools for Energy Perfor-mance Forecasting Tool and Financial Forecasting. The Energy Tool provides, from the peer group in the database, the energy savings probability distribution for a building or portfolio of buildings based on a selection of different efficiency mea-sures. The forum is to stimulate discus-sions on making the BPD more useful, and contributing data to the BPD to en-hance its value.

Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


What Contaminates are Important in Low GWP Refrigerant Systems?Track: RefrigerationSponsor: 03.03 Refrigerant Contaminant Control, AHRI 700, 03.02 Refrigerant System Chemistry Chair: Robert W. Yost, Member, National Refriger-ants, Rosenhayen, NJ

HVAC&R systems using low GWP re-frigerants are likely to be sensitive to con-taminates in ways different than traditional systems. This forum discusses the con-taminates most likely to affect system reli-ability with low GWP refrigerants, and what acceptable levels of contaminates may be needed. Methods to control these contami-nates will also be discussed.

Tuesday, 1/29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 p.m.


Residential Design for Improved Performance Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsChair: Mike McDermott, Member, Grumman Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL

Current design of residential HVAC and hot water heating to meet advanced en-ergy and design requirements is present-ed. Methods of achieving modern energy standards while maintaining environmental comfort factors for homeowners are incor-porated in these studies. VAV System Integrated with Thermal Storage System Application to Residential Building Qing Zhang1 and Ahmed Cherif Megri2, (1)University of Wyoming, Lamamie, WY, (2)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY

Inter Unit Heat Flows in a Residence During District Heating in a Multistory Residential Building Milorad Bojic, Student Member, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

Monitored Performance of Advanced Gas Water Heaters in California Homes Marc A. Hoeschele, P.E., Davis Energy Group, Davis, CA

Least Cost Upgrade Solutions to Achieve Improved Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential New Housing in Canada Aya Dembo, Student Member1, Farhan Khaddad2 and Alan Fung2, (1)Ryerson University Architectural Science, Toronto, ON, Canada, (2)Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada

A Heat Transfer Model for Energy Analysis of a Basement Used as a Living Space Ahmed Cherif Megri1, Yao Yu1 and Qing Zhang2, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, (2)University of Wyoming, Lamamie, WY Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Designing for Energy Conservation and Operational Cost Reduction Track: Energy ConservationChair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP, Baltimore, MD

Environmental considerations are of-ten balanced with capital and operational costs. Performance costing and life-cycle analysis are important tools to consider, as well as efficiency technologies. Energy and cost saving studies and methodologies for HVAC engineers and operations personnel are presented. Life Cycle Performance Costing Based Building Design Decision Support Wim Zeiler1, Rik Maaijen1 and Wim Maassen2, (1)TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands, (2)Royal Haskoning DHV, Rotterdam, Netherlands

A Life Cycle Performance Costing deci-sion support tool was developed to assess possible design solutions. The tool shows the advantages of more sustainable and healthier solutions on the long run and so accelerates the possible application of these solutions. The tool supports the design team during the early stages of the design with the selection of innovative building design solutions (in-cluding adjustments and changes over time) considering a longer period. It uses a dynam-ic instead of a traditional static approach, which consists of a Life Cycle Performance Costs calculation based on discounted cash flows and the use of scenarios. Two examples will be presented: one about selecting a room conditionings concept and one about the selection of an energy generation concept for a building. This demonstrates the added value of making a comparison of alternative solutions based on the life cycle performance costing performances of different building services designs. Dedicated Outside Air System (DOAS): Design vs. Actual Operation - Are Aggressive Energy Targets Achievable? Jason J. Burbank, P.E., Associate Member1, Justin M. Marmaras, Student Member1 and Dragoljub B. Kosanovic, Ph.D.1, (1)University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA

A ground source heat pump and heat wheel energy recovery rooftop unit was used for a DOAS in a LEED Gold campus police station. Electrical submetering and a comprehensive EQuest energy model allowed detailed com-parison of predicted to actual building energy performance. The DOAS was found to be op-erating greatly in excess of its modeled fan and compressor horsepower. Although some 40 zones of terminal air control should have reduced airflow at partial occupancy by utiliz-ing demand controlled ventilation strategies, very little turndown was observed during those periods. Lessons learned are described, in-cluding which specific details are necessary in our code, required design intent, and basis of design documents to achieve a successful project.

Comparison of Data Center Classes on Energy Use John C. Peterson, P.E., Member1 and Doug McLellan, P.E., Member1, (1)Hewlett Packard, Takoma Park, MD

The whitepaper, 2011 Thermal Guidelines for Liquid Cooled Data Processing Environ-ments prepared by Technical Committee (TC) 9.9 Mission Critical Facilities, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment, proposed five (5) classes of water cooled IT equipment, based on entering cooling water temperatures. Currently most water cooled options available are within the described W1 and W2 classes. Classes W3 and W4 operate at higher tempera-tures and would significantly reduce the need for mechanical cooling. W4 eliminates the need for a chiller to remove heat, instead relying on heat rejection directly through a cooling tower. W5 is intended to also reduce mechanical cool-ing and provides the opportunity for heat recov-ery to heat buildings. This study will compare the energy savings of the different class servers in the same data center. The basis of compari-son will be a data center populated with class W1 equipment and this energy use will be com-pared to the energy used when populated with classes W2, W3, W4, and W5.

Impact of Ice Thermal Storage on HVAC Cooling Energy Cost Nabil Nassif, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC

Ice thermal storage is promising technology to reduce energy costs by shifting the cooling cost from on-peak to off-peak periods. The paper discusses the application of ice thermal storage and its impact on energy consump-tion, demand, and total energy cost. Detailed simulation studies following by a case study of real office building located near Orlando, FL including the actual monthly utility bills are pre-sented. The study considers the effect of the ice thermal storage on the chiller performance and the associated energy cost and demon-strates the cost saving achieved from the ice storage applications. A whole building energy simulation model eQUEST is used to generate the hourly cooling load for both design day and entire year. Other collected variables such as condenser entering water temperature, chilled water leaving temperature, outdoor air dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures are used as inputs to a chiller model based on DOE-2 chiller mod-el to determine the associated cooling energy use.

Using Locational Marginal Pricing to Implement Peak Load Shifting with a Grid Connected Water Heater Harshal Upadhye, Associate Member1, Ronald Domitrovic, Ph.D., Associate Member1 and Ammi Amarnath2, (1)Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN, (2)Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA

Independent System Operators (ISO’s) and Regional Transmission Organizations (RTO’s), among other activities, coordinate the buying, selling and delivery of wholesale electricity within the geographical regions that they operate. The price of wholesale energy varies by time and also by location because of the cost associated with generating and delivering electricity to different locations. Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) is a way to reflect these locational cost differences. A number of utilities already have load control pro-grams incorporating electric storage-type water heaters. The availability of low cost control de-vices, increased connectivity and emergence of energy markets has further opened avenues for peak load shifting with electric resistance water heaters. A storage-type electric resistance wa-ter heater can now communicate with a remote server which can decide on when to charge the water heater and at what rate. Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM




Numerical Methods for Noise and Vibration Simulation of HVAC&R Systems Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and SustainabilityChair: Curt Eichelberger, P.E., Member, Johnson Controls, York, PA

The challenge for high performance building design is to balance sustainability or “green” objectives with traditional indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Of all the IEQ factors surveyed in over 350 buildings by the CBE, the one causing the greatest oc-cupant dissatisfaction is acoustics, includ-ing both noise level and speech privacy issues. This session includes two papers that apply finite element (FE) and statically energy analysis (SEA) numerical methods to model the sound attenuation of two very important HVAC air distribution elements; plena and ducts. A third paper applies structural FE methods to the development of refrigerant piping in HVAC equipment, with the goal of lower vibration and better reliability. Prediction of Insertion Loss of Plenums Above the Plane Wave Cutoff Frequency D. W. Herrin, Ph.D., P.E., Member1 and S. Ramalingam, Student Member1, (1)University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

The finite element method is utilized to pre-dict the insertion loss of plenums. Insertion loss is determined by comparing the transmitted sound power at the termination with and with-out a plenum instead into the duct system. The boundary condition for the duct system on the source side is a diffuse or reverberant field, and a baffled termination is assumed. Simulation re-sults are compared to published measurement results for HVAC plenum with good agreement. Additionally, the results are compared to the ASHRAE Handbook equations and an empiri-cal model (ASHRAE RP-1026). The approach is appropriate both above the plane wave cutoff frequency and frequencies just below the cutoff, and are demonstrably superior to the Handbook and empirical model.

Using Statistical Energy Analysis to Analyze Sound and Vibration Energy Propagation In HVAC Ducts S. Ramalingam, Student Member1 and D. W. Herrin, Ph.D., P.E., Member1, (1)University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a lumped parameter power balance technique that has been successfully applied to noise and vibration problems in industry for the past two decades. This paper demonstrates the application of the method for the primary paths of sound and vi-bration energy propagation in ducts. The direct airborne path through an HVAC duct system was examined by comparing SEA results to mea-sured results from ASHRAE RP-1026. Insertion loss was selected as a metric and results com-pared favorably at frequencies above the plane wave cutoff. Limitations at low frequencies and for complicated duct geometries are identified. In many instances, the dominant energy path will be the vibrational energy propagation through the structure itself from machinery. This path was examined by exciting the walls of the afore-mentioned air handler using an electromagnetic shaker.

Numerical Vibration Simulation Applied to the Design of HVAC Refrigeration Piping Systems Jack Wang, Member, Ingersol Rand, La Cross, WI

Numerical simulation modeling has be-come a very important and integral part of product design process. One of the significant product reliability risks for HVAC systems is vibration fatigue failure of refrigeration piping systems. Excessive refrigerant line vibration can ultimately result in cracks or joint failures and loss of refrigerant charge. To mitigate this risk, numerical simulation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is conducted to calculate pip-ing resonances and their associated stress levels. Using numerical models, it is possible to identify potential resonance problems, and refine the piping system design prior to making prototype units. This paper presents a description of the FEA simulation process, including key modeling assumptions, as well as examples of how the models correlate with test. Production unit statistics confirm that vi-bration simulation can significantly reduce the risk of the fatigue failure. Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Cutting-Edge Japanese Technologies (HVAC&R Systems and Equipment): Japan, Two Years After the Earthquake and SHASE-Awarded HVAC&R Systems Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentChair: Shinsuke Kato, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science, Tokyo, Japan

Since the March 2011 Great East Ja-pan Earthquake, the Japanese design concept of HVAC systems and their oper-ation has dramatically changed. A broad view of these changes is introduced as a keynote lecture topic. A couple of the SHASE-awarded buildings will be intro-duced, including: a ductless HVAC sys-tem using a Coanda effect and horizontal cooling panel for storing herb medicine in Yubari, Hokkaido; and an HVAC design with an energy security and reliability concept How Did the Situation Involving the Japanese HVAC System and Office Environment Change After the Great East Japan Earthquake? Shin-ichi Tanabe, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Department of Architecture, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Ductless Air-Conditioning System Using a Coandã Effect and a Horizontal Cooling Panel for Herb Medicine Storage in Yubari Project Daisuke Shibuya, Taisei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

The Reliability of the Energy Supply and the Latest Building Equipment Plan for Large Buildings in Osaka Yu-suke Miyazaki, Kajima Corporation, Osaka, Japan Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Deep Energy Retrofit Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Ery Djunaedy, Ph.D., Member, University of Idaho, Boise, ID

Our existing building infrastructure con-sumes tremendous energy resources. This creates an opportunity for conservation on an expansive scale if progress can be made toward identifying a replicable tech-nical and economic template for deep-en-ergy renovations. Fundamentally, this is a question about what our existing buildings of today will be and how they will operate a generation from now. This seminar pres-ents the interim results of the development phase of an initiative that targets deep en-ergy savings in the retrofit of existing build-ings into high performance buildings. The sessions present lessons learned to date from pilot projects on large and medium of-fice buildings.

Integrated Measure Packages for Existing Building Renewal: High-Rise Office Buildings Christopher Meek, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Integrated Measure Packages for Existing Building Renewal: Medium Office Buildings Ery Djunaedy, Ph.D., Member, University of Idaho, Boise, ID

Integrated Property Assessment for Existing Building Renewals Michael Hatten, P.E., Member, Solarc Architecture and Engineering, Eugene, OR Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Energy Benchmarks: Setting Standards or Feeding Fantasies? Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: MTG.BPM Building Performance Metrics, ASHRAE CIBSE Liaison, 07.06 Building Energy Performance Chair: Tim Dwyer, Fellow ASHRAE, Bartlett School of Architecture, University College Lon-don, London, United Kingdom

This seminar presents aspects of en-ergy benchmarks that reflect their evolu-tion, their perception, their fiscal value, and their application in the fairly mature, and

increasingly congested, European market. These three speakers have extensive expe-rience covering the development, roll-out and hands-on application of benchmarks from institutional, governmental and con-sultative viewpoints. Their presentations provide critical and informed lessons so that others may benefit from their hard won experience. Energy Benchmarks: Mirage or Reality? Hywel Davies, Ph.D., Member, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London, England

Financial Advantages of Benchmarked Buildings and MEP Systems David Arnold, Ph.D., Fellow Life Member, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom

Benchmarking: Gaming or Winning? David Fisk, Ph.D., Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM

SEMINAR (ADVANCED)

Systems and Components Performance and Efficiency with Low-GWP and Natural Refrigerants, Part 2 Track: RefrigerationSponsor: Refrigeration Committee, TC10.7, 03.01 Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants Chair: Georgi S. Kazachki, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, CRYOTHERM Consulting, Atlanta, GA

The properties of the new low-GWP and natural refrigerants, such as HFO, R-32, R-152a, ammonia, hydrocarbons, CO2, etc. have an impact on the performance and efficiency of the refrigeration and air-con-ditioning systems and their components. A special attention in this session is dedi-cated to the design, operation, and servic-ing equipment with flammable refrigerants, such as hydrocarbons and ammonia. The issues and challenges are illustrated in the example of a household refrigerator/freezer with R600a for use on the U.S. market. Two presentations provide a comprehensive analysis of efficiency and operational as-pects of equipment with ammonia. Cycle Efficiency, Charge Minimization, and Service of Household Refrigerators with R-600a Brent Junge, P.E., Member, General Electric, Louisville, KY

Minimum Energy Design Practice for Air Blast Freezing Klaas Visser, Member, KAV Consulting Pty. Ltd., Kangaroo Flat, Australia

Elimination of Condensation in Meat Packing Plants Klaas Visser, Member, KAV Consulting Pty. Ltd., Kangaroo Flat, Australia Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Wireless Sensing for Commissioning Existing Buildings Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.05 Smart Building Systems Chair: Michael R. Brambley, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA

This session explores the potential for use of wireless sensors in commissioning existing commercial buildings. Wireless sensing shows promise for making retro-commissioning of smaller commercial buildings without building automation sys-tems cost effective. The presentations pro-vide examples of wireless sensing systems for retro-commissioning existing buldings, identify technology needs, and illustrate applications of wireless sensing in case studies. Wireless Sensors Solutions for Existing-Building Commissioning: One Size Does Not Fit All George R. Hernandez, P.E., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington, DC

Retro-Commissioning of Buildings Using Wireless Sensors for Improved Energy Efficiency Teja Kuraganti, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Wireless Sensing for Existing Building Commissioning: A Michigan Example Glen T. Remington, Member, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

Tuesday, 1/29, 1:30 p.m. – 3 p.m.


Building Labeling in Europe: European Standardization to Meet the Energy Performance Directive Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesChair: Bjarne W. Olesen, International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, N/A, Denmark

In the US, LEED, Energy Star, and ASHRAE’s bEQ are being used to label building energy performance. In the EU, countries follow EPBD. The session re-views the European initiatives to evaluate building energy performance and to cou-ple energy use with environmental quality. This involves revision of several CEN stan-dards of which some will be developed as combined ISO and CEN standards. Therefore the ongoing and planned activi-ties and what is happening in Europe and other parts of the world is also relevant for North America. EU Mandate to Develop the Second Generation Energy Performance Standards Jaap Hogeling, Fellow ASHRAE, ISSO, Lienden, Netherlands

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings nZEB Definitions and System Boundaries: The REHVA View Jarek Kurnitski, Dr.Ing., Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra, Helsinki, Finland

Revision of EN15251: Indoor Environmental Criteria Bjarne W. Olesen, International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

Tuesday, 1/29, 2 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.

AHR Expo Session

Basics of HVAC Noise Control Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 02.06 Sound and Vibration Control Chair: Erik Miller-Klein, P.E., Associate Member, SSA Acoustics, LLP, Seattle, WA

Designing HVAC systems with good acoustic performance can be a challenge: this session addresses three common is-sues to improve acumen for sound and vibration. Explore the idiosyncrasies of selecting fans that optimize acoustic and energy performance for improved system design. Learn about the physics of sound that explains the performance and limita-tions of silencers and acoustic louvers. Fine tune the most valuable and effective tool for acoustics: your ears. This session also provides audio examples to connect you with the fundamental aural experience.

This session will be held at the Dallas Convention Center as part of AHR Expo.

Fan Selection Impact on Noise Mark E. Schaffer, P.E., Member, Schaffer Acoustics Inc., Pacific Palisades, CA

Understanding the Physics of Silencers Dan LaForgia, Member, Industrial Acoustics, Bronx, NY

What Does That Sound Like and Mean? (Ear Training) Erik Miller-Klein, P.E., Associate Member, SSA Acoustics, LLP, Seattle, WA



Tuesday, 1/29, 3:15 p.m. – 4:45 p.m.


BIM To Energy Simulation: ASHRAE Research Project 1468 Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 01.05 Computer Applications Chair: David Branson, Compliance Services Group, Lubbock, TX

The maturing of Building Informa-tion Modeling (BIM) as a design platform within the HVAC&R Industry has led to the desire by design professionals to have readily available tools for thermal model-ing that will interoperate with BIM and pro-duce stable Building Energy Simulation (BES) results. ASHRAE has been conduct-ing research through RP1468 to address the rapidly growing need to provide meth-odologies by which software developers could accurately and efficiently represent graphical and supporting non-graphical data for automated use with BES models. This research has uncovered numerous growth opportunities and challenges to be faced in the near future of building energy modeling. Development of a Reference Building Information Model (BIM) for Thermal Model Compliance Testing: 1468-RP Jeff Haberl, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

Challenges of BIM to BEM Translations John F. Kennedy, Member, Autodesk, Santa Rosa, CA

Wednesday, 1/30 8 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.

Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Contemporary Steam and Hot Water Design Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentChair: Keith Newcomer, Member, Piedmont Natural Gas, Fuquay Varina, NC

Contemporary steam and hot water for humidification and potable use are pre-sented. Design considerations, modeling techniques and verification for newer, ad-vanced hydronic systems are discussed. Humidification Requirements in Economizer-Type HVAC Systems Viktor T. Toth, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Short-Term Performance of Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater: Laboratory Characterization Paul Glanville, P.E., Associate Member1, Douglas Kosar1 and Jason Stair1, (1)Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, IL

A New Easy-to-Parameterize Boiler Model for Dynamic Simulation Jens Glembin1 and Gunter Rockendorf1, (1)Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin, Hamelin, Germany

Characteristics and Enhancement of a Disk Type Humidifier with Hydrophilic Rough Surface Youngjin Seo1 and Byungryul Min2, (1)The Environmental Research Center, Coway Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea, (2)Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Design and Optimization of Building Controls to Meet Energy Targets Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsChair: Bill Dean, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Today’s challenges in building controls frequently hinge around system integra-

tion and reducing, predicting and flattening site energy consumption. While achieving energy reduction targets, engineers must also meet occupant requirements, health and safety considerations and thermal comfort. Various approaches to meet these challenges, which are often conflicting, along with modern design strategies, are presented. Role of Optimization in the Design and Operation of Building Control Systems (DA-13-C028) Stephen J. Treado, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

Optimization can take on many meanings when applied to different problems and appli-cations, ranging from ad hoc parameter varia-tion to high-powered numerical analysis. One area that has received a significant amount of attention is the optimization of building design and operation, usually regarding certain aspects of energy usage, thermal performance or occu-pant comfort. Building control systems can have an important contribution to these performance characteristics and are prime candidates for ap-plication of optimization techniques. This paper discusses the role of optimization in the design of building control systems, and outlines ap-proaches and methods which can be useful for improving performance based on the needs and goals of the project.

Building Energy Simulation and Optimization of Industrial Halls (DA-13-C029) Bruno Lee, Student Member1, Marija Trcka, Ph.D., Member2 and Jan L.M. Hensen, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE2, (1)Materials Innovation Institute (M2i), Delft, Netherlands, (2)Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands

Industrial halls are characterized with their rectangular shape and relatively simple con-struction, as contrasted with office buildings with similar floor area. Industrial halls are usually subject to high energy demand due to the many manufacturing processes, lighting, and the cor-responding amount spent on space conditioning to remove the excess heat gain. Thermal comfort is seldom a concern for industrial halls, in which heating and ventilation are provided to maintain the building within a reasonable temperature range. By contrast, saving in energy consump-tion for space conditioning is a big issue since even the modest change in energy consumption will be translated into a large absolute monetary sum. This paper investigates the impact of vary-ing different demand side parameters on the en-ergy demand for space conditioning.

A Decision Making Structure for Distributed, Multiagent Building Control (DA-13-C030) Andrew W. Windham, Student Member1 and Stephen J. Treado, Ph.D., P.E., Member1, (1)Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

While ensuring safety, health, and comfort are indispensable, today’s challenges in building control frequently hinge around systems integra-tion and reducing, predicting, and flattening site energy consumption. To achieve these goals, it is likely necessary that we utilize new perspec-tives, approaches, and techniques made pos-sible by the rapidly growing digital world. This paper highlights a method that incorporates a handful of these tools, providing basic back-ground to their implementation. Within the mul-tiagent systems (MAS) paradigm, the structure incorporates probabilistic graphical modeling techniques and conditional satisficing games in a way that is intended to facilitate more autono-mous control capabilities. The method seeks to achieve high degrees of comfort control while continuously improving and monitoring perfor-mance.

Collaborative Building Control to Optimize Energy Saving and Improve Occupants’ Experience (DA-13-C031) Zhen Song, Ph.D.1, Sam Zheng, Ph.D.1, Kun Ji, Ph.D.1 and Yan Lu, Ph.D.1, (1)Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ

For commercial buildings, energy related control policies, such as HVAC or lighting schedule and set points, are typically defined and imposed by facility managers. Occupants, who are the end users of the building, generally have no opportunity to contribute the definition of control policies or have limited methods to communicate with facility managers or other oc-cupants for their specific needs or preferences. We propose a system named CEMC, which stands for Collaborative Energy Management and Control, for building collaborative control enables a collaborative setting definition para-digm: occupants and facilities managers submit requirements and rules to CEMC, respectively. Equipped with a workflow engine, CEMC verifies if occupants’ requirements comply with rules from facility managers. It also detects conflictive

requirements from occupants and guides oc-cupants to solve conflicts with rules defined by facility managers. Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Calibration Case Studies, Fleets of Buildings, Individual Building and Algorithm Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: David Bosworth, Member, BuildLab, Dryden, NY

The building industry is increasingly in-terested in how well modeling predicts ac-tual savings. This panel explores calibration and modeling accuracy on three different scales from 10 buildings, to a single build-ing to a specific algorithm. The first pre-sentation explores how well 10 buildings match the predicted EUIs when corrected for occupancy and weather. The second presentation discusses how metered ener-gy consumption data can be used to refine energy models used in the design of new multifamily buildings. The third presenta-tion goes to the algorithm scale to see how well the heat transfer through an attic floor matches between two detailed simulation programs and compares with measured heat flows. Calibrating a Portfolio of Buildings Jason Stienbeck, Associate Member, The Weidt Group, Minnetonka, MN

Actual Energy Use and Informing Multifamily Design Xia Fang, P.E., Member, Group 14, Denver, CO

Uncertainty and Shortcomings in Using Building Energy Simulations Joe Huang, Member, White Box Technologies, Moraga, CA Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Cutting-Edge Japanese Technologies (Energy Conservation): SHASE-Awarded Energy-Efficient Buildings in Japan Track: Energy ConservationChair: Shuichi Hokoi, Ph.D., Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Three buildings that received awards from SHASE for being energy efficient are introduced. These include: a large-scale hospital with advanced BEMS and a com-bination of thermal storage and cogenera-tion; a junior and senior high school with environmentally friendly technologies; and a building with ten years of quality opera-tions in the area of urban development and in District heating and cooling using a large thermal storage tank.Realization of Green Building Services for a Large General Hospital Koji Kasuya, Nikken Sekkei Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

Environmentally Conscious Design for a Junior and Senior High School by “Biomimicry” of a Tree Hisashi Wakayama, Nihon Sekkei Corp., Tokyo, Japan

Life-Cycle Management for More Than Ten Years’ of Operations at a Large-Scale Urban Redevelopment Akira Okagaki, Nikken Sekkei Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (ADVANCED)

Leading Edge Advances in Absorption Cooling Technologies Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 08.03 Absorption and Heat Operated MachinesChair: Ersin Gercek, P.E., Associate Member, Real Energy Consulting Services, LLC, Totowa, NJ

In this session, four different research and implementation facets towards im-proving performance and efficiency of heat operated cooling technologies are evalu-ated. The first author evaluates utilization of ionic fluids in absorption systems instead of traditional salts. The second author intro-duces new generation membrane-based absorption technology, which utilizes ultra thin absorbent films constrained by highly

permeable nanoporous membranes. The third author compares adsorption and ab-sorption cooling technologies and demon-strates a residential trigeneration system using adsorption cooling system. Finally, the last authors present implementation of triple effect and multi-energy chillers. Ionic Fluid Design for Absorption Heat Pump Applications Omar Abdelaziz, Ph.D., Associate Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

