TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION

Nishith Ranjan Sahoo EI200117284 1NA

TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION

Presented by

NISHITH RANJAN SAHOORoll no: EI200117284

Under the Guidance of

MIGRATION OF GSM TO GPRS

Dr. Partha S. MallikDr. Partha S. Mallik


TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

Reuse the existing GSM infrastructure

Introduce packet-switched routing functionality

• Better data transfer rates

• Low cost and connectivity-oriented

Migration Path to 3G Networks

“Always on” / always connected

INTRODUCTION



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

NEED FOR GPRS

Existing Cellular networks have problems:

Data Rates too slow – about 9.6 kbps

Connections setup too long & complicated

Proves expensive for bursty traffic utilization

Inefficient resource utilization for bursty traffic

No efficient method for packet transfers



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

PACKET-SWITCHED TECHNIQUEPACKET-SWITCHED TECHNIQUEVS. CIRCUIT-SWITCHEDVS. CIRCUIT-SWITCHED

In circuit-switching, resources (e.g. a channel) are allocated to user for duration of connection

Inefficient use of resourcesUser pays for the whole connectionHigh QoS: channel maintains real-time

connectionIn packet-switching, resources are allocated to user only for the time it takes to send each packet

A channel can serve many usersUser pays by the packetIdeal for bursty data connections



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

GPRS ARCHITECTURE

GPRS = GSM + packet switching. GPRS has the features of a real data network.

Speeds up to 190 kbps (theoretical maximum).

No dial-up modems needed, but direct

connections.

Billing based on sended/received bits, no

telephone ticks.

All applications available (www, e-mail, ftp,..).

The setup time is negligible – less than a second.



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

GPRS ARCHITECTURE

•How is the high speed of GPRS realized?

•Dynamic assignment of bursts to a user. In GSM 1 burst per user.

•In GPRS theoretical maximum of 8 bursts per user.

000 Data: 57 bits 11 Sync: 26 bits

Data: 57 bits 000



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

MIGRATION FROM GSM TO GPRS The migration path from GSM to GPRS requires:

Additional packet switching nodes (routers between the base stations and the mobile switch center).The existing GSM nodes to be upgraded with GPRS functionality. Commercial data services to be provided for this a GPRS operator needs to deploy other elements like Access servers and Firewalls.



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

GPRS ENVIRONMENT



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY GPRS ARCHITECTURE : MOBILE STATION

GPRS MS includes two components: MT (Mobile Terminal). Typically a handset used to access the radio interface. TE (Terminal Equipment). Typically a laptop or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA).

Three types of MS: Class-A: Could be attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, and the MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM services. Class-B: Could be attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, but the MS can only operate one set of services at a time. Class-C: Could be exclusively attached to one service type at a given time.



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY GPRS Architecture

Interfaces

TE MT BSS SGSN GGSN PDN TE

MSC/VLR HLR

SGSNCGF

EIR

BillingSystem

Other PLMN

GGSN

R Um

AGs

DGr

Gc

Gb Gn Gi

Gn Gp

Gf

GaGa

• CGF(Charging Gateway)



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SGSN – SERVING GPRS SUPPORT NODEAt the same hierarchical level as the MSC.

Transfers data packets between mobile stations and GGSNs.

Keeps track of the individual MSs’ location and performs security functions and access control.

Detects and registers new GPRS mobile stations located in its service area

Participates into routing, as well as mobility management functions.



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

GGSN – GATEWAY GPRS SUPPORT NODEProvides inter-working between PLMN and external packet-switched networks.

Converts the GPRS packets from SGSN into the appropriate packet data protocol format (e.g., IP or X.25) and sends out on the corresponding packet data network.

Participates into the mobility management.

Maintains the location information of the mobile stations that are using the data protocols provided by that GGSN.

Collects charging information for billing purpose.



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY GPRS ARCHITECTURE:BACKBONE

NETWORKTunnels of data and signaling messages between GPRS support nodes.Protocol architecture based on the Internet Protocol (IP).

GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) used to tunnel user data and signaling between GPRS Support Nodes.

Two kinds of GPRS backbone Network:

Intra-PLMN backbone network: The IP network interconnecting GSNs within the same PLMN.

Inter-PLMN backbone network: The IP network interconnecting GSNs and intra-PLMN backbone networks in different PLMNs.

Border Gateway handles the packet transfer between GPRS PLMNs.



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY GPRS ARCHITECTURE: BACKBONE

NETWORK

Inter-PLMN Backbone

Packet Data Network

Intra-PLMN Backbone Intra-PLMN Backbone

GGSN BG

SGSN SGSN

BG GGSN

SGSN

Gi GiGp



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

PACKET TRANSFER



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

PLMN1

PLMN2

MS

BTS

BSC

SGSNGn

Intra-PLMNGPRS Backbone

Gn

Gn

SGSN

GGSNGi

Packet Data Network(PDN)Eg.Internet,Intranet

Border Gateway

Gp

Inter-PLMNGPRS Backbone

Border Gateway

Intra-PLMNGPRS Backbone

GGSN

Router

Host

SGSN

BSC

BTS



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY MOBILITY MANAGEMENT

Mobility management is the means by which GPRS keeps track of a mobile subscriber location while connected to the Network.

Main concepts :Main concepts :

GPRS mobility management states

GPRS network access.

Attachment.

Location management

Packet Data protocol PDP context

Detachment



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY MOBILITY MANAGEMENT STATES

Explicit Detach

IDLE

READY

STANDBY

GPRS Attach GPRS Detach

Timer expiry/Force STANDBY/

Abnormal RLC condition

PDU Transmission

/Reception

reachable mobile

unreachable mobile



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION The GPRS should cost uses less than circuit-switched services since communication channels are being used on a shared basis and also the packets are need-based rather than dedicated only to one user.

The next stepping stone would be moving towards 3G by implementing EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution),

The GPRS is the key transition phase and is a fundamental requirement for Third Generation Mobile Communications.



TIO

NA

L I

NS

TIT

UT

E O

F S

CIE

NC

E &

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

THANK U !!!!!!!!!!!!!


TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION

Documents

Transcript of TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION