TechnicalInformation

HAIS - HXS and HTFS Open Loop ASIC basedCurrent Transducers from 5 to 800 A

RMS nominal

with reference access. Made to measure.

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The ASIC (Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit) as indicated by itsname is an integrated circuit designedto provide several specific functionsin one package. This opens newpossibilities to answer to volumeconstraints or technical constraintssuch as low power supply use (single+5 Volt for example).The single +5 Volt Power Supply ismore and more common due to thepresence of components likemicroprocessors, microcontrollersand A/D (Analog/Digital) convertersin power electronics. All integratedcircuits and associated componentsmust match this power supplyrequirement.This is also the opportunity to enterinto new markets not accessibletoday, due to high cost or dimensionssuch as automotive applications.It was not LEM’s first experience withASICs. In 1997, LEM launched thenew LTS transducer (fig. 1) as thefirst Closed Loop Hall Effect currenttransducer based on an ASIC.

This brought advantages neverreached before, such as small

Low cost, High performance : You make the choice !HAIS - HXS and HTFS Open Loop ASIC based Current Transducers from 5 to 800 ARMS nominalwith reference access. Made to measure.by Stéphane Rollier, Marc Laforêt & Hans Dieter Huber

Today, the competitive environment hasevolved into a global context. Powerelectronic requirements can besummarised as follows : Cost/nocompromise on performances/small size/+ 5 volt power supply.

LEM, present in power electronicapplications such as drives, UninterruptiblePower Supplies, Switched Mode PowerSupplies, various Power Supplies… is theleader for current measurement bringingthe control, monitoring and protection of

dimensions and a single +5 Volt powersupply for a C/L transducer, as well asgood accuracy thanks to anincorporated drift compensationsystem and an accurate internalvoltage reference.Since the LTS family became a bestseller and LEM encouraged by thisfirst experience, decided to stillinnovate and supply the market theright tools by creating Open Loop HallEffect transducer families based on adedicated ASIC.The market already has plenty ofexperience with ASICs based on HallEffect (fig. 2), the goal was not tocreate a similar product just dedicatedfor O/L current transducers.

Fig 1. LTSR transducer for 6, 15 and 25ARMS nominal.

Current measurement in the powerelectronic applications

The use of digital control componentssuch as microprocessorsrevolutionized the power electronicsworld. This was the start of a new stepallowing better control, monitoring andprotection by using less performingcomponents at a lower cost. The goalbeing to ensure the best control througha main tool : the microprocessorassociated with the A/D converter(often integrated to themicroprocessor).They have been the success factorfor low cost, high performance newgeneration of drives for instance.

Two main goals were :

1. to have the linked devices workingat the same voltage level (0 to +5Volts) as the microprocessor and/orthe A/D converter and

2. to maintain low current consumption.Indeed, the current available forcomponents consumption is quitelimited in general (about some mA).

Lower cost can also be achieved bythe use of ratiometric microprocessorsrequiring the use of ratiometricperipheral devices (in someapplications more dedicated fordetection than for control).The use of these new componentsprovides compatibility with associatedcomponents which were previouslynot so accurate.

the equipment and doesn’t miss theopportunity to answer to this new marketrequirement.

The solution : the use of an ASIC basedOpen Loop Hall effect current transducer.

It was necessary to find the “plus”making this ASIC unique andunchallenged, answering torequirements never before suppliedby any ASIC, such as better accuracy,drifts, or behaviours in disturbedenvironments. These were the criteriato make this ASIC part of the changeof the existing applications.

Fig 2. LEM ASIC with Hall effect cells.

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For example, initial offset for currentmeasurement can be calculated outduring the system initialisation.It is the same for some otherparameters such as the referencevoltage. Therefore, the use of commonreference voltages for the surroundingcomponents allows better control andprecision of the total accuracy. This isvalid for the reference voltage offsetand its drift.

Besides the technical aspects,lowering the cost was anotherrequirement. As technology costingthe less, Open Loop hall effecttechnology has already proven itselfas a low current consumptiontransducer.Many other possibilities have beenconsidered and analysed such as GMR(Giant Magneto Resistance), orexisting integrated circuits. Howeverthese devices exhibit unpredictablebehaviours after overloads (hysteresis)or non-linearity and unstable behaviourafter surge currents.

With this in mind, we believe the bestcompromise is the combination ofOpen Loop Hall effect technologyand a dedicated ASIC making itsuitable for the needed features newcomponents require in PowerElectronic applications.

Many ASICs available in the markettoday allow easy integration to OpenLoop hall Effect based currenttransducers. The introduction of theLTS/LTSR Closed Loop transducerswith ASIC technology has alreadymoved us one step forward : A uniquetransducer and very successful withnew Power Electronics applications.Subsequently, for O/L currenttransducers, the building of an ASICto match to the trend of the market hadto be unique and provide higherperformances of the available ASICson the market dedicated for suchfunctions.

A unique LEM ASIC for Open Loop current tranducers

Fig 3. Principle of Open Loop Transducers.

Open Loop technology Reminder

Fig 4. PASS ASIC fully designed by LEM O/L current transducers.

- Good price/performance ratio.- Low power consumption.- Small size for higher currents.

The disadvantages are:

- Relatively high offset and gain drift.- Narrower frequency range. Up to 25kHz and 50 kHz, based on theelectronic performance and the qualityof the magnetic circuit.- Lower accuracy for the measurementof AC and DC currents.- Overheating at high frequencycurrents due to magnetic hysteresisand eddy current losses.

Until now O/L current transducers werenot able to be used in someapplications due to their accuracy(offset drift, gain drift) and dv/dtbehaviour, although their prices werecertainly more attractive, as well astheir size.

LEM designed a unique ASIC called“PASS” for O/L transducers bringingspecial improvements to these criticalparameters.One of the main challenges has beento compensate for various drifts(offsets and gain).

For the isolated current measurement,Open Loop current transducers (fig. 3)use a magnetic circuit with an air gap,located (without any galvanic contact)around the conductor which carriesthe current to be measured. A linearHall element is inserted into the airgap and provides a Hall voltageproportional to the flux produced bythe current. This Hall voltage isprocessed and buffered before beingsupplied at the transducer output.

