Technical Skill Test Study Materials

petrol or steam engine; one crSteam point is the tempera-horse power is equal to 745.7 - ture at which the maximumwatts. It is an imperial unit of vapour pressure of water ispower originally defined as equal to the standard atmos-~50 foot pound per second. ph eric pressure; it is equal to

<$' Knot is the unit used for 100°Con the celsius scale.measuring the 'speed of ships. <:r Tesle is the unit of magnetic1 knot > 1 nautical, mile, i. e., flux density equal to one6,076.12 feet per hour. 0 weber of magnetic flux/m'.

w Lsmbds is the unit of wave r:r Tonis a unit ofweight; this islength. Note the simple . equal to 2,000 pounds," as hrelation-ship between the used in the U. S. and Canada,wavelength and the frequency, and equal to 2;240 pounds asi. e., A. ::: elf, where, c is the is used in the Great Britain .speed of propogation. r:r Tonne is the metric unit of

'F Light Yearis a unit of distance - weight equal to 1,000 kg .that light travels in a vaccuum r:r Ultrahigh trequeacy; UHF. isin 1 year at 2,97,600km/ sec. a radio frequency in the rangeIt is approximately 6 trillion of 3 x 109 - 0.3 X IO'}Hz, i. e.,miles. having a wavelength in the

" Mach.number is the ratio of range of 1i)em to 1m.the speed of .an object to the r:r Vapourdensity is the density'speed of sound through the of a gas or vapour relative tosame medium, as air. hydrogen, oxygen or air.

vr Nautical Mile is a unit of tff' Veryhigh frequency, VHF, isdistance used in navigation; it a radio frequency in the rang.eis approximately 1853metres. of 3 x 108 - 0.3 x lOll Hz, i. e.,

l£r Ohm is the unit of electrical having a wavelength in theresistance of a conductor. range of 1m to ~Om.

tff' Pascalis the unit of pressure C6"' Weberis the unit of magneticequal to one newton/ sq. m. flux equal to the flux that,

Cit' Quintal is the metric measure linking a circuit.of one turn,ofweight; 100kg is one quintal. produces in ~t an e.m.f. of 1

tff'Rad is the unit of absorbed volt as it is reduced to.zero atdose of ionising radiation; a uniform rate in one second.equal to 100ergs of energy per (iF Yard is the imperial unit ofgram of matter. length, equal to 3 feet; it was

vt' Slug is the unit of mass equal redefined in 1963 as 0.9144to the mass that will aquire an mene exactly.accelera tion of 1 ft sec -2when (iFZero point energyi: the energyacted by a force of one pound- remaining in a substance atforce. absolute zero of temperature.

Units and Measurements'F'Ampere is the standard unitfor measuring the strength ofan electric current; it is equalto the rate of £10\,\' of charge ofone coulomb per second.

r.ff Angstrom is the unit for measuring length of light waves.

'ff Darrel is the unit for measuring liquids; 1 barrel is == 31.5gallons, or 7,3265 cu. in.

..If" Bale is the unit in whichcotton is weighed.

e: Bushel is the unit used formeasuring corn.

..s: Cable is the unit in whichlength of wires and cables aremeasured;' one cable is about183metres long.

r_ff Caret is the unit in which wemeasure the weight ofpreciousstones; it is used <1S a measurefor the puritv of gold alloy.

'.d Dloptre is the unit of measureof the refract ive pOWt)r of alens; this is equ.il to the pO'werof a lens with a focal distanceof1 rn.

•.d' Erg is the unit of work orenergy in the metric system;this is equal to the work doneby one dyne acting through adistance of one centimetre.

sr Fathom is the unit used formeasuring depth of water; onefathom is equal to 6 feet.

'd Gallon is the unit in which wemeasure the capacity ofliquids; 1 gallon is 4.54 litres(l7ppJpX).

fl Horse Power is the unit usedtor measuring the power of

T/ECHNIC.A..L SK.ILL TEST J- -- - - ... _ ......... - --- - - - --- - --

www.tnpscquestionpapers.com


Physical Qty Name SymbolCapacitance farad FEnergy joule J ..Force newton N,Frequency. hertz Hz .Illuminance lux lxInductance henry HLuminous flux lumen 1mMagnetic flux weber WbMagnetic flux

,. density/MagneticInduction tesla TPower watt WPressure pascal Pa'

Fundamental ConstantsAcceleration offree fall, g

.. 9.80665-2Avogadro constant, L.NA

.. 6.02252 X 1023mol"Boltzmann constant, k = R/NA

.._1.380622 X 10-23JKlElectric constaht~(sn)

