Technology History Timeline -...

Technology History TimelineDickens, UOP

Note: Many events were found on multiple references, and some had slightly different dates. Part of this can be attributed to the time difference in a technology being designed, implemented, and marketed, and many references did not distinguish which of these it was referring to.

References: “The Age of Spiritual Machines” by Ray Kurzweil

http://www.penguinputnam.com/static/packages/us/kurzweil/excerpts/exmain.htm “Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind” by Hans Moravec

http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/users/hpm/book97/ Lexikon's History of Computing (CD) http://www.lhbe.edu.on.ca/teach2000/onramp/timeline.html http://cter.ed.uiuc.edu/cter2/ci335/timeline.html http://www.geocities.com/~compcloset/toc.htm http://www.accad.ohio-state.edu/~waynec/history/timeline.html http://www.msci.memphis.edu/~ryburnp/comp1200/history/microhist.html http://www.computerhistory.org/exhibits/internet_history/index.page http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ http://www.ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timeline.html http://www.icwhen.com/book/index.shtml http://www.icknowledge.com/history http://www1.ifccfbi.gov/strategy/statistics.asp

Technology History TimelineDickens, UOP

Questions to consider:1. When did we (humans) start designing computers?

2. When did we start planning for artificial intelligence (the ability for computers to emulate human intelligence)?

3. When should we have computers as powerful as the human brain? What should this cost in 1999 dollars?

4. When should we have computers as powerful as 1000 human brains? What should this cost in 1999 dollars?

5. When were the words “computer” and “electricity” first used in publications?

6. When was the first programmable electronic computer used? What was it named, and how much did it weigh?

7. When did the US have 500,000 computer systems?

8. When did the US have 1,000,000 computer systems?

9. When did the US have 10,000,000 computer systems?

10. When were radio waves first used?

11. When was the term computer “bug” first used?

12. When were punch-cards first used to program a system?

13. When was Apple founded?

14. When was IBM (or the company th3at became IBM) founded?

15. When was Microsoft founded?

16. When did Bill Gates become the richest man in the world?

17. Have there been previous dot.com-like busts? If yes, when?

18. When was the C programming language introduced?

19. When was the FORTRAN programming language introduced?

20. When was the Java programming language introduced?

21. When was the floppy invented? What sizes have there been?

22. What was the first “killer application” for consumer computers? When, by whom, and for what computer?

23. When were computer graphics first used in a movie? What movie and by whom?

24. When was the first computer-generated full-length film done? What movie and by whom?

25. When was “civilization” first connected by electronic signals?

26. When was the transistor invented?

27. When was the first integrated circuit invented? By whom?

28. When did the Internet start?

29. When did the Internet surpass 1 billion web pages?

30. Can a computer beat a human chess master? If yes, when?

31. When was the first microprocessor created? By whom?

32. When were 100 MHz microprocessors first available?

33. When were 1 GHz microprocessors first available?

34. When was the first microprocessor used in space?

35. How much processing power is on the Mars Spirit lander (landed 1/3/2004)

36. What was the first consumer computer, when was it marketed, and for how much?

37. When was the first memory-chip marketed? By whom?

38. When was the first CD marketed?

39. When did CD sales surpass LPs? (do you know what an LP is?)

40. When was the first DVD marketed?

41. When did computer viruses first show up?

42. When were there more than 1000 known computer viruses?

Year Key Technology Communications Computing Key CompaniesComputer OS, Languages &

Programs

5000 B. C.

Abacus invented, China.

387 B. C.Plato forms the

Academy for science & philosophy.

200 B. C. Accurate water clock, Egypt.

725 First mechanical clock, China.

1045A Chinese printer, Pi Scheng, invents

moveable clay type.

1400Europeans use wooden block

printing.

1453The printing of the

Bible with moveable type by Gutenberg.

1600-22 Napier, invents the use of logarithms.

Gilbert publishes book on static

electricity.

Oughtred invents the slide rule.

1642-46Words “computer”

and “electricity” first used in publications.

Pascal invents mechanical (+-)

calculating machine.

1687 Newton’s Principia Mathematica.

1694Leibniz mechanical

computer does multiplication.

1752-62

Benjamin Franklin discovers electricity.

Watt's first efficient steam engine.

Johnson publishes first English dictionary.

Harrison’s clock wins the British Board of Longitude's prize.

1805Jacquard implements

punch-card driven loom for weaving.

1819-28

Oersted discovers electromagnetism.

First steam locomotive in

operation.

Photography invented by Fourneyron.

Webster publishes first comprehensive

American dictionary.

Baggage develops the Difference Engine.

1832-37

Babbage designs the Analytical Engine, a

general purpose computer.

Morse invents the telegraph.


Programs

1843-45

Ada Lovelace, paper on Babbage’s work and the ability for

computers to emulate human intelligence.

First telegraph message, sent from

Washington, D.C. to Baltimore. Message:

"What hath God Wrought?"

1847Boole develops

Boolean theory and Boolean algebra.

1852-54 Talbot patents photoengraving.

Paris and London connected by

telegraph.

1861San Francisco and

New York connected by telegraph.

1873Maxwell develops

laws of electro-magnetic radiation.

Sholes invents the typewriter.

1876-79

Edison invents the light bulb.

Crookes invents the Crookes Tube, which

produces cathode rays.

Bell gets patent for telephone.

Edison invents the phonograph.

Grant exhibits a gear-operated difference engine, Philadelphia

Centennial Fair.

1885-88

Hetrz transmits the first radio waves.

Photoelectric cells are designed.

Boston and New York talk by telephone.

Burroughs offers dependable adding

machine with printing.

1892-1899

Johnson discovers the electron.

Roentgen discovers X-rays.

Marconi patents radio.

Sound is first recorded and played back on metal wires.

Burroughs develops a 90-key adding

machine, capacity of nine decimal digits.

Hollerith founds the “Tabulating Machine

Company” which later becomes IBM.

1900-03 First Zeppelin built. Telegraph connects entire civilized world.

Tesla patents electrical logic circuits

called "gates" or "switches."

1905-15

Einstein, Special Theory of Relativity.

First airplane is flown.

First transcontential phone call from San

Francisco / New York.

Hebern invents machine for

encrypting messages, Lead to the German Enigma machine.

Burroughs Adding Machine Company

founded.

Sperry Gyroscope Company founded.

1921Czech word "robot" appears in the play "R.U.R." Capek.

Smathers develops electric typewriter.

1924-28 Bohr and Heisenberg develop quantum

Farnsworth develops first television.

Lehmer, developed a mechanical device to

IBM established from Computing-


Programs

mechanics. Pfleumer patents magnetic tape.

determine large prime numbers.

Tabulating-Recording Company

(CTR).

Galvin Manufacturing

Company founded (becomes Motorola).

1930-31

NBC and CBS founded, New York.

Sperry Corporation is organized from

Sperry Gyroscope and Ford Instrument

Company.

1937-39

Randall and Boot invent the magnetron

tube which made microwave radar

possible.

BBC begins regular television service.

NBC introduces television as a regular service. Franklin D.

Roosevelt first president seen on TV.

“Turning Machine” is a theoretical model for

a computer design.

Bell Labs Model 1 Complex Calculator, utilized 440 relays.

Hewlett-Packard established, coin toss for order of names.

First Radio Shack catalog is published.

1940

Coaxial cable used between New York and Philadelphia for

TV.

First color television broadcast, CBS, in

New York City.

First operational computer, Robinson, successfully break

Enigma codes.

1941

WNBT and WCBW in New York, first

commercially licensed TV transmitters .

Zuse completes Z3 computer, uses

telephone relays and a mechanical memory.

1943

Colossus used to win WWII by breaking

German codes, 1,500 vacuum tubes.