Open Loop transducers offer a lotof benefits:

- Simple electronics.In contrast to the Closed Looptransducers, no current is needed forthe secondary winding, thuseliminating the need for a costly finalamplifier power stage.

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LEM PASS ASIC, main characteristics

The sensitive element, the Hall generatoris designed directly into the silicon waferwhich provides the analog amplificationcircuit as well as a digital programmingmodule for offset and gain adjustment.Dynamic cancellation techniques allowcancellation of the offset and offset driftand other thermal compensation circuits,help obtain a stable gain.Finally, this led to an ASIC with thefollowing features :

- + 5 Volt power supply- Large sensitivity range from 0.55 to 4mV/Gauss- Ratiometric or fixed gain & offsetprogrammability- Vref IN/OUT on the same pin- Electrostatic discharge protection on allthe pins- Short circuit protection on all the pins

The ASIC works with its own stable andaccurate internal reference voltage (2.5Volts) but is also able to work with anexternal reference voltage between 2and 2.8 Volts.The internal reference is available for theuser on a separate pin and must be usedwith a minimum load of 200 kOhm. Thisreference voltage can then be monitoredby the microprocessor system tocompensate the sensor’s initial offset atany time.In the case where an external referencevoltage is available, it can be used byconnecting it to the reference pin. Thisexternal reference can be from themicroprocessor or the A/D converter forexample.The reference can be shared betweencommon users, meaning that themicroprocessor knows in real time thereference used by the ASIC (and alsothen its drift which can then becompensated).As the reference is part of the ASIC outputsignal, this is a way to remove allinaccuracy coming from the referenceand to deal with only one reference forthe whole application.

When connecting the reference pin to anexternal voltage there are some rules torespect. The external reference must beable to sink 2.5 mA (for an externalreference = 2 Volts minimum) as currentand to source 1.5 mA (for an externalreference = 2.8 Volts maximum).

First case:External reference of 2V connected toVref of TransducerExternal reference must be able to sink(2.5 V – 2 V ) / 200 Ohm = 2.5 mA

Second case :External reference of 2.8V connected toVref of TransducerExternal reference must be able to source(2.8 V - 2.5 V) / 200 Ohm = 1.5 mA

The use of the external reference canalso limit your measuring range.When internal reference voltage is used,the transducers are usually expected tohave a measuring span of up to +/- 3 x Ipnas required in drives applications(inverters, servos) for overload and short-circuit protection.For a + 5 Volt power supply, and using theinternal reference, the max voltage outputis defined as being :Vout = Vref* +/- 2 Volts = 2.5 V* +/- 2 volts.Vout Min value : + 0.5 volts.Vout Max value : + 4.5 Volts.

By using the external reference, this willthen fix the initial offset, also fixing themeasuring range.The output voltage will swing around theinitial offset +/- 2 volts (which is the maxpossible output voltage span) by stayingabove + 0.5 volts and below - 4.5 volts(limits not to cross).

Example 1 : By using 2 Volts as externalvoltage for the reference, the output couldbe:

+ 2 volts* + 2 Volts = + 4 Volts for thepositive side+ 2 volts* - 1.5 volts = + 0.5 volts forthe negative side.

You will have only 1.5 Volts as negativecurrent span limiting your negativemeasuring range.

Example 2 : By using 2.8 Volts as externalreference voltage, the result would bethe following :

+ 2.8 volts* + 1.7 Volts = + 4 Volts forthe positive side. You will have only1.7 Volts as positive current spanlimiting your positive measuringrange.+ 2.8 volts* - 2 volts = + 0.8 volts for thenegative side.

The same logic can be applied when theoffset defined is ratiometric.

Compared to traditional discretecomponents, the ASIC spans theoperating temperature range from – 40°Cto + 85°C (and even up to + 105°C forsome of these new models).This is particularly valuable in Forkliftapplications where warehousetemperatures are potentially extreme.

The transient response of the ASIC basedtransducer has been slightly modified

First case

Second case

* (+ a certain tolerance)

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compared with traditional Hall elements.The delay time in response to a transientwith a di/dt of 100 A/µs is about 4 µs, asshown in Fig. 5. This duration is withinreasonable limits to allow for short-circuitcut-off and also for the adjustment of acurrent circuit. The somewhat longerdelay time can be explained by thedynamic cancellation techniquestechnology of the Hall cells, which isapplied in order to improve the driftparameter.

Because of the dynamic cancellation,the noise at the sensor output increasesby a factor of 3 in comparison withtraditional Hall elements. Typically it isabout 10 m Vpp, which corresponds toabout 1.6% of the output nominal current.Because of the high frequency 500 kHzof the switching noise, this does not leadto impairment in the usual applications.With very fast current regulation circuitsthat require typically a high bandwidth,this parameter should be taken intoconsideration.

Another feature of the ASIC is the offsetand gain programmability. Initially theoffset is set at it’s optimum value and thenthe gain can be adjusted to the requiredvalue to have as much output signalthrough the defined measuring range.This is programmed during themanufacturing of the transducer.With only one ASIC, it has been possibleto define several current ranges withnearly always the same voltage level atthe output for the nominal definedcurrents.

Resulting from that, the introduction ofnot more than 3 new Open Loop LEMcurrent transducer families named asfollows :

HXS 20..50-NP (Fig 6)HAIS 50..400-P (Fig 17)HTFS 200…800-P (Fig 22)

Design Tool

All using the same ASIC, they have beencreated to answer to the currentmeasurement requirement in PowerElectronic applications.For the magnetic circuit design,software simulating the three-dimensional flux has been used, allowingto choose the right material to achieve

Fig 5. Dynamic behaviour upon a current transient.

Fig 7. Flux simulation for the HXS magneticcircuit.

the desired dimensions (Fig. 7).