.. 8.854 x 1O-12.Fm-!Electronic charge, (e)

.. 1.602192 x 1O-19CElectronic rest mass, (m)

.. 9.109558 x 10-31kgFaraday constant, (F)

.. 9.648670 x 104C mol"Gas constant, (R)

. .. 8_31434JKImol:'Gravitational constant, (G)

.. 6.664 x 10-11Nm2 kg-2Loschmidi's constant, (N))

.. 2.68719 x'1O-25 mlMagnetic constant, (uv)

.. 9-109558X 10-7Hm'Neutron rest mass, (m)

.. 1.67492 x 10-27kgPlanck'e constant, (h):

.. 6.626196 X 10-34 Js. Proton rest mass, (m)

... 1.672614 X 1027 kgSpeed of light, (c)

.. 2.997924 x lOs rns'Ste!Cl,I1-Bo[tzmmmconstant. (d)

.. 5.6697 x 10-~Wm 2K-4

Physical Qty Name SymboAbsorbed dose gray GyActivity dose becqurel BqDose equivalent sievert SvElectric charge coulomb CPotential differ-ence (elec.) vult VResistance ohm QConductance siemens S~~~=-.:;______./

Derived S. I.Units

steradian sr:radradian

candela cdmole mol

Physical Qty Name Symb.oLength metre mMass kilogram kgTime second sElectric Current ampere A. Theromdunamiclemperature kelvin K'LuminousIntensityAmount ofSubstancePlane AngleSolid A,ngle

Deri ved UnitsAngstrom - WavelengthCoulomb - Qty. of ElectricityErg, Joule - EnergyHertz - Wave FrequencyNewton - ForceOhm - Electrical ResistancePascal - PressureRoentgen - Qty. of RadiationVolt - Potential DifferenceWatt-PowerWatt Hour - Energy Consumed

S.I. UnitsBase & Supplementary

Standard.Units (5.1. System)Ampere - Electric Current,Candela - LuminosityKelvin - TemperatureKilogram - Mass .Metre - DistanceMole - Amount of SubstanceSecond - Time

r~"Unit is El_ physical quantity,used as a standard in themeasurement of otherphysical quantities.

'Jr International Office of Weights&Measures is located at Sevresnear Paris in France.

!t'One metre is the length of thepath travelled by light invaccum during a time intervalof 1/299792458 of a second.

(POnekilogram is the mass of aparticular I cylinder ofplatinum- Iridium alloy, kept atSevres, near Paris in France.

• (iff' A second is the time taken for9192631770 vibrations ofcesium atoms which act likeapendulum in the atomic clock.This atomic clock works onenergy changes in gaseouscaesium atoms.

=The "Mean Solar day" is theaverage period betweensuccessive transits of the Sunacross the meridian, takenover 12months, at any part ofthe.earth's surface. .

Measurements-irPhysical quantities are of two. kinds, viz., fundamental quantities, i.e., those quantitieswhich cannot be measured-in .terms of any physical quantitiesother than themselves, e.g.,mass, length, time and electriccurrent; and derived quantities,i.e., those quantities whosedefinitions are based on otherphysical quantities, e.g., speed,area, density, etc.Measurement, is the physicalact which expresses theproperties of a given object orsvstem innumbers._,

, 'The measure of a' quantityconsists of a magnitude and a



energy of the piston:Escape velocity is the minimumvelocity which a body whenprojected goes out of thegravitational field of the earth; itis equal to 11.2 km/ sec.Friction is the force opposingrelative motion between twosurfaces which are in contact.Dynamic friction is lesser thanStatic friction. Rolling friction is

. lesser than Slidingfrictiori. Frictionduring pull is lesser than frictionduring push.Geostationary orbit is about36000krn above earth's surface.Geostationary satellites arethose which appear stationarywith respect to earth and has 24hour period of rotation.Gravity is a force which theearth exerts on all bodies lymgon ~tssurface or 'near it. ..Mechanics is subdivided intokinematics and dynamics, thatdeal with the description ofmotion and relation of forces tothe motion respectively.Mechanical motion is of twotypes, viz., translational (linear)and rotational (sPin). ' .Momentum is the product of \.ma~ and velocity of the body.Impulse is the product, of theforce and time, when a certainforce acts for a given period oftime.Orbital velocity. is the velocitywith which the satellite revolvesround the planet in an orbit.Oscillatory motion is the to andfro motion of a particle about itsmean position.Periodic motion is a motionwhich repeats itself in equalinterval of time.Power is the rate of doing work ..

ABC in-MeeharricsAcceleration is the rate ofchange of velocity.Accleration due to gravity (g) isthe acceleration caused by thegravitational attraction of theearth on a freely falling object.Thevalue of g is more at polesthan at the equator because ofuneven shape ofearth. Acceleration. due to gravity increaseswith the increase of latitudes.Apparent weight is the weightof the solid body as measured,when the body is immersed inaliquid.Centre of gravity is the pointwhere the whole weight of thebody can be considered to actIf the centre of gravity rassesthrough the base of an object,then it is stable. Bodies with lowcentre of gravity and wide basesare more stable.'Centre of mass is the pointwhere, the whole mass of thebody is concentrated.Centrifugal force is the force'which is equal and opposite tocentripetal force and it isdirected outwards ..Centripetal force is the forcewhich causes the body to moveina circular path. The directionof the force is towards the centreof its revolution.Displacement is the distance ina specified direction.Doppler's Effect - is the changein frequency of a wave due tomotion of the source.Energy is the capacity to do"work.It is of two types, viz., kinetic"energy and potential energy.Engine .: is the practical .deviceby which heat energy of steam. is )transformed into the mechanical

Decimal ~ultiplesMultiple Prefi~ Symbol

10 deca da102 hecto h1(}"I kilo k106 mega M109 giga G10li .tera ·T1015 peta P1018 exa E.

Decimal Sub-multiplesSub·1nIIUiple Prefix Symbol

10-1 deci dJQ-2 centi c10-3- milli m10-1> micro j.t10-'1 nano n10-12• pico p10-15 fernto f10,18 atto a

2

Conversion 'Of Unitsin. 2.54 x 10-2 mft. 0.3048 m

sq. ill. 6.4516 x 10 -4. ,.m-

sq. ft. 9.2903 x 10 -2 0 "rn"cu. ill: 1-63871 x 10-3 m3

cu. ft. 2.83168 x 10 -3 m3

I (litre) 10 -3 m3

gallon 4.54609 x 10-3 m3

gnllon 454609 I(litre)miles/hr. 0.47704 ms"Km./hr. 0.2~778 ms"

lb (pound) 0.453592 kg.g.cm". 103 kg.m?Ib/in3 2.76799 x 10 -3 m3

dy1le 10-3 Nkg{ 9.80665 N

poundal 0-138255 N ,

lbf 4.44822 NmmHg '133.322 Pa

Atmospherjl.Ol325 x 105 Pahp 745.7 W ~

erg lQ-7 JeV 1.60210. x 10-19 JkWh 3.6 x '106

,J

cal 4.1868 J



Bordeaux mixture _ is the firstfungicide discovered for plantdisease. It is a mixture of cupricsulphate, cal~iuirzoxide and water.Bosons _' are particles whichconform to 'Bose-Einstein statistics, whose numbers are notconserved in particle interactions.Brinell's Test .: a test for thehardness of metals.British Thermal Unit _ is thequantify ofheat required to raisethe temperature of 1 lb waterthrough 10C.Byte - is a single unit of informatien handled by a computer.Usually 1byte is equal to 8bits.Calcination - the p.rocess inwhich metals are converted intotheir oxides by heating inair.Canal rays - ar'e- positivelycharged 'ions produced' during ,-the discharge, of electricity in ''gases, driven to the cathode bythe applied potential differenceand allowed to pass throughcanals bored in the cathode. '.Capillarity - helps oil rise up alampwick.Celluloid ....is a thermoplastic'materialmade from cellulose

, .nitrate and camphor.Cementation ...a processfor steelmanufacture, in which bars ofwrought 'iton.are heated for manydays in charcoal at redheat.Chlorination -:-is the commonlyadopted method ofwater purification for human consumption.Cinnabar - is .anore of mercury.Conductor> ithas large number.of free 'electrons inconductionbend. 'Covalent bond - a bond formedby the sharing pf 'lectrons .between two atoms.

ABC in General ScienceAdhesion - is the forces of'~'ttraction between unlikemolecules,Adiabatic - the process takingplace without heat entering orleaving the system.' •Adsorption _ the concentrationof a substance on a surface.Advection - the process in whicheither matter or energy is transferred from one place to anotherby a horizontal stream of gas.Aerobic - is the condition in thepresence of free oxygen.Allotropy - is the property' bywhich certain chemical elements.exists in two or more differentforms.

I

Alum - is the crystalline form of ,'potassium ~l~um silicate.Annealing - is the slow regulated cooling, especially ofmetals,to relieve strains set up duringheating or other treatQ1en~: '

\ "

Attenuation - is the loss of 'power suffered by radiation asit passes through ~att~r.Axis' of symmetry -' is a lineabout w~ich a given figure issymmetrical. 'Azimuth _ is the angular distancefrom the north or south point of thehorizon to the foot of-thevertical ,circle through a heavenly ]?ody.Babbitt _ is a class of alloys witha high proportion of tin and littleof copper and antimony.Betatron _ is a 'cyclic acceleratorfor accelerating a continuousbeam of electrons to high 'speedsbymeans of the,electricfield producedby a changing magnetic flux.Biprism= isanoptical device forobtaining, interferencefringes. ,".,. . , ~Blende - isnatural zinc sulphide.

Pressure is the force acting perunit area.Rectilinear motion is the motion,of an object 'in which everyparticle (of the object) follows astraight line path.Retardation happens when thevelocity decreases-with time, it is,a~o called negative acceleration.Simple harmonic motion is themotion in which the accelerationof the body is always directedtowards the equilibrium positionand is always proportionate to

, the displacement of the bodySpeed is the distance travelledby a body in unit time interval.Universal gravitational cons'tant, G is equal to 6167 xl(J"u. Itis the force that pulls every objecttowards the earth.Upthrust - is the upward buoyant force by the fluid, liquid orgas, on a solid..Velocity - is'the distance coveredby an object in a specifieddirection in unit time interval,

, .Weight _ the weight of a body ismaximum at the poles andminimum at equator.Weight of-an object is less at highaltitudes than at sea level.Weightof an object will be zero at the. centre of the earth. On the surfaceof the .moon the weight would be1/6 compared to weight on, theearth because the accelerationdue to gravity-on the moon isnearly that of one-sixth of that on .earth; Weight of' a free fallingobject is' zero. Weight would'increaseif earth stops rotation.

. 'Weight would be less if speed ofrotation increases.' '.Work _ is said to' be done whena force acting on a body; movesit through a distance,



.Internal Energy - the total,'kinetic and potential energy of acontinually moving molecule . .Lunar eclipse - occurs when the .Earth' comes between the Sun

, , .

and the Moon.Metallurgy - is the process of.extracting metal f~om its ore;Microwave - it is a band in theelectromagnetic .spectrumhaving the frequency range from300MHz to 30MHz.Molecule - the smallest possibleunit of a chemical compound.Neon - the gas used extensivelyin making advertising signs.Neutrons - the neutral particleshaving charge equal to protons.Nitrification - is the oxidation

. process in which ammonia isconverted into nitrate.Nuclear fallout - Radioactivesubstances deposited upon thesurface of the earth from theatmosphere.Nuclear fission - is the splittingof a heavy nucleus into twoapproximately.equal parts dueto capture of a neutron by thenucleus.Nuclear fusion - the bindingtogether of light nuclei to form aheavier nucleus is called nuclearfusion.Nuclear wastes - any wastematerial' that containsradioactive nuclides. Suchmaterials occur in the mining ofradioactive ores, the generationof electricity by nuclear powerand in research laboratories. .Nuclear weapons - weapons inwhich the explosive power isderived from Nuclear Fission ora combination of Nuclear fissionand Nuclear fusion.

Electromagnetic radiation - theform of waves of energyassociated with the electric andmagnetic fields, Itis a transversewave and the velocity is equal, to light velocity. .Fluoresence - the emission oflight du~ to absorption' ofphotons by an atom.Freon - the volatile liquid whichcauses cooling in a refrigeratorby causing evaporation.Fusion of hydrogen - processby which energy is generated inthe Sun. .Greenhouse effect -, is the riseexperienced in average globaltemperature.Haber's process - the commercialprocess tomanufacture ammonia.Half life period - It is the timetaken for half of the no. of atoms~f tJ:teelement to disintegrate.Heavy water - D20,is used as amoderator in nuclear reactor.Heparin - a naturally occurringanticoagulant inthe hUIl1a11body.Hydrometer - an instrumentused for measuring the densityof liquid.Hygrometer - instrument usedfor measuring relative humidity.Incandescence - the emission oflight from a substance; whosea toms are extit,ed by hightempera ture.Integrated circuit - a microelectronic circuit incorporated into achip of semiconductor, usuallycrystalline silicon.Interface - the surface whichseparates two chemical phases.Interferon - a protein which isproduced in many animal cellsas the result of the presence ofviruses.

'Cryogenics - study of materials'and phenomena at temper~ture

, close to absolute zer1J. 'Crystallisation - the lmostwidely used process :,tor theseparation and purification .ofsolid substances.Curie point- the temperature fora giyen ferromagnetic substanceabove which it/becomes merely.paramasnetic.Damping - a decrease in theamplitude of oscillation or wavemotion with time.Dasymeter - ~ instrument for, determining the density of agas.Degaussing - the demagnetisation of a magnetic substance; ,Dehydration causeselimination of water in abody.Dekatron - a gas filled emissiontube with a central ..anode( . .

usually surrounded by, tencathodes and associated transferelectrodes.Delta connection - the methodof connecting three windings ofa three phase electrical system.. Desalinisation - is the processof removal of salt from salinewater.Dialysis ., is the method ofsepara tion of colloidal particlesby selective diffusion through asemi-permeable membrane. ,Diamond - is exceptionally harddue to its three dimensionalpolymeric structure.Dichromatism ~ a form of colourblindness iri which only two

, colours of the spectrum, can bedistinguished.Dielectric - a substance in which'an 'electric field gives rise to nonet flow of electric charge butonly to a displacement of charge.



Liquid thermometers, e.g.,Mercurythermometer, Alchol thermometer, Six's Maxima and Minimathermometer, .Gas thermometers,e.g., Constant volume type,Constant pressure type, Resis'tance thermometers; Thermoelectric thermometers, and Pyrometerused formeasuring temperatures, usually above 5W C.The relation between temperature on these four scales can be.deduced using' the formulagiven below. . .L = F-32 =..£._ = A-273.80 100 100 .. 100

(R,F,C, A respectively representthe readings on Reamur, Fahrenheit, Celsius and Ab~olute scales).Toxins - produced by micro-.organisms cause food poisoning.Tranquiliser - the drugused forthe treatment ofmental diseases,and to sedate a trauma patient.Transformer - is a device for..setting up or down AC voltage.Transmutation - the phenomenain which, due to emission ofradioactive rays, one elementchanges to all other. 'Triple point - is the point atwhich the 3 state of a substanceliquid, solid and gas coexist.Ultrasound - a diagnostic technjque based on recording ofechoes of extremely highfrequency waves.Variometer - a variable inductance consisting of two coils inseries, arranged so that one coilcan rofate within the other.Viscosity - the property of afluid whereby it tends to resistrelative motionwithin itself. _Zygote - the single cell fromwhich every sexually reproducingliving organism derives.

'Radiocerbondating> isused tofind' the age offossils, .Radio waves - are a band in theelectromagnetic spectrumhaving the lowest frequenciesand the longer wavelengths andhence least energies'.Rectifier - the device used forconverting A.c. into D.C.Reserpine - the medicine usedto reduce high blood pr~ssure.Sedative t: is a drug whichcontrols and reduces nervousness and excitement. 'Semiconductor - it intermediatesbetween insulator and conductor.It be-haves as insulator in purecrystalline form hut theirconductivity increased whensmall amount of Impurities areadded. Semiconductors areeither p type or n type.Solar cells ~ are the source ofelectric 'energy in an artificialsatellite.Stainless Steel-can alloy of ironand chromium, containingcarbon.Streptomycin - is an antibiotic.used for treatment of Tuberculosis.Sulphur dioxide - is the reagentthat bleaches the colour of afabric.Superconductor - at temperatures near absolute zero metalshave almost zero resistance andbecause superconductors certainceramics behavesas superconductor at relatively hightemperature of above lOOk. Ithas permeability less than unity,and behaves like diamagnetic.Thermometer -: an instrumentfor the measurement oftemperatures. Different types ofthermometers are there fordifferent purposes.

_/)

. Palaeontology> is the scientificstudy of fossils.Paraffin - is. the fuel used m ai"jet engine.Petroleum ether - the solventused for drycleaningclothes._Pero.xyacytyl nitrate - is apowerful ey~ irritant.Photelectric .cell - convertslight energy to electric energy.·Photoelectric effect - the phenomenon of transfer of light energyto electrical energy. .Photo oxidation - this is ~process initiated by light.·Plasma membrane - it is thedynamic structure controllingthe movement of substances intoand out of the cell.Plasma state - the fourth state ..of matters is called plasma state.The molecules in this state exist -·in the positive and negative ions.The number of positive ions is(approx.) equal to the number ofnegative ions so that the matterappears neutral, but it is full ofcharge so it is highly conducting.Pleura '7 membrane that coversthe lung and lines the walls ofthe chest and diaphragm.Polythene - is industriallyprepared by the polymerisationof ethylene.Propellants - are special fuelsthat are highly compact andbum rapidly and completely arecalled propellants.Proton - the elementary particlewith charge equal and oppositeto that of an electron.Quantum theory, - radiantenergy of frequency I can beemitted or absorbed only indiscrete amounts which· areintegral multiples of hf, where lzis Plank's constant.



Technical Skill Test Study Materials

Documents

Transcript of Technical Skill Test Study Materials