1944 Mark I, uses paper tape a vacuum tubes.

1945

Grace Hopper, first computer “bug,” is a

dead moth in the cabinet of a Mark II computer. (The term "bug" for a problem had also been used earlier by Thomas Edison in 1878.)

Von Neumann describes the stored-

program design.

Magnetic drum technology is used for information storage

1946-47 Shockley, Brattain, & Bardeen invent

transistor.

First use of BIT for Binary Digit, Turkey.

ENIAC (US Army) first programmable

computer, used 18,000 vacuum tubes and

Association for Computing

Machinery (ACM) is formed.

Goldstine and von Neumann introduce the method of flow diagrams for logic.


Programs

weighed 30 tons.

1948-50

Forrester, iron core memory for computer

memory storage; began to be replaced

by semiconductor memory in 1964.

Wang develops robust usage of magnetic core

memory.

Color TV is first broadcast.

The first speech recognition machine is built, Davis at Bell

Labs.

Isaac Asimov writes "I, Robot"

formulating the Three Laws of Robotics.

UNVAC (Universal Automatic Computer),

first commercially sold computer, 5,400 vacuum tubes. Used

for US census.

Bell Computer, Model VI , Harvard Mark II.

First chess playing computer built by Shannon of MIT.

1951Forrester files patent for his magnetic core

memory.

First coast-to-coast TV broadcast,

President Truman at the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference.

UNIVAC developers build EDVAC using stored-program, six

years to design/build. Harvard Mark III.

Wang establishes Wang Laboratories.

1952-53 DNA molecule is discovered.

Pocket-sized transistor radios are

sold.

701, IBM’s first computer.

Harvard Mark IV.

U.S. Government files anti-trust suit

against IBM.

1953-54Texas Instruments starts production of silicon transistors.

Remington-Rand develops the first

high-speed printer for use on the UNIVAC.

MIT test computer (MTC), the first to successfully run a ferrite core main

memory.

JOHNNIAC Computer, Rand Corp.

Commodore Business Machines

founded as a typewriter repair

service.

FORTRAN (Formula Translator) developed

by Backus, IBM. First successful

FORTRAN program is run by Herrick.

1955

IBM introduces first transistor calculator. Model 608, plus the

Model 702 computer.

Sperry-Rand Corporation formed

to rival IBM.

IPL-II is the first artificial intelligence language developed.

1956-57

The term Artificial Intelligence is first coined, Dartmouth.

Sputnik launched by U.S.S.R. 11/4/57 , sends information

from space (falls to earth on 12/4/58).

First all-color television station,

WNBQ beginsoperating in Chicago.

IBM ships model 705 computer.

Bell Labs Leprechaun, first experimental

transistor computer.

First virtual memory computer, Atlas,

developed by Kilburn.

Fairchild Semiconductor,

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC),

and Control Data Corporation (CDC)

are founded.

IPL-V (Information Processing Language V), by Newell, Shaw,

and Simon.

1958First integrated circuit (IC) made, Kilby at Texas Instruments.

Carlson develops first photo copier for

office use.

Perceptron Mark I, utilizing a CRT output

device, is built by Rosenblatt.

CDC announces its first major computer

system, the fully transistorized 1604.

NEC builds its first electronic computers,

the NEC 1101 and 1102, in Japan.

DARPA (Defense Advanced Research

Projects Agency) founded.

LISP (List Processing), an AI

language, developed by McCarthy.


Programs

1959-60

Noyce of Fairchild improves transistor

manufacturing..

IBM develops mass-production facility for

transistors.

Xerox markets first commercial copier.

Digital Equipment introduces the first

minicomputer, PDP-1.

IBM ships the 1620 and 7090, fully

transistorized, second generation computers.

CDC Model 160 designed by Cray.

COBOL (Common Business Oriented

Language) developed by Grace Hopper.

ALGOL 60 (Algorithmic Language) developed.

1961

Fairchild Semiconductor, first

commercial IC, 4 transistors, 2

resistors.

IBM’s Selectric typewriter, the first

successful ball-typewriter.

CDC announces the 160A computer, twice the computing power

of the CDC 160.

American Federation of Information

Processing Societies (AFIPS) is formed.

1962-63

First industrial robots, the "Unimates," developed by

Unimation Inc.

Telecommunications satellites in geo-

synchronous earth orbits for national and

global television.

DEC introduces the PDP-5, first

minicomputer.

CDC 6600 announced.

Tandy Corporation buys a chain of Radio

Shack electronics stores.

APL (A Programming Language),

developed by Iverson, IBM and

Harvard University.

1964

One of the first applications of an

integrated circuit is used in a hearing aid

by Texas Instruments.

ASCII (American Standard Code for

Information Interchange).

IBM introduces the series 360 computer.

Englebart invents the computer mouse.

RCA, Spectra 70 computer, a plug-compatible system with the IBM 360.

BASIC developed by Kemeny and Kurtz of Dartmouth College.

PL/1 programming language is developed.

1965

Gordon Moore, from Fairchild

Semiconductor, crafts Moore's Law.

First live television pictures of moon shown on earth.

CDC delivers its first model CDC 3100

computer.

1967Bubble memory is developed at Bell

Laboratories, Bobeck.

IBM builds the first floppy disk.

Roberts puts together his plan for the

ARPANET.

Texas Instruments develops the first

hand-held calculator.

Hewlett-Packard Laboratories are

formed.

LOGO language is developed.

1968

Hewlett-Packard introduces the world's first desktop scientific

calculator, the HP 9100A.

DEC introduces the PDP-8.

CDC 7600, the most powerful computer of

its time.

Intel is founded by Noyce and Moore, markets a 2,000 bit

memory chip.

1969 First international joint conference on

artificial intelligence is held.

First manned Lunar

The Arpanet is constructed.

Xerox demonstrates first laser printer.

Intel builds the first microprocessor, the

4004.

Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated (AMD) is founded.


Programs

landing

1970

The Association for Computing

Machinery (ACM) holds its first

Computer Chess tournament.

Intel creates the 1103, first available DRAM memory chip, 1Kbit.

DEC introduces the PDP-11/20, its first 16

bit minicomputer.

IBM ships its first fourth generation

computer, the System/370.

Bell Labs develops Unix.

BLISS (Basic Language for

Implementation of System Software) is

developed.

1971

3M introduces a 1/4 inch tape drive and

cartridge.

ARPANET increases from 14 to 19 nodes.

IBM introduces the 8” floppy drive.

CDC announces Cyber 70 computer

family.

General Electric sells its computer operations to

Honeywell, Inc.

Wirth invents the Pascal programming

language.

1972

The Pioneer 10 spacecraft is

launched, with an Intel 4004 brain.

5 ¼” floppy disks appear.

Bally/Midway introduces "Space Invaders" and "Pac

Man", two successful video games.

Atari, "Asteroids" video game.

Playskool, the Playskool Computer.

Kernighan and Ritchie develop the C

programming language.

CP/M (Control Program for

Microprocessors) OS, Kildall

1973 Skylab, US space station launched.

IBM introduces the "Winchester" disk

drives.

Thirty institutions are connected to the

ARPANET.

Kahn and Cerf give their first paper on the

new Transmission Control Protocol

(TCP).

Seymour Cray leaves CDC, forms Cray

Research.

PL/M written by Kildall.

1974

U.S. Congress establishes the

National Commission on Electronic Fund

Transfers.

Skylab abandoned, crashes in 1979.

First release of IBM's SNA (System

Network Architecture).

Daily traffic on the ARPANET exceeds

million packets.

Intel invents the 8080.

Motorola, the 6800.

DRAM, 4Kbit.

Microsoft Corporation is

founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.

1975 Xerox Park develops first WISIWYG

computer system.

The ARPANET now

The Altair 8800 computer, kit $439, assembled: $621.

Designers of Intel's 8080 chip form the Zylog Corporation.

Microsoft writes BASIC for the Altair.


Programs

has 61 nodes.

