Technical and Regulatory Studies on HAPS - Aristotle...

Technical and Regulatory Studies Technical and Regulatory Studies on HAPSon HAPS

04 December 2008

Jong Min ParkJong Min Park

22

ContentsContents

1. Overview of HAPS1. Overview of HAPS

2. Frequency identifications for HAPS2. Frequency identifications for HAPS

3. Technical and regulatory conditions for 3. Technical and regulatory conditions for HAPSHAPS

4. Conclusions4. Conclusions

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DefinitionDefinitionRadio Regulations, No.1.66A

High altitude platform station: A station located on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the Earth.

Sea LevelSea Level88.8km.8km

800 km800 km

36,000 km36,000 km

322 km322 km

LEOLEO

GEOGEO

Space ShuttleSpace Shuttle

AirplaneAirplane

Mt. EverestMt. Everest16 16 kmkm20 km20 km

HAPSHAPS

Terrestrial HAPS LEO GEO

Coverage(diameter)

<1km Up to 200km

>500km Up to global

Cell size(diameter)

0.1-1km 1-10km 50km 400km min.

Total service coverage

Spot service

National/regional

global Quasi-global

Max. Tx rate per user

155Mbps 25-155Mbps

<2Mbps(up)64Mbps(down)

155Mbps

System deployment

Several base stations before use

flexible Many satellitesBefore use

Flexible, but long lead time

55

Potential applications using HAPSPotential applications using HAPS

PSDNPSTN

Gateway

WWW

HAPSHAPS

InterInter--HAPS linkHAPS link

DisasterMonitoring

RadioMonitoring

AdditionalAdditionalServicesServices

Service Provider,Private Company

router

BroadcastingBroadcasting

High SpeedHigh SpeedInternetInternet

512k ~ 2Mbps512k ~ 2Mbps

High SpeedHigh SpeedMobile MultimediaMobile Multimedia

64k ~ 512kbps64k ~ 512kbps

Leased LineLeased Line512k ~ 2Mbps,512k ~ 2Mbps,2M ~ 45Mbps2M ~ 45Mbps

SOHOHandheld, Mobile

Major Communication ServicesMajor Communication Services

MeteorologicalObservation

Air Pollution Air Pollution MonitoringMonitoring

Plant Plant ObservationObservation

Digital TV, news gathering

Surveillance

66

StratXXStratXX

World map of HAPS developmentWorld map of HAPS development

77

Necessity of technical and regulatory studiesNecessity of technical and regulatory studies

Limited spectrum resourcesLimited spectrum resources Evolution of various wireless servicesEvolution of various wireless services

GSO GSO sat.sat.

GSO GSO ESESTerrTerr. .

stationstation

HAPSHAPS

99

47/48 GHz Frequency Bands47/48 GHz Frequency Bands

WRCWRC--9797 made provision for operation of HAPS so that the frequency allocation to the FS(FixedFS(Fixed Service) Service) in the bands 47.247.2--47.5 GHz and 47.947.5 GHz and 47.9--48.2 GHz 48.2 GHz would be designated for use by HAPS on the global basis.

There is no specific identificationno specific identification for either HAPS-to-ground direction or ground-to-HAPS direction.

Such use of the bands above is subject to the provisions of Resolution 122Resolution 122, which was revised at WRC-07.

However, it should be noted that under the provision of RR footnote No. 5.552, administrations are urged to take all administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to reserve fixedpracticable steps to reserve fixed--satellite satellite service(FSSservice(FSS) use of ) use of the band 47.2the band 47.2--49.2 GHz for feeder links for the broadcasting49.2 GHz for feeder links for the broadcasting--satellite satellite service(BSSservice(BSS) operating in the band 40.5) operating in the band 40.5--42.5 GHz42.5 GHz.

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27/31 GHz Frequency Bands27/31 GHz Frequency Bands

At WRCWRC--20002000, several countries expressed a need for a lower frequency band for HAPS on account of severe rain attenuation on account of severe rain attenuation which occurs at 47/48 GHz bands.

HAPS in the FS may use the band 27.527.5--28.35 GHz (down28.35 GHz (down--link) link) and the band 3131--31.3 GHz (up31.3 GHz (up--link)link) in 12 countries located mainly at Asia-Pacific region under certain conditions.

At WRCWRC--0303, some countries including Korea and North/South America also expressed an interest in use of the frequency bands.

The additional countries may use the bands by HAPS under certainconditions. (The use of the band 27.5-28.35 GHz was changed to limit to a limit to a single 300 MHz subsingle 300 MHz sub--bandband within the band.)

At WRCWRC--0707, feasibility of identifying a common suitable and preferable a common 300 MHz segment of the band 27.5a common 300 MHz segment of the band 27.5--28.35 GHz 28.35 GHz for use by HAPS was considered.

Finally, the band 27.927.9--28.2 GHz was identified 28.2 GHz was identified as the common segment. (Cameroon and India were included for the list of countries.)

