André Olschewski – Skat Foundation Switzerland

Benedict Tuffuor – TREND Ghana

IRC Symposium, Addis Ababa, 12.04.2013

Uptake [number of units providing

services]

Trialled

Technology

Low

High

Time

Today20 years ago

Successful

Technology

Rope Pump in Africa

Rope Pump in Nicaragua

Promising

Technology

What is the TAF

Concept of the TAF

Methodology to apply the TAF

Example from TAF application

Outlook

April 2013

The TAF is a decision support tool for assessing and

monitoring applicability of a specific WASH technology for

provision of sustainable services in a specific context

Target users of the TAF include government

(national, local), private

sector, NGO, academia, development partners

The TAF is based on a stepwise and transparent process

that provides concrete information to design mitigation

measures for improving performance of the technology used

and of the introduction process

It is an participatory, facilitating and easy to use tool that

triggers sharing of lessons learned between all actors

including local and national levelApril 2013

Usage Context

- Need- Market- Policies- Capacities- Economy…

Context factors on Supply side

WASH Technology- Functions- Features- Requirements

Sustainable WASH Services

Physical

Context

- Conditions

- Applicability

Context factors on Demand side

Introduction process- Implementation- Supply Chain- Operation & Maintenance- Life Cycle Costs- Capacities- Follow up……

April 2013

Monitoring

April 2013

Regarding technology introduction process and use:

- Supporting sustainable WASH Services incl. LCC and Equity

and Inclusion

- Do no harm to environment

- Innovation in WASH sector

- Strengthening governance and accountability

TAF uses screening and assessment to assess critical factors

related to inputs, on outcomes (service level) but also on the

process of introduction involving all relevant actors.

Requirements for the tool “TAF”: Easy to use for all target

users of TAF, applicable in different contexts, supporting

inclusiveness, fostering accountability by involving all actors

also during interpretation of results, linking to concrete actions

Context

Technology

SCREENING

Need and

Applicability

Technical Function

Characteristics

Performance

ASSESSMENTof technology applicability

using 18 indicators

Perspectiveof key actors

User-

Bu

ye

r

Oth

er

Institu

tio

ns

Dim

en

sio

ns

Soc

Econ

Env

Inst

Know

Tech

TAFTechnology Applicability Framework

Pro

du

ce

r-P

rovid

er

Cost model

Dimensions:

Soc = Social

Econ = Economical and Financial

Env = Environmental

Inst =

Institutional, legal,

organisational

Know = Knowhow and skills

Tech = Technological

April 2013

Technology Introduction Process defines tasks for actors involved in each phase of introduction process

TIP

- Generic concept

- For water, sanitation and hygiene technologies

- Applicable for different cost models, e.g. market-based approach

April 2013

Uptake + O&MTIPPING

POINT

INVENTION

High

Technology

Time

Successful

Technology

Introduction

UPTAKE & USE

Uptake [number of units

installed providing services]

Actors

Inven

tio

n

Tip

pin

g P

oin

t

Up

take +

Use

Specific tasks

per actor and

phase

Technology Introduction Process

Actors Actors

Technology Introduction Process

(TIP): the concept

Economic

Social

Environmental

OrganisationalInstitutional

Legal

Skills andKnowhow

Technological

April 2013

Sustainability Dimensions

- Social

- Economic

- Environmental

- Organisational, legal, institutional

- Skills and Knowhow

- TechnologicalU

ser,

Buyer

Pro

du

ce

r,

Pro

vid

er

Reg

ula

tor,

Investo

r,

Fa

cili

tato

r

Perspectives of Key Actors

in Introduction Process

= 18 TAF Indicators

TAF uses multiple entry points to

address critical factors concerning

sustainability of services provided

by a specific WASH technology

April 2013

• TAF follows stepwise procedure in 4

steps

• TAF process is based on desk work,

field visits & workshops

• All actors are involved in field visits,

workshops and interpretation!

• TAF process supports sharing of

experiences, accountability and

governance.

• Structured TAF process is easy to use,

involvement of all actors fosters

transparency and inclusiveness.

April 2013

+

0

-

High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics

Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up

Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics

? Unclear information, should be clarified

Interpretation per dimension

per particular perspective

As entire profile

or for specific topics such as O&M

April 2013

Su

sta

inab

ilit

yD

imen

sio

ns

Technology

Skills &

Know-how

Institutional

& Legal

Environ-

mental

Economic

Social

(4) (5) (6)

(7) (8) (9)

(10) (11) (12)

(13) (14) (15)

(16) (17) (18)

(1) (2) (3)

? ?

?

?

User/

Buyer

Producers/

Providers

Regulators/

Investors/

Facilitators

+ +

+

+

+

+

0

0 0

0

-

-

-

-

Key perspectives

April 2013

April 2013

Dimension

Perspective

User / Buyer Producer / Provider Regulator / Investor / Facilitator

Social Clear willingness to invest No active promotion; producer has

strategically limited promotion

No need for behavior change and major

social marketing

Economic Affordable if Capex is

subsidised and if it is

targeted at small towns

There is some profit margin –

Producer willing to continue

production. Huge marketing

potential but producer will not be

able to do it all alone

No subsidies for sanitation in line with

national policies

Environmental There can be a potential for

risks though not high.

Further info on effluent

quality needed.

Potential for local production without

harmful input resources

Further info on reuse of manure &

effluent needed. MMDA monitoring units

need training & equipment which come

at a cost

Institutional,

Organizational

and Legal

Required legal structures

are feasible

No legal requirements to

register WASH technologies,

but it helps for acceptability

Regulation of quality of construction

supervised by an engineer. Quality

of effluent checks not being done by

EPA

Not fair to say it doesn’t meet quality

standards since it has not been checked.

Alignment with policies – has not been

submitted for approval so cannot say

Skills and

Knowhow

Users can deal with

technology appropriately

with respect to O&M

In terms of product development,

sufficient skills and capacities exist.

But not proven in the promotion and

marketing side

Different orgs at the nat’l level-answering

the question lumps them together and

will present a mixed picture as some

have and some don’t have the capacity

Technological User satisfaction high

though it is in the

developmental stage

Viable models for selling exist Potential exists for support. Unless the

right orgs are approached, the support

won’t come. April 2013

There can be a potential for risks for environment though

not high. Further info on effluent quality needed.

Further info on reuse of manure & effluent needed.

MMDA monitoring units need training & equipment which

come at a cost.

Potential exists for support. Unless the right

organisations are approached, the support won’t come.

There is some profit margin – Producer willing to

continue production. Huge need and potential for

marketing but producer will not be able to do it all alone.

Affordable if CapEx is subsidized and if it is targeted at

small towns.April 2013

TAF methodology could be applied for:

- monitoring of the performance of an existing WASH

technology and of the introduction process

- to define concrete mitigation measures to increase

technology performance but also of the introduction

process

- for assessing readiness of an alternative technology

for introduction

April 2013

• TAF was tested in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda

on 13 different WASH technologies

• In all three countries government institutions were

appointed as hosts for the TAF

• TAF is now used to monitor emerging technologies

• TAF and TIP will be used to develop/adapt guidelines

for validation and introduction in all three countries

• TAF and TIP: available as open source by end 2013

April 2013

For Information on WASHTech,

washtechafrica.wordpress.com

or email to: WASHTech@irc.nl

For details on TAF and TIP:

andre.olschewski@skat.ch

c/o Skat Foundation

April 2013

Thank you!