1976

Metcalfe develops Ethernet Network.

IBM develops the ink jet printer.

Microprocessors:MOS Technology ships the 6502 .Intel the 8085.Zylog the Z80.

Texas Instruments the TMS9900, the first

16-bit microprocessor.Cray-1 supercomputer

prototype is built.

DRAM, 16Kbit.

Apple computer is founded 4/1/1976, Jobs and Wozniak.

U.S. Robotics is founded.

Warner Communications buys Atari video game company.

CP/M OS written by Kildall.

1977 Fiber optics first used in phone lines.

JVC introduces the VHS format VCR.

Apple Computer introduces Apple II,

$1298.

Commodore, the PET computer.

Radio Shack, the TRS-80, $600.

DEC introduces the VAX 11/780, 32-bit supermini computer.

.

1978Total installed U.S. computer systems in use reaches 500,000.

Over 300,000 word processing systems in

use in the U.S.

Intel markets the 8086 microprocessor chip.

The first Computer Dealer Exposition (COMDEX) trade

show is held.

1979

MicroPro introduces "WordStar", becomes

one of the most popular word

processor apps.

USENET starts as a series of shell scripts written by Bellovin at UNC to communicate

with Duke.

Apple Computer announces the Apple

II+, 48K memory, $1195.

Intel markets the 8088 microprocessor chip.

DRAM, 64Kbit.

Sperry Rand is renamed Sperry

Corporation.

Personal Software, Inc. releases VisiCalc

electronic spreadsheet for the Apple II, the first

“killer application”, allowing 20 hours of work to be done in 15

minutes.

ADA programming language, Ichbiah.

1980 Total installed computers in use in

the U.S. exceeds one million units.

Mollenauer, Stollen, & Gordon create first

optical fibers.

Disney first to use computer graphics for

a movie, Tron

Microsoft signs agreement with IBM

to produce an operating system.

Apollo Computer Inc. introduces first high-

performancemicrocomputer workstation.

Motorola develops the

Burroughs Corp. acquires the System Development Corp.

and Memorex.

U.S. Department of Defense issues ADA to be their standard.


Programs

68000 chip.

1981Apple has an installed

base of 300,000 Apple II computers.

Hayes introduces his first SmartModem,

300 bps.

The Internet Working Group of DARPA

publishes transition plan from the

Network Control Protocol to the

TCP/IP protocol.

IBM announces the Personal Computer,

64k memory, $2,665, speed of .2 MIPS.

Sun, the "Sun 100" workstation, 256k memory, $12,900.

Commodore, the VIC-20, $299, sells more than 1,000,000 units.

Japan mounts successful challenge to US chip makers by

producing 64-kbit RAM chips so

inexpensively that U.S. competitors

charge the chips are being ‘dumped’ on

the U.S. market.

Berkeley, Bill Joy incorporates TCP/IP

into next Unix release.

1982

Time magazine names ‘the computer’ its ‘Man of the Year.’

First flight of the Space Shuttle.

Audio CD marketed, merging the music industry with the

computer revolution.

Apple, the Lisa computer, $9995.

IBM introduces the IBM PC XT, $3,000.

DRAM, 256Kbit.

Compaq Computer Corporation founded,

Canion, Murto, Harris.

1983

Total number of installed computers in U.S. over 10 million.

Sinclair proposes concepts in wafer-scale integration.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital

Interface) developed.

Apple, the Macintosh, $2500. Intel, 80286

microprocessor.

Cray-2 supercomputer capable of performing 1 billion floating point operations per second.

Apple Computer enters the Fortune

500 at number 411.

Osborne Computer Company declares

bankruptcy.

Lotus 1-2-3 replaces VisiCalc as the

primary spreadsheet software for PCs.

Borland, Turbo Pascal.

1984

“Cyberspace” first discussed in Gibson’s book Neuromancer.

Apple sells its two millionth Apple II.

CD-ROM players for computers.

Hewlett-Packard pioneers inkjet

printing technology with Thinkjet printer.

Commodore 64, $595, 22,000,000 units.

Kaypro 16, IBM compatible.

IBM PC AT, $5470.

Sun 4/100 workstation $18,900, 8MB RAM,

speed 7 MIPS.

Atari Corporation founded,

manufactures PCs and video games.

"Windows" software is introduced.

1985

The term "Vaporware" is

coined for software that is talked about and promoted but

does not yet exist in reality.

High temperature superconductors are found, IBM, Müller

and Bednorz.

Laser printers marketed by HP and

Apple.

The number of networks on the

Internet (all TCP/IP) is 2,000.

Kaypro, first company to market IBM PC AT

clone, Kaypro 286i, $2300.

Intel, the 80386 microprocessor chip.

IBM 3090 mainframe.

Jobs resigns from Apple Computer and

later forms NEXT Inc.computer

company.

Lotus Development Corporation acquires

assets of Software Arts, and Dataspeed.

Hypercard, a language and

multimedia authoring tool, Apple.

1986 Installed computers in the U.S. exceeds 30

million.

Apple sues Microsoft, claiming its Windows

3 ½” disks are introduced for

Macintosh, PCs also adopt them.

Compaq releases Deskpro 386, beating

IBM to a 386 PC release.

Apple Macintosh

Compaq joins the Fortune 500 faster

than any company in history, ships its

500,000th computer.


Programs

operating system illegally copied the

"look and feel" of the Macintosh.

Plus, $2600.

Atari the ATARI 1040ST, $999, uses

6800 processor chip.

DRAM, 1Mbit.

Apple buys a Cray X-MP supercomputer, $15.5 million, for

product development.

Burroughs merges with Sperry Rand to form UNISYS, the

second largest computer company.

1987

Stock market takes a major blow.

Computer stocks drop sharply.

First PC FAX boards shown at Comdex.

Number of networks on the Internet is

30,000.

Max Headroom - computer-mediated live action figure

Motorola, the 68030 microprocessor.

Apple Mac II, 68020, 1 MB memory,

$5,498.

DEC, MicroVax and Vaxstation

workstations.

DECWorld is the world's largest

vendor sponsored trade show.

Pixar purchased from Lucasfilm by Jobs

Microsoft releases "Windows 386" and Microsoft "Works".

Lotus drops copyright protection

on Lotus 1-2-3 .

1988

5 known computer viruses.

Upgrade of the NSFNET backbone to

T1 completes, the Internet becomes more international

with the connection of Canada, Denmark,

Finland, France, Iceland, Norway and

Sweden.

CD sales surpass LPs.

Tandy announces an erasable optical disk.

3-Com Corp. ships the first LAN

Manager-based networks.

Apple Mac II, 68030, 68882, 4M RAM.

Cray Y-MP, its most powerful

supercomputer.

Apollo is first to use 68030 in workstation,

Series 4500.

DRAM, 4Mbit.

Gang of Nine formed by Compaq and eight other PC companies who set up the EISA (Extended Industry

Standard Architecture) to challenge IBM's Microchannel

Architecture (MCA).

23-year-old Robert T. Morris, Jr., unleashes a computer virus that

enters the Internet network and affects

over 6,000 computers on the system.(Morris

is prosecuted and sentenced in

April/May 1990).

1989

Xerox Inc. sues Apple Computer

alleging that Apple unlawfully borrowed from the Xerox Star's

graphical user interface.

DSHD (double-sided, high-density) 3 ½”

floppy disks, 1.4 MB. Tremendous growth of e-mail as a form of

communication.

Number of networks on the Internet is over

160,000.

Intel introduces 80486 microprocessor.

Jobs markets NeXT computer, 8 MB RAM, 5 MIPS,

$9,995.

Cray 3 computer.

Hewlett-Packard Company acquires Apollo Computer

Inc.

Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web

concept and HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) language.

1990

Hubble Space Telescope launched with DF-224 1.25 MHz computer.

HTML developed by Berners-Lee.