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Frequency Bands for IMTFrequency Bands for IMT--2000 Service2000 Service

At WRCWRC--20002000, the use of HAPS as base stations within terrestrial component of IMT-2000 was considered as optional for any countries.

Under the Radio Regulations No.5.388A, HAPS may be used as base stations in the bands;

1,8851,885--1,980 MHz, 2,0101,980 MHz, 2,010--2,025 MHz and 2,1102,025 MHz and 2,110--2,170 MHz2,170 MHz**(in Regions 1 and 3)

1,8851,885--1,980 MHz and 2,1101,980 MHz and 2,110--2,160 MHz2,160 MHz ** (in Region 2)

((* * :: HAPS stations are intended to transmit.HAPS stations are intended to transmit.)

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OthersOthers

Since WRCWRC--20002000, for the possible use of HAPS in the FS and MS in the frequency bands above 3 GHz above 3 GHz allocated exclusively for terrestrial radiocommunication, feasibility study has been conducted under Resolution 734Resolution 734.

There have been no frequency identifications no frequency identifications for the purpose of the Resolution until WRC-07.

WRCWRC--0707 revised the Resolution to study in order to to identify two channels of 80 MHz each for gateway links identify two channels of 80 MHz each for gateway links for HAPSfor HAPS in the range from 5,850 to 7,075 MHz5,850 to 7,075 MHz, in bands already allocated to the FS, while ensuring the protection of existing services, under WRCWRC--11 agenda item 1.2011 agenda item 1.20.

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OverviewOverview

Radio astronomy service(RAS)(passive) station

Fixed wireless system(FWS)

Earth-exploration satellite service(EESS)(passive)

Space station

FSS Earth station

Fixed satellite service(FSS)space station

HAPS platform

HAPS User terminal

Wanted signalInterference

Mobile service(MS)systems

Service concerned with HAPSFreq. Res. Rec.

FS FSS PS MS

SF.1481F.1500F.1501F.1608F.1819F.1820

U-band 122

SF.1843F.1569F.1570

SF.1601F.1607F.1609

Ka-band 145

F.1612M.1456

S-band 221 M.1641> 3 GHz 734 F.1764

Frequency sharing scenarios consideredFrequency sharing scenarios considered Outputs of ITUOutputs of ITU--R studies on HAPSR studies on HAPS

Note:Note: Res. Resolution (WRC)Rec. Recommendation (ITU-R)PS Passive services

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For 47/48 GHz Frequency BandsFor 47/48 GHz Frequency Bands

Technical mattersPreferred characteristics of systems in the FS using HAPS (F.1500)Frequency sharing between HAPS and other FS systemsMethodology for determining coordination distance (F.1501)Methodology for analysing the sharing possibilities (F.1608)Power flux density at international borders (F.1820)

−−141141 dB(W/(mdB(W/(m22 ·· MHz))MHz)) for 0for 0°° ≤≤ θθ ≤≤ 33°°−−141141 ++ 2.0(2.0(θθ −− 3)3) dB(W/(mdB(W/(m22 ·· MHz))MHz)) for 3for 3°° < < θθ ≤≤ 1313°°−−121121 dB(W/(mdB(W/(m22 ·· MHz))MHz)) for 13for 13°°< < θθ ≤≤ 9090°°where θ is the angle of the arrival above the horizontal plane of the Earth

Frequency sharing between HAPS and FSS systemsMethodology for analysing the sharing possibilities (SF.1481)Methodology to determine power level to facilitate sharing with space station receivers (SF.1843)Protection of RAS from unwanted emissions from HAPS (F.1819)The separation distance between the radio astronomy station and the nadir of a HAPS platform should exceed 5050 kmkm.

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For 47/48 GHz Frequency Bands For 47/48 GHz Frequency Bands (cont(cont’’d)d)

Regulatory mattersResolution 122 Resolution 122 is a regulatory provision for the use of the bands by HAPS in the FS, which was adopted in 1997. Based on the progress of technical and regulatory studies, the Resolution has been reviewed and appropriately modified through next three WRCs. The Resolution provides several provisions as follows;

For facilitating sharing with the FSS (Earth-to-space), the maximum transmit e.i.r.p. density of a ubiquitous HAPS ground terminal shall not exceed 6.4 dB(W/MHz), 22.57 dB(W/MHz) and 28 dB(W/MHz) under clear-sky conditions, respectively for urban, sub-urban and rural area coverage and it could be increased by up to 5 dB for the rainy conditions. The ground terminal antenna pattern of HAPS is provided to be met in the Resolution.For protecting FWS in neighbouring countries from co-channel interference, a HAPS system should not exceed power flux-density of –141 dB(W/(m2 · MHz)) at the Earth’s surface at border, unless explicit agreement of the affected country is provided at the time of the notification of HAPS.For protecting RAS stations operating in the band 48.94-49.04 GHz from unwanted emissions of HAPS, the separation distance between the RAS station and the nadir of a HAPS platform should exceed 50 km. Any countries planning to implement a HAPS system should notify the frequency assignments by submitting all mandatory information specified in RR Appendix 4 to the ITU.

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For 27/31 GHz Frequency BandsFor 27/31 GHz Frequency Bands

Technical mattersTechnical and operational characteristics of systems in the FS using HAPS (F.1569)Frequency sharing between HAPS and other FS systemsInterference mitigation techniques for use by HAPS (F.1607)Interference evaluation from HAPS to conventional FS systems (F.1609)Frequency sharing between HAPS and FSS systemsMethodology for interference evaluation from the downlink of HAPS to the uplink of GSO/FSS (SF.1601)Protection of Passive Service from HAPSImpact of uplink transmission in HAPS in EESS(passive) in the 31.3-31.8 GHz band (F.1570)

the level of unwanted emissions : limited to the level of unwanted emissions : limited to ––105 105 dB(WdB(W/MHz)/MHz)Interference evaluation of HAPS to protect RAS from uplink tx in HAPS (F.1612)

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For 27/31 GHz Frequency Bands For 27/31 GHz Frequency Bands (cont(cont’’d)d)

Regulatory matters22 countries listed in the RR footnotes No.5.537A and No.5.543A should not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, other types of FS systems or other co-primary servicesCountries in Region 2 in accordance with Resolution 145 can use Ka-bands.should not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, other stations of services operating in accordance with the Table of Frequency Allocations of Article 5 of RR. Resolution 145 Resolution 145 provides several provisions as follows;Systems using HAPS should not cause harmful interference to the RAS having a primary allocation in the band 31.3-31.8 GHzIn order to ensure the protection of satellite passive services, the level of unwanted power density into the HAPS ground station antenna in the band 31.3-31.8 GHz should be limited to −106 dB(W/MHz) under clear-sky.The countries intending to implement systems using HAPS in the FS should get explicit agreement of concerned countries with regard to their stations of primary services or other services for Region 2 to ensure that the conditions specified in the provisions of RR are met and notify the frequency assignment(s) by submitting all mandatory elements of RR Appendix 4 to ITU.

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Technical mattersMinimum performance characteristics and operational conditions for HAPS providing IMT-2000 (M.1456)For the purpose of protecting stations operated by neighbouring countries from co-channel interference, specific antenna patterns applied to the countries using HAPS as base stations to provide IMT-2000 are provided.Co-channel power flux density(pfd) level on the Earth’s surface outside a country’s boundaries, out of band pfd level for protecting fixed stations and mobile earth stations(MES) are provided.

Methodology for co-channel interference evaluation to determine separation distance from a system using HAPS to a cellular system to provide IMT-2000 (M.1641)The interference to a cellular mobile station from cellular base stations and a HAPS base station is estimated in terms of the C/I with the parameters of the HAPS system such as the number of users, and transmission power. For each estimated case, the optimum values are determined for the above parameters in the HAPS IMT-2000 system in order to be compatible with the cellular system.

Frequency Bands for IMTFrequency Bands for IMT--2000 Service2000 Service

2020

Regulatory mattersResolution 221Resolution 221 is a regulatory provision for the use of S-bands by HAPS adapted in 2000. Based on the progress of technical and regulatory studies, the Resolution has been reviewed and appropriately modified through next two WRCs. Most of aforementioned operational conditions for HAPS were incorporated into the Resolution. In addition, the current version of the Resolution resolves that for facilitating consultations between countries, countries planning to implement a HAPS as an IMT base station should furnish to the concerned administrations the additional data elements listed inthe Annex to this Resolution, if so requested and notify the frequency assignment(s) by submitting all mandatory elements of RR Appendix 4 to ITU.

Frequency Bands for IMTFrequency Bands for IMT--2000 Service 2000 Service (cont(cont’’d)d)

2121

Technical mattersMethodology for interference evaluation that could be used for sharing studies between FS systems using HAPS and conventional fixed wireless systems in the frequency bands above 3 GHz. (F.1764)

Regulatory mattersResolution 734 was adopted at WRC-2000 for the feasibility of HAPS in the FS and MS in the frequency bands above 3 GHz. It was revised at WRC-03 to extend the time frame of the feasibility study. And then there was another revision made at WRC-07 to invite ITU-R to extend the sharing studies, with a view to identifying two channels of 80 MHz each for gateway links for HAPS in the range from 5,850 to 7,075 MHz, in bands already allocated to the fixed service, while ensuring the protection of existing services. This issue is being studied under WRC-11 agenda item 1.20.

OtherOther

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WRCWRC--11 Agenda Item 1.2011 Agenda Item 1.20

Gateway station

Gatewaystation

Gateway station

Gateway station

HAPS gateway links

HAPