CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science

Technologies for Radio Astronomy

Tasso TzioumisFacilities Program Director – TechnologiesMay 2018

TECHNOLOGIES FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY Program Director – Tasso Tzioumis Administrative

Assistant – Julie Tesoriero

Antenna and Receiver Technologies Group Leader – Doug Hayman

Mark Bowen – Principal Engineer Mechanical and Cryogenics Nicholas Carter (Team Leader) Steve Broadhurst Paul Doherty Les Reilly LNAs and Electromagnetics Stephanie Smith (Team Leader) Yoon Chung Alex Dunning Rob Shaw Ken Smart RF and Electronics Jega Kanapathippillai (Team Leader) Santi Castillo Simon Mackay Peter Roush Sean Severs Machine Shop Michael Bourne (Team Leader) Paul Cooper Michael Death Minh Huynh Boon Lim

Signal Processing Technologies Group Leader – John Tuthill

Digital Signal Processing Mark Leach Michael Pilawa Architecture and Systems Grant Hampson (Team Leader) Yuqing Chen (John Matthews replacement) Signal Transport Ron Beresford (Team Leader) Michael Brothers Raji Chekkala Wanxiang Cheng Li Li Digital Systems Andrew Brown (Team Leader) Mia Baquiran Daniel George

Engineering Generalists Keith Bannister Steve Barker John Bunton Aaron Chippendale Stuart Hay Paul Roberts Carol Wilson

Postdoctoral Fellow Shivani Bhandari Visiting Scientist Mieke Bouwhuis Nuer Tuohutinuer Postgraduate Student Harry Qiu (Bannister) Ali Lalbakhsh (Smith) Industrial Trainee Liroy Lourenco Indigenous Cadet Jordan Fedeli Casuals Deszo Kiraly Adam Cooper Workshop Apprentice Morgan Cosma

Fellows Dick Ferris Russell Gough Mike Kesteven

ATNF OPERATIONS Program Director – John Reynolds

Administrative Assistant – Amanda Gray

Software & Computing Group Leader – Juan Carlos Guzman

Science Data Processing Eric Bastholm (Team Leader) Steve Ord Daniel Mitchell Max Voronkov Wasim Raja Mark Wieringa Telescope Monitoring & Control Malte Marquarding (Team Leader) Edward Guntek (Contractor) Craig Haskins Simon Hoyle Tony Maher Zoe Taylor Euan Troup Xinyu Wu Other Staff Reporting to Group Leader Arkadi Kosmynin (Engineer) Drew Devereux (Research Scientist) Slava Kitaeff (JV)

ATUC May2018

NB1: Small groups à Single subject experts à (Risk: Single-point failures?)NB2: Critical mass issues à Could not lose ≥ 1-2 people/group

** Broad directions largely unchanged• ASKAP & SKA: Core business of the Engineering Program.• Most of the program’s people and effort at present.

• Development projects for all ATNF facilities. • Budgetary constraints à Priorities

• Strategic developments – develop capabilities.• External contracts – maintain capabilities.

Directions for ATNF Engineering

ATUC May2018

1. ASKAP: Highest Priority; ~10-12 FTE (Engineering)• PAF systems technologies• ADE PAFs for Effelsberg & Jodrell Bank (External contracts)– Showcasing PAFs on single dishes; Collaborative effort in Commissioning– Efflesberg in Commissioning; Jodrell Bank – delivered; to be installed

2. SKA: International commitment. ~11 FTE (Engineering)• Pre-construction consortia (CSP; AIV; SDP; SaDT…)• PAF technology development (AIP/ODP) + some internal resources– Strategic to maintain PAF technology lead– CASS leads PAF ODP Consortium (Chair: Jodrell Bank)

3. FAST 19-beam receiver – external contract à Completed!• Installed and in Commissioning!! (May 2018)

4. UWB: System for Parkes - 700-4200 MHz; novel technology– Commissioning at Parkes.

5. Rocket PAF à CryoPAF LIEF proposal – result in Nov 2018 !!

Current Technologies Projects (FY 2017-18)

ATUC May2018

FAST 19-beam Receiver (May 2018)• Receiver system for FAST 500m telescope

• 1050-1450 MHz• 19 dual-pol beams

• Contract with NAOC• Acceptance May 2017!!• Shipped - Nov 2017• Install & Commission – May 2018

• Largest Rx system made in CSIRO• Diameter 2m & weight > 1ton• Special lab for construction

• State of the art performance• Treceiver 7K (spec 10K)• Expected Tsys ~15K (cf Parkes >25K)

• CSIRO sole-supplier• Unique capability

ATUC May2018

Parkes UltaWideBand system (UWB)• Band 700 – 4000 MHz; Tsys <20K• Consortium funding + ARC + CASS (labour: 6.5 FTE)• Novel feed: ridged-horn+rings+dielectric

• Cooled Rx version – Tested on Parkes Aug’17• LNAs designed & chips fabricated in foundry

• Issues with cooling à 2nd run - Testing• Interim L/S LNAs (limited at band edges)

• Sampler/digitiser and timing (Back-end)• Full system constructed and installed.• Debug issues & further developments

• Ethernet switch and GPU cluster (2016)• Software – led by Swinbourne à Installed

• RFI mitigation built-in – reference antenna• Chinese (XAO) secondment for 1-year

• Installation May 2018 à In Commissioning• First results. Still in debug mode.• Shared-risk observing APR2018 semester

• à New LNAs; New ADCs; Oversample à In 2018ATUC May2018

“Rocket” PAF à CryoPAF• Next generation PAF• “rocket” elements; “edge” elements

• Superb matching with LNA• Key to improved performance• Noise Temp due to uncooled LNAs

• 4x5 prototype constructed• tested as aperture array• ~15K better than equivalent ADE tests• Tested on Parkes

• Design better suited to cooling• à CryoPAF proposal – Tsys <20K !? • Cost: ~$3M (incl >5 FTE from CASS) • LIEF led by UWA – Result in Nov 2018

• Thermal study underway à Prototyping.

• Strategic priority

ATUC May2018

Future Projects

ATUC May2018

• Proof-of-concept system: (1FTE + $250k) • Improve ASKAP Tsys by 10-20K • (à achieve original ASKAP spec)• Survey speed x2

• Test feasibility on 1 antenna• 1st system built and shipped to MRO (May 2018)• Testing on Antenna starts July 2018• Aim to complete testing within 6 months• Report back to ATUC and ATSC at end of 2018

• Option 1: Fit outer 6 antennas (benefits long baselines)• ~$1.3M for +5 antennas & install. ~8 months. Funding??• Power-supply rework??

• Option 2: Full ASKAP conversion >$3M in parts + >$1M in labour effort. Funding?

• Maximum benefit if done within ~2 years.• à Priority?? Funding proposals??

ASKAP RF-transparent feed-legs

ATUC May2018

• Update CABB and double BW (sensitivity increase) (ATUC Jun 2017)• Versatile; flexible; fast transients; maintainability; unattended observing;

support• SIEF proposal for ~$3M ; ~$2M external & ~$1M from CASS (not funded)• CABB Update: ~$1M. Possible within ~6 month period• Fallback if major CABB failure

• CASS continues R&D; • ADC design from UWL system; Possible RFSoC design• 4 GPU test system now• Software Correlator design (GPU “hackathon” @ Pawsey) – April 2018

• à Full system needs external funds! LIEF proposal?? University to lead?• Priority??

GPU upgrade of ATCA

ATUC May2018

Parkes UWB Mid/High

ATUC May2018

Based around UWBL and compact array CX system

Utilising much of the UWBL system; i.e. Samplers; Back-end; GPUs; Software

Current Bands are• 4.0-15.4GHz

• 15.4-26.9GHz

Using 12 UWBL digitizers (6 per polarisation)

4-15 GHz band is sampled using 6 digitizers at 4096MSPS

15-27 GHz band is converted down to 4-15 GHz band

4-24 GHz system may be possible but is problematic, would be very attractive for other telescopes

UWB Mid preliminary circuit diagram

§ Discussed at ATUC 2014; Chose UWL first§ Cost: ~$0.5M h/w; + 5 FTE Labour.§ Needs funding. LIEF??§ Priority?

• ADC: Faster designs• Current: 4 Gsps; New: 6 Gsps avail; Future: 8 Gsps & 16 Gsps!

• Xilinx RFSOC: Integrated ADC + FPGA

• 8 x 4 Gsps ADCs or 16 x 2 Gsps ADCs

• Chips now available

• R&D project.

• CryoPAF back-end:

• Now using ASKAP ADE

• MUST develop new system

• Also for SKA?

Digital systems

ATUC May2018

• Any future project requires large CASS contributions• e.g LIEF proposals >50% from CASS (mainly labour)

• Limited CASS annual budgets – Labour + CAPEX

• à Need to prioritise what proposals go forward each year• Implications for future years; Strategic considerations.

• ATUC link to community input in prioritisation.

• LIEF are university led.

• Strong science case and support from community essential.

• Proposal: CASS to bring funding proposal suggestions to Nov ATUC

• Help to decide support, feasibility and priorities.

• Need mechanism to develop drafts & gauge community desires

• Have call of Expressions of Interest / Propsals�?? Timelines?• Nov 2018: CABB GPU; ASKAP transparent legs; UWH@Parkes; (ASKAP tied array)

• Others??

Priorities and Funding proposals

ATUC May2018

CSIRO ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE

CSIRO Astronomy and Space ScienceTasso TzioumisFacilities Program Director– Technologies for Radio Astronomy+61 2 9372 4350Tasso.tzioumis@csiro.auwww.csiro.au