Technical Information Selection of materials
Transcript of Technical Information Selection of materials
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HYDRO PLAST
HPP I P I N G S Y S T E M S
Technical Information
Selection of materials
1 Available materials:
2 PVC-U
7 PVC-C
11 ABS
15 Polypropylene
23 Polyethylene
29 PVDF
33 Selection guidelines
34 Chemical resistance
39 Pressure limitations
45 Pressure and temperature
46 Plastics for compressed air or gases
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Selection of materials Available materials1.
2. PVC-U: Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
General properties of PVC-U
There are six thermoplastic materials in common use for pressure piping systems:
- PVC-U (Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride) - PVC-C (Post-chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) - ABS (Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene) - PP (Polypropylene) - PE (Polyethylene) - PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)
In addition, developments in raw material formulation has provided new variations of some of these materials with specifically enhanced properties, such as flame retardency or electrical conductivity. The following pages provide more detailed information on each material and on the range of products that are available.
Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) is one of the oldest and most widely used plastics for piping systems worldwide. It is a highly versatile material that is used for both pressure and drainage piping systems for above and below ground applications. It is an amorphous thermoplastic material with good tensile, flexural and mechanicalstrength, low moisture absorption, good flammability characteristics, and exceptional dimensional stability. PVC-U has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range of 0°C to 60°C, with a broad band of operating pressures. In addition, because of its long term strength characteristics, high stiffness and costeffectiveness, PVC-U systems typically account for a large proportion of thermoplastic piping installations. Consequently, PVC-U systems feature the widest range of pipe sizes, fitting configurations, valves choices andancillary items compared to all other thermoplastic piping materials. PVC-U piping systems are joined by solvent cement welding, whilst transition joints can be made using flanges,threaded connections, mechanical fittings, and compression fittings. PVC-U piping systems are available from IPS in both inch and metric dimensions, according to BS, ASTM and ISO standards. Systems are available in inch sizes up to 24', and metric sizes up to 630mm. Pipes, fittings and valvesare available in grey, white and clear PVC-U.
PVC-U exhibits thermal stability in the temperature range 0°C to 60°C, however at low temperatures the impact strength of PVC-U decreases. It is therefore not recommended for use at very low temperatures unless there is no likelihood of the piping materials being disturbed or subjected to impact damage. PVC-U is free from toxic metals thus ensuring that it is physiologicallyharmless for drinking water and foodstuffs applications. Some important advantages of PVC-U are: - Extensive choice of component parts - Wide range of applications - Good chemical and corrosion resistance - Safe for potable water applications - Low friction loss - Self extinguishing - High mechanical strength - Simplified installation techniques using solvent cement welding - Approved for potable water applications
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Selection of materials PVC-U: Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
Materials
Chemical resistance
Weathering resistance
Electrical characteristics
Physiological characteristics
PVC-U piping systems are produced without plasticizers and fillers, however for injection moulding purposes lubricants are added to assist in the production of complex parts, and to combat the effects of UV light, stabilisersare added. PVC-U is produced by the polymerisation of vinylchloride, a gaseous monomer. Technical products manufactured from PVC-U can have a monomer content of 0.1ppm, which is considerably less than the specified limits. Owing to the high chlorine content of PVC-U, it does not support combustion after removal of a flame, and thus PVC-U fallsinto the class V-0 according to UL94.
PVC-U displays excellent chemical resistance to a wide variety of commonly encountered industrial chemicals, such as acids, bases and salt solutions. Resistance to sodium hypochlorite solutions is also very good. PVC-U is not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, solvents, esters and ketones. The chemical resistance of PVC-U should be checked with our technical department for applications involving varnish, oils or fats, and PVC-U is not recommended for use with compressed air or gases. For guidance on the suitability of PVC-U for yourapplication, consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.
With the use of additives such as ultraviolet absorbers, PVC-U systems display excellent weathering resistance to the long-term effects of sunlight, wind and rain. Over time, grey PVC-U will lose some of its colour because of exposure to UV light, and it will have slightly reduced impact strength. In extreme cases, the use of insulation or an application of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or the use of a water or latex based paint will help to minimise the effects of solar radiation. Solvent based paints should not be used on PVC-U piping. For outdoor installations, or where the aesthetic appearance of the piping system is important, a fully matched system ofUV stabilised white PVC pipes and fittings is also available.
PVC-U is non-conductive, therefore systems will remain free from electrolytic corrosion. Precautions should be taken to avoid static discharge should any part of a PVC-U piping system pass through an area where explosive gasesmay be present.
PVC-U piping systems from IPS are free from lead, cadmium or other poisonous heavy metals. They are suitable foruse in contact with cold potable water, and are WRAS listed for this application.
Properties of PVC-U (Average values)PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakImpact StrengthModulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)Coefficient of Linear Expansion Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Vicat Softening Point Water Absorption Surface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour 3000
Vlaue1.3855> 30No crack30000.08600> 76< 4Approx. 100.140v-07011 Dark Grey
Unitg / cm³N / mm²%kJ / m² (23°C)N / mm / m²mm / m °C°C°C°C(VST / B 50)mg / cm³Ωw ⁄ m · KULRAL
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Selection of materials PVC-U: Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
Pressure ratings for PVC-U pipe, fittings and valves
Pressure ratings for PVC-U pipe, fittings and valves (25 years of operation with design factor of 2.5 for metric and 2.1 for imperial incorporated)
P - Permissible Pressure in barT - Temperature in °C
For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the pressure ratings for PVC-U pipes, fittings and valves.The pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.
Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PVC-U piping materials areshown in the following diagram:
ProductPVC-U Pipes Class C PVC-U Pipes Class D PVC-U Pipes Class E PVC-U Pipes Sch 40 PVC-U Pipes Sch 80 PVC-U Pipes PN10 PVC-U Pipes PN16 PVC-U Standard Inch Fittings PVC-U Industrial Inch Fittings PVC-U Standard Metric Fittings PVC-U Industrial Metric Fittings PVC-U Ball Valves PVC-U Diaphragm ValvesPVC-U Butterfly Valves
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
* Pressure rating dependant on diameter
Size2" - 24"1 ¼"- 18"3/8" - 16"1/8" - 16"1/8" - 18"25mm - 500mm12mm - 400mm3/8" - 24"1/8 " - 24"20mm - 400mm12mm - 500mm3/8" - 16mm - 6" / 160mm1/8" - 20mm - 8" - 200mm1½" / 50mm - 12" / 315mm
Pressure Rating at 20°C 9.0 bar12.0 bar15.0 bar55.5 bar - 9.0 bar 84.5 bar - 15.2 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar15.0 bar - 6.0 bar15.0 bar - 10.0 bar10.0 bar - 6.0 bar16.0 bar - 6.0 bar16.0 bar - 10.0 bar10.0 bar - 5.0 bar10.0 bar
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
PN16
PN16
PN10
PN10
CLASS E
CLASS ECLASS DCLASS C
T
P
CLASS D
CLASS C
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Selection of materials PVC-U pipe availability: inch sizes
ASTM D 2241 ASTM D 1785 BS EN 1452 / BS 3505
ClassColour
1/8”
1/4”
3/8”
1/2”
3/4”
1”
1”1/4”
1”1/2”
2”
21/2”
3”
3”1/2”
4”
5”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
21.31.6
21.70.2
10.31.7
55.50.1
13.72.2
53.80.1
17.12.3
42.80.2
21.32.8
41.40.2
26.72.9
33.10.3
10.32.4
84.50.1
13.73.0
77.90.2
17.13.2
63.50.2
17.11.9
15.00.1
21.32.1
15.00.2
26.72.5
15.00.2
33.42.7
15.00.3
42.23.2
15.00.5
48.33.7
15.00.7
60.34.5
15.01.0
75.0* 5.6
16.01.8
88.96.5
15.02.2
21.34.0
12.00.3
26.74.2
12.00.7
33.44.8
12.00.5
42.25.2
12.00.7
48.35.5
12.00.9
60.36.0
12.01.4
88.94.2
12.00.4
114.38.3
15.03.6
140.0*10.115.05.5
168.212.215.07.9
219.114.115.012.1
273.017.515.018.8
323.920.815.026.5
355.622.815.031.9
406.426.015.041.2
42.22.7
12.00.4
48.33.0
12.00.5
60.33.7
12.00.8
88.95.3
12.01.8
114.36.8
12.03.0
140.0*8.3
12.04.5
168.39.9
12.06.5
219.111.612.010.0
273.014.312.015.5
323.917.012.021.8
355.618.612.026.3
406.421.112.034.2
457.223.812.043.3
60.33.09.00.7
75.0*3.6
10.01.2
88.94.19.01.4
114.35.29.02.3
140.0*6.39.03.5
168.37.59.05.0
219.18.89.07.7
273.010.99.0
11.9
323.92.99.0
16.8355.614.19.0
20.1406.416.29.0
26.4457.218.29.0
33.3508.020.29.0
41.2
609.624.19.0
59.3
* DIN 8061/2
609.615.76.0
38.6
88.93.16.01.2
114.33.66.01.8
140.0*4.06.02.5
168.34.86.03.4
219.15.66.05.3
273.07.06.08.2
323.98.26.0
11.5355.6
9.06.0
13.4406.410.26.0
17.9457.211.96.0
21.8508.013.26.0
26.9
21.33.7
58.60.3
26.73.9
47.60.4
33.43.4
31.00.5
42.23.6
25.50.6
48.33.7
22.80.8
60.33.9
19.31.0
73.05.2
20.71.6
88.95.5
17.92.1
101.65.7
16.62.5
114.36.0
15.23.0
141.36.6
13.14.1
168.37.1
12.45.3
219.18.2
11.07.9
273.09.39.7
11.2323.910.39.0
14.8355.611.19.0
17.6406.412.79.0
23.0
33.44.5
43.50.6
42.24.9
35.90.8
48.35.1
32.41.0
60.35.5
27.61.4
73.07.0
29.02.1
88.97.6
25.52.8
101.68.1
24.13.5
114.38.6
22.14.2
141.39.5
20.05.8
168.311.019.37.9
21.34.3
70.00.3
26.74.3
53.30.4
33.45.1
49.50.7
42.25.5
41.00.9
48.35.7
37.01.1
60.36.4
32.51.6
73.07.6
32.12.3
88.98.9
30.63.3
114.311.129.75.3
168.314.325.610.1
219.112.716.612.0
273.015.115.917.8
323.917.515.924.5
355.619.115.229.6
406.412.715.237.9
457.223.815.247.5
26.71.5
13.80.2
33.41.5
11.00.3
42.21.6
11.00.3
48.31.9
11.00.4
48.32.3
13.80.5
60.32.9
13.80.8
60.32.3
11.00.6
73.02.8
11.00.9
88.93.4
11.01.4
101.63.9
11.01.8
101.64.8
13.82.2
114.35.4
13.82.7
114.34.4
11.02.2
141.35.4
11.03.4
141.36.7
13.84.2
168.36.5
11.04.8
168.38.0
13.85.9
355.613.711.021.5
406.415.611.028.1
457.217.611.035.6
508.019.511.044.0
609.623.411.063.4
457.211.26.9
23.5
508.012.46.9
28.2609.614.96.9
40.76
219.110.413.810.0
273.013.013.815.5
219.18.4
11.08.2
273.010.511.012.7
323.912.511.017.8
88.94.2
13.81.7
73.03.5
13.81.1
42.22.0
13.80.4
33.41.6
13.80.3
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
SDR 41 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR 13.5White White White White Wh&Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey
Sch 40 Sch 80 Sch 120 Class B Class C Class D Class E Class 7
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Selection of materials PVC-U pipe availability: mm sizes
EN 1452 DIN 8016 / 2
Type
12mm
16mm
20mm
25mm
32mm
40mm
50mm
63mm
75mm
90mm
110mm
125mm
140mm
160mm
180mm
200mm
225mm
250mm
280mm
315mm
400mm
500mm
630mm
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
50.01.56.06.5
63.01.96.00.6
75.02.26.00.8
90.02.76.01.2
110.22.76.01.4
125.03.16.01.8
140.03.56.02.3
160.04.06.03.0
180.04.46.03.0
200.04.96.04.6
225.05.56.05.8
250.06.26.07.4
280.06.96.09.1
315.07.76.0
11.5400.0
9.86.0
18.6500.012.36.0
29.4630.015.46.0
41.0
40.01.57.50.3
50.01.67.50.5
63.02.07.50.6
75.02.37.50.8
90.02.87.51.2
110.03.27.51.7
125.03.77.52.2
140.04.17.52.7
160.04.77.54.5
180.05.37.54.5
200.05.97.55.6
225.06.67.57.0
250.07.37.58.7
280.08.27.5
10.9315.0
9.27.5
13.7400.011.77.5
22.2500.014.67.5
34.9630.018.47.5
49.0
32.01.6
10.00.3
40.01.9
10.00.4
50.02.4
10.00.6
63.03.0
10.30.9
75.03.6
10.01.3
90.04.3
10.01.8
10.04.2
10.02.1