HXS 20..50-NP

100 % dedicated for PCB mounting, andvery compact (18.5 x 16.5 x 10 mm), itintegrates a multirange primaryconductor.Same pinout is used for the 20 ARMS

nominal version as for the 50 ARMS nominalversion providing use of the same modelfor a complete range of drives. Accordingto the pinout configuration on the primaryconductor busbar, you can configure it asa 5, 10 or 20 ARMS nominal model for theHXS 20-NP or as a 12.5, 25 or 50 ARMS

nominal model for the HXS 50-NP.The internal reference voltage is providedon a separate pin (*) or can be forced by

an external reference.Gain and offset are fixed.For the nominal current, the output isequal to the reference(*) used +/- 0.625Volts.

Special Applications

A special model (HXS 10-NP/SP3)configured with 2 primary windings (tobe connected in series or parallel throughthe PCB pattern layout according to theneed) offers the possibility to measure 3phase inverter applications, using only apair of transducers with 2 phases pertransducer (Fig.8). No need for a thirdunit and another cost reduction is

Fig 8. Measurement of 3-phase currentswith only 2 tranducers.

I1 + I2 + I3 = 0A = I1 + I2 = - I3B = I2 + I3 = - I1A + B = I2

* (+ a certain tolerance)

HXS models, main characteristics

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Fig 9. Frequency response of the HXS 20-NP.

Fig 10. Phase shift of the HXS 20-NP.

Fig 11. Frequency response of the HXS 20-NP/SP30.

Fig 12. Phase shift of the HXS 20-NP/SP30.

HXS models, main characteristics

achieved. This model is specificallydesigned for this application by providingisolation between both the primaries.According to its primary windingsconfiguration (series or parallel), the HXS10-NP/SP3 allows a 10 or 20 ARMS

nominal measurement.

HXS 20-NP/SP30 has been developedfor use with long shielded conductorsand their associated capacitive currentsand for high frequency applications.The normal heating of the magnet corehas been dramatically reduced. Thetransducer is specially adapted for

frequency converters, Power Suppliesand small UPS installations.The use of this special magnetic circuit vsthe HXS standard is a way to improve thefrequency response of the transducer(Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12).

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HXS models, main characteristics

The solution to heating due to highfrequencies can indeed be the HXS 20-NP/SP30. The other possibility to avoidthis heating is to use the HXS standardmodels and to apply a certain derating forIp vs Frequency (Fig. 13).

Fig 13. Ip vs Frequency derating curves for the HXS standard models.

HXS 20…50-NP/SP2 are also availablefor higher operating temperature ranges(-40°C to +105°C instead of -40°C to+85°C).

HXS main characteristicsFig 6. HXS models.

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PASS ASIC is at the source of theaccuracy improvement for the O/L currenttransducers. In Fig 14, you can notice theoffset, gain drifts and linearity is improvedby 2 times or more.For the HXS models, the offset drift vs the

Fig 16. HXS 20-NP response time @ 90 % of IPN (IP = 20 A, di/dt = 50 A/µs).

Fig 14. Comparison between traditional O/L current transducer and O/L ASIC based current transducer (performance).

reference has been defined at max +/-0.2 mV/K over the operating temperaturerange of –40 to +85°C (to +105°C for theSP2 models), this is confirmed by thequalification tests in Fig. 15.

The HXS response time @ 90 % of IPN isdefined by the ASIC response time aspreviously stated. Same value isreproduced as well by the othertransducers (HAIS and HTFS models)working with this ASIC (Fig. 16).

Fig 15. Temperature drift of the HXS 20-NP offset voltage.

Improvements brought by the ASIC on Open Loop current tranducers

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HAIS 50...100-TP andHAIS 50...400-P

Only available for 50 and 100 ARMS

nominal, the TP versions are 100 %dedicated for PCB mounting using anintegrated primary busbar as the primaryconductor.The same pinout is used for all theHAIS -P models made up to 5 devices tocover a nominal measuring range from50 ARMS to 400 ARMS and using a squareaperture (15 x 8 mm) for the primaryconductor.

The PCB mounting is firmly secured bytwo round metallic pins, one of whichalso serves as a ground connection toprovide better immunity to common modenoise, found in most switchingenvironments, and to improve the EMCbehaviour.

Fig 17. HAIS xx-P models at the top andHAIS xx-TP at the bottom.

HAIS main characteristics

As for the HXS models, the referencevoltage (internal or external) is found atthe output for no primary current (*).Gain and offset are fixed.

For the nominal current of all the HAISmodels, the output is equal to thereference used (*) +/- 0.625 Volts.

HAIS models respond to safety isolationrequirements up to 600 V nominal voltage(Overvoltage category III, Pollutiondegree 2).

* (+ a certain tolerance)

HAIS models, main characteristics

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Wide frequency bandwidth

Fig 18. Ip vs Frequency derating curves for the HAIS models.

Fig 19. Frequency and phase response of the HAIS 50-P.

HAIS models, main characteristics

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HTFS 200 - 400 - 800-P

3 models rated for 200, 400 and 800 ARMS

nominal current, to be mounted on PCBbut with a round aperture of 22 mmdiameter for the primary conductor. Thesame mechanical design for the 3 models.The reference voltage (internal orexternal) is the output at zero primarycurrent (*) as with the HXS and HAISmodels.For the nominal current of all the HTFSmodels, the output is equal to thereference used (*) +/- 1.25 Volts.However, when the gain is fixed, theinitial offset is ratiometric and equal toVcc/2 (*), a constraint in forkliftapplications, as an example.

Forklift application

This model is specially designed for usein Forklift drive control systems. Typically,2 of these transducers are monitoringand measuring the currents supplied to2 of the 3 phases of an AC motor drivingthe truck or lift pump.The signals provided by the transducersare processed and analyzed (givingindication of the speed state in real time)by intelligent control cards made up ofA/D converters, microprocessors…taking also into account the speed signalrequired by the driver (typically the signalcoming from the electronic throttle) andthe speed signal feedback fromsensorised bearing to provide a PWMsignal, going through a power electronicamplifier supplying the AC motor.

