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Technology Issues for Administrators
A Workshop presented by Karen Work Richardson
They said this computer can do anything! So, go ahead:
Stop Billy from sticking peas up his nose.I dare you!
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Web Resources
Links for this workshop and lots of other educational website can be found at My Backflip:
http://www.backflip.com/members/witchyrichy
Have Fun!
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Wednesday’s Agenda
Introduction The Big Picture Personal Reflection Technology Standards for Administrators
Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow Technology Use Stages Technology Integration Indicators Hands-on Activities
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A Little Philosophy…
Hegel and educational technology Thesis Antithesis Synthesis
Oh, great! She’s starting with Hegel?!
We’ll be here all day!
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How Long Does It Take?Number of Years to Reach 25% of Households
7
16
2226
35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Internet PCs Radio Television Telephone
Years
Years
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Jane Healy, Failure to Connect
Blames technology for bad pedagogy and poor parenting
Dismisses most positive research as sponsored by computer corporations or conducted by consultants (p. 22) then quotes a study sponsored by music educators: “Although one might wish for a more objective funding source, the results have been provocative.” (p. 230)
Simon and Schuster, 1998
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Jane Healy, Failure to Connect
Accuses techno-pushers of “hysteria” then says, “If you don’t limit computer time, don’t be surprised when he starts to have attention, learning, or social problems.” (p. 226)
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Clifford Stoll
Silicon Snake Oil and High Tech Heretic
Seems to advocate no computers in classrooms
Most famous quote: “No computer can teach what a walk through a pine forest feels like. Sensation has no substitute.” (p. 138)
Thinks field trips cost $100 or $200Anchor, 1996
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Todd Oppenheimer
“The Computer Delusion,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1997
Suggests that schools are buying computers at the expense of other programs
Questions the need to teach computer skills
http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/97jul/computer.htm
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Todd Oppenheimer
Quotes Stoll: “Computers in classrooms are the filmstrips of the 1990s. We loved them because we didn’t have to think for an hour, teachers loved them because they didn’t have to teach, and parents loved them because it showed their schools were high-tech. But no learning happened.”
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Points to Ponder
What are your reservations about technology in education?
What role does technology have in education?
How comfortable are you with technology?
What successful examples of technology integration have you witnessed?
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Answering the Critics
Research is slim but getting better Tends to focus on case studies and
narratives of successful programs by motivated teachers and administrators
Plenty of horror stories Check here for a presentation about
research into educational technology: http://www.wmburgweb.com/Resources/Presentations/justify2.html
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Jay Sivin-Kachala Vice President of Interactive Educational Systems
Design (IESD), Inc., an educational technology consulting firm in New York City
Conducts research in the field of educational technology
Provides a variety of consulting services related to the development and evaluation of educational software and multimedia products
Develops print materials that supplement educational software
Trains educators in the use of technology
http://www.techlearning.com/db_area/archives/TL/062000/archives/kachala.html
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Evaluating Technology Integration…
Is all about asking the right questions.
Which is better technology or no technology? (too broad)
Under what conditions is technology valuable?
Do Computers Make Kids Smarter?
Why Computers Make Bad Teachers
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The Right Question
What software is being used, how well is it matched to the school’s curriculum objects, how well is it matched to the needs and learning characteristics of the students, and what role is the teacher playing before, during, and after its use?
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It’s Not Just About Technology
Check the Apple “Unit of Practice”: It’s just a good lesson plan with perhaps a little more thought to the tools:
http://www.apple.com/education/professionaldevelopment/uop.html
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Wall Street JournalHard Lessons
Computer labs are lousy places for computers.
Struggling students get more out of computers than average or above-average students.
Most teachers still don’t know how to use computers in class.
School systems must plan computer use carefully.
Wall Street Journal Interactive, Technology & Education: What Have We Learned? Nov. 20, 1997
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Wall Street JournalHard Lessons
Computers are a tool, not a subject. Kids flourish when everyone has a
computer but schools aren’t spending enough to guarantee that.
Schools can’t handle hand-me-downs. Computers don’t diminish traditional
skills. The Internet and email excite kids by
giving them an audience. Kids love computers.Wall Street Journal Interactive, Technology & Education: What Have We Learned? Nov. 20, 1997
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Issues for Administrators
Infrastructure Network Hardware Access Software
Personal Productivity
Implementation Policies Professional
Development Integration
Evaluation Program Faculty
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Technology Standards for Administrators
Leadership and Vision
Learning and Teaching
Productivity and Professional Practice
Support, Management and Operations
Assessment and Evaluation
Social, Legal and Ethical Issues
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Activity Time
Reviewing and commenting on the Technology Standards for Administrators
http://cnets.iste.org/tssa/framework.html
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Points to Ponder
What is your personal vision of technology integration? How is technology being used
In the classroom In the computer lab To facilitate communication To contribute to professional growth
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Larry Cuban
“Computer Meets Classroom: Classroom Wins,” Teachers College Record, Winter 1993
Technology historian Begins with the question: “Why is electronic
technology used far less on a daily basis in classrooms than in other organizations?”