125.04.8
10.02.8
140.05.4
10.03.5
160.06.2
10.04.6
180.06.9
10.05.7
200.07.7
10.07.1
225.08.6
10.08.9
250.09.6
10.011.0
280.010.710.013.8
315.012.110.017.5
400.015.310.027.7
500.019.110.041.3
630.024.110.064.2
25.01.5
12.50.2
32.01.9
12.50.3
40.02.4
12.50.5
50.03.0
12.50.7
63.03.8
12.51.1
75.04.5
12.51.6
90.05.1
12.52.3
110.05.3
12.52.7
125.06.0
12.53.4
140.06.7
12.54.3
160.07.7
12.55.7
180.08.6
12.57.1
200.09.6
12.58.8
225.010.812.511.1
250.011.912.513.6
280.013.412.517.3
315.015.012.521.7
400.019.112.534.5
500.023.912.551.7
630.030.012.579.9
40.01.86.00.4
50.01.86.00.4
63.01.96.00.6
75.02.26.00.8
90.02.76.01.1
110.03.26.01.6
125.03.76.02.1
140.04.16.02.7
160.04.76.03.4
180.05.36.04.4
200.05.96.05.4
225.06.66.05.4
250.07.36.08.3
280.08.26.0
10.2315.0
9.26.0
13.2400.011.76.0
19.6500.014.66.0
31.6630.018.46.0
49.0
25.01.5
10.00.2
32.01.8
10.00.3
40.01.9
10.00.4
50.02.4
10.00.6
63.03.0
10.00.6
75.03.6
10.01.2
90.04.3
10.01.8
110.05.3
10.02.6
125.06.0
10.03.3
140.06.7
10.04.2
160.07.7
10.05.5
180.08.6
10.06.9
200.09.6
10.08.5
225.010.810.010.8
250.011.910.013.2
280.013.410.016.6
315.015.010.020.9
400.019.110.031.7
500.023.910.051.7
12.01.0
16.00.1
16.01.2
16.00.1
20.01.5
16.00.1
25.01.9
16.00.2
32.02.4
16.00.3
40.03.0
16.00.5
50.03.7
16.00.8
63.04.7
16.01.3
75.05.6
16.01.8
90.06.7
16.02.6
110.08.2
16.03.9
125.09.3
16.05.0
140.010.416.06.3
160.011.916.08.2
180.013.416.010.4
200.014.916.013.2
225.016.716.016.1
250.018.016.020.6
280.020.816.025.8
315.023.416.032.6
400.029.716.049.3
12.01.4
20.00.1
16.01.8
20.00.1
20.02.3
20.00.2
25.02.8
20.00.3
32.03.6
20.00.5
40.04.5
20.00.8
50.05.6
20.01.2
63.07.0
20.01.8
75.08.4
20.02.6
90.010.020.03.7
110.012.320.05.6
20.01.5
16.00.1
25.01.9
16.00.2
32.02.4
16.00.3
40.03.0
16.00.5
50.03.7
16.00.8
63.04.7
16.01.3
75.05.6
16.0
1.9
90.06.7
16.02.7
110.06.6
16.03.2
125.07.4
16.04.1
140.0.3
16.05.2
160.09.5
16.06.7
180.010.716.08.5
200.011.916.010.5
225.013.416.013.4
250.014.816.016.2
280.016.616.020.6
315.018.716.026.1
400.023.716.039.3
500.029.716.064.3
12.01.5
20.00.1
16.01.5
20.00.1
20.01.9
20.00.2
25.02.3
20.00.2
32.02.9
20.00.4
40.03.7
20.00
50.04.6
20.01.0
63.05.8
20.01.7
75.06.8
20.02.3
90.08.2
20.0
3.2
110.08.1
20.04.0
125.09.0
20.05.1
140.010.320.06.4
160.011.820.08.4
180.013.320.310.6
200.014.720.013.0
225.016.620.016.6
250.018.420.020.1
280.020.620.025.6
315.023.220.032.3
400.029.420.048.8
500.036.820.079.6
75.01.84.00.6
90.01.84.00.8
110.02.04.01.2
125.02.54.01.5
140.02.84.01.8
160.03.04.0
2.4
180.03.64.03.0
200.04.04.03.7
225.04.54.04.7
250.04.94.05.7
315.06.24.09.0
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
PN 6 PN 7.5 PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 16 PN 20 PN 4 PN 6 PN 10 PN 16 PN 20
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Selection of materials PVC-C: Post-Chlorinated Polyvinly Chloride 7.
General Properties of PVC-C
Post-chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (PVC-C is a highly versatile material that has been used for both pressure and drainage piping systems for above and below ground applications for more than forty years. It is an amorphous thermoplastic material with good tensile, flexural and mechanical strength, low moisture absorption, goodflammability characteristics, exceptional dimensional stability and good tenacity.
PVC-C also has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range of 0°C to 90°C, with a broad band of operating pressures. In addition, because of its long-term strength characteristics, high stiffness and costeffectiveness, PVC-C systems are suitable for a wide diversity of thermoplastic piping installations.
PVC-C systems feature a broad range of pipe sizes, fitting configurations, valve choices and ancillary itemscompared to other thermoplastic piping materials. PVC-C piping systems are joined by solvent cement welding, whilst transition joints can be made using flanges,threaded connections, mechanical fittings, and compression fittings. Hidro Plast supplies a comprehensive range of PVC-C piping systems in inch dimensions according to ASTM standards.
PVC-C exhibits thermal stability in the temperature range 5°C to 100°C, however at low temperatures the impact strength of PVC-C decreases. It is therefore not recommended for use at very low temperatures unless there is no likelihood of the piping materials being disturbed or subjected to impact damage. PVC-C is free from toxic metalsthus ensuring that it is physiologically harmless for drinking water and foodstuffs applications.
Some important advantages of PVC-C are: - Low Specific weight 1.5 g/cm³ - Wide range of applications - Good chemical and corrosion resistance - Safe for potable water applications - Low friction loss - Self extinguishing - High mechanical strength - Low coefficient of thermal expansion - Rigid and requires less support
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Selection of materials PVC-C: Post-Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Materials
Chemical resistance
Weathering resistance
Electrical characteristics
Physiological characteristics
PVC-C piping systems are produced without plasticizers and fillers, however for injection moulding purposes lubricants are added to assist in the production of complex parts, and to combat the effects of UV light, stabilisersare added. PVC-C is created when PVC homopolymer undergoes a chlorinating reaction resulting in additional chlorine atoms on the base atom. Owing to the high chlorine content of PVC-C, it does not support combustion after removal of a flame, and thus PVC-C falls into the class V-0 according to UL94. This material meets FMRC 4910 clean rooms materials flammability test protocol.
PVC-C displays excellent chemical resistance to a variety of commonly encountered industrial chemicals, such as acids, bases and salt solutions. Resistance to sodium hypochlorite solutions is also very good. PVC-C is not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, solvents, esters and ketones. The chemical resistance of PVC-C should be checked with our technical department for applications involving varnish, oils or fats, and PVC-C is not recommended for use with compressed air or gases. For information on the suitability of PVC-C for yourapplication, consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.
With the use of additives such as ultraviolet absorbers, PVC-C systems display excellent weathering resistance to the long-term effects of sunlight, wind and rain. Over time, grey PVC-C will lose some of its colour because of exposure to UV light and it will have slightly reduced impact strength. In extreme cases, the use of insulation or an application of UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat or the use of a water based paint will help to minimise theeffects of solar radiation.
PVC-C is non-conductive therefore systems will remain free from electrolytic corrosion. Precautions should be taken to avoid static discharge should any part of a PVC-C piping system pass through an area where explosive gasesmay be present.
PVC-C piping systems from IPS are free from lead, cadmium or other poisonous heavy metals. They are suitable for use in contact with cold potable water, and are WRAS listed for this application.
Properties of PVC-C (Average values)PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakImpact StrengthModulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)Coefficient of Linear Expansion Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Vicat Softening Point Water Absorption Surface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour
Vlaue1.5555308025000.07900> 1050.03Approx. 1013
0.066v-0Light Grey
Unitg / cm³N / mm²%J / m (23°C)N / mm²mm / m °C°C°C°C(VST / B 50)%Ωw ⁄ m · KUL
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Selection of materials PVC-C: Post-Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Pressure ratings for PVC-C pipe, fittings and valves
Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PVC-C (25 years of operation with design factor of 2.1 incorporated)
P - Permissible Pressure in barT - Temperature in °C
For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the pressure ratings for PVC-C pipes, fittings and valves. The pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation. The test requirements of ASTM standards for PVC-C pipes and fittings require minimum burst pressure ratings to be achieved. Consequently, in comparison to other materials, the pressure rating of PVC-C pipes and fittings can appear to be unusually high. Care should be taken to ensure that PVC-C systems are engineered in such a way thatthe pressure rating of the lowest rated component in the system is not exceeded.
Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PVC-C piping materials areshown in the following diagram:
ProductPVC-C Sch 40 pipePVC-C Sch 80 pipePVC-C Fabricated FittingsPVC-C Moulded FittingsPVC-C Moulded Fittings PVC-C Ball ValvesPVC-C Ball Valves PVC-C Butterfly Valves PVC-C Diaphragm Valves
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Size1 ¼"- 12"1 ¼"- 16"4” - 16"1 ¼"- 8"10" - 12"½” - 2”2½” - 6”1½ - 12”1½ - 8”
Pressure Rating at 20°C 53 bar - 9 bar78 bar - 15 bar10 bar16 bar10 bar16 bar10 bar10 bar16 bar - 5 bar
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
PN16
PN16
PN10
PN10
T
P
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Selection of materials PVC-C pipe availability: inch sizes
ASTM F441
ClassColour
1/4”
3/8”
1/2”
3/4”
1”
1”1/4”
1”1/2”
2”
21/2”
3”
3”1/2”
4”
5”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
Vent Pipe *Grey Grey Grey
Sch 40 Sch 80
168.34.7-
3.8219.14.7-
5.0273.04.7-
6.2
323.94.7-
7.4355.64.7-
8.2406.44.7-
9.4457.24.7-
11.3508.05.6-
13.6609.66.4-
18.7
13.72.253.80.117.12.342.80.221.32.841.40.326.72.933.10.433.43.431.00.542.23.625.50.748.33.722.80.960.33.919.31.173.05.220.71.888.95.517.92.3
101.65.716.62.8
114.36.015.23.3
168.37.112.45.9
219.18.211.08.9
273.09.39.712.6323.910.39.014.8355.611.19.016.7406.412.79.0
27.1
457.214.39.034.2
13.73.077.90.217.13.263.50.221.33.758.60.326.73.947.60.533.44.543.50.742.24.935.90.948.35.132.41.160.35.527.61.673.07.029.02.488.97.625.53.2
101.68.124.14.1
114.38.622.14.6
168.311.019.38.8
219.112.716.613.5273.015.115.920.0323.917.515.927.5355.619.115.233.1406.421.415.242.6457.223.815.255.8
* Harvel Plastics PVC-C vent pipe is manufactured fromraw material with a cell classification of 23437 as defined in ASTM 01784. This material meets the FMRC 4910 CleanRoom Materials Flammability Test protocol.
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Selection of materials ABS: Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene 11.
General Properties of ABS
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) has been manufactured as a pressure piping system for more than 30 years, and it is a widely used versatile material that can also be found in car parts, household goods, DIY tools as well asthermoplastic piping. ABS is a copolymer of Styrene and Acrylonitrile grafted to Polybutadiene. The chemical resistance of Acrylonitrile, added to the impact strength of Butadiene, combined with the processing properties of Styrene, produce andhomogenous material with chemical resistance, ductility and tensile strength. The Butadiene content of ABS provides exceptional resistance to impact damage at temperatures as low as -40°C and up to 70°C. ABS offers good abrasion resistance to aggressive slurries, and its smooth bore allows high flowvelocities whilst inhibiting the formation of scale. ABS piping systems are joined by solvent cement welding, whilst transition joints can be made using flanges,threaded connections, mechanical fittings, and compression fittings. ABS piping systems are available from IPS in both inch and metric dimensions, according to BS and ISO standards. Systems are available in inch sizes from 3/8" to 12" and metric sizes from 16mm to 315mm. ABS products are midgrey in colour in accordance with BS5252.
With the benefit of low temperature handling characteristics down to -40°C, ABS is used extensively for applications in conditioning and chilled water piping systems. Another key benefit is the high impact strength of the material, making ABS ideal for piping systems in exposed situations where potential damage may occur. ABS does not contain metallic stabilizers making it physiologically harmless andtherefore suitable for use with food and water applications.