ARPANET formally shuts down. In twenty

years, ‘the net’ has grown from 4 to over

300,000 hosts.

Motorola releases 68040

microprocessor.

UNISYS announces layoffs of 10,000.

Microsoft releases Windows 3.0.

1991 Apple releases PowerBooks, Quadra, and Centris, 68040.

Nationwide recession affects computer industry, driving

Microsoft ships DOS 5.0 for PCs.


Programs

DRAM, 16Mbit.prices lower and

forcing downsizing and layoffs.

Linux is introduced by Linus Torvald, a student in Finland.

1992More than 1,000 known computer

viruses.

Number of networks on the Internet

exceeds 7,500 and the number of computers

connected passes 1,000,000.

Apple introduces its Newton MessagePad

personal digital assistant (PDA), $700.

IBM cuts 325,000 workers.

Microsoft ships Windows 3.1.

1993

Hubble Space Telescope, 16MHz

80386/80387 computer added to

the DF-224.

Sharp Electronics, Japan, announces the

PI-700 Expert Pad personal digital

assistant (PDA), with a list price of $899.

200 domain hosts in use, only 8 end in .com or .net.

Pentium (80586) by Intel, 32-bit processor,

named Pentium because they couldn’t copyright a number.

IBM, RS/6000 Unix workstation.

Microsoft starts testing Windows '95, code named Chicago.

Andreesen and Bina wrote the first

browser, Mosaic.

1994

Estimated 20-25 million users on the

internet, on-line services include

Prodigy, Compuserve, and America-On-

Line.

Internet traffic passes 10 trillion

bytes/month

Apple, PowerMacs using the Motorola

PowerPC chip.

IBM, ThinkPad 510C color subnotebook

computer, 4 Mb RAM and 200 Mb hard

drive.

DRAM, 64Mbit.

DEC announces plans to lay off

20,000.

Symantec acquires Central Pont

Software and SLR Systems.

McAffee Associates acquires Brightwork.

Red Hat Linux is introduced.

1995

Boeing’s 777 is the first 100% digitally

designed and preassembled (using computer simulation)

airplane.

The Group of Seven (G7) industrialized

nations holds the first technology-orientedsummit about linking the world's networks together for improved

interoperability.

Lasseter of Pixar gets Academy Award for

development and application of

techniques used in Toy Story, the first computer-generate

full-length film

NEC announces its SX-4 Series parallel-

processor supercomputer which

can handle up to 1 TeraFLOPS.

Compaq releases 133 MHz Pentium

systems.

Microsoft plans to form "Microsoft

Network."

Seagate acquires Conner Peripherals in a $1.04 billion deal.

Microsoft releases Windows 95 and

introduces Internet Explorer browser.

Sun releases Java language.

1996 Mars Pathfinder lands on Mars, Sojourner robot explores and

transmits data for 83 days, returned 2.6

billion bits of

Internet phones catch the attention of US telecommunication companies who ask the US Congress to ban the technology

Intel release the 150, 166, & 200 MHz versions of the

Pentium Processor.

MCI upgrades Internet backbone

adding ~13,000 ports, bringing the effective speed from 155Mbps

to 622Mbps.

Linux 2.0 released.


Programs

information. (which has been around for years)

1997

Deep Blue (IBM) computer beats world

chass champion Kasparov (2795

ranking).

Mars “Sojourner” rover landed on Mars,

has an 8085 brain

DVDs first marketed.

Intel release the Pentium II processor, 233, 266 & 300 Mhz

versions.

Honda showcases the P3 robot, the 8th

prototype in a humanoid design project started in

1986.

Microsoft’s Bill Gates' worth is

estimated at $23 billion, richest man in

the world.

Apple acquires NeXt and Jobs returns.

Microsoft invests in financially-troubled

Apple, buying 100,000 non-voting shares worth $150

million

1998

Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) launched. 80386/80387 brain with 8085 attitude

control system.

Web size estimates are 275 to 320 million

pages.

Bluetooth technology developed for "body"

personal LANs.

The 1,000th DVD title is released.

DRAM, 256Mbit.

Compaq Computer acquires DEC for an

estimated $9.6 billion.

1999

Y2K bug forces computer and

application upgrades. Due to the effort

expended, little Y2K damage was seen.

Hubble Space Telescope computer replaced with a 50 MHz 80486 (the fastest radiation-hardened CPU

currently available).

MCI/Worldcom begins upgrading the US Internet backbone

to 2.5GBps.

Star wars Episode One - The Phantom

Menace uses 66 digital characters

composited with live action

Sony markets the AIBO robotic dog,

$2,500.

AMD release K6-III 400 & 450 MHz, and the Athlon 750MHz.

DRAM, 512Mbit.

AOL and Time-Warner announce

merger plans.

Microsoft releases Windows 98 SE

(Windows 98 Second Edition) and

Windows 2000.

2000

Complete DNA sequence of the

human genome mapped.

Web size estimates surpass 1 billion

pages.

The 5,000th DVD movie title is released.

AMD Release the Athlon 1GHz.

Intel Pentium III processor 1 GHz.

Honda announces the ASIMO humanoid

Robot.

Microsoft releases Windows ME as a fix

to Windows 2000.

Mac OS-X introduced, Unix-

based OS from NeXT technology.

2001 MacAfee releases first handheld virus protection software.

Internet Fraud Complaint Center

Movies with significant computer-

generated content: Final Fantasy Monsters Inc(Pixar), Harry Potter, A.I., Lord of the Rings,

Intel introduces the Pentium 4 processor

2 GHz.

Sony releases the

Dell computers becomes the largest

PC maker. In economis downturn,

Dell is the only

Microsoft releases Windows XP.


Programs

logs 17,000 cases, $18M in losses.

Shrek, The Mummy Returns, Tomb Raider, Jurassic Park III, Pearl

Harbor, Planet of the Apes.

The 10,000th DVD movie title is released.

second generation of its AIBO robot dog. computer seller that

grows.

2002

Approximately 1 billion PCs have been

shipped worldwide since the mid-'70s.

Chess computer Junior 7 beats human Grandmaster Mikhail Gurevich with 3 wins

and 1 draw.

Web size estimates surpass 6 billion

pages.

Internet Fraud Complaint Center logs 75,000 cases, $54M in losses.

DRAM, 1Gbit.HP and Compaq

merge.

2003

Top chess computers were Shredder 7.04 (2810), Shredder 7.0

(2770), Fritz 8.0 (2762), Deep Fritz

7.0 (2761), Fritz 7.0 (2742), Shredder 6.0

(2724), and Chess Tiger 15.0 (2720).

Only 5 humans have rankings above 2700.

171,000,000 domain hosts in use.

Internet Fraud Complaint Center

logs 120,000 cases.

Apple introduces the Power Mac PowerPC

G5, a 64-bit processor.

Sony releases the AIBO ERS-7 it's 3rd

generation robotic pet.

Atari Games Corporation (Midway

Games West) goes out of business.

Sir Tim Berners-Lee was knighted in

recognition of his creation of the 'World

Wide Web'.

2004

Robot rover Spirit lands on Mars with a20 MHz “PowerPC” (RAD6000), 128M RAM, 256M Flash,

running UNIX. (100+ RAD6000s now in earth orbit)

BlueGene/L massively parallel

computer, hundreds of teraflops.

2005

Over 1 Billion people are online.

- 50% of Internet traffic passes through Virginia - 88% of Americans say internet plays a

major role in their life

Cray XD1 supercomputer, more

than 1.6 trillion calculations per

second

2019

Automated driving systems are now installed in most

roads.

A $1,000 computer (in 1999 dollars) has the

computing capacity of the human brain.

2029 A $1,000 computer (in 1999 dollars) has the

computing capacity of


Programs

1,000 human brains.

2039 - 2049

Machines claim to be conscious. These claims are largely

accepted.

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