Only recently has technology been part of education reform rhetoric
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Larry Cuban: 3 Scenarios
Technophile: Electronic Schools of the Future Now
Preservationist: Maintaining While Improving Schooling
Cautious Optimist: Slow Growth of Hybrid Schools and Classrooms
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Points to Ponder
Where is your school right now? How is technology being used
In the classroom In the computer lab To facilitate communications To contribute to professional growth
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SEIR-TEC Lessons
• The Southeast Initiatives Regional Technology in Education Consortium
• Three years, 14 resource-poor schools• Spent 3 to 4 days a month in each school
Read more about the lessons on-line:
Factors that Affect the Effective Use of Technology for Teaching and Learning: http://www.serve.org/seir-tec/publications/lessondoc.html
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SEIR-TEC Lessons
• Leadership is key.• Have a plan.• Be patient.• Be realistic about
actual use.• Think beyond
technology to instruction.
• Get tech support and pedagogical help.
• Different populations have different needs and access issues.
• How’s your infrastructure.?
• Gauge your progress.
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On Integrating Technology
Visit The George Lucas Educational Foundation for high quality materials related to the best use of technology in education. The website includes articles, interviews and other resources.
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Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow
Begun in 1985 as a research program on impact of interactive technologies on teaching and learning
Provided students and teachers an Apple computer at home and school
Provision of technology access Site freedom to develop technology-
supported curriculum and pedagogyMore about ACOT: http://www.apple.com/education/k12/leadership/acot/
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ACOTEvaluation
Conducted a series of evaluations at five original sites from 1987 to 1990
Had to constantly find new ways to evaluate outcomes based on up close observation of sites
“Formative evaluation” evolutionary character
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ACOT Triangulation
Assess progress based on a range of measures and multiple benchmarks
Compared students’ basic skills performance to nationally reported norms
Comparison of student progress and achievement over time
Comparison of ACOT classrooms with demographically similar classrooms
Gathering data on classroom practices and parents’ background
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The Importance of ACOT
The findings about ACOT were less important than the questions it raised about evaluation and current assessment methods
Had a positive impact on student attitudes
Contributed to changing teaching practices
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The Inconclusions of ACOT
On standardized tests, ACOT students did not perform any better than comparison groups or nationally reported norms who did not have access to computers or the teaching and learning reforms implemented in ACOT schools
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David Dwyer and ACOT
Memphis Schools found significant gains in mathematics and language arts basic skills
30% is the magic number: takes 30% less time to learn the same things with help from the computer
And 30% of your budget should be for training
Most remarkable improvement was in writing fluency
Read an interview with Dwyer and other technology leaders at Technology & Learning Magazine
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David Dwyer and ACOT
Points to the importance of instruction as an element in increasing writing skills
Admits that the flaw with ACOT is that participation was voluntary
Dramatic results 90% went to college (15% for school) Dropout rate was 0% (30% for school) Better attendance
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David Dwyer and ACOT
Emphasizes need for staff development
Teachers are trained as teams Develops collegiality Encourages them to learn from and
help each other
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David Dwyer and ACOTThe Down Side
Lots of work to change the system Sometimes teachers perceived
changes that just weren’t there… Teaching kids to use the tools took
too much time away from content
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David Dwyer and ACOTImpact of Technology Over Time Adoption Stage
Struggles May revert to
traditional methods Adaptation Stage
Clear goals lead to improvements
Less use of content software and more of tools
Appropriation Stage Comfortable enough
to forget the technology
Changed to “constructivist” methods
Innovation Stage Opened up
instructionally Project-based
learning
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Tech Integration Indicators: Teachers
Accomplishes goals through technology use
Computer activities are a natural part of the curriculum
A routine or system of use is evident A variety of software is in use Teacher uses computer comfortably
Adapted from Technology Enriched Administrators, Virginia Department of Education, Division of Technology
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Can explain what they are doing and why they are doing it
Collaborative, inquiry, discovery learning
Enthusiastic Exhibit basic computer skills On task Understand classroom routine
Tech Integration Indicators: Students
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Classroom/Lab Indicators
Room arrangement Rotation assignments Supplies are accessible Place for whole group instruction Tip sheet and manuals are
available
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Hands-on Activities
Explore the Principal Connection CD
Browse the Curriculum Snapshots collection of best practices
Learn more about the Levels of Technology framework (LoTi) and take an online survey.
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Thursday’s Agenda
Some Statistics An Introduction to Rubrics An ACOT Rubric Creating Surveys
Examples Using the Profiler
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Designing Great Rubrics
Make a rubric that covers a range of situations
BUT don’t be too general AND too much detail can be a
problem Limit the number of dimensions Choose key, easily understood
criteriaAdapted from Technology & Learning, August 1999
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Designing Great Rubrics
Use measurable criteria Choose clear descriptors Use four levels Keep the distance between levels
equal Include those who will be evaluated
in the creation of the rubric
Adapted from Technology & Learning, August 1999
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Activity
Review the ACOT Rubric Where do your faculty members
fit? Where do you fit? Would this be a beneficial tool to
review with your faculty?
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Survey Websites
http://www.edmin.com/ http://ichat.edmin.com/surveyRegister.cfm
?sc=5AF47F73-6687-11D5-8813009027D22F1C
http://www.formsite.com http://fs7.formsite.com/ivyrun/ivyrunform
/index.html http://profiler.scrtec.org/
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Survey Design Tips
Know your purpose Keep them reasonably short Make questions as specific as possible Try to avoid interpretation Give some space for personal comment for
each question if possible Visit this site for details about surveys:
http://www.hhp.ufl.edu/RPT/FACULTY/jconfer/LEI4880/SurveyDesign.htm