Some of the important advantages of ABS are: - Low specific weight 1.04g/cm³ - Wide range of applications - Good chemical and corrosion resistance - Safe for potable water applications - High impact strength at low temperatures - Good abrasion resistance
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Selection of materials ABS: Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene Materials
Chemical resistance
Weathering resistance
Electrical characteristics
Physiological characteristics
ABS piping systems are produced without any harmful additives, making it a material that is ideally suited for food and water applications, including soft drinks, medical preparations and potable water. ABS is especially suitable for a wide range of applications at low temperatures, while in addition the low thermal conductivity of the material (0.2W/m°C) makes this piping material ideally suited to temperature sensitive applications, such as refrigerationand chilled water systems.
ABS displays good chem bases. ABS is not resist chlorinated and aromatic cal resistance to a wide range of chemicals including salt solutions, and most dilute acids and ant to concentrated mineral acids, organic acids and solvents such as esters, ketones and hydrocarbons. For detailed guidance on the chemical resistance of ABS,consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.
Over time, ABS will suffer some loss of properties when exposed to UV light. The surface of the material will lose shine and experience some colour change. In extreme cases, the use of insulation or an application of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or the use of a water based paint will help to minimise the effects of solarradiation.
ABS is non-conductive therefore systems will remain free from electrolytic corrosion. Precautions should be taken to avoid static discharge should any part of a ABS piping system pass through an area where explosive gases maybe present.
ABS piping systems from IPS are free from lead, cadmium or other poisonous heavy metals. They are suitable foruse in contact with cold potable water, and are WRAS listed for this application.
Properties of PVC-C (Average values)PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakImpact StrengthModulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)Coefficient of Linear Expansion Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Vicat Softening Point Water Absorption Surface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour
Vlaue1.03> 737> 104421000.170-4090> 1Approx. 1013
0.170HB7001 Light Grey
Unitg / cm³N / mm²%kJ m² (23°C)N/mm²mm/m °C°C°C°C(VST / B 50)%Ωw ⁄ m · KULRAL
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Selection of materials ABS: Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene Pressure ratings for ABS pipe, fittings and valves
Application limits of pipes and fittings made of ABS(25 years of operation with design factor of 2.1 incorporated)
P - Permissible Pressure in barT - Temperature in °C
For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the pressure ratings for ABS pipes, fittings and valves. Thepressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.
Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for ABS piping material areshown in the following diagram:
ProductABS Class B PipeABS Class C PipeABS Class D PipeABS Class E PipeABS Class B FittingsABS Class C FittingsABS Class D FittingsABS Class E FittingsABS Metric Pipe & FittingsABS Metric Pipe & FittingsABS Ball ValvesABS Ball ValvesABS Valves (other types)
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Size10"- 12"3/8"- 8"3/8"- 6"3/8"- 4"10” - 12"2½",5" and 8"6"3/8" - 4"16mm-250mm315mm3/8 / 16mm-2" / 63mm2½" / 75mm-4" / 110mm3/8 / 16mm-12" / 315mm
Pressure Rating at 20°C 6 bar9 bar12 bar15 bar6 bar9 bar12 bar15 bar10 bar8 bar16 bar10 bar10 bar or 6 bar
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Class E
Class D
Class C
Class B
PN10
Class E
Class D
Class CClass B
PN10
T
P
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Selection of materials ABS pipe availability: inch sizes
Inch Sizes Bs 5391 Metric Sizes ISO 161
ClassColour
3/8”
1/2”
3/4”
1”
11/4”
1”1/2”
2”
21/2”
3”
4”
5”
6”
8”
10”
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
200
225
250
31512”
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
ClassColourO.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
2509.76
10.2031512.2
614.20
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
273.012.1
610.2323.913.1
614.17
PN10Grey161.410
0.07201.510
0.10251.810
0.15322.010
0.22402.510
0.34503.210
0.52634.010
0.8375.04.710
1.15905.710
1.671106.910
2.471257.910
0.181408.810
1.0216010.010
5.2720012.510
8.1422514.110
10.3525015.710
12.6531519.710
20.08
PN6Grey
BGrey
CGrey
DGrey
EGrey
TGrey
33.62.09
0.2242.22.59
0.3448.32.89
0.4560.33.69
0.7075.25.09
1.3588.95.29
1.48114.36.79
2.48
17.11.715
0.0921.42.015
0.1426.72.515
0.2133.43.115
0.5248.34.515
0.6860.35.615
1.06
88.98.315
2.28114.310.615
3.76
17.13.512
0.1621.43.612
0.2226.73.612
0.2933.44.312
0.4442.25.312
0.8760.37.212
1.31
219.112.7
99.53
140.29.29
4.65168.39.99
5.47
168.37.112.45.3
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Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene 15.
General properties of polypropylene (standard types)
Polypropylene (PP) is a partially-crystalline thermoplastic from the polyolefin group of materials, and it is characterized by its low density when compared to other thermoplastics. A unique combination of properties including mechanical strength, chemical resistance and thermal stability all combine to make polypropylene one ofthe most popular piping systems materials. In accordance with DIN 8078, there are three different types of polypropylene that are referenced for use as pipingmaterials:
Type 1: PP-H (Homopolymer) Type 2: PP-B (Block -copolymer) Type 3: PP-R (Random copolymer) The pipes, sheets and semi-finished products supplied by IPS are manufactured from nucleoid PP-H 100 (Beta 13-PP), whilst fittings are produced from PP-R (polypropylene random copolymer).
In comparison to other thermoplastics such as PVC-U, polypropylene exhibits thermal stability up to 100°C (short-term 120°C for drainage systems). Polypropylene also shows good impact strength in comparison to PVC-U,with impact strength improving along with increasing temperature.
Polypropylene is physiologically non-toxic (in accordance with ONORM B5014, Part 1, FDA, BGA, and KTWguidelines) making it ideally suited for a piping material in contact with potable water.
Because of its non-polar nature, polypropylene generally exhibits a good resistance against a variety of chemicals, such as salts, acids, and alkalis. Good chemical resistance is also achieved against contact with solvents, such as alcohols, esters and ketenes’. Consequently, solvent cement welding of polypropylene pipes andfittings is not possible. In contrast, polypropyler of welding techniques FC High quality, reliable join heating element socket element butt fusion wail (IR) butt welding, and el techniques. Additionally, be joined using flanges, mechanicalcouplings. Le is ideally suited to a variety) r pressure piping applications. It can be achieved using fusion jointing, heating ding, non-contact Infra-Red ectrofusion welding polypropylene systems can threaded connections and Polypropylene piping systems are available from IPS in metric dimensions according to DIN 8077/8078 and DIN16962.
Some important advantages of polypropylene are: - Low specific weight of 0.91g/cm' - High long term creep resistance - Excellent chemical resistance - High resistance to thermal ageing - Outstanding welding characteristics - Excellent abrasion resistance - Smooth internal surfaces
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Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene MaterialsA process that involves copolymerizing with ethylene creates the special properties of PP-B and PP-R. This leads to higher impact strength in comparison to PP-H and improved processing characteristics (for example less dangerof shrinkage cavitations occurring during the injection molding process). The demands of industry have also created the need for special versions of polypropylene piping systems to be produced. For example, electro-conductive polypropylene has been developed to dissipate the static charges canresult from the flow of fluids or dust in a piping system. With the supplement of additives, modification of the general properties of polypropylene takes place, however because of these alterations, changes to the mechanical and chemical resistance properties occur when compared to the original material. When considering a special grade of polypropylene, it is therefore necessary toclarify the suitability of the intended application with our technical department. Some of the special polypropylene piping systems is as follows:
PP Pure PP-R (High purity grade Polypropylene random copolymer) Selected and fully traceable raw materials are manufactured under strictly controlled conditions. This material is ideal for less critical ultra-pure waterapplications.
Polypure PP-R: Natural (Polypropylene random copolymer, natural coloured) As natural PP-R contains no colour
PP-R: Black (Polypropylene random copolymer, black coloured) This material provides the UV resistance that is not available with standard PP grey.
PPs (Polypropylene homo-Polymer, flame-retardant)Due to its higher stiffness, is ideally suited for ventilation pipes. The flame-retardant properties enhance the materialof this application. Note that this material may not be used outdoors, as it is not UV stabilized.
PPs-el (Polypropylener random copolymer flame-retardant, electro-conductive) This material combines the benefits of flame retardant properties and electro-conductivity. It can be used forreasons in the transport of combustible material
Properties of Polypropylene (standard types - average values)
PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakNotched Impact Strength at 23°CNotched Impact Strength at -30°CModulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)Coefficient of liner ExpansionMaximum Operating TemperatureMinimum Operating Temperature Crystalline Melting TemperatureMelt Flow IndexSurface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour
PP-HVlaue0.9130>30050513000.1690-10160-1650.50>1013
0.22HB7023 Beige Grey
PP-RVlaue0.9125>3002529000.1690-10150-1540.50>1013
0.24HB7023 Beige Grey
Unitg / cm³MPa%kJ/ m²kJ/ m²MPa mm/m °C°C°C°Cg/10minΩw ⁄ m · KULRAL
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Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene Chemical resistanceThe chemical resistance of polypropylene is considered excellent, due to its non-polar nature. It is resistant to dilute (aqueous) solutions of salts, acids and alkalis and to a large number of organic solvents. Polypropylene is resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, however above certain concentration levels diffusion can occur. This does not damage the material itself but it can cause secondary damage to surrounding steel constructions. In this type of application, double containment piping systems have been found ideally suited. For further information on the suitability of polypropylene for your application, consult the chemical resistance tables orour technical department. Note: PP-R and Copper: Direct contact between PP-R and copper, especially at higher temperatures, can lead todeterioration of the physical properties of PP-R. Heat ageing is faster due to the accelerated thermal oxidization.
Weathering resistance Piping systems in beige grey polypropylene are not UV stabilised, and therefore they should be suitably protected against degradation when used outdoors - especially where there are high UV levels. Protection against direct solar radiation can be achieved by the application of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or by adding a layer of insulation. It is also possible to compensate for the surface damage that may arise by increasing the wall thickness of the piping system. In such cases, the additional wall thickness should be not less than 2mm. As polypropylene does not contain light stable colour pigments, it may experience a change of colour (fading)because of long-term weathering.
Physiological characteristics Polypropylene piping systems from IPS are physiologically non-toxic (in accordance with ONORM B5014, Part 1,DA, BGA, and KTW guidelines) making them ideally suited as a piping material in contact with potable water.
Characteristics of PP-Pure material PP-Pure piping is manufactured from a high purity grade of random copolymer polpropylene (PP-R in beige grey colour. The manufacturing process is carried out under controlled conditions, and the finished product is rinsed with de-ionised water before protective packaging. PP-Pure is especially suitable for applications in the chemical and inthe semiconductor industry for ultra-pure water systems, where it may be substituted for PVDF in less critical areas. The performance characteristics of PP-Pure are broadly similar to those of standard grades of polypropylene, therefore it is possible to reference the application and installation guidelines contained in this document. However to achieve the highest levels of performance it is recommended that welding be carried out using the Infra-Red (IR) non-contact butt fusion welding method. This method consistently produces the smallest weld profile and the welddetails are computer recorded, enabling complete traceability from raw material to installed system.
Characteristics of Polypure material Polypure is manufactured from a standard grade of random copolymer polpropylene (PP-R without heat stabilizers and therefore it is natural in colour. Polypure is therefore suitable for applications handling high purity liquids. Polypure may be joined using any of the standard polypropylene fusion welding methods. However for best resultsit is recommended to use Infra-Red (IR) non-contact butt fusion welding method. The performance of Polypure against chemicals is broadly similar to standard grades of polypropylene. However it is recommended that it is installed for use at temperatures only up to 50°C. At higher temperatures a discolorationof the material appears although this has no effect on the mechanical, thermal and/or electrical properties.
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Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene Pressure ratings for polypropylene pipe, fittings and valves For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the available pressure ratings for polypropylene pipes and fittings. Valves are available in a variety of types, including ball, diaphragm and butterfly. The pressure rating is dependant upon the size and type and is typically within the range 6 bar (87 psi) to 10 bar (145 psi). The pressurerating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.