The Forklift speed is then controlled viathe current supplied to the AC motor.All the on-board electronics are poweredfrom the DC battery (Fig. 20).The transducers selected must be able tobe used with microprocessors in an easyway (matching with power supply levels,type of output signal to feed themicroprocessor input, referencesused…with no additional components)and HTFS models answer completely tothis kind of request.

The transducer has extremely robustmechanics and can be fastened to theprinted circuit either with solder pins (SP2models) or with screws (standard HTFSmodels). It is remarkably adapted forbattery-powered vehicles, such as forkliftsor hybrid excavators.

Fig 20. Forklift truck drive control system ensured by HTFS models.

Fig 21. Frequency and phase response of the HTFS 400-P.

HTFS main characteristics

HAIS models, main characteristics

* (+ a certain tolerance)

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Fig 22 : HTFS xxx-P models

The heart of these 3 transducer familiesis the unique PASS ASIC designed byLEM allowing all these features such as:- Fixed initial offset and gain, or- Fixed gain and ratiometric offset, or- Different gains at different nominal

currents, or- Internal reference available outside or

external reference used internallyaccording to customer choice.

It has also been possible to improve thedrift of the gain, the drift of the offset justby digital programming of the ASIC duringthe transducer manufacturing.The use of ASIC, to improve O/Ltransducer performance combined withthe usual attractive pricing of O/Ltransducers makes the O/L ASIC basedtransducers much more desirable thansolutions of the past.The ASIC used inside the transduceralso makes it a more reliable device.Traditionally, the Open Loop electronicswas made as a discrete circuit thatnormally involved a large number ofcomponents, connections, solderpoints…A typical figure for the potential causes ofdefect is nearly 100. This is to becompared with less than 10 for a similarASIC based transducer : an improvementof more than ten. From a purelymathematical point of view, this implies amuch better MTBF.Software calibration eliminates humanerror !Potentiometers are no longer used forcalibration, still another source ofpotential defect erased from themanufacturing process, we increase alsothe vibration withstanding ability of thetransducer.As a matter of fact, our field defect figurefor a similar ASIC based product,launched a couple of years ago is lessthan 60 ppm.

Fig 23. Comparison between traditional O/L current tanducer (HTB 200-P model) and O/L ASICbased current tranducer (HAIS 200-P model) (dV/dt behaviour) (dV/dt = 6 kV/µs, 1000 V applied).

Fig 24. HXS 50-NP and HTFS 400-P : Behaviour against dV/dt = 6 kV/µs, 1000 V applied.

Reliability information and immunity to dV/dt noise

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Behaviour at dV/dt noise and someapplication advices

This ASIC has been designed for highEMC withstanding and immunity againstdV/dt (Fig 23) and disturbedenvironments. Common mode noises(dV/dt) are often encountered inapplications using fast switchingcomponents like IGBTs. Inverters are theperfect example of that, as they tend tooperate at high switching frequency, 20kHz or more for better efficiency.However, the dV/dt results in a capacitivecurrent between the primary conductorand the electronic circuit of thetransducer. The transducers with all theelectronic components inside aresensitive to this phenomena. This noisewill be superimposed on the transduceroutput signal creating some error on thenormal output. According to the errorinduced, this could easily lead toactivations of a current protection circuitin the application causing the inverter toshut down. Level shifting or error by thetransducer during the dV/dt is then aparameter to take into account duringthe design of the inverter for example(Fig. 24).A high frequency signal noise filter canbe installed by the user at the transduceroutput to limit this noise. Values of thefilter (R1 & C1) have to be defined by theuser according to the application

bandwidth need (nevertheless, foroptimum transducers performance, theresistance value R1 must be 100 Ohmand the capacitor value C1 can be up to1 µF. Fig. 25 : in red colour).

Best performances are ensured withsome application recommendations (Fig25).The transducer mounted on printed circuitshould be associated as closely aspossible, with some ceramic capacitors.These capacitors contribute notably tothe improvement of the EMC behaviour.Fig. 25 shows the cabling with the valuesfound in practice during measurements.This can however, be somewhat differentbased on application.The reference should have the samevalue as the supply voltage.

Standards

All these devices conform to EN 50178(standard for industrial applications) andEN 61010-1 (safety).They are CE marked in accordance withEuropean EMC Directive 89/336/EECand thus comply with local EMCregulations.UL recognition is in progress for allmodels. All transducers respond to theEU guidelines RoHS that come into forceJuly 1st 2006.

Conclusion

This new generation of currenttransducers from LEM Componentsprovides an ideal solution for the newrequirements of Power Electronics to getmore synergy between all thecomponents of the systems.They bring the necessary interfacesbetween the current capture and thesignal processing, leading to asimplification of the whole process withless intermediate converters.

Based on over 30 years experience inthe world of electrical measurement,LEM Components is dedicated todeveloping and adapting newtechnologies to the continually changingdemands of this market and this is whyLEM is truly “Made to Measure”.

Fig 25. Application recommendations for HTFS, HAIS & HXS models.

Some application advices and summary

≥≥≥≥≥

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Electrical dataPrimary nominal Primary currentr.m.s. current measuring range Type

IPN (A) IP (A)

20 ± 60 HXS 20-NP20 ± 60 HXS 20-NP/SP30 (design to

avoid heating in high frequency)50 ± 150 HXS 50-NP50 ± 150 HAIS 50-P, HAIS 50-TP 1)

100 ± 300 HAIS 100-P, HAIS 100-TP 1)

150 ± 450 HAIS 150-P200 ± 600 HAIS 200-P400 ± 600 HAIS 400-P200 ± 300 HTFS 200-P400 ± 600 HTFS 400-P800 ± 1200 HTFS 800-P

Serial Parallel Serial Parallel± 10 ± 20 ± 30 ±60 (dual phase) HXS 10-NP/SP3

Current Transducers IPN = 10 AIPN = 5-10-12.5-20-25-50 AIPN = 50 ..400 AIPN = 50 ..100 AIPN = 200-400-800 A

For the electronic measurement of currents : DC, AC, pulsed, mixed, with a galvanic isolation between theprimary circuit (high power) and the secondary circuit (electronic circuit).