New Generation Membrane-Based Absorption Refrigeration System (ARS) Saeed Moghaddam, Ph.D., University of Florida, Nanoengineered Energy Systems (NES) Laboratories, Gainesville, FL

Low Regeneration Temperature Adsorption Heat Pump in a Micro-Trigeneration System Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1, Kyle Gluesenkamp, Student Member2 and Suxin Qian, Student Member2, (1)University of Maryland, College Park, MD, (2)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD

High Efficiency Absorption Chiller-Heaters & Triple Effect Chillers Piyush V. Patel, Associate Member, Thermax Ltd., Northville, MI Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM

SEMINAR (BASIC)

New Mobile Applications for HVAC Field Work and Building Retrofits Track: Facility Management: Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 01.05 Computer Applications, 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Stephen Roth, P.E., Member, Carmel Software Corp., San Rafael, CA

This seminar focuses on mobile applica-tions for HVAC field work. As mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets evolve, so does the software (or apps) that runs on them. More and more businesses are using these mobile devices to accomplish work in the field, thus saving time and providing instant reports and proposal for clients. The HVAC industry is no exception since many field-based HVAC apps are available for technicians and engineers to use. This sem-inar highlights the types of apps being used by these professionals and the challenges presented to developers of these apps. Overview of Mobile HVAC Field Apps Stephen Roth, P.E., Member, Carmel Software Corp., San Rafael, CA

Discussion of Mobile Apps for Building Energy Retrofits Richard Szydlowski, Center for Energy and Environment, Minneapolis, MN

The Need for Standardized Data From Building Asset Field Surveys Colin Davis, kWhOURS, Inc., Boston, MA Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM


Standards, Guidelines and Codes Affecting Design and Operation of Laboratories Track: Industrial & Transportation VentilationSponsor: 09.10 Laboratory Systems Chair: James Coogan, P.E., Member, Siemens, Buffalo Grove, IL

Design and operation of laboratory fa-cilities is affected by standards and guide-lines set by a variety of organizations. This seminar examines a selected sample of those constraints and requirements to see how they affect the jobs of HVAC design-ers and suppliers. Recent updates and long-standing requirements are both ad-dressed. Establishing Appropriate Airflow Rates for Laboratories and Chemical Fume Hoods During Energy Reduction Projects Thomas Smith, Member, Exposure Control Technologies, Inc., Cary, NC

Biosafety Requirements in Laboratory Design Chris Kiley, P.E., Member, Merrick & Company, Atlanta, GA

Energy Codes for Labs: 90.1-2010 and Title 24-2013 Mark Hydeman, P.E., Taylor Engineering, LLC, Alameda, CAWednesday, January 30, 8 a.m. – 9:30 AM




Zero Refrigerant Emissions: What’s Changing in the New SPC 147 Standard Track: RefrigerationSponsor: 03.08 Refrigerant Containment Chair: Mark Adams, Member, Johnson Controls, York, PA

Upcoming phase outs and produc-tion reductions for some refrigerants, combined with increasing emissions and scrutiny from regulatory and environmen-tal groups, could lead to additional regula-tions on, restricted availability of, and even phase outs of certain refrigerants. Learn how you can take actions today to prevent the loss of refrigerant from your equip-ment and systems. This session looks at the new SPC 147, Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants from Refrig-erating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Systems. This seminar covers the changes and new requirements imposed by the new standard. This includes chang-es for equipment manufacturers, install-ing contractors, service technicians, and owners. This session also covers general changes to the standard, new leak check-ing requirements for equipment, and new requirements for active leak monitoring methods. General Overview of Changes to SPC 147: Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants From Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Systems Paul Solberg, Member, Trane Co., La Crosse, WI

Product and Field Leak Testing: Overview of the New SPC 147 Requirements and Presentation of the Various Methods Pros and Cons Dan Miles, Ph.D., Member, Vacuum Technology Inc., Oak Ridge, TN

Overview of New Active System Monitoring Requirements and Field Examples of Operating Systems Robert Sperl, Member, Wegmans, Hunt Valley, MD

Wednesday, 1/30, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 a.m.


Effective Use of Rate Rational and Spreadsheet for Standard 62.1 Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: SSPC 62.1 Chair: Jeff K. Smith, Georgia Power Co., Mc-Donough, GA

This seminar demostrates the effec-tive use of the Rate Rational spreadsheet for ASHRAE Standard 62.1. The spread-sheet was developed to educate design-ers on the proper implementation of the standard and its effective use to meet both today’s ventilation and energy re-quirements. Effective Use of Rate Rational and Spreadsheet Hoy R. Bohanon, P.E., Member1 and Andrew K. Persily, Ph.D., Member2, (1)Working Buildings, Winston-Salem, NC, (2)National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD


Corrosion in Refrigeration Piping Systems Track: RefrigerationSponsor: 10.03 Refrigerant Piping Chair: John J. Sluga, Member, Hansen Technolo-gies Corp., Bolingbrook, IL

Refrigerant piping and insulation are key components in a refrigeration system. Breakdown in these areas can effect the system’s overall performance. In addition, its integrity and life can be compromised. This seminar will discuss the causes, pre-vention and effects of corrosion of the vari-ous components in the refrigeration piping. Degregation of the piping insulation direct-

ly effects system performance but can lead to pipe corrosion. The resultant pipe corro-sion can effect the mechanical integrity of the system. Causes and Prevention of Corrosion on the Interior Surface of Metal Jacketing Used on Mechanical Insulation Jim Young, Member, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI

Corrosion in Refrigeration Piping Systems James Price Sr., Hansen Technologies Corp., Bolingbrook, IL

SEMINAR (BASIC)

Healthcare Commissioning and the Authority Having Jurisdiction Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy ImprovementsSponsor: 07.09 Building Commissioning Chair: Rocky Alazazi, Member, Executive Direc-tor, City of Taylor, Taylor, MI, Taylor, MI

The University of Michigan Health Sys-tem just opened a new 1.1 million square foot children’s and women’s hospital. The University utilized extensive commission-ing from the design phase through com-pletion. This session demonstrates how the commissioning authority played a very large role in preparing for the final inspec-tions and achieving the certificate of oc-cupancy. Opening a New Hospital: A Case Study Matthew Tunnard, Member, Horizon Engineering Associates, Detroit, MI Wednesday, January 30, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Modeling SEER Rated Equipment Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations, 08.11 Uni-tary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Chair: Duncan Synan McClellan, P.E., Member, Clark Nexsen, Norfolk, VA

The Performance Rating Method of ASHRAE 90.1 requires the modeling of SEER rated equipment in various base-line systems types. This can create is-sues if your modeling software does not accept SEER as an explicit input. What is SEER and how is it defined? Is there a conversion between SEER and EER? Depending on where you look, you may find there is more than one way to define SEER. This seminar explores three dif-ferent methods of modeling SEER rated equipment. Modeling Part-Load Performance for SEER Rated Equipment Duncan Synan McClellan, P.E., Member, Clark Nexsen, Norfolk, VA Wednesday, January 30, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Reliability Concerns for Data Center IT Equipment: Contamination Issues, Standards Actions, and Case Studies Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 09.09 Mission Critical Facilities, Tech-nology Spaces and Electronic Equipment, 02.03 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment Chair: Christopher O. Muller, Member, Purafil Inc., Doraville, GA

Particulate and Gaseous Contamination in Data Centers: Recent Developments Prabjit Singh, Ph.D., Member, IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY

Data Center Case Studies: Contamination Assessment, Control, and Monitoring Christopher O. Muller, Member, Purafil Inc., Doraville, GA


Fan Energy Efficiency: Quantifying the Savings Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 05.01 Fans, Cosponsor: 05.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities Chair: Tim Mathson, Memner, Greenheck, Schofield, WI

In an effort to reduce energy con-sumption of fans, minimum Fan Efficiency

Grades are being considered in several na-tional standards, including ASHRAE 90.1. The attempt to use a single minimum FEG requirement for all fan applications has brought about exemptions for many fans. This leaves a significant portion of the mar-ket without any regulation. An alternative requirement that considers the minimum fan efficiency at design conditions would eliminate these exemptions and result in significantly higher energy savings. The forum discusses this requirement, along with the potential energy savings for each method. Wednesday, January 30, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


Cold Climate Design Guide: Scope and Content Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsSponsor: 09.08 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications, Publications Committee Chair: Frank A. Mills, P.E., Member, McGrath Mills Consulting Engineers, Leyland, United Kingdom

ASHRAE has formed a working group with input from REHVA to publish a new design guide for Cold Climates which will be the most up to date technical publica-tion covering this subject. It will be pub-lished in 2014 and must deal with topics across all ASHRAE membership areas including North and South America, Eu-rope, Scandinavia, Asia and any other ar-eas that members work in or design for. It must deal with zero carbon energy usage, which is an upcoming requirement, and advise on technical risks associated with newly emerging renewable technologies and other areas of development. This fo-rum invites members to advise the scope and content to be covered to help guide this work. Wednesday, January 30, 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 AM


What Should An ASHRAE Certified Integrated Building Control Design Professional (IBCDP) Know? Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 01.04 Control Theory and Application, SGPC-13 Specifying DDC Chair: Barry B. Bridges, P.E., Member, Sebesta Blomberg, Roseville, MN

This forum explores the possibility of a new ASHRAE certification for a building control design professional. What specific knowledge should an individual with this certification have? The fundamentals of control, valve selection criteria, damper sizing, temperature sensor span, and PID loop tuning are only a portion of what is relevant to today’s systems. An HVAC controls expert must also know IT stan-dards, networking protocols, gateways, routers, integration to non HVAC systems, network security, backup requirements, uninterruptable power and similar IT or IP issues.

Wednesday, 1/30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 p.m.


Predictive Modeling and Simulation of Novel HVAC Design Track: Energy ConservationSponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP, Baltimore, MD

Predictive modeling approaches, both numerical and physical, are presented for novel HVAC applications. Approaches us-ing various systems including cogenera-tion cycles for simultaneous heating and cooling, novel numerical methods and unique approaches to common issues are presented.

A Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump Air Conditioner Computer Model in Energyplus Richard Raustad, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL

Energy and Exergy Analyses of a New Waste Heat Driven Cogeneration Cycle for Simultaneous Cooling and Heating Applications Rajesh Kumar1, Abdul Khaliq2 and P.B. Sharma3, (1)Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India, (2)IITT College of Engineering, Nawanshahar, India, (3)Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

Energy Prediction of Electric Floor Radiation Systems Using a New Integrated Modeling Approach Ahmed Cherif Megri1 and Yao Yu1, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY

Investigation of Electric and Reverse Cycle Hot-Gas Defrosting for Evaporators in Refrigeration Systems Syed Zahid Hussain Rizvi, Johnson Controls Inc - IR Industrial Refrigeration, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Geothermal Systems: Simulation, Design and Operation Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentChair: Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Efficient heating and cooling through exchange with the environment is increas-ing in popularity due to recent advances and energy efficiency. Adoption and expan-sion of these systems internationally and in residential buildings has become sig-nificant due to recent advancements. New advancements and experience with these systems is presented for several markets, both domestically and internationally. Design of a Vertical, Closed-Loop, Geothermal Condenser for Domestic Air Conditioning Rehan Khalid1, Abdul Rasheed Choudhry, Student Member1, Muhammad Faizan Rabbani1, Muhammad Faseeh Imam1, Dr. Mohammad Sultan Khan, Member2 and Dr. Tariq Saeed Khan, Associate Member1, (1)Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan, (2)Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Geothermal assisted domestic air-con-ditioning is becoming a popular trend in the Middle-East and Southeast Asian countries owing to its economic power consumption and relatively stable performance as compared to air conditioners using air-cooled condens-ers. Their longer life and minimal maintenance makes them ideal for domestic use in lower in-come economies. In this present study, the heat transfer from the underground buried vertical pipes has been modeled. The model incorpo-rates the length of copper and stainless steel piping needed to condense R-22 from super-heated condition to a sub-cooled state. Multiple Nusselt number correlations have been em-ployed to calculate the length of the two-phase and single phase regions of the condenser in order to determine the required surface area of the condenser piping.

Simulation and Experimental Study of a Thermosiphon Defrosting Technique for Air-Source Heat Pumps Paul Byrne1, Jacques Miriel1, Redouane Ghoubali1 and Laurent Serres, Ph.D.1, (1)Université de Rennes, Rennes, France

Defrosting sequences usually decrease the winter performance of air-source heat pumps. The most common defrosting technique uses a cycle inversion to carry out condensation at the previously frosted air evaporator. The drawbacks of reversed cycle defrosting are a break in the heat production and a performance loss using the heat stock previously constituted as a source for evaporation. The mean performance also de-creases due to lower heat transfer coefficients when the fins of the air evaporator are frosted. This article presents a heat pump for simultane-ous heating and cooling (named HPS) to face frosting problems using an alternating operating sequence.

