Technical Aspects of E-Commerce Part 1 of 2
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Technical Aspects ofTechnical Aspects ofE-Commerce Part 1 of 2E-Commerce Part 1 of 2
Mort AnvariMort Anvari
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IntroductionIntroduction
- Overview of Sample Network
- Definitions
- Transaction Walk Through
- The E-Commerce Application
- Web Servers
- Operating Systems
- Hardware
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Sample NetworkSample Network
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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ArchitectureArchitecture
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
Physical World
NetworkCard
Software
HardwareVideoCard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Motherboard
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DefinitionsDefinitions
Scalability - The ability of a product to work well as it or it’s environment is changed in size or power.
Reliability - The ability of product to continue working in adverse situations or with bad data.
TCO - Total Cost of Ownership. How much a product costs over it’s life span.
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DefinitionsDefinitions
Manageability - The ease with which a product can be maintained. Also, the degree of control allowed by the vendor.
User Friendliness - The ease with which and untrained person can use a product.
Security - The ability of a product to protect itself from malicious attack.
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
In our example, the user wants to get their bank statement for the month as well as their bank balances. This is representative of small to medium size e-commerce sites. Larger sites use much of the same components, but more powerful or in larger quantities.
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
1. Client makes request to Web Server
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
2. Web server fetches HTML page containing a form from the hard drive
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
Physical World
NetworkCard
VideoCard
Motherboard
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
3. Server sends page to client
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
4. User fills in form and clicks on submit button.
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
5. Browser sends contents of form to web server requesting that it be passed to a specific cgi script. The name of the script to be executed is embedded in the form.
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
6. Web server executes CGI script and passes it form data.
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
NetworkCard
VideoCard
Motherboard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Physical World
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
7. CGI script validates the “form” data.
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
NetworkCard
VideoCard
Motherboard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Physical World
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
8. The script contacts the SQL server and requests the account history and balances using the account number given to the script by the user.
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
9. The SQL server locates the data and sends it back to the CGI Script.
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
10. Using the account history and balances acquired from the SQL server, the script creates a web page. A common method is to have a template file that contains the basic HTML formatting and fill in the body with dynamic data.
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
NetworkCard
VideoCard
Motherboard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Physical World
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
11. The CGI script passes the newly formed page to the web server.
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
NetworkCard
VideoCard
Motherboard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Physical World
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Example TransactionExample Transaction
12. Web server sends the final page to the client PC’s browser which displays it for the user.
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer
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The E-Commerce AppThe E-Commerce App
What is it?- Set of software components and web data
- Made to conduct business transactions
- Designed to interact with both web users and internal company systems
- It is the web site
- All other components act as support for this piece
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The E-Commerce AppThe E-Commerce App
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
Physical World
NetworkCard
Software
HardwareVideoCard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Motherboard
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The E-Commerce AppThe E-Commerce App
- Web Page Languages
- CGI Scripts & Their Languages
- What do the scripts do?
- Prepackaged or Custom?
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Web Page LanguagesWeb Page Languages
- HTML
- JavaScript
- Java
- ActiveX
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HTMLHTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
- The Lingua Franca of the Web
- Accessible from all browsers
- No Intelligence
- Cannot be changed on the fly
- All of your pages should look good
using HTML only. The rest is gravy.
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Java ScriptJava Script
- Language designed to add minor
functionality to HTML pages
- Simple Intelligence
- Sample Apps: counters, audio
effects, calculators, scrolling text,
menus, graphic effects etc...
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JavaJava
- Sophisticated language and operating
environment from Sun Microsystems
- Very intelligent
- Platform Independent
- Sample Apps: word processors,
control systems, network services
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ActiveXActiveX
- A mechanism for transmitting full
programs over the internet and
running them
- Arguably most powerful technology
- Major security headache
- Platform Dependant
- Faster than Java
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Best UseBest Use
HTML
- The basis of all web pages
- Pages should be accessible to
HTML only browsers
JavaScript
- Add on to HTML for pizzazz
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Best UseBest Use
Java
- Add real sophistication to web pages
ActiveX
- Add real sophistication to web pages
- Best in Intranets
- Sites may block your ActiveX
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CGI ScriptsCGI Scripts
- CGI = Common Gateway Interface
- CGI connects web users to programs
- Script is just a normal program
- Makes web pages
- May take other, advanced actions
- Think Security: The whole world can
run programs on your server
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ASPs and PHP3ASPs and PHP3
- ASP = Active Server Page
- PHP3 = PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
- A very efficient replacement for CGI
- Puts tiny programs in web pages
- The programs are run before the page
is sent to the browser
- Browsers can only see the results of the
program
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CGI Script/ASP LanguagesCGI Script/ASP Languages
- Visual Basic/VB Script
- Shell Scripts
- Java
- Perl
- C/C++
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Visual Basic/VB ScriptVisual Basic/VB Script
- Reasonably sophisticated languages
produced by Microsoft
- Easy to find programmers
- Not Platform Independent
- Not very efficient
- VB Script is a cut-down version of
Visual Basic
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Shell ScriptsShell Scripts
- A way of automating complex tasks in
Unix. Like a DOS batch file but far
more sophisticated
- Powerful and easy to write
- Platform Independent amongst Unixes
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JavaJava
- Java is also used as a server side
language. It is one of the few that can
be used on both the client and server
sides.
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PerlPerl
- An extremely versatile language
designed by Larry Wall
- Scripts can be written quickly and
efficiently
- A very practical language
- Platform Independent
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C/C++C/C++
- The Lingua Franca of professional
application development
- Easy to find programmers
- Takes longer to write in but yields a
better product
- Platform Independent
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Types of ScriptsTypes of Scripts
- Submit form contents into database
- Send form contents via e-mail
- Retrieve information from database
and create web page based on it
- Verify credit card transaction
- Send form contents as fax
- Send a message to a pager
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Pre-Packaged vs. CustomPre-Packaged vs. Custom
Pre-Packaged
- Minimal Effort
- Many can be found for free
- Difficult or impossible to customize
- Licensing agreements may limit your
commercial use
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Pre-Packaged vs. CustomPre-Packaged vs. Custom
Custom
- Expensive
- Long implementation time
- Built to suit
Hybrid
- Best overall solution
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Web ServerWeb Server
What is it?- A software program
- Prepares HTML pages by reading them from disk or executing a CGI Script
- Sends HTML pages to web client
- Runs the CGI scripts
- Passes user data to the CGI scripts
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Web ServersWeb Servers
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
Physical World
NetworkCard
Software
HardwareVideoCard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Motherboard
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Web ServersWeb Servers
- Microsoft IIS
- Netscape Enterprise
- Apache
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Microsoft IISMicrosoft IIS
- IIS = Internet Information Server
- Inexpensive
- Solid feature set
- Fast
- Best pre-packaged site support
- Security Problems
- Platform Dependant
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Netscape Enterprise ServerNetscape Enterprise Server
- Best overall web server
- Best feature set
- Decentralized content creation
- Good security
- Multi-platform
- Relatively costly
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ApacheApache
- Market dominance (55%)
- Very fast, scalable & flexible
- Great support
- Best security
- Not user friendly
- Features may need to be added
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Reliability ChartReliability Chart
1. Apache 100
2. Netscape 95
3. IIS 90
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Scalability ChartScalability Chart
1. Apache 100
2. Netscape 90
3. IIS 45
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Manageability ChartManageability Chart
1. Netscape 100
2. IIS 90
3. Apache 80
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Security ChartSecurity Chart
1. Apache 100
2. Netscape 95
3. IIS 60
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User Friendliness ChartUser Friendliness Chart
1. IIS 80
2. Netscape 70
3. Apache 35
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Price ChartPrice Chart
1. Apache 100
2. IIS 98
3. Netscape 40
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Best Uses for ServersBest Uses for Servers
Microsoft IIS
- Medium traffic sites