HAIS Series HXS Series HTFS SeriesVOUT Analog output voltage @ IP VREF ± (0.625.IP/IPN) VREF ± (0.625.IP/IPN) VREF ± (1.25.IP/IPN) V

IP = 0 VREF ±0.025 VREF ± 0.0125 VREF ± 0.025 VVREF Internal Reference2) -Output voltage 2.5 ± 0.025 2.5 ± 0.025 1/2Vc ± 0.025 V

VREF Output impedance typ. 200 typ. 200 typ. 200 ΩVREF Load impedance ≥≥≥≥≥ 200 ≥≥≥≥≥ 200 ≥≥≥≥≥ 200 kΩ

R L Output load resistance ≥≥≥≥≥ 2 ≥≥≥≥≥ 2 ≥≥≥≥≥ 2 kΩROUT Output impedance < 10 < 10 < 10 ΩC L Output capacitive load up to 1 up to 1 up to 1 µFV c Supply voltage (± 5 %) 5 5 5 VI c Current consumption @ V c = 5 V 22 22 22 mA

Accuracy - Dynamic performance data HAIS Series HXS Series HTFS SeriesX Accuracy 3) @ IPN , TA = 25°C ≤ ± 1 ≤ ± 1 ≤ ± 1 % of IPNεεεεε L Linearity error 0 .. IPN ≤ ± 0.5 ≤ ± 0.5 ≤ ± 0.5 % of reading

.. 3 x IPN --- ≤ ± 1 --- % of readingTCVOUT Thermal drift of VOUT @ IP = 0 ≤ ± 0.3 ≤ ± 0.4 ≤ ± 0.3 mV/KTCVREF Thermal drift of VREF ≤ ± 0.01 ≤ ± 0.01 ≤ ± 0.01 %/KTCVOUT/VREF Thermal drift of VOUT/VREF @ IP = 0 ≤ ± 0.2 ≤ ± 0.2 ≤ ± 0.2 mV/KTCεG Thermal drift of the gain ≤ ± 0.05 ≤ ± 0.05 5) ≤ ± 0.05% of reading/KVOM Residual voltage @ IP = 0, after an overload of 3 x IPN DC < ± 0.4 < ± 0.7 6) < ± 0.5 % of IPNt ra Reaction time @ 10 % of IPN < 3 < 3 < 3 µst r Response time @ 90 % of IPN < 5 < 5 < 5 µsdi/dt di/dt accurately followed > 100 > 50 > 100 A/µs

Output noise without external filter (500 kHz) < 20 < 20 < 20 mVppf Frequency bandwidth ( - 3 dB) 4) DC .. 50 DC .. 50 DC .. 20 kHz

3) Excluding ofset and hysteresis.4) Small signal only to avoid excessive heatings of the magnetic core.5) ≤ ± 0.07 % of reading/K for HXS 20-NP/SP30.6) < ± 1 % for HXS 50-NP & < ± 1.2 % for HXS 20-NP/SP30.

All data are given with a RL = 10 kΩ

Notes : 1) - TP version is equipped with a primary bus bar.2) It is possible to overdrive VREF with an external reference voltage

between 2 - 2.8 V providing its ability to sink or sourceapproximately 2.5 mA.

HXS 10-NP/SP3HXS 20..50-NPHAIS 50..400-PHAIS 50..100-TPHTFS 200..800-P

LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without previous notice.

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General data HAIS Series HXS Series HTFS SeriesTA Ambient operating temperature - 40 .. + 85 - 40 .. + 85 - 40 .. + 105 °CTS Ambient storage temperature - 40 .. + 85 - 40 .. + 85 - 40 .. + 105 °CdCp Creepage distance > 8 > 5.5 > 4 m mdCl Clearance distance > 8 > 5.5 > 4 m mCTI Comparative tracking index > 600 (Group I) > 600 (Group I) > 220 (Group IIIa) V

UL94 classification V0 V0 V0m Mass (in brackets : TP version) 20 (30) 10 60 g

Standards EN 50178 : 1997 EN 50178 : 1997 EN 50178 : 1997

Insulation category HAIS Series HXS Series HTFS SeriesVb Nominal Voltage 300 150 150 V r.m.s.

with IEC 61010-1 standards and following conditions- Single insulation- Over voltage category III- Pollution degree 2- Heterogeneous field

Vb Nominal Voltage 600 300 150 V r.m.s.with EN 50178 standards and following conditions- Reinforced insulation- Over voltage category III- Pollution degree 2- Heterogeneous field

Vd R.m.s. voltage for AC isolation test, 50/60 Hz, 1 mn 2.5 2.5 7) 2.5 kVVe R.m.s. voltage for partial discharge extinction @ 10 pC > 1 > 1 kV

HAIS 50 .. ..400-P > 1 kVHAIS 50 .. ..100-TP > 1.4 kV

VW Impulse withstand voltage 1.2/50 µs 8 6 4 kVIf insulated cable is used for the primarycircuit, the voltage category could beimproved with the following table :

Cable insulation (primary) Category CategoryHAR 03 450V CAT III --- 300V CAT IIIHAR 05 550V CAT III --- 400V CAT IIIHAR 07 650V CAT III --- 500V CAT III

Note : 7) For HXS 10-NP/SP3: Primary to Secondary 2.5 kV, Primary 1 to Primary 2.5 KV.

Features• Hall effect measuring principle• Galvanic isolation between primary and secondary circuit• Isolation test voltage 2500 V• Low power consumption• Single power supply + 5 V• Multirange current transducer through PCB pattern lay-out

(HXS series)• Extremely low profile, 10 mm (HXS series)• Fixed offset & gain (HAIS & HXS models)• Fixed gain, ratiometric offset (HTFS models)• Bus bar version available for 5 A and 100 A ratings (HAIS)• TA = - 40 .. + 105°C (HTFS models).

Ip 0V

Vref.(IN/OUT)

Vout

+Vc

Advantages• Small size and space saving• High immunity to external interference• VREF IN/OUT (internal and external reference).

Applications• AC variable speed drives and servo motor drives• Static converters for DC motor drives• Battery supplied applications• Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)• Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)• Power supplies for welding applications• Forklift drives• Golf cars• Wheel chairs• Solar panel inverters.

Operation principle

LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without previous notice.

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"These transducers must be used in accordance with the following manufacturer'soperating instructions.The temperature of the primary conductor must not exceed 100° C (HAIS & HXS models).The power supply must be a low voltage source and must have efficient means ofprotection from overcurrents.The power supply must have a circuit breaker protection.This transducer must be used in electric/electronic equipment with respect to applicablestandards and safety requirements.When operating the transducer, certain parts of the module can carry hazardous voltage.Ignoring this warning can lead to injury and/or cause serious damage.This transducer is a built-in device, whose conducting parts must be inaccessible afterinstallation.A protective housing or additional shield must be used"

Safety

Caution, risk of danger

Caution, risk of electrical shock

80.

5

16

15

33

29

3

3.5

2-D1.0

6.5

1.5

11

6

14.5 11

33

29

0.5

2-D1.0

10

14.5 11

6.5

1.5

1114

1.5

1.5

3

3.5

6

25.919

.9

41

41

5 5

66

Terminal Pin Identification Recommended connection circuit1...+5V

HAIS 50..400-P HAIS 50..100-TP

2...0V3...OUTPUT4...Vref. (IN/OUT)5...Core Earth6...NC.

1

2

3

4

+5V

0V

OUTPUT

Vref. (IN/OUT)

47nF

47nF

4.3

3-P1.8

4.3

3-P1.8

4-0.25x0.45

(*)4.7nF

Recommended PCB hole

Pin 1-4 : 0.7 ± 0.1mmPin 5-6 : 1.5 ± 0.1mmPrimary bus bar : 2.3 ± 0.1mm

General tolerance : ± 0.2mm

Unit : mm

Front view Front view Right view

(*) should be connected to 0V of Power Supply for better dv/dt immunity.Arrow indicates positive current direction.

Bottom view Bottom view

LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without previous notice.

17

Mechanical characteristics

• General tolerance ± 0.2 mm• Fastening & connection of primary jumper 4 pins Ø 1.3 mm

Recommended PCB hole Ø 1.5 mm• Fastening & connection of secondary 4 pins 0.5 x 0.25

Recommended PCB hole Ø 0.7 mm

Remarks

• VOUT is positive when IP flows from terminals 1, 7 (IN) to terminals2, 8 (OUT).

• Temperature of the primary conductors should not exceed 100°C.

103.

5

3.5

P=2.

54

4-1.3d

16.5

6.10.6

7.62

7.7

18.5

4-0.5*0.25

18.5

12 14

VcGNDOutRef

12

78

Recommended connection circuit

HXS 10-NP 47nF

47nF

5V

0V

Output

Ref.

4.7nF/SP3

HXS 20 & 50-NP, HXS 20-NP/SP30Dimensions (in mm)

Mechanical characteristics

• General tolerance ± 0.2 mm• Fastening & connection of primary jumper 8 pins Ø 1.3 mm

Recommended PCB hole Ø 1.5 mm• Fastening & connection of secondary 4 pins 0.5 x 0.25

Recommended PCB hole Ø 0.7 mm

Remarks

• VOUT is positive when IP flows from terminals 1, 3, 5, 7 (IN) toterminals 2, 4, 6, 8 (OUT).

• Temperature of the primary conductors should not exceed 100°C.

HXS 10-NP/SP3 (Dual phase measurement with 2 separate primary windings)Dimensions (in mm)

103.

5

3.5

P=2.

54

8-1.3d

16.5

6.10.6

P=2.

54

7.7

18.5

4-0.5*0.25

18.5

12 14

VcGNDOutRef

12345678

Recommended connection circuit

HXS 20-NP 47nF

47nF

5V

0V

Output

Ref.

4.7nF

nominalIPN (A)

maximumIP (A)

20 60 HXS 20-NP & HXS 20-NP/SP30

50 150 HXS 50-NP

10 30 HXS 20-NP & HXS 20-NP/SP30

25 75 HXS 50-NP

5 15 HXS 20-NP & HXS 20-NP/SP30

12.5 37.5 HXS 50-NP

Number of primary turns

Recommended PCB connections Model

IN 1 3 5 7

2 4 6 8 OUT

Primary current

0.05

0.20

1.00

IN 1 3 5 7

2 4 6 8 OUT

IN 1 3 5 7

2 4 6 8 OUT

Primary resistance

RP (m ohm)

Primary insertion

inductanceLP (µF)

4

0.025

0.100

0.400

1

2

LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without previous notice.

nominalIPN (A)

maximumIP (A)

Primary current

Serial 0.50 0.025

Primary connections

Primary resistance

RP (m ohm)

Primary insertioninductance

LP (µF)

Recommended PCB connections

IN 1 7

2 8 OUT

Parallel 0.15 0.010

IN 1 7

2 8 OUT

10 30

20 60

18

HTFS 200..800-P (Fixation by M3 nuts & screws)Dimensions (in mm)

Mechanical characteristics (HTFS 200 .. 800-P)

• General tolerance ± 0.2 mm• Fixation by 4 x M3 (not supplied)• Recommended fastening torque < 2.5 Nm• Fastening & connection of secondary 4 pins 0.5 x 0.25

Recommended PCB hole Ø 0.7 mm

Remarks

• VOUT is positive when IP flows in the direction of the arrow.• Temperature of the primary conductor should not exceed 120°C.

HTFS 200..800-P/SP2 (PCB fixation)Dimensions (in mm)

Mechanical characteristics (HTFS 200 .. 800-P/SP2)

• General tolerance ± 0.2 mm• Fixation 4 pins x Ø 1.0• Recommended PCB hole Ø 1.2 mm• Fastening & connection of secondary 4 pins 0.5 x 0.25

Recommended PCB hole Ø 0.7 mm

Remarks

• VOUT is positive when IP flows in the direction of the arrow.• Temperature of the primary conductor should not exceed 120°C.

