Techno-Economic Assessment of Oxy- Combustion Turbine … · 2015-11-16 · Techno-Economic...
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Techno-Economic Assessment of Oxy-Combustion Turbine Power Plants with
CO2 Capture
John DavisonIEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, Cheltenham, UK
Paper byLuca Mancuso, Noemi Ferrari Amec FosterWheeler, Milan, Italy
Paolo Chiesa, Emanuele Martelli, Matteo Romano Politecnico di Milano, Italy
John Davison IEAGHG, Cheltenham, UK
5th Oxy-combustion Network Meeting
Wuhan, China, 27th-30th October 2015
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Background and scope of the study
Cycle descriptions
Cycle performance
Costs
Conclusion
Outline of Presentation
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Oxy-combustion turbines are not a new concept
Increasing interest in oxy-combustion turbines
Competitive efficiencies and costs are claimed for some cycles
An independent techno-economic assessment is needed
IEAGHG commissioned Amec Foster Wheeler and Politecnico di Milano to carry out a study
IEAGHG report 2015/5, August 2015
Background to the Study
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Review literature on oxy-combustion power generation cycles and their development status
Assess performance of selected natural gas-fired plants
Detailed modelling of the gas turbine
Flowsheet modelling of the overall cycle
Estimate capital and operating costs
Sensitivity to technical and economic parameters and potential for future improvements
Assess a coal gasification oxy-turbine power plant
plants studies
Study Scope
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Selection criteriaExpected efficiency
State of development/technical challenges
Cycles Selected for Detailed Assessment
Cycles using recycled CO2
Semi-Closed Oxy-Combustion Combined Cycle (SCOC-CC)
NET Power Allam Cycle
Cycles using mainly H2O
S-Graz (2 versions)
CES (3 versions)
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CES has carried out Multi-MW component tests
Practical Activities
CES OFT-900 turbineCES 170MWth gas generator
NET Power combustor tests
50MWth integrated plant scheduled to start commissioning in late 2016
Partnership with Toshiba, Exelon and Shaw Group
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Conventional Combined Cycle
Fuel
Flue
gas
Combustor
17 bar
1430C
1 bar
Air
Condenser
Steam
turbine
Gas turbine
HRSG
PumpSimplified
flowsheet
Fuel
Air/oxygen
Hot combustion gas
Cool combustion gas / CO2
Pure steam/water
630C
Turbine
Compressor
Cooling air
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Semi-Closed Oxy-Combustion Combined Cycle (SCOC-CC)
Condenser
Fuel
Cooler
Combustor
Water
45 bar
CO2 to
storage
Compressor
Oxygen
CO2
Steam
turbine
1 bar
620 C
HRSG
Simplified flowsheet
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NET Power - Allam Cycle
Compressor
FuelCombustor
Condenser
Water
300 bar
1150COxygen
34 bar
740C
CO2
CO2
Heat input from
ASU air compressor
Heat
exchanger
720C
<400C
TurbineO2+
CO2
Cooler
Simplified flowsheet
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Modified S-Graz Cycle
FuelCondenser
CO2
Combustor
Compressor
Oxygen
LP Steam
turbine40 bar
1 bar
Steam
turbine
Water
Turbine
Compressor
90% steam
10% CO2
1423C
Simplified flowsheet
HRSG170 bar
555C
Steam
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Supercritical CES Cycle
300 bar
CO2Water
HP Combustor
Fuel
Oxygen
59 bar
1150C
LP
Combustor
HP
turbine
LP
turbine
0.2 bar
MP
turbine
MP
Combustor
Steam
Steam
7.6 bar
Simplified flowsheet
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Thermal Efficiencies
9C ambient temperature, Natural draught cooling towers
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Capital Costs
Total Plant Cost, excluding owner’s costs and interest during construction,
2Q 2014, Netherlands location
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Cost of Electricity
2Q 2014 costs, constant money values Netherlands location
Gas cost €8/GJ (LHV), 90% capacity factor, 8% discount rate, 25 year life,
€10/t CO2 transport and storage cost
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Sensitivity of LCOE to Novel Equipment Costs
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Future Improvements
COT - Combustor outlet temperature: NET Power - 1150C base case, 1100/1200C low/high cases
SCOC - 1533C base case, 1453/1613C low/high cases
Turbine blade metal temperature: 860C base case, 950C high case
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Sensitivity to CO2 Capture Percentage and Purity
CO2
Capture %
CO2 Purity%
Efficiency
%
TPC
/kW
LCOE
/MWh
CAC
/t
Base case 90 99.8 55.1 1320 83.6 68
Membrane separation
98 99.8 54.7 1340 84.8 65
No purification
100 97.9 55.3 1270 82.7 58
Total Plant Cost, excluding owner’s costs and interest during construction
2Q 2014 costs, constant money values Netherlands location
Gas cost €8/GJ (LHV), 90% capacity factor, 8% discount rate, 25 year life,
€10/t CO2 transport and storage cost
Lower abatement
cost at higher
percent capture
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High CO2 natural gas (70%)Quantity of CO2 captured over 3 times higher
Natural gas with high N2 content (14%)
Oxygen purity
Higher ambient temperature (25C)
Alternative cooling system (mechanical draught tower)
Other Sensitivities
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Economic Sensitivities
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Gasification SCOC-CC Plant
CO2
Steam
turbine
Acid Gas
Removal
Water
Sulphur
recovery
ASU
Gasifier
(GE)
Radiant
boiler
Water
quench /
coolers
HP
steam
LP
steam
Oxygen
Coal
SCOC-CC
cycle
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Coal Gasification + Oxy-turbinesSC-PC
no captureSC-PC post
combustion capture
IGCC pre combustion
capture
Gasification+ SCOC-CC
Efficiency, % LHV 44.1 35.2 34.9 34.0
TPC, /kWe 1450 2770 3070 3540
LCOE, /MWh 52 95 114 127
CAC, /t - 65 96 115
Total Plant Cost, excluding owner’s costs and interest during construction
Bituminous coal: 2.5 €/GJ (LHV), Discount rate: 8%,
25 year plant life, Constant €, CO2 transport and storage: €10/t,
Capacity factor: 90% SCPC, 85% IGCC and SCOC
SCOC-CC costs
are not competitive
for coal
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Need for Further Work
Continue component and cycle development
Operation of integrated large pilot plants
Achieve target efficiency
Achieve reliable operation
Demonstrate operating flexibility
Cost reductions through optimisation, learning-by-doing and technology development
Commercial roll-out to meet timescales for emission reduction
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Conclusions
Oxy-combustion turbines with CCS have the potential to achieve competitive efficiencies
Up to 55%
Higher than NGCC with post combustion capture (52%)
Broadly similar capital cost, LCOE and cost of CO2
avoidance to post combustion capture
Other advantages
Potential for near 100% capture
Low water use
Small area
Need for demonstration in integrated plants