Development of Residential Ground-Source Integrated Heat Pump Keith Rice1, Van D. Baxter, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE1, Jeffrey Munk1, Bo Shen1, Shawn Hern2 and Timothy McDowell3, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, (2)ClimateMaster, Inc., Oklahoma City, OK, (3)Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC, Madison, WI

A residential-size ground-source integrated heat pump (GSIHP) system has been developed



and is currently being field tested. The system is a nominal 2-ton cooling capacity, variable-speed unit, which is multi-functional, e.g. space cooling, space heating, dedicated water heat-ing, and simultaneous space cooling and water heating. High-efficiency brushless permanent-magnet motors are used for the compressor, indoor blower, and pumps to obtain the highest component performance and system control flexibility. Laboratory test data were used to cali-brate a vapor-compression simulation model for each of the four primary modes of operation. The model was used to optimize the internal control options and to simulate the selected internal control strategies, such as controlling to a con-stant air supply temperature in the space heating mode and a fixed water temperature rise in water heating modes.

Ground Source Heat Pump Operation and Optimal Entering Liquid Temperature Control Justin M. Marmaras, Student Member1, Jason J. Burbank, P.E., Associate Member1 and Dragoljub B. Kosanovic, Ph.D.1, (1)University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA

During the construction of the new police station on campus, efforts were made to ensure the building had low operating costs, reduced emissions, and conserved water and overall en-ergy. LEED ratings are key factors in determining whether a company/facility building is “green” and trying to meet energy efficiency targets consistent with the rest of industry. This paper will discuss different techniques and opera-tional strategies taken to control the ELT of the secondary (building) loop and increase the sea-sonal COPs of the system. It will also determine the actual average heating and cooling COP’s of the heat pumps, which is compared with the performance of a more conventional combustion heating/air cooled system.

Development of Fuel Fired Multi-Function Heat Pump Isaac Mahderekal, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member1, Bo Shen1 and Edward A. Vineyard, P.E., Member1, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

HVAC and water heating equipment con-sume up to 47% of the total energy consumption in U.S. households. Electric heating and cooling are important contributors to peak electricity de-mand and water heating also plays a large role in energy expenditures. The development of a residential fuel fired multifunction heat pump that achieves high source energy efficiency for space conditioning and water heating would reduce overall primary energy use for space heating, space cooling, and water heating. The proposed technology (cooling source COP of 1.2, heating source COP of 1.4 and over 30% primary energy usage reduction) results in a significant increase in efficiency compared to present HVAC and wa-ter heating equipment. A prototype GHP unit is being tested in our laboratory, and the test data is used to calibrate a steady-state system simu-lation model. The system modeling is based on a component-based modeling approach, which facilitates flexibly simulated complicated system configurations. We have parametric runs to show the performance trends with varying multiple op-eration parameters. Further, we conduct system optimization to identify maximum energy effi-ciencies in each operation mode. Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Innovative Energy Efficient Technologies Track: HVAC Fundamentals and ApplicationsChair: Mike McDermott, Member, Grumman Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL

A significant portion of energy consump-tion can be contributed to the HVAC&R systems. Accurate estimation of system performance is a key element in maximiz-ing efficiency. The papers in this session elaborate on energy efficient technologies and strategies to improve on energy con-sumption. A Comparative Analysis of Displacement Ventilation with the Overhead Mixing Systems Kishor Khankari, Ph.D., Member, Syska Hennessy Group, Ann Arbor, MI

Stratified air ventilation systems such as dis-placement ventilation can provide better indoor air quality with enhanced ventilation effectiveness compared to the traditional overhead mixing sys-tems. This paper, with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, will provide a com-parative study between the displacement ventila-tion with the traditional overhead mixing system for the same space with the same sensible heat loads. The analysis provided in this paper will be

valuable to practicing engineers in the industry in designing the displacement ventilation systems.

Developing and Validation of a Fan Model in HVAC Systems Nabil Nassif, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC

A large portion of energy uses in buildings contributes to air movement devices in build-ings. Accurate estimation of fan performance is a key element in maximizing fan efficiency. The paper proposes a new fan model that can be used in several applications such as optimiza-tion, fault detection, and modern virtual airflow meter, and it can also be incorporated into any building commercial models. The model can use any two variables among all four variables of airflow rate, total fan pressure, speed, and power as inputs or outputs. Another advantage of this model is the flexibility of the using any size of data for calibration, varying from one, two, or higher for better accuracy, obtained either from manufacturers or field measured data.

Field Evaluation of SEER Rating in Hot Dry Climates John Bush, Associate Member1, Loren Kirkeide2, Bo Xing2, Jan Miller2 and Ronald Domitrovic, Ph.D., Associate Member1, (1)Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN, (2)SRP, Phoenix, AZ

Air conditioning loads are generally the larg-est consumer of energy in a building for the sum-mer season. Most cooling equipment is labeled with a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER), based on tests outlined by the Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute. The federal government requires all systems to meet stan-dard SEER ratings, and ENERGY STAR ratings are based on SEER. However, the SEER rating test is not necessarily reflective of all climate zones, and uncertainty remains about whether systems with equivalent SEER ratings provide the same efficiency benefits in different regions. In 2011, a large project was deployed around Phoenix, Arizona, to evaluate the actual field performance of air conditioners with a wide range SEER ratings. The project deployed pow-er meters on air conditioning units of over 340 homes, along with indoor temperature sensors. Local weather information and indoor tempera-ture measurements were used to approximate the cooling provided by the HVAC equipment. Based on this information, comparative efficien-cy of the air conditioners was measured.

A Field Study of Occupant Thermal Comfort with Radiant Ceiling Panel Systems Zachary E. Heise, Student Member1 and Huafen Hu1, (1)Portland State University, Portland, OR

Hydronic radiant ceiling panel systems have started gaining popularity in the Northwest re-gion of the United States because of their in-creased energy efficiency and ability to provide superior thermal comfort compared to traditional forced air systems. Yet little evidence supporting these claims has been collected through field studies. This research presents a field study on occupant thermal comfort in an office space which is heated and conditioned with a radiant ceiling panel system. This study will report the results of a thermal comfort survey administered to ~200 of the 500 regular occupants of the Port of Portland building. The survey is structured to collect data regarding the occupants average thermal comfort satisfaction over the cooling & heating seasons. The study aims to report the group mean results as well as identifiable trends in the data based on occupant proximity to exte-rior walls and location within the building.

Avoiding System Problems When Using Expansion Tanks Robert Polchinski, P.E., Member, New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, NY

The expansion tank is one of the basic com-ponents of a hydronic heating system. The expan-sion tank is often described as the “point of no pressure change”, but this is not accurate. Many textbooks and handbooks address the pump/ex-pansion tank relationship, but provide incomplete information with regard to the thermal pressure increase. This paper will present the basics of properly sizing an expansion tank, the expansion tank as pressure reference point, and the sys-tem’s effect due to the location of the tank. Sev-eral scenarios will be presented that demonstrate the principles involved and the pressure problems that can result from the placement of the tank rel-ative to the pump and boiler. In the end, a more complete guide to expansion tank considerations and recommendations will be developed. Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


ASHRAE Position on Limiting Indoor Mold and Dampness in Buildings, Unvented Combustion Devices and Indoor Air Quality: Review of 3 Recently Published ASHRAE Position Documents

Track: Standards, Guidelines and CodesSponsor: Environmental Health Committee Chair: Pawel Wargocki, Ph.D., Member, Techni-cal University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Denmark

The objective of this seminar is to inform the ASHRAE community on three recently published PDs prepared by EHC. PD on indoor mold and dampness in buildings describes 64 specific decisions have been observed to either minimize or increase the risks associated with indoor moisture ac-cumulation. PD on unvented combustion devices informs on the state of knowledge about gas- and liquid-burning unvented combustion devices, and recommends needed research. PD on indoor air quality informs on the state of knowledge about IAQ and its health and economic benefits from the perspectives of an individual building as well as national levels. The Revised ASHRAE Position Document on Limiting Indoor Mold and Dampness in Buildings Lew Harriman III, Fellow ASHRAE, Mason Grant, Portsmouth, NH

ASHRAE Position Document on Unvented Combustion Devices Paul W. Francisco, Member, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL

ASHRAE Position Document on Indoor Air Quality Chandra Sekhar, Fellow ASHRAE, 6565163479, Singapore, Singapore Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Lubricant Effects on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drops in Heat Exchangers Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 01.03 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Chair: Steve Eckels, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

In space conditioning vapor compres-sion cycles often provide cooling and heat-ing to the building all year around. The working fluid is a refrigerant and oil mixture. A small amount of lubricating oil is needed to lubricate and to seal the sliding parts of the compressors. In heat exchangers the oil in excess penalizes the heat transfer and increases the flow losses: both effects are highly undesired but yet unavoidable. This seminar provides an overview of the heat transfer and pressure drop character-istics of refrigerant and lubricant mixtures in heat exchangers. The seminar covers vari-ous applications from ammonia systems to HFO refrigerants. The seminar will assist engineers in the proper selection of the lu-bricant and refrigerant pairs.

Effects of Lubricants on Refrigerant Flow Boiling Heat Transfer: Past Work, Present Research, and Future Possibilities Lorenzo Cremaschi, Ph.D., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

The Effect of Oil and Fouling on the Thermal Performance of an Enhanced Tube Shell-and-Tube Ammonia DX Evaporator Zahid Ayub, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Isotherm, Inc., Arlington, TX

Properties of Low Global Warming HFO-1234ze(E) and HFO-1234ze(E) Blends with Lubricants for the Design of Heat Exchangers Christopher Seeton, Ph.D., Member, Honeywell, Buffalo, NY Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Recent Developments in High Rise Building Design Track: Large Building DesignSponsor: 09.12 Tall Buildings, 05.06 Control of Fire and Smoke Chair: John J. Carter, Member, CPP, Inc., Fort Collins, CO

Tall buildings are getting taller. This seminar highlights emerging techniques that can be used to deal with HVAC and fire issues in tall, and taller, buildings. Topics range from basic principles,to us-ing elevators for egress and the the mis-use and misunderstanding of stack effect pressures. The godfather of smoke control

summarizes the contents of the new Hand-book of Smoke Control engineering. Tall Buildings and the New Ashrae Smoke Control Book John H. Klote, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Fire and Smoke Consulting, Leesburg, VA

It’s Not Just Stack Effect: Latest Advances in Elevator Shaft Pressure Measurements Luke Leung, P.E., Member, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP, Chicago, IL

Total Evacuation with Elevators? William A. Webb, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, WEBB FIRE Protection Consulting, LLC, Brooksville, FL Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM


Save Energy and Improve Occupant Comfort with Advanced VAV Zone Controls Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 02.01 Physiology and Human Envi-ronment Chair: John L. Stoops, Ph.D., Member, DNV KE

Despite significant energy savings and over 10 years of installation history, dual-maximum VAV controls have not seen wide market adoption. Most market bar-riers, both technical and perceived, have been addressed in the past 5 years and the industry is now at the point where wide market adoption is likely. This presentation provides an overview of dual-maximum controls, hardware selection, and de-sign calculations including calculation of ASHRAE Standard 62.1 minimum ventila-tion rates. This presentation summarizes detailed energy monitoring results of a California Public Interest Energy Research project that ran in parallel to the ASHRAE RP-1515 project (Comfort & Air Quality ef-fects of low minimums) that carried out a field study in 6 large buildings, five on the Yahoo! campus and one county govern-ment building.Advanced VAV Zone Control Overview Steve Taylor, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA

Energy Savings From Reduced VAV Box Minimum Flow Gwelen Paliaga, Member, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA

Occupant Comfort Under Reduced Minimum VAV Flow Rates Edward A. Arens, Ph.D., Member, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m. – 12:30 PM

SEMINAR (ADVANCED)

Thermoelectric Cooling: New Applications for an Old Idea Track: HVAC&R Systems & EquipmentSponsor: 01.01 Thermodynamics and Psychro-metrics Chair: J. Steven Brown, Ph.D., Member, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC

Thermoelectric effect, which induces heat flow through thermoelectric (TE) ma-terials by electric current, is widely used in niche cooling application and was not able to penetrate the HVAC&R industry due to performance limitation at high temperature lift conditions. Thermoelectric cooling is an environmentally benign technology; it elimi-nates the need for refrigerant flow in the sys-tem. This seminar presents recent develop-ments in thermoelectric cooling technology and potential HVAC&R system efficiency im-provements. The topics covered include a hybrid vapor compression cycle/TE system for cold climate operation, a high perfor-mance thin film thermoelectric device, and optimal design methodology of TE for cost effective cooling, heating and power. Application of Thermoelectric Modules for Vapor Injection Heat Pump System Under Cold Climate Operation Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Electro-Thermal Co-Optimum Design of Thermoelectric for Cost Effective CHP Generation Kazuaki Yazawa, Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

High Performance Thin Film Thermoelectric Devices for HVAC Applications Uttam Ghoshal, Ph.D., Sheetak Inc., Austin, TX

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