1

4

163-

P=2

.54

7

26

4.5

Ip

4-0.25x0.5

16.5

20.3

5

0.5

3.5+/-1

d22

40

3R333

33

4-d=1.0

33

33

4-d3.5

1

4

163-

P=2.

54

7

26

4.5

Ip

d5d6

4-0.25x0.5

16.5

20

5

0.5

1

3.5+/-1

d22

40

Terminal Pin1 .. + 5 V2 .. 0 V3 .. Output4 .. VREF (IN/OUT)

LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without previous notice.

19

5 Years Warrantyon LEM Transducers

LEM designs and manufactures high quality andhigh reliability products for its customers over the entire world.

Since 1972, we have delivered several million current and voltage transducers which are,for most of them, still in operation on traction vehicles, industrial motor drives,

UPS systems and many other applications requiring high quality standards.

Our 5 years warranty applies on all LEM transducers delivered fromthe 1st. of January 1996 and is valid in addition to the legal warranty.

The warranty granted on our Transducers is for a periodof 5 years (60 months) from the date of their delivery.

During this period we shall replace or repair at our cost all defective parts(provided the defect is due to defective material or workmanship).

Further claims as well as claims for the compensation of damages, which donot occur on the delivered material itself, are not covered by this warranty.

All defects must be notified to us immediately and faulty material must be returnedto the factory along with a description of the defect.

Warranty repairs and or replacements are carried out at our discretion.The customer bears the transport costs. An extension of the warranty period following

repairs undertaken under warranty cannot be granted.

The warranty will be invalidated if the buyer has modified or repaired, or has had repairedby a third party the material without LEM's written consent.

The warranty does not cover any damage caused byincorrect conditions of use and cases of force majeure.

No responsibility will apply except legal requirements regarding product liability.

The warranty explicitly excludes all claims exceeding the above conditions.

LEM, Geneva, January 1. 2001Business Area Components

Paul Van IseghemPresident of LEM Components

LEM Components8, Chemin des Aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-OuatesTel. +41/22/7 06 11 11, Fax +41/22/7 94 94 78e-mail: Isa@lem.com; www.lem.com

LEM International Sales Representatives

Distributor

Publication CH 24108 E/US (11.04 • 9/6 • CDH)

BrazilIntech Engenharia Ltd5 Andar CJ 52Av. Adolfo Pinheiro1010BR-04734-002 Sao PauloTel. +55 11 5548 1433Fax +55 11 5548 1433e-mail: intech@intech-engenharia.com.br

CanadaOptimum Components Inc.7750 Birchmount Road Unit 5CAN-Markham ON L3R 0B4Tel. +1 905 477 9393Fax +1 905 477 6197e-mail:mikep@optimumcomponents.com

ChileELECTROCHILEFreire 979 of. 303-304QuilpueTel. +56 32 92 32 22Fax +56 32 92 32 22e-mail: elechile@entchile.net

South AfricaDenver Technical Products Ltd.P.O. Box 75810SA-2047 Garden ViewTel. +27 11 626 20 23Fax +27 11 626 20 09e-mail: denvertech@pixie.co.za

U.S.ACentral Office:LEM U.S.A., Inc.6643 West Mill RoadUSA Milwaukee, Wi 53218Tel. +1 414 353 07 11Toll free: 800 236 53 66Fax +1 414 353 07 33e-mail: lus@lem.com

LEM U.S.A., Inc999, Pennsylvania Ave.USA-Columbus, OH 43201Tel. +1 614 298 84 34Fax +1 614 540 74 36Mobile +1 614 306 73 02e-mail: afg@lem.com

LEM U.S.A., Inc.27 Rt 191APO Box 1207USA-Amherst, NH 03031Tel. +1 603 672 71 57Fax. +1 603 672 71 59e-mail: gap@lem.com

AustriaLEM NORMA GmbHLiebermannstrasse F01A-2345 Brunn am GebirgeTel. +43 2236 69 15 01Fax +43 2236 69 14 00e-mail: lna@lem.com

BeNeLuxLEM Belgium sprl-bvbaRoute de Petit-Roeulx, 95B-7090 Braine-le-ComteTel. : +32 67 55 01 14Fax : +32 67 55 01 15e-mail : lbe@lem.com

CroatiaProteus ElectricVia di Noghere 94/1I-34147 Muggia-AquiliniaTel. +39 040 23 21 88Fax +39 040 23 24 40e-mail:dino.fabiani@proteuselectric.it

Czech RepublicPE & ED Spol. S.R.O.Koblovska 101/23CZ-71100 Ostrava/KoblovTel. +420 59 6239256Fax +420 59 6239531e-mail: peedova@peed.cz

DenmarkMotron A/STorsovej 4DK-8240 RisskovTel. +45 87 36 86 00Fax +45 87 36 86 01e-mail: motron@motron.dk

FinlandEtra-Dielectric OyLampputie 2SF-00741 HelsinkiTel. +358 207 65 160Fax +358 207 65 23 11e-mail: markku.soittila@etra.fi

Australia and New ZealandFastron Technologies Pty Ltd.25 Kingsley CloseRowville - Melbourne -Victoria 3178Tel. +61 39 763 51 55Fax +61 39 763 51 66e-mail: sales@fastron.com.au

ChinaBeijing LEM Electronics Co.LtdNo. 1 Standard FactoryBuilding BAirport Industria AreaCN-Beijing 101300Tel. +86 10 80 49 04 70Fax +86 10 80 49 04 73e-mail: hzh@lem.com

IndiaGlobetek122/49, 27th Cross7th Block, JayanagarIN-Bangalore-560082Tel. +91 80 2 663 57 76Fax +91 80 2 653 40 20e-mail: globetek@vsnl.com

JapanNANALEM K.K.2-1-2 NakamachiJ-194-0021TokyoTel. +81 42 725 8151Fax +81 42 728 8119e-mail: nle@lem.com