ProductPP-H Pipes S - 20 / SDR41PP-H Pipes S - 16 / SDR33PP-H Pipes S - 12.5 / SDR26PP-H Pipes S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP-H Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP-H Pipes S - 3.2 / SDR7.4PP-R Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP-R Socket Fusion FittingsPP-R Butt Fusion Fittings S - 16 / SDR33PP-R Butt Fusion Fittings S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP-R Butt Fusion Fittings S - 5 / SDR11PP-H Electro-Fusion FittingsPP-R Ball ValvesPP-R Ball ValvesPP-R Ball Diaphragm ValvesPP-R Ball Butterfly ValvesPP-R Ball Butterfly Valves
Size63mm - 1400mm50mm - 1200mm40mm - 1000mm20mm - 710mm16mm - 500mm12mm - 160mm20mm - 315mm20mm - 110mm110mm - 500mm50mm - 500mm20mm - 500mm20mm - 225mm16mm - 75mm90mm - 110mm20mm - 110mm90mm - 140mm160mm - 225mm
Pressure Rating at 20°C 1.5 bar3.2 bar4.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar3.2 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar
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Selection of materials PP: Polypropylene Pressure ratings for polypropylene pipe, fittings and valves Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PP piping material are shownin the following diagram:
Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PP-H (25 years of operation with design factor of 2.0 incorporated)
P - Permissible Pressure in barT - Temperature in °C
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
PN16 / S-3.2 / SDR 7.4
PN16 / S-3.2 / SDR 7.4
PN10 / S-5 / SDR 11
PN10 / S-5 / SDR 11
PN6 / S-8 / SDR 17
PN6 / S-8 / SDR 17
T
P
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Selection of materials PP-H Polypropylene pipe avalability
Metric Sizes DIN 8077 / 8078
Size
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
710
800
900
1000
1200
1400
SeriesSDRWorking Pressure
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
4006.07.204506.08.125008.0
11.9056010.016.6063010.018.8071012.025.3080012.028.6090015.040.10100015.044.60120018.064.10140021.083.20
4009.8
11.6045011.015.6050012.318.1056013.722.6063015.428.5071017.436.3080019.646.1090022.058.10100024.572.00120029.4
103.00140034.3
141.00
40012.314.4045013.818.2050015.322.3056017.228.1063019.335.5071021.845.2080024.557.2090027.672.50100030.689.20120036.7
128.00
1403.51.481604.01.911804.42.362004.92.932255.53.702506.24.592806.95.733157.77.193558.79.14
1404.31.781604.92.321805.52.942006.23.652256.94.572507.75.672808.67.093159.78.9735510.911.30
6318.00.35751.90.44902.20.601102.70.901253.11.17
632.00.38752.30.52902.80.761103.41.111253.91.45
40015.317.7045017.222.4050019.127.6056021.434.6063024.143.9071027.255.8080030.670.8090034.489.40100038.2
110.00
1405.42.211606.22.891806.93.632007.74.502258.65.652509.66.9928010.78.7231512.111.1035513.614.00
632.50.47752.90.65903.50.941104.2
1.361254.81.76
401.80.22502.00.30
40022.725.70450
25.5032.5050028.340.1056031.750.3063035.763.7071040.280.70
1408.03.201609.14.1518010.25.2220011.46.4722512.88.1925014.210.1028015.912.6031517.916.0035520.120.20
633.60.66754.30.93905.11.321106.31.981257.12.54
201.80.10251.81.13321.90.18402.30.27502.90.42
40036.339.5045040.950.1050045.461.70
14012.74.8716014.66.3818016.46.0520018.29.9222520.512.6025022.715.5028025.419.4031528.624.6035532.231.10
635.81.01756.81.40908.22.0211010.03.0112511.43.89
202.50.14252.70.19322.90.26
161.80.08
403.70.41504.60.64
14019.26.9316021.99.0418024.611.4020027.414.1022530.817.90
638.61.4175
10.32.0090
12.32.8611015.14.2912517.15.52
202.80.15253.50.23324.40.37
162.20.09
121.80.06
101.80.05
405.50.58506.90.90
501.80.27
Ventilation S-20SDR41PN2.5
S-16SDR33PN3.2
S-12.5SDR26
PN4
S-8.3SDR17.6
PN6
S-5SDR11PN10
S-3.2SDR7.4PN16
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Selection of materials Polypropylene pipe avalability - special grades
Metric Sizes DIN 8077 / 8078 PP-R Copolymer PP Pure Polypure
Size
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
SeriesSDRWorking Pressure
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
20018.29.9222520.512.6025022.715.5028025.419.4031528.624.60
11010.03.0112511.43.8914012.74.8716014.66.3818016.48.04
403.70.41504.60.64635.81.01
322.90.26
252.70.19
S-5SDR 11PN10
202.50.15
756.81.40908.22.02
20018.29.9222520.512.6025022.715.5028025.419.4031528.624.60
11010.03.0112511.43.8914012.74.8716014.66.3818016.48.04
403.70.41504.60.64635.81.01
322.90.26
252.70.19
S-5SDR 11PN10
202.50.15
756.81.40908.22.02
11010.03.09
403.70.41504.60.64635.81.01
322.90.26
252.70.19
S-5SDR 11PN10
202.50.15
908.22.02
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Selection of materials Polypropylene pipe avalability - special gradesMetric Sizes DIN 8077 / 8078 PPs: Flame Retardent PPs: Flame Retardent Electrically Conductive
Size
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
SeriesSDRWorking Pressure
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
2003.01.712253.52.472503.52.752804.03.483155.05.54
202.50.14252.70.19322.92.27403.70.42504.60.65635.81.03756.81.44908.22.0811010.03.09
14012.74.9916014.66.55
751.90.45902.20.621102.70.921253.11.20
1604.01.97
2004.93.00
2506.54.72
1403.61.321603.01.531803.01.17
6.32.00.39
902.80.781103.41.14
1604.90.38
2006.23.752256.94.692507.75.82
3555.05.544006.07.394506.08.33
2003.02.282253.02.622503.53.50
3155.05.80
504.60.79635.81.20756.82.5011010
3.31
1603.01.821803.00.05
1605.52.90
2006.94.50
1609.15.1
20011.48.00
902.80.39
2257.75.86
1103.01.24
1103.41.40
1106.32.40
11010
3.31
322.90.32
3555.06.604006.07.40
4009.8
11.8845011.014.99
3159.79.2135510.911.60
Ventilation S-20SDR41PN2.5
S-16SDR33PN3.2
S-5SDR11PN10
Ventilation S-16SDR33PN3.2
S-8.3SDR17.6
PN6
S-5SDR11PN10
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Selection of materials PE: Polyethylene 23.
General properties of polypropylene (standard types)
Polyethylene (PE) is a partially-crystalline thermoplastic from the polyolefin in group of materials, and it is characterized by its low density when compared to other thermoplastics. A unique combination of properties including mechanical strength, chemical resistance and thermal stability all combine to make polyethylene one ofthe most popular piping systems materials. Polyethylene is non-polar and exhibits a good resistance against a variety of chemicals, however strong oxidising acids attack the material. Good chemical resistance is achieved against contact with solvents, such as alcohols, esters and ketones. Consequently, solvent cement welding of PE pipes and fittings is not possible. When compared to other thermoplastics, PE shows excellent diffusion resistance, and because of this property, polyethylene hasbeen successfully applied for the safe transportation of gases for many years. The black colored PE supplied by IPS is stabilized against the effects of UV radiation, and it may therefore safely beused outdoors. The stabilization also counteracts heat fatigue, increasing the operating life.
Polyethylene is ideally suited to a variety of welding techniques for pressure piping applications. High quality, reliable joints can be achieved using heating element socket fusion jointing, heating element butt fusion welding and electro fusion welding techniques. Additionally, PE systems can be joined using flanges, threaded connectionsand mechanical couplings.
Polyethylene is no longer described by its density (LDPE, MOPE or HDPE), but by its resistance class according to ISO 9080 (PE 63, PE 80 or PE 100). Polyethylene piping systems are available from IPS in metric dimensionsaccording to DIN 8077/8078 and DIN 16962.
In comparison to other thermoplastics, polyethylene exhibits thermal stability up to 60°C (short-term 70° for drainage systems). Polyethylene shows excellent impact strength, with impact strength rising with increasing temperature.
Some important advantages of polypropylene are: - Low specific weight of 0.95g/cm³- Favourable transportation methods (can be coiles) - High long term creep resistance- Very good chemical resistance- Weathering resistance- Radiation resistance - Outstanding weldability - Excellent abrasion resistance- Smooth internal surfaces- Resistant to freezing
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Selection of materials PP: Polyethylene MaterialsThe polyethylene pipes and fittings supplied by IPS are manufactured from PE8O or from third generation PE100 material. This latest generation PE100 material (also known as MRS 10) has a higher density and improved mechanical properties. Because of these enhanced properties, PE100 material can achieve a corresponding pressure rating using a reduced wall thickness when compared to previous generations of polyethylene piping. Some of the improved properties, such as increased stiffness and hardness, also make it ideally suitable for compressed air applications. In addition, PE100 material exhibits excellent resistance to creep pressure and rapidcrack propagation. Special grades of polyethylene can be made with the supplement of additives, modifying the general properties of the material, however, because of these modifications, changes to the mechanical and chemical resistance properties can occur when compared to the original material. When considering a special grade of polyethylene, itis therefore necessary to clarify the suitability of the intended application with our technical department.
Polyethylene pipes and fittings are also available in the following special grades: PE8O-el: (Polyethylene, electro-conductive) This material develops the electrical conductivity of PE8O. It can be used for safety reasons in the transport of combustible material, especially for the conveying of dust. A connection to earth is possible. PE100 FM Approved This material hac hoen tested under FM161O and is approved for underground fire serviceapplications.
Properties of Polypropylene (average values)
PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakNotched Impact Strength at 23°CNotched Impact Strength at -30°CModulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)Coefficient of liner ExpansionMaximum Operating TemperatureMinimum Operating Temperature Crystalline Melting TemperatureMelt Flow IndexSurface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour
PE80Vlaue0.9420>600124.59500.1860-40128-1310.40 - 0.50>1013
0.43HBBlack
PE100Vlaue0.9525>60016611000.1860-40127-1300.30 - 0.55>1013
0.40HBBlack
Unitg / cm³MPa%kJ/ m²kJ/ m²MPa mm/m °C°C°C°Cg/10minΩw ⁄ m · KUL
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Selection of materials PP: Polyethylene Chemical resistance The chemical resistance of polyethylene is considered excellent, due to its non-polar nature. It is resistant to dilute (aqueous) solutions of salts, acids and alkalis and to a large number of organic solvents. Against concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid polyethylene is resistant, however above certain concentration levels diffusion can occur which do not damage the material but causes secondary damage to surrounding steel constructions. In this type of application, double containment piping systems have been found ideally suited. For further details of the suitability of polyethylene for your application, please consult our chemical resistance tables orour technical department.
Weathering resistance Piping systems in black polyethylene are UV stabilized, and therefore they do not need to be protected against degradation. To help control the heating effects of UV radiation, the pipe surface may be protected by theapplication of a UV absorbent coating such as AGRU Coat, or by adding a layer of insulation.
Radioactivity resistance Polyethylene pipes and fittings are well established for drainage systems applications handling radioactive waste water from laboratories as well as for cooling water piping systems for the nuclear power industry. PE remainsunaffected by regular exposure to a radiation dose of up to 104 Gray.
Physiological characteristics Polyethylene piping systems from IPS are physiologically non-toxic (in accordance with ONORM B5014, Part 1,FDA, BGA, and KTW guidelines) making them ideally suited as a piping material in contact with potable water.
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Selection of materials PE: Polyethylene
Pressure ratings for polypropylene pipe, fittings and valves For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the available pressure ratings for polyethylene pipes, fittings and valves the pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department beforeinstallation.
Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PE piping is shown in thefollowing diagram:
Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PE80 and PE100 (25 years of operation with design factor of 1.6 incorporated)
P - Permissible Pressure in barT - Temperature in °C
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
T
P
PE 100 S-5 / SDR11
PE 80 S-5 / SDR11PE 100 S-5 / SDR17
PE 80 S-8 / SDR17PE 100 S-5 / SDR11
PE 80 S-5 / SDR11PE 100 S-5 / SDR17
PE 80 S-8 / SDR17
ProductPP80 Pipes S - 20 / SDR41PP80 Pipes S - 16 / SDR33PP80 Pipes S - 12.5 / SDR26PP80 Pipes S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP80 Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP100 Pipes S - 3.2 / SDR17.6PP100 Pipes S - 5 / SDR11PP80 Socket Fusion FittingsPP80 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP80 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 5 / SDR11PP100 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 16 / SDR33PP100 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 8.3 / SDR17.6PP100 Butt Fusion Fittings S - 5 / SDR11PP100 Electro-Fusion FittingsPP100 Ball Valves
Size (O.D.)63mm - 1400mm50mm - 1400mm40mm - 630mm20mm - 800mm16mm - 630mm40mm - 800mm20mm - 630mm20mm - 110mm63mm - 315mm20mm - 315mm110mm - 500mm50mm - 500mm20mm - 500mm20mm - 400mm32mm - 180mm
Pressure Rating at 20°C 2.5 bar3.2 bar4.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar10.0 bar5.0 bar10.0 bar16.0 bar1.0 bar10.0 bar
* Note that FM approved PE100 systems are rated for continuous use at 12 bar.
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Selection of materials PE80 Polyethylene pipe availability
Metric Sizes DIN 8074
Size
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
710
800
900
1000
1200
1400
SeriesSDRWorking Pressure
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
Ventilation S-20SDR41PN2.5
S-16SDR33PN3.2
S-12.5SDR26
PN4
S-8.3SDR17.6
PN6
S-5SDR11PN10
S-3.2SDR7.4PN16
S-16SDR33PN3.2
S-8.3SDR17.6
PN6
S-5SDR11PN10
4008.09.934508.0
11.205008.0
12.5056010.017.4063010.019.6071012.026.4080012.029.8090015.041.80100015.046.60120018.067.00140020.086.80
4009.8
12.1045011.015.2050012.318.9056013.723.6063015.429.8071017.437.9080019.648.1090022.060.70100024.575.20120029.4
108.00140034.3
147.00
40012.315.0045013.819.0050015.323.3056017.229.4063019.337.0071021.847.2080024.559.7090027.675.60100030.693.10120036.7
134.00140042.9
183.00
40015.318.5045017.223.4050019.128.9056021.436.2063024.144.8071027.258.3080030.673.9090034.493.30100038.2
115.00120045.9
166.00
40022.726.9045025.534.0050028.341.8056031.752.5063035.766.5071040.284.0080045.3
107.00
40036.341.2045040.952.3050045.464.5056050.880.8063057.2
102.00
14019.27.2416021.99.4418024.611.9020027.414.7022530.818.6025034.223.0028038.328.8031543.136.5035548.846.3040054.758.80
638.61.4775
10.32.0990
12.32.9911015.14.4812517.15.76
1604.92.531805.53.192006.23.972256.94.992507.76.17
3159.79.76
40012.315.60
1103.41.211253.91.58
1609.14.5118010.25.6820011.47.0422512.88.9125014.211.00
31517.917.40
25022.716.80
31528.626.70
905.11.441106.32.151257.02.77
16014.66.9518016.48.7520018.210.8022520.513.70
908.22.2011010.03.2812511.44.23
322.90.28403.70.45504.60.69635.81.10756.81.53
202.80.15253.50.24324.40.38
162.20.09
121.80.06
101.80.05
405.50.60506.90.94
14012.75.0816014.66.6718016.48.4020018.210.4022520.513.10
1408.03.341609.14.3318010.25.5420011.46.7622512.88.55
25022.716.2028025.420.2031528.625.6035532.235.50
25014.210.5028015.913.2031517.916.7035520.121.10
635.81.05756.81.47908.22.1111010.03.1412511.44.06
633.60.69754.30.97905.11.381106.32.071257.12.65
202.50.14252.70.19322.90.27
161.80.08
403.70.43504.60.67
201.80.11251.81.14321.90.19402.30.28504.90.44
1405.42.301606.23.021806.93.792007.74.692258.65.892509.67.3028010.79.1031512.111.5035513.614.60
632.50.49752.90.68903.50.981104.21.421254.81.84
401.80.23502.00.31
1404.31.861604.92.421805.53.072006.23.812256.94.772507.75.922808.67.403159.79.3735510.911.80
632.00.40752.30.54902.80.791103.41.161253.91.51
1403.51.541604.02.001804.42.462004.93.052255.53.862506.24.792806.95.983157.77.513558.79.55
631.80.36751.90.46902.20.631102.70.941253.11.22
501.80.29
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Selection of materials PE100 Polyethylene pipe availability
Metric Sizes DIN 8074 PE100 PE100 FM Approved
Size
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
710
800
SeriesSDRWorking Pressure
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Weight/m (kg)
20011.197.0522513.48.9325014.810.9028016.613.7031518.717.40
35521.122.1040023.728.0045026.735.4050029.743.8056033.254.8063037.469.40
71042.188.1080047.4
112.00
1106.62.151257.42.761408.34.451609.54.5218010.75.69
402.40.29503.00.46633.80.72
S-5SDR 17PN10
754.51.01905.41.46
20018.210.4022520.513.1025022.716.2028025.420.2031528.625.60
35532.232.5040036.341.2045040.952.3050045.464.5056050.880.8063057.2
102.00
11010.03.1412511.44.0614012.75.0816014.66.6718016.48.40
403.70.43504.60.67635.81.05756.81.47908.22.11
20018.210.4022520.513.1025022.716.2028025.420.2031528.625.60
35532.232.5040036.341.20
11010.03.1412511.44.0614012.75.0816014.66.6718016.48.40
635.81.05756.81.47908.22.11
252.30.17322.90.27
S-5SDR 11PN16
202.00.12
S-5SDR 11PN12
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Selection of materials PVDF: Polyvintlidene Fluoride29.
General properties of PVC-U
High purity grades of PVDF
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a thermoplastic that is distinguished from other fluorinated polymers by its ease of processing, good welding characteristics, and good heat formability. PVDF also has high mechanical strength, excellent chemical resistance, and high operating temperature capabilities. It has the widest range of applicationsof any of the thermoplastics used for rigid piping systems. The excellent chemical resistance of PVDF means that it is extensively used in the chemical industry as a piping system for aggressive liquids, and in the field of tank construction and lining. PVDF is a homopolymer without additives such as stabilizers and processing agents. It also displays excellent flame retardant properties. Consequently, PVDF is listed with many worldwide agencies as suitable for use with foodstuffs, dairy products, hot and cold water in the semi-conductor and pharmaceutical industries, and for other applications in the food anddrug sector. Physiologically non-toxic, the smooth surface finish of PVDF does not encourage the growth of microorganisms. When coupled with its low friction coefficient, these natural anti fouling characteristics make PVDF ideally suited toapplications involving ultra-pure liquids.
PVDF also has good resistance to UV and gamma radiation, including ageing resistance. However, in the case of direct radiation from UV lamps with a wavelength of 184 nanometer, it is recommended to use a stainless steeldiaphragm valve or a 90° bend at the connection points to reflect the UV light.
PVDF does not support combustion after removal of a flame, and thus it falls into the class V-0 according to UL94This material meets FMRC 4910 clean rooms materials flammability test protocol. PVDF has excellent welding characteristics, and can be joined by either heating element socket fusion welding, heating element butt fusion welding, non-contact Infra-Red (IR) welding or electro fusion welding techniques. Additionally, PVDF systems can be joined using flanges, threaded connections and mechanical couplings. PVDF piping systems are available from IPS in metric dimensions according to DIN 8077/8078 and DIN 16962.
In comparison to other thermoplastics such as polypropylene, PVDF exhibits thermal stability up to 120°C, (short term 140°C for drainage systems). PVDF also has good impact strength, which rises further as the temperature increases.
Some important advantages of polypropylene are: - Low specific weight of 0.91g/cm³ - High long term creep resistance - Excellent chemical resistance - High resistance to thermal ageing - Outstanding welding characteristics - Excellent abrasion resistance- Smooth internal surfaces
PVDF UHP is an extremely pure grade of polyvinylidene fluoride containing no UV or heat stabilizers, lubricants or flame-retardent additives. Consequently it is particularly suitable for ultra-pure water piping installations and for thetransportation of clear chemical liquids in the semiconductor or pharmaceutical industries.
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Selection of materials PVDF: Polyvinylidene Fluoride
MaterialsProperties of Polypropylene (average values) PropertyDensityTensile StrengthElongation at BreakNotched Impact Strength at 23°CModulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)Coefficient of liner ExpansionMaximum Operating TemperatureMinimum Operating Temperature Crystalline Melting TemperatureSurface Resistance Thermal Conductivity Flammability Colour
Vlaue1.76>50801120000.12140-40174>1012
0.13V-0Natural
Unit
g / cm³
MPa%
kJ/ m²MPa mm/m °C°C°C°CΩ
w ⁄ m · KUL
PVDF has an outstanding resistance to inorganic and organic acids, oxidizing media, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and halogenated solvents. PVDF is resistant to halogens, in particular bromine (but not fluorine) and to weak bases. It is degraded by fuming sulphuric acid, some strong basic amines, concentrated andhot alkalis as well as alkaline metals.
PVDF swells in high-polar solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate. It is also slightly soluble in aphoristic solvents, for example dimethyl form amide and dimethyl sulphide. For further information on the suitability of PVDF for your application, consult the chemical resistance tables or our technical department.
Chemical resistance
Piping systems in PVDF are resistant to UV, and therefore they do not need to be protected against degradation when used outdoors.
Weathering resistance
PVDF is physiologically non-toxic, and meets the European Directive 90/128/EEC relating to plastic materials in contact with foodstuffs. It is particularly suitable for high purity applications handling hot and cold water in the semi-conductor and pharmaceutical industries, and for applications in the food and drug sector.
Physiological characteristics
PVDF UHP piping is manufactured from an ultra high purity grade resin in natural colour. The manufacturing process is carried out under controlled clean room conditions, and the finished product is rinsed with de-ionized water before protective packaging. PVDF UHP pipes and fittings meet the high demands of the semiconductor industry - for example they are able to maintain the specific resistance of de-ionized and ultra pure water above 18 MΩ.cm (0.055µS) The performance characteristics of PVDF UHP are broadly similar to those of standard grades of PVDF, therefore it is possible to reference the application and installation guidelines contained in this document. However to achieve the highest levels of performance it is recommended that welding be carried out using the Infra-Red (IR) non-contact butt fusion welding method. This method consistently produces the smallest weld profile and the weld details are computer recorded, enabling complete traceability from raw material to installed system.
Characteristics of PVDF UHP (Ultra High Purity Grade)
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Selection of materials PVDF: Polyvinylidene Fluoride
Pressure ratings for PVDF pipe, fittings and valves For guidance, the following table gives an indication of the available pressure ratings for polyethylene pipes, fittings and valves. The pressure rating of individual items should always be verified with our technical department before installation.
Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The application limits for PVDF piping is shown in the following diagram:
ProductPVDF Pipe S - 16 / SDR33PVDF Pipe S - 10 / SDR21PVDF Socket Fusion Fittings* Adaptor Fittings 10.0 barPVDF Butt Fusion Fittings S-16 / SDR33PVDF Butt Fusion Fittings S-10 / SDR21PVDF Electro-Fusion FittingsPVDF Ball ValvesPVDF Ball ValvesPVDF Diaphragm ValvesPVDF Butterfly ValvesPVDF Butterfly Valves
Size (O.D.)63mm - 400mm20mm - 280mm20mm - 110mm
90mm - 315mm20mm - 280mm20mm - 63mm20mm - 75mm90mm - 110mm20mm - 110mm90mm - 140mm160mm - 225mm
Pressure Rating at 20°C 10.016.0 bar20.0 bar*
10.0 bar16.0 bar16.0 bar16.0 bar10.0 bar
10.0 bar10.0 bar6.0 bar
Application limits of pipes and fittings made of PVDF (25 years of operation with design factor of 1.6 incorporated)
P - Permissible Pressure in barT - Temperature in °C
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
PE 16
PE 10
PE 10
PE 16
T
P
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Selection of materials PVDF pipe availability
Metric Size ISO 161 Standard Grade UHP Ultra High Purity Grade
Size
SeriesSDRWorking Pressure
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
O.D (mm)Wall (mm)Max WP (bar)Weight/m (kg)
632.5-
0.93
1103.0-
1.94
1403.0-
2.49
1603.0-
2.86
2003.0-
3.58
2503.0-
4.48
3154.0-
7.47
3554.0-
9.34
4005.0-
11.81
632.510
0.93
752.510
1.11
902.810
1.48
1103.410
2.20
1253.910
2.84
1256.016
4.24
1404.310
3.52
1604.910
4.54
1805.510
5.74
2256.910
8.95
2808.610
13.86
2006.210
7.19
2507.710
11.09
633016
1.09
753.616
1.55
904.316
2.22
1105.316
3.32
1406.716
5.31
402.416
0.55
161.516
0.14
201.916
0.21
251.916
0.27
322.416
0.55
503.016
0.85
1607.716
6.96
1808.616
8.74
22510.816
13.67
28013.416
21.11
2009.616
10.74
2006.210
7.19
25011.09
1616.73
1256.016
4.24
633016
1.09
753.616
1.55
904.316
2.22
1105.316
3.32
1406.716
5.31
402.416
0.55
201.916
0.21
251.916
0.27
322.416
0.55
503.016
0.85
1607.716
6.96
1808.616
8.74
22510.816
13.67
28013.416
21.11
2009.616
10.74
25011.09
1616.73
1253.910
2.84
902.810
1.48
1103.410
2.20
1404.310
3.52
1604.910
4.54
1805.510
5.74
2256.910
8.95
2808.610
13.86
2507.710
11.09
3159.710
17.55
3159.710
17.55
* Listed by FM Global as meeting theFMRC 4910 Clen Room MaterialsFlammability Test protocol
35510.910
22.00
40012.310
28.03
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
Ventilation * S-16SDR 33PN 10
S-10SDR33PN 16
S-16SDR 33PN 10
S-10SDR21PN 16
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Selection of materials Selection Guidelines33.Overview Each of the plastic materials used for piping systems has a unique set of properties that make a particular material suitable for some applications and in some cases not for others. In many applications, there will be a choice of materials suitable for a particular process installation, and when this occurs there are many other factors that may be considered, including material cost and ease of installation.
When choosing the correct material for a particular application, the designer must consider a number of key factors. Optimum life expectancy can only be achieved through the selection of the most cost effective thermoplastic piping material. In this respect, three principal factors must be considered to determine the best choice of material to be used:
1. What is the fluid to be handled? 2. What is the operating (and design) pressure? 3. What is the operating (and design) temperature? Inevitably, there will also be other factors that influence material selection. Some of these considerations will include:
- What pipe size is required? - What is the life expectancy of the system? - Will the pipe run above or below ground? - What are the environmental conditions? - Will the pipe be exposed to UV light? - Is there a risk of impact damage? - Will the fluid carry suspended solids?
To assist the designer in selecting the correct type of thermoplastic piping for the intended application, the following pages provide a guide to the principal selection criteria. Detailed assistance is readily available from our technical department upon request.
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Selection of materials Chemical resistance 34.Chemical resistance of the piping material
Chemical resistance of solvent cement welded joints
Chemical resistance of fusion welded joints
Chemical resistance of valves
Chemical resistance of the piping material Plastics are widely used not only for water, but also to handle aggressive chemicals. Consequently the determination of the fluid to be carried is therefore one of the prime concerns in the selection process. Other factors, such as the installation environment, also need to be considered. However, the usual starting point for most applications is to determine which material provides the best chemical resistance performance. The chemical resistance of thermoplastic piping against a broad range of commonly used chemicals can be found in the chemical resistance tables, however we would recommend that in case of doubt that you contact our technical department for clarification. The data shown is based on immersion tests and is given as a guide only as no guarantees can be given in respect of the information shown. Where there is any concern over the suitability of a material, it is recommended to test using the specific working conditions in a pilot installation. In all cases the suitability of the piping materials, jointing methods and sealing materials (elastomeric for '0' rings, and flange gaskets). must be verified before the commencement of an installation. When referring to the chemical resistance tables, the classifications Resistant, Conditionally Resistant and Not Recommended are shown using the symbols +, 0 and - respectively. Whilst the terms Resistant and Not Recommended are self explanatory, the term Conditionally Resistant indicates that the medium can attack or cause swelling in the material. The service life is usually shortened and may be restricted by pressure and/or temperature. Note that the data in the tables is based on information from the raw material suppliers, gained using direct contact between the chemical and the un-processed raw material. The resistance of any of the finished products against these media has not been verified. There is no given or intended legally binding assurance of material properties or of suitability for a specific purpose. Materials must be tested under actual service conditions to determine the suitability for a specific application
The chemical resistance of the joints in a solvent welded piping system are thesame as the material itself. However, PVC-U or PVC-C solvent welded joints in systems handling the following chemicals can be degraded and require the use of Weld On 724 solvent cement to ensure chemical compatibility: Hydrochloric Acid 25%+ concentrationNitric Acid 20%+ concentration Sulphuric Acid 70%+ concentration Hydrofluoric Acid in any concentration
joints Thermoplastic piping systems in polypropylene, polyethylene, ECTFE or PVDF are made with fusion-welded joints using either socket fusion, electro fusion and IR or butt fusion welding techniques. Correctly made fusion joints will have the same chemical resistance as the pipe itself, however in situations where the piping material may be susceptible to stress cracking from the media, the joint itself may be subject to increased risk.
Chemical resistance of valves In most cases, valves are manufactured from the same parent material as the pipe-fittings and it can therefore be regarded that their chemical resistance matches that of the piping material. However, valves will usually incorporate elastomeric materials that will be exposed to the media during normal operation. Care should be taken to check the chemical resistance of the elastomeric seals against the chemical to be used in the chemical resistance tables.
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Selection of materials Chemical resistance
Media A - CO
= No Data - = Not Recommended 0 = Conditionally Resistant + = Resistant
Material°C
Concentration
PVC-U20 40 60
PVC-C20 40 60 80 95
ABS20 40 60 80
PE20 40 60
PP20 60 80 100
PVDF20 60 80 100 120
EPDM20 40 60 80
FPM20 60 80 100 120
ACETALDEHTDE
ACETIC ACID
ACETIC ACID ANHYDRIDEACETONEACRYLONITRILEADIPIC ACIDALCOHOLIC SPIRITSALLTL ALCOHOLALUMUNIUM CHLORIDEALUMUNIUM SULPHATEAMMONIAAMMONIUM ACETATEAMMONIUM HYDROGENFLUORIDEAMMONIUM AOMPOUNDS:SEE SODIUMAMYL ACETATEAMYL ALCOHOLANILINEANILINE HYDROCHLORIDEANTIMONY TRICHLORIDEAQUA REGIAARSENIC ACID
BARIUM HYDROXIDEBARIUM SALTSBEEF TALLOW EWULSION,SULPHONATEDBEERBENZALDEHYDEBENZENEBENZENE
BENZONIC ACIDBENZYL ALCOHOLBLEACHING LYE
BORAXBORIC ACIDBRINE, SEA WATERBROMINE, LIQUIDBULADIENEBUTANEBUTANEDIOLBUTANOLBUTYLE ACETATEBUTLY PHENOL, P-TERTIARYBUTYLENE GLYCOLBUTYLENE LIQUIDBUTYRIC ACID
CALCIUM BISULPHATECALCIUM CHLORIDECALCIUM HYDROXIDECALCIUM HYPOCHLORITECALCIUM NITRATECARBON DIOXIDE(CARBON ACID)CARBON DISULPHIDECARBON TETRACHLORIDECAUSIT SODA SOLUTION(sodium hydroxide)CHLORAL HYDRATECHLORIC ACIDCHLORINE
CHLORINE WATERCHLOROACETIC ACID, MONOCHLOROENZENECHLOROETHANOLCHLOROFORMCHLOROSULPHONIC ACIDCHROME ALUM(CHROMIUMPOTASSIUM SULPHATE)CHROME ACIDCIDERCITRIC ACIDCOPPER SALT
cold saturated, aqueoussaturated, aqueous, all
aqueous, saturatedcold saturated, aqueous
50% aqueous
technically pure moisttechnically puretechnically pure
up to 40% aqueousup to 50% aqueous
technically pure10% aqueous
moist, 97% gaseousanhydrous, tech pure
liquid, technically puresaturated
50% aqueoustechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure
cold saturated, aqueousall, aqueous
10% aqueous10% aqueous
aqueous, saturatedaqueous, all
usual commercialusual commercial
aqueous, saturatedtechnically purefree of lead and
aromatic compoundsaqueous, all
technically pure12.5% active chlorine
aqueousaqueous, allaqueous, all
technically puretechnically puretechnically pure
aqueous, 10%technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure
Technically40% aqueous solution
technically pure, glacial10% aqueous
technically puretechnically puretechnically pure
saturated, aqueousapp, 40% ethyl alcohol
96%saturated
cold saturated, aqueousgaseous, tech pure
aqueous, all
50%, aqueous
ctechnically puretechnically pure
aqueous, Saturated90% aqueous
80% aqueous
-00+---++0++++
+
-+-++++
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+++-++++-0+++
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+--++-+00-0+---0
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+
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0
+
+
+0+
++
++
+
+
0+0
+
+
-+
++
+
+
+-
+
+
++
+
+
+
+
++
0
+
-+0+
+
+
+++++
+
-+
0+-+
0-+
+
++
+
+
+
-
+
0
+
0+++++++
+++++
+
++
++
+
000+
+++
+++++
+
++
0+
+
0
++
+
-
++
+
00
0
-00+---+00++-+
+
----
++
0-+
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
0+
+
+
++
+
+
+
--+
+
-++++
+
+
0+0+
0
0
+++0
0
0
0
The data in the tables is based on information from the raw material suppliers, gained using direct contact between the chemical and the un-processed raw material. The resistance of any of the finished products against these media has not been verified. There is no given or intended legally binding assurance of material properties or of suitability for a specific purpose. Materials must be tested under actual service conditions to determine the suitability for a specific application.
HYDRO PLAST | Tell. +971 6 5528608 | Web: www.hydroplast.aeHP
Selection of materials Chemical resistance
Media CO - MA
= No Data - = Not Recommended 0 = Conditionally Resistant + = Resistant
Material°C
Concentration
PVC-U20 40 60
PVC-C20 40 60 80 95
ABS20 40 60 80
PE20 40 60
PP20 60 80 100
PVDF20 60 80 100 120
EPDM20 40 60 80
FPM20 60 80 100 120
CORN OIL CRESOL CROTONIC ALDEHYDE CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANOL CYCLOHEXANONE
technically pure cold saturated, aqueous
technically pure technically pure technically pure technically pure
DETERGENTS (WASHING POWDERS) DEXTRINE (Starch Gum) DIBUTYL ETHER DIBUTYL PHTHLATE DIBUTYL SEBACATE DICHLOROACETIC ACID DICHLOROACETIC ACID METHTL ESHER DICHLOROBENZENE DICHLOROETHYLENE DIESEL OIL DIETHYLAMINE DI-ISOBUTYL KETONE DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE DIMETHYLAMINE
usual washing lathers usual commercial
technically pure technically pure technically pure technically pure
technically pure technically pure technically pure
technically pure technically pure technically pure technically pure
ETHYL ACETATE ETHYL ALCOHOL ETHYL ALCOHOL + ACETIC ACID ETHYL BENZENE ETHYL CHLORIDE ETHYL ETHER ETHYLENE CHLORIDE ETHYLENE DIAMINE ETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYLENE OXIDE
technically pure technically pure, 96%
fermentation mixture
technically pure technically pure technically pure technically pure
technically pure technically pure
technically pure, liquid FATTY ACIDS .C6 FATTY ALCOHOL SULPHONATES FERRIC CHLORIDE FERRIC NITRATE FERROUS SULPHATE FLUOSILICIC ACID FORMALDEHYDE FORMAMIDE FORMIC ACID FRUIT JUICES FUEL OIL FURFURYL ALCOHOL
technically pure
aqueous saturated saturated
32%, aqueous 40%, aqueous
technically pure technically pure
technically pure
GELATINE GLUCOSE GLYCERINE GLYCOCOLL GLYCOLIC ACID
all, aqueous all, aqueous
technically pure 10%, aqueous 37%, aqueous
HEPTANE HEXANE HYDRAZINE HYDRATE HYDROBROMIC ACID HYDROCHLORIC ACID
technically pure technically pure
aqueous 50%, aqueous
up to 10%, aqueous up to 36%, aqueous
technically pure up to 10%, aqueous
40%, aqueous 70%, aqueous
technically pure tech. pure, gaseous
3%, aqueous 30%, aqueous 90%, aqueous
technically pure
HYDROCYANIC ACID HYDROFLUORIC ACID
HYDROGEN HYDROGEN CHLORIDE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
IODINE SOLUTION IRON SALTS ISO-OCTANE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ISOPROPYL ETHER
6.5% iodine in ethanolall, aqueous
technically puretechnically puretechnically pure
LACTIC ACID LANOLIN LEAD ACETATE LINSEED OIL LUBRICATING OILS
10%, aqueous technically pure
aqueous, saturated technically pure
all, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous
MAGNESIUM SALTS MALEIC ACID
00--+-
++---+
---+0--0-+
+
+
++
+
+
+
+
+
+
++++++
0++
++++
+
0+
0
0
0
+
+
0++++
-+
0+
----0+-+
++++++-+++-+++++
++++++++++++++++
-+++-
+++++
++
+++
+0
+
+0+0
++
00+0
++
++++0
++
0++
+
-++
00+
++
++
+++
+0
+++
0+
0-
+0+0
++
++++0
++++
+
+
00+++
++
+0000
+00
+
0
-
+0+
00
+++
+
+++
+
++-++-++--+-+--+
-+---
++
++
+
+
+
0
+
--
-
0
-----+--
--++++--+0-+++++
+
0+++
+
+++
+
+
-+++
+
++0
0
000
0
00
-----0-0
+0-0+0-+++
0
0
+
-+
+++
0
0
+
+
+++
0
0
+
+++
0-----
-+----
---0----
-
-
+ + 0
+++++
++
++++++++++++++++
++++0
++++++
++0+++
+0-+
++++++
000++-
++
+++++++0++++++
++++0
++
+++++
++
+++++
++
0++++
++
0
+
+-
-
+
0++++
++
0++++
++
-++++
++
+
++
++
00+0-
+0
0-+-
+-
0
+
+
-
+
++++++++++++++-+
++++0
++++++
++0+++
+000+
++++++
++++++
0+++-+-0
0-+--0
++-0++
+---0000
+++++-
+++0+0
-+0+
-+-
+
++0
-
-
++
+
+
++
+
0
+0-++-
+++--0
+0+
0
-
+-
+0
+++
-
0
+
-
+++
+
+
+
+++++
+00+0++0
+
++0++++++0+++++
0+
+++++0+++
++++++
++++
0+
+---0++0-
++++0++++-0
-0
000-+0+-+
++++-+0-++-
0
0
0-+
+++
++
0
+++
+
0
+++
+
+++
+
0+
+
0++
++++0+
++
0+
0
-++
++0+-+
++
+
+
0-+
0+
-0
+
+
+-+++
++++++
+++0
0
0
+
+
+0+
++++++
+++-
0
0
+
+++++
+++
-
+
000
+++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+0
+-
+++++
++
+0
+++++
+++++
++
+
++
++++++++++++++++
+++++
--+++++---+++00+
++-+-
++++++++++++++0+
++++-
++
++-
0
++-0 0
+
+
0+
+
-
-
+
0
+
+
++00
++0-
0
+
+
0+-
++-
-
+
+
-+
+
+
0
++0+++++++++++
+
+++++
++
+++++++++++
+
++0
++
+++
+++++++
+
++
+
+
+
+
++++
++
00++0-+++
+++0
+
+0+-
0
00
+
-0
0
+
+
0+
-
+
+
0+-+
+-+-0+++
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+ +
+
+
+
0
+
+
++
+
+
+
+++++
++
+++++++
++++
+
+
+
++
++0
++
0
+
+
0
+
0++
++
++
+++++++-++++++
++++0
++
00+++++000++++-0
0+0+-
0
++0
++-0
0
+
000++
++
0+
+0+++++-++++++
0---0-
0
---0
---0-----0
0 0
0
0
HYDRO PLAST | Tell. +971 6 5528608 | Web: www.hydroplast.aeHP
Selection of materials Chemical resistance
Media ME - SO
= No Data - = Not Recommended 0 = Conditionally Resistant + = Resistant
Material°C
Concentration
PVC-U20 40 60
PVC-C20 40 60 80 95
ABS20 40 60 80
PE20 40 60
PP20 60 80 100
PVDF20 60 80 100 120
EPDM20 40 60 80
FPM20 60 80 100 120
MERCURY MERCURY SALTS METHANE (natural gas) METHANOL METHYL ACETATE METHYL AMINE METHYL BROMIDE METHYL CHLORIDE METHYLENE CHLORIDE METHYL ETHYL KETONE MILK MOLASSES MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID METHYL ESTER MORPHOLIN
purecold, saturated, aqueous
technically pureall
technically pure32%, aqueous
technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure
technically pure
technically puretechnically pure
technically pure
cold saturated, aqueous5%, aqueous up to
40%, aqueous65%, aqueous
technically puretechnically pure
diluted, moist, anhydrous
NAPHTHALENE NICKEL SALTS NITRIC ACID
NITROBENZENE NITROLUENE (o-, m-, p-) NITROUS GASES
OLEIC ACID OLIVE OIL OXALIC ACID OXYGEN OZONE
technically pure
cold saturated, aqueoustechnically pure
cold saturated, aqueous
PALMITIC ACID PALM OIL, PALM NUT OIL PARAFFIN EMULSIONS PARAFFIN OIL PERCHLORIC ACID
PERCHLOROETHYLENE (tetrachloroethylene) PETROLEUM PETROLEUM ETHER PETROLEUM JELLY PHENOL PHENYLHYDRAZINE PHENYLHYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE PHOSGENE PHOSPHORIC ACID PHOSPHOROUS PENTOXIDE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPER PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION PHOTOGRAPHIC FIXER PHTHALIC ACID PICRIC ACID POTASH(potassium carbonate) POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS: see SODIUM PROPANE PROPANOL, n- and iso-PROPIONIC ACID PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROPYLENE OXIDE PYRIDINE
cold saturated, aqueous
cold saturated, aqueous
technically pure, liquidtechnically pure
50%, aqueoustechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure
cold saturated,aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueous
cold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous
10%, aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueous
cold saturated, aqueousall, aqueousall, aqueous
technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure
up to 90%, aqueoustechnically pure
aqueous gaseous,
technically pure85%, aqueous
technically pureusual commercial
usual commercial
saturated, aqueous1%, aqueous
technically pure
usual comm., aqueous
10%, aqueous70%, aqueous
SILICONE OIL SILVER SALTS SOAP SOLUTION SODIUM ACETATE SODIUM BENZOATE SODIUM BICARBONATE SODIUM BISULPHATE SODIUM BISULPHITE SODIUM BROMATE SODIUM BROMIDE SODIUM CARBONATE (soda) SODIUM CHLORATE SODIUM CHLORIDE
++++-0----++0
0
-
++
--------+-
-
-
+++-------++-
-
-
++++++000+++
+
++
++++++--0+++
+
++
+++++0+++-++
+
++
++-+0+-0-+++
+
+0
+++0-+0-0-++
0
0+
++
0
+
+
+
++
+
0
+
++
+
+ +
++++
++0-++
0
++
+
++
++
+
+
++
+
++
+0
0++
+
++
+ +
++
+
0++
+
++
++
+
-++
+
++
++
+0
0
++
+
0+
+
+
+
++
+
++
+0
+
+0
+++++
00+
++++-
++++0
++++0
+++++
--0++
+++++
-+0+-
+-+ + +
0+0
0+-
-+
++0++
++
+0
++
0
+
0
0++0-
+++++-
00+0
0
++
-
+ -
0+
0+ +
+++++
++++
-+++0--+
-++++--
-++----0
+++00+++
++
-+++
0++--00+
+++0-+++
0+++++++
-+++---+
+++++00+
++0+-
-+
+-0
++++
+
+00
0
+0+++++++
+++0-++
+++0-0+
++0-
+0-
+0
+-
-++++
+++0
++00
+++0
0+0-
0
+++++++++++++
+++++++++++++
+++++++
++++
+++++++++++++
++++++++0++++
++++++++
++++
+++++++++++++
++++++++++++
0++++++++++++
+++++++0+++++
+++++++-+++++
00++
+
++
+
+
-++++++++++++
++++++++++++
00+00
+0+
+++++++++0++
++++0++++
++
++00
++++
++
+
+
++
++++++++
++++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+++
++
++++
+++
++
++++
000
00
0000
0++
+++++++++
0++
+++++++++
++
+++++++++
0++
+++00++++
-00
0+0-
0+00
+++++0
-++00-
0++++++++
++
++++0-
00
+
-0+
+-
-+
+
++
000--
-
-++-
------
--+++++--
+
-
+++0--
0+++++0
++0+0
0
+++++++
++
++++++
++++0
0++++0
+0+++++++
+
+
+++++0
++++++
++++++
+++++++++
+
+
++++++
0+--++
-----0
+++++++++
+
+
-+++++
++++++
++++++
+++++++-+
+
+
++++-0
-+++++
+00+-0
00++
+
+
+00
-
+000
+
-
+
0
+
+
0
+
-0
++
+++++++++
+
+
+++
0
-
++
0+++
00
+
+++
-
00
0
++++++
+++++
+
+++++++
0
+
++++
0
++++++
0++++
++
++
+
0
0
++++++
0++++
++
++
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
-000+-
000+
0
+
+
+
+
+++
0
+ +
++++0
+0
+
++++++
++
+++
0
00++-
00-0
0
0
+
0
+++
0
++
+++++
+
+
0
0
0
+
0
-
0
0+
+
+
++
00
0+
+
+
++
00
+
++
-+++
+-
0+++++0
++
0++
00
+
0+
0
0-
0
00+
HYDRO PLAST | Tell. +971 6 5528608 | Web: www.hydroplast.aeHP
Selection of materials Chemical resistance
Media SO - Z
= No Data - = Not Recommended 0 = Conditionally Resistant + = Resistant
Material°C
Concentration
PVC-U20 40 60
PVC-C20 40 60 80 95
ABS20 40 60 80
PE20 40 60
PP20 60 80 100
PVDF20 60 80 100 120
EPDM20 40 60 80
FPM20 60 80 100 120
SODIUM CHLORITE SODIUM CHROMATE SODIUM DISULPHATE SODIUM DITHIONITE (hyposulphite) SODIUM FLUORIDE SODIUM HYDROXIDE see CAUSTIC SODA SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM IODIDE SODIUM NITRATE SODIUM NITRITE SODIUM OXALATE SODIUM PERSULPHATE SODIUM PHOSPHATE SODIUM SILICATE SODIUM SULPHATE SODIUM SULPHIDE SODIUM SULPHITE SODIUM THIOSULPHATE SPIRITS (brandy) STANNOUS CHLORIDE STARCH SOLUTION STEARIC ACID SUCCINIC ACID SUGAR SYRUP SULPHUR SULPHUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR TRIOXIDE SULPHURIC ACID
SULPHUROUS ACID
diluted, aqueous10%, aqueous
all, aqueous
up to 10%, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous
aqueous (12.5% active)all, aqueous
cold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous
all, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueouscold saturated, aqueous
usual commercialcold saturated, aqueous
all, aqueoustechnically pure
all, aqueoususual commercial
technically pureall, moist
technically pure, liquid
up to 30%, aqueousup to 50%, aqueousup to 80%, aqueousup to 90%, aqueousup to 96%, aqueoussaturated, aqueous
TALLOW TANNIC ACID TARTARIC ACID TETRACHLOROETHANE TETRAETHYL LEAD TETRAHYDROFURANE THIONYL CHLORIDE TOLUENE TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE TRICHLOROETHYLENE TRICHLOROACETIC ACID TRICHLOROETHANE (met hylchlorof orm) 1,1,2-TRICHLOR0- 1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (Freon 113) TRICESYL PHOSPHATE TRIETHANOLAMINE TRIETHYLAMINE TRIO CTYL PHOSPHATE TURPENTINE OIL
technically pureall, aqueousall, aqueous
technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure
50%, aqueous
technically pure
technically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically puretechnically pure
UREA URINE
VEGETABLE OILS AND FATS VINEGAR VINYL ACETATE VINYL CHLORIDE
WASTE GASES, alkaline WASTE GASES containing: - CARBON OXIDES - HYDROCHLORIC ACID - HYDROGEN FLUORIDE - NITROUS GASES - SULPHUR DIOXIDE - SULPHUR TRIOXIDE - SULPHURIC ACID WATER, condensed WATER, distilled, de-ionised WATER, drinking WAX ALCOHOL WETTING AGENTS WINES, red and white WINE VINEGAR
allall
tracestracestracestraces
all
technically pureup to 5%, aqueoususual commercialusual commercial
YEAST
XYLENE
ZINC SALTS
all, aqueous
technically pure
all, aqueous
0++
++
++++++++++++++++++0+--++++++
+++
++
++++++++++++
++0++
++++++
+++-+-----+
-
+-0
-+
0++-
-----
-
-----0
++
++
++--
0+--
+
++++++++++++++
+
-
+
++
++
+++
+++++++++0++++-+
++++++
+
+
0
+
0++
0+
+
++++++++++++++
+
+
00
0
000
00000000+0+++0
0
0++
00
+
0
00
+
+
+++++++0+++0
+
0
+
++
+++++++
0++
+
-
+
+++
++
+++++
++++++
++
++
++++++
0++
0++
+
+
++
+++++++
++
+
+
+++
++
+++++
++++++
++
++
++++-+
0++
0++
+
+
++
+++++++
++
+
+++
++
+++++
++++++
++
+++-
+
++
++
+
+
++
+++++++
++
+
+
+
-+++
++++++-+++
+----++----
+++--------------+---++
++--
+++-+++
+
-
+
+++
++
0+++++++++++++++++++--+++0-+
+++0+0-0+-+
0
++
00++
++
+
++++++++++0+++
+
-
+
+++
++
0++++++++++++++++++--+++0-+
+++0+--0+0+
0
++
+-++
+++
+
++++++++++0+++
+
-
+
+++
++
0++++++++++++++++++-0++++++
+
+++0+++++
+
+
+0
+++
++
+
+
++++++++++++++
+
+
+
++++
+
++++++++++++++++++-+0-+++0-+
+++-0---+-0
-
------++
-++0
+
++++++++++-+++
+
-
+
+++
++
++++++++++++++++++++0+++++++
+++0+--0-+-
+
+-+
-+
+0++
+
+++++++++++++0
+
+
+
++++
+
+++
++++++++0++++
+
++0-
0
+
0
++
0
+
++++++++++
0
+
+
++++
+
+++
+++0++++-+0++
0
+0-
-
+
++
++
+++
++
+++
++++
+++++0+++-
++0
0
+
+
-
+
+-
+
++++++++++
-
+
+
+
++
+
+
0
+++
00-
-
0
+++++++++
+
-
-
++
0
++
+
-
+
++0++++000
+
+
+
+
-
0-
+
+0
0+00
-
+++
0+
-0++0++0+0++++++++-
++++++
+
+0+0
+
+0
0
-
++
++
+
-
++++++++++++++
+
0
+
+++
+
++
0-+
++++++
++
++++0+
+
+
+
0
+-
-
++
++
+
-
++++++++++
+++
+
0
+
0++
+
++
-
+
++++++
++
++00-+
+
+
+
-
0+
++
+++++++++++
++
-
+
++
+
+
++
++0-
+
+
++
+++
+
0
+
-
+
+++++++++0++++
++0
+
+++
-+
+
0
++
0+0
+
+++0+00+++-+++
+
+
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
+0
+0
++
+
+
-
+
++++++++++
++++
+++
+
+++
+
+
++
0++
0+
+
++++++++++
++
+
+
+
+
++++++++++0++++
++0
+
+++
+
+
++
0++
+
+
++++++++++-
++
+
+
+
+
+++
-++++-
+++
+
+0
+++
++
++
+++
++
-
+
+
+
+
+
+++
+
0-
+0
+++
+
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0-
---
0
HYDRO PLAST | Tell. +971 6 5528608 | Web: www.hydroplast.aeHP
Selection of materials Pressure limitations and safety factors 39.Pressure curves Hoop or circumferential stress is the single largest stress present in any piping system under pressure. It is therefore the governing factor in determining the pressure that a pipe section can withstand. The hoop stress in any pipe is calculated by the outcome of an equation that includes internal pressure, pipe diameter and wall thickness. For most manufacturers, the long-term performance of the piping system has been established through the calculation of the hydrostatic pressure curve for each material. These pressure temperature curves show the correlation between the hoop (or circumferential) stresses of the material, measured in megapascals (Mpa), versus the time to fail in hours (h). The result of this calculation shows how the pressure rating of the piping material will perform over time, in conjunction with increasing temperatures. Pressure curves for all of our piping materials are available upon request. We can also assist you in helping to calculate the design life of your chosen piping material at elevated temperatures. Please contact us for more information or further assistance.
Safety factors The published pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems take into account the circumferential stress of the individual materials over their expected lifetime. In addition, the published data also includes provision for material specific safety factors. These safety factors are published below, and are based upon a minimum 50 year design life with water at 20°C.
Pressure ratings for fittings and valves Whilst there is usually clear definition of the maximum working pressure for pipes, some care needs to be taken with the choice of fittings and valves. In most cases, thermoplastic pipe fittings carry the same pressure rating as the pipe itself. However, some mechanical pipe fittings and valves may be rated lower than the pipe. Some examples include flanges and threaded fittings:
Always consider the item with the lowest pressure rating in any system.
Flange B54504 (EN1092) PN6:Flange B54504 (EN1092) PN10:Flange ASA 150 (PR EN 1759): BSP threaded fittings (IS0787):
6 bars maximum 10 bars maximum 10 bars maximum 10 or 12 bars maximum
MaterialPVC-UPVC-C
ABSPP-HPP-RPE80
PE100PVDF
ECTFE
Minimum Safety Factor2.02.02.12.12.11.6
1.252.02.0
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Selection of materials Terminology used to define pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems
Nominal Pressure (PN) The most common method of defining pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems is to group together pipes, fittings and valves according to a single nominal pressure rating. This method can simplify the selection process, and its use is internationally widespread. The PN rating is the maximum permitted operational pressure in bars calculated at 20°C, for example PN6 indicates a maximum working pressure of 6 bars.
The 'Class' system of pressure ratings
The 'Schedule' system of pressure ratings
PVC-U Pipes according to BS 3505/3506 (BS EN1452), PVC-U fittings according to BS 4346, ABS pipes according to BS 5391, and ABS fittings according to BS 5392 all use the 'class' system of pressure rating their components. Regardless of size, pipes and fittings are rated for use at a maximum working pressure according to the 'class'. Care must be taken to ensure that the integrity of the system is not compromised through the incorrect match of pipes and fittings from different pressure 'classes'. The pressure ratings of PVC-U and ABS pipes and fittings according to the pressure 'class' system is as follows:-
PVC-U and ABS pipes with a heavy wall 'Class T' (sometimes referred to as 'Class 7') rating are also produced as threading quality piping materials, or for use in installations requiring special support, temperature or pressure handling capabilities. Note that threading plastic pipes reduces the maximum operating pressure of the system by 50%.
PVC-U and PVC-C thermoplastic piping systems manufactured in accordance with ASTM requirements use a 'schedule' system of pressure ratings. Pipes are produced in three different 'schedules', 40, 80 & 120. Under this system the pressure rating of the pipe changes according to the pipe nominal bore size. Unlike pipe, there is presently no industry standard that specifies a working pressure for fittings. Moulded pipe fittings are manufactured to meet the minimum burst pressure requirements to that of schedule 40 and schedule 80 pipe. In common with the pipe, the pressure rating of the fittings decreases as the nominal pipe sizes increases. By way of example, the range of pressure ratings for 'schedule' pipes is as follows:-
Schedule 40, 80 and 120 pipes are manufactured to ASTM D1784 for materials and ASTM F 441 for pipe dimensions. PVC-U schedule 40 fittings are manufactured according to ASTM D2466, whilst PVC-U Schedule 80 fittings are manufactured according to ASTM D2467. PVC-C Schedule 80 fittings are manufactured according to ASTM F439.
Schedule 40 (PVC & PVC-C)Schedule 80 (PVC & PVC-C) Schedule 120 (PVC)
56 Bar (1/8") - 8.2 Bar (24")85 Bar (1/8") - 14.5 Bar (24") 70 Bar (1/2") - 25.5 Bar (6")
Class BClass CClass DClass E
6 Bar9 Bar12 Bar15 Bar
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Selection of materials Terminology used to define pressure ratings for thermoplastic piping systems
Standard Dimensional Ratio (SDR)
'S' Series: ISO 4065
Comparison of SDR value with nominal pressure rating for common materials
Standard Dimensional Ratio (SDR) is used to define thermoplastic pipes in a variety of materials including polypropylene, polyethylene, and PVC-U. Taken from ISO 4065, SDR is described as being 'the ratio of the nominal outside diameter of a pipe to its nominal wall thickness'. To calculate the SDR according to ISO 4065 the following equation can be used:
However, although pipes in different materials might share the same SDR number, there may be distinct differences in both outside diameter and wall thickness. Unlike the `PN' or `S' Series' methods they will not share the same nominal pressure rating. This is because the hoop stress differs from one material to another. When selecting thermoplastic piping systems, it is recommended that in addition to the material type, the pipe dimensions, wall thickness, pipe series and SDR numbers are all referenced.
ISO 4065 specifies the relationship between the nominal wall thickness and the nominal outside diameter of thermoplastic pipe. Defined under this method, pipes of the same material with the same series or `S' number have the same pressure rating. According to ISO 4065, `S' is a dimensionless number that can be calculated from the following equation: S = SDR - 1 2
Example: SDR 11 Polypropylene
S = SDR - 1 2
S = 11 - 1 2
S = 5
SDR = d ewhere:SDR = Vlaue to be calculatede = Thickness of the pipe wall (mm)d = Pipe outside diameter (mm)
d
e
SDR = d/e
SDR514133262221
17,617
13,6119
7,46
PE 802.53.2456
6.37.68
1012.5162025
Nominal Pressure Rating (PN) by Material
PE 1003.245
6.37.68
9.710
12.5162025-
PP-
2.53.24--6--
10-
16-
PVDF--
10--
16-------
PVC-U4-6--
10--
16-
25--
PVC-C-----
10--
16-
25--
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Selection of materials Calculating the allowable pressure and pipe wall
The vessel formula
Plastic pipes for vacuum or external pressure
The vessel formula is used to calculate the minimum pipe wall thickness for a thermoplastic pipe subject to a given internal pressure:
This formula can be used to calculate the pipe wall thickness for a variety of thermoplastic materials, however in smaller dimensions the actual production sizes of pipes may have increased wall thickness because of manufacturing constraints.
When subjected to vacuum or to an external fluid pressure, plastic pipes are subjected to stresses that can lead to the collapse of the pipe.
As a general guide, the following formula can be used to determine the collapse pressure dependent an the pipe size and operating temperature:
The modulus of elasticity can be obtained from the E modulus diagrams. Note that account must be taken of the operating temperature and service life. Pipe dimensions may be found in each material section.
Using the result from this calculation, the maximum allowable negative pressure can now be calculated using the following formula:
Pc = 20 x E x (e/D) 0.84
wherePc = Collapse Pressure (bar) E = Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) e = Wall Thickness (mm) D = Nominal Pipe Size - usually taken as the outside diameter (mm) 0.84 - Constant
Pe = Pc cwherePc = Collapse Pressure (bar) from calculation above Pe = Maximum Allowable Negative Pressure (bar) C = Safety Factory (usually 2) If Pe is greater than 1, the pipe is suitable for full vacuum under the calculated conditions.
e = p · d 20 · σ + p where:e = Thickness of the pipe wall (mm) d = Pipe outside diameter (mm) p = Permissible operating pressure at 20°C (bar) o = Permissible hoop (circumferential) stress with safety factor (N/mm2)20 = Constan
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Selection of materials Calculating the allowable pressure and pipe wall
Example: Can a 200 mm O.D. DIN 8061/2 PVC-U PN10 pipe withstand a vacuum at 20°C and 50°C?
E-modulus diagrams
PVC-C PVC-U
Pipe size (D): 200 mmWall thickness (e): 9.6mmModulus of elasticity (E): 1420 N/mm at 20°C (from diagram) 580 N/mm at 50°C (from diagram)
At 20°C: Collapse pressure Pc = 20 x 1420 x (9.6/200)³ = 3.74 bar 0.84
Maximum negative pressure Pe = 3.74 = 1.87 bar 2 Answer: Pe = 1.87 > 1 so the pipe will support full vacuum at 20°C. At 50°C: Collapse pressure Pc = 20 x 580 x (9.6/200)³ = 1.60 bar 0.84 Maximum negative pressure Pe = 1.60 = 0.80 bar 2 Answer: Pe = 0.80 < 1 so the pipe will not support full vacuum at 50°C
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
20020 30 40 50 60
Temperature °C Temperature °C
Mod
ulud
of E
last
icity
N/m
m²
Mod
ulud
of E
last
icity
N/m
m²
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
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Selection of materials Calculating the allowable pressure and pipe wall
E-modulus diagrams
ABS PP-H
PE 80* PVDF
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2600
2100
1600
1100
600
100
300
280
260
240
220
200
18020 30 40 50 60
Temperature °C Temperature °C
Mod
ulud
of E
last
icity
N/m
m²
Mod
ulud
of E
last
icity
N/m
m²
Temperature °C Temperature °C
Mod
ulud
of E
last
icity
N/m
m²
Mod
ulud
of E
last
icity
N/m
m²
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
* PE100: There are no e-modulus diagrams available yet for PE100, however as a guide it is recommended to raise the values of PE80 by 10%.
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Selection of materials Adjusting the allowable pressure for increasing temperature 45.
Temperature correction (de-rating) factors
Pressure ratings for thermoplastic pipes are determined in a water environment at a temperature of 20°C. As the temperature of the media (and/or the piping environment) increases, the thermoplastic material becomes more ductile, causing a decrease in the tensile strength of the pipe. Because of this, the pressure rating of the system must be reduced as the temperature rises to allow for safe operation. The temperature correction (de-rating) factors for each material is shown in the following table:-
MaterialPVC-UPVC-CABS
PolyproplenePolyethylene
PVDF
20°C1.001.001.001.001.001.00
Working Temperature
40°C0.580.810.720.820.530.82
60°C0.220.500.450.50
-0.66
80°C-
0.26-
0.25-
0.51
100°C---
0.05-
0.39
120°C-----
0.29
140°C-----
0.19
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Selection of materials Plastic pipes for compressed air or gases 46.Although plastics can be used to transport compressed air, the selection of the correct material for this application is particularly important. The compressibility of air and/or other gases results in tremendous amounts of stored energy, even at low pressures. PVC-U and PVC-C have a brittle mode of failure, and should a fracture occur in a pipe handling compressed air or gas, the immediate release of the stored energy can cause extreme danger. Under these conditions, the velocity created by the rapidly escaping air and the resulting failure mode can throw shards of material in all directions. For this reason PVC-U or PVC-C must never be used for this application.Certain compressor oils are known to cause stress cracking of ABS and Polypropylene, and for this reason they are also not recommended for this application.
Polyethylene (PE) has good resistance to compressor oils, and has high ductility and impact strength. This material may be used for compressed air or gases (subject to the chemical suitability of the gas with the material).
AGRUAIR PE compressed air piping installed at a chemical plant