- Good for cost conscious sites
- Not good for E-Commerce
Netscape Enterprise
- Medium or high traffic sites
- Best intranet server
- E-Commerce capable
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Best Uses for ServersBest Uses for Servers
Apache
- Low, medium or high traffic sites
- E-Commerce capable
- Best overall server
- Not for technical newcomers
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Operating SystemOperating System
What is it?- A software program
- Manages all other programs
- Manages hardware resources
- Handles input and output from to and from devices like printers, disks, and the network
- Communicates status info to users
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Operating SystemsOperating Systems
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
Physical World
NetworkCard
Software
HardwareVideoCard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Motherboard
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Operating SystemsOperating Systems
- Windows 95/98
- Windows NT
- Unix
- Linux
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Windows 95/98Windows 95/98
- Microsoft’s consumer level OS
- Not a proper OS
- No scalability
- Inefficient
- Dies like a lemming
- It’s rubbish
- Never use it for anything serious
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Windows NT/2000Windows NT/2000
- Microsoft’s Professional OS
- Better than 95/98 in every respect
- Inexpensive
- Excellent application support
- Security Issues
- Immature
- Highly proprietary
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UnixUnix
- Collection of similar OSes
- HP/UX, Solaris, AIX
- Best is all categories except
User Friendliness
- Mature, Internet = Unix
- Multi-user design
- Expensive and technical
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LinuxLinux
- Free version of Unix
- Huge momentum in marketplace
- Great support
- Friendlier than other Unixes
- E-Commerce in a box
- Not quite as good as other Unixes
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Reliability ChartReliability Chart
1. Unix 100
2. Linux 90
3. Windows NT 40
4. Windows 95 15
5. Windows 3.11 5
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Scalability ChartScalability Chart
1. Unix 100
2. Linux 50
3. Windows NT 20
4. Windows 95 5
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Manageability ChartManageability Chart
1. Unix 100
2. Linux 90
3. Windows NT 60
4. Windows 95 40
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Security ChartSecurity Chart
1. B1 Unix 100
2. C2 Unix/Linux 65
3. Windows NT 40
4. Windows 95 5
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User Friendliness ChartUser Friendliness Chart
1. Macintosh 100
2. Windows 95 60
3. Windows NT 55
4. Linux 45
5. Unix 20
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Price ChartPrice Chart
1. Linux 95
2. Windows 95 65
3. Windows NT 35
4. Unix 10
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Best Uses of Each OSBest Uses of Each OS
Windows 95- Games
- Word Processing
- Not a serious OS
Windows NT- Low to medium traffic
- Be very careful with E-Commerce
- Best for low-tech firms
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Best Uses of Each OSBest Uses of Each OS
Unix- Low, medium and high traffic
- E-Commerce capable
- Best for mega-sites
Linux
- Low, medium and high traffic
- E-Commerce capable
- Good for all uses
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HardwareHardware
What is it?- The physical components of a computing
system
- If it can be held in your hand it’s hardware
- If it can’t it’s software
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HardwareHardware
Web Server
CGI Script
Operating
System
I/O Layer
HTMLPagesData
UserSpace
SystemSpace
Physical World
NetworkCard
Software
HardwareVideoCard
HD Controller
Hard Drive
Motherboard
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HardwareHardware
- Architecture
- Hard Drives
- Backup Systems
- Network Interfaces
- RAM
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ArchitectureArchitecture
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Comp.)Can do complex operations
Can do many functions
i.e. 486, Pentium, PowerPC
- RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Comp.)Can do a few simple operations
Faster than CISC
i.e. SPARC, HP9000
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Hard DrivesHard Drives
- SingleA regular hard drive
- MirroredFault-Tolerant
Expensive
- Drive ArrayFault-Tolerant
Slower but cheaper than Mirror
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Hard DrivesHard Drives
- Highly Redundant Drive EnclosureExternal to server
Can lose multiple drives
Very fast
Very expensive
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Backup SystemsBackup Systems
- DAT (Digital Audio Tape)Fast, efficient and reliable
Tape sizes from 2-24GB
Backwards compatible
- DLT (Digital Linear Tape)Very fast, reliability problems
Tapes can hold up to 70GB
New technology
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Backup SystemsBackup Systems
- Tape LibraryUses multiple DLTs or DATs
Uses many tapes
Robotic arm changes tapes
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Network InterfacesNetwork Interfaces
- LAN (Local Area Network)Small in geographic size
Fast and cheap
Owned
- WAN (Wide Area Network)Connects distant LANs
Slow and expensive
Rented
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Random Access MemoryRandom Access Memory
- RegularGarden variety memory
- ParityChecks for memory errors
Stops machine on error
- ECC (Error Checking and Correcting)Checks for memory errors
Corrects errors
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Next TimeNext Time
PC Internet
WebServer
FWR PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
MailServer
SQLServer
FileServer