KoreaYoungwoo Ind. Co.C.P.O. Box 10265K-SeoulTel. +82 2 312 66 88 58Fax +82 2 312 66 88 57e-mail: c.k.park@ygwoo.co.kr

MalaysiaAcei Systems SDN BHDNo. 3, SB Jaya 7Taman Industri SB Jaya47000 Sungai BulohSelangor, MalaysiaTel. +60 36157 85 08/55 08Fax +60 3615715 18e-mail: ssbhullar@aceisys.com.my

SingaporeOverseas Trade Center Ltd.03 - 168 Bukit Merah L. 1BLK 125/Alexandra VilRS-150125 SingaporeTel. +65 6 272 60 77Fax +65 6 278 21 34e-mail: octpl@signet.com.sg

TaiwanTope Co., Ltd.P.O. Box 101-3563F, No. 344, Fu Shing RoadROC-10483 TaipeiTel. +886 2 509 54 80Fax +886 2 504 31 61e-mail: tope@ms1.hinet.net

Field Applications EngineerDominique RoggoTel. +358 40 564 22 91e-mail: dro@lem.com

FranceLEM France SarlLa Ferme de Courtaboeuf19 avenue des IndesF-91969 Courtaboeuf CedexTel. +33 1 69 18 17 50Fax +33 1 69 28 24 29e-mail: lfr@lem.com

GermanyCentral Office:LEM Deutschland GmbHFrankfurter Strasse 74D-64521 Gross-GerauTel. +49 6152 9301 0Fax +49 6152 8 46 61e-mail: postoffice.lde@lem.com

Hauber & Graf Electronics GmbHBavaria / Baden WürttembergWahlwiesenstr. 3D-71711 SteinheimTel: +49 7144 28 15 03/04Fax: +49 7144 28 15 05e-mail: electronics@hauber-graf.de

HungaryOrszaczky Trading LTD.Korányi Sandor U, 28H-1089 BudapestTel. +36 1 314 4225Fax +36 1 324 8757e-mail: orszaczky@axelero.hu

ItalyLEM Italia Srlvia V. Bellini, 7I-35030 Selvazzano Dentro, PDTel. +39 049 805 60 60Fax +39 049 805 60 59e-mail: lit@lem.com

IsraelOfer Levin Technological ApplicationPO Box 18247IL- Tel Aviv 611 81Tel.+972 3 5586279Fax +972 3 5586282e-mail: ol_teap@netvision.net.il

NorwayHolst & Fleischer A/SStanseveien 6BN-0975 OsloTel. +47 2333 8500Fax +47 2333 8501e-mail: knut@hf-elektro.no

PolandDACPOL Sp. z o.o.Ul. Pulawska 34PL-05-500 Piaseczno K. WarszawyTel. +48 22 7500868Fax +48 22 7035101e-mail: dacpol@dacpol.com.pl

PortugalQEnergia, LdaPraceta Cesário Verde - 10 S/CaveP-2745-740 MassamáTel. +351 214 309320Fax +351 214 309299e-mail: qenergia@qenergia.pt

RomaniaSYSCOM -18 Srl.Protopopescu 10, bl. 4. ap 2 Sector 1R-011728 BucharestTel. +40 21 310 26 78Fax +40 21 310 26 79e-mail: georgeb@syscom.ro

RussiaCentral Office:TVELEMMarshall Budionny Str.11170023 Tver / RussiaTel. +7 822 44 40 53Fax +7 822 44 40 53e-mail: tvelem@lem.com

TVELEMLeningradski Avenue, d. 80Korp. 32, 3d floor, room 19.125190 MoscowTel. +7 095 363 07 67Fax +7 095 363 07 67e-mail: tvelem@lem.com

TVELEMV.O., 2 linia, 19, Liter „A“199053 S. PetersburgTel. +7 812 323 83 83Fax +7 812 323 83 83e-mail: tvelem@lem.com

SloveniaProteus ElectricVia di Noghere 94/1I-34147 Muggia-AquiliniaTel. +39 040 23 21 88Fax +39 040 23 24 40e-mail: dino.fabiani@proteuselectric.it

SpainLEM ComponentsStefan LüscherTel. +34 93 886 02 28Fax +34 93 886 60 87e-mail: slu@lem.com

AVANZELCOMPONENTES, S.L.Madrid regionAvda. Sancho Rosa 66E-28708 San Sebastián de los ReyesTel. +34 91 6236828Fax +34 91 6236702e-mail: ventas@avanzel.com

SwedenBeving Elektronik A.B.Jägerhorns väg 8S-14105 HuddingeTel. +46 8 6801199Fax +46 8 6801188e-mail:information@bevingelektronik.se

BAC/E, 11.04

SwitzerlandSIMPEX Electronic AGBinzackerstrasse 33CH-8622 WetzikonTel. +41 1 931 10 10Fax +41 1 931 10 11e-mail: contact@simpex.ch

LEM SA8, Chemin des AulxCH-1228 Plan-les-OuatesTel. +41 22 706 11 11Fax +41 22 794 94 78e-mail: lsa@lem.com

TurkeyÖzdisan Electronik PazarlamaGalata Kulesi Sokak N° 34TR-80020 Kuledibi / IstanbulTel. +90 212 2499806Fax +90 212 2436946e-mail: oabdi@ozdisan.com

United Kingdom and EireLEM UK SalesGeneva Court, 1Penketh Place, West PimboSkelmersdaleLancashire WN8 9QXTel. +44 1 695 72 07 77Fax +44 1 695 5 07 04e-mail: luk@lem.com

LEM U.S.A., Inc.7985 Vance DriveUSA Arvada, CO 80003Tel. +1 303 403 17 69Fax. +1 303 403 15 89e-mail: dlw@lem.com

POWERTRONICS CO. LTD2F, No 138, Sec. 3Chung-shin Rd, Shing-Tien,Taipei -Hsien 231,Taiwan, R.O.C.Tel. +886 2 2915 7000Fax +886 2 2915 3910e-mail: powertro@ms22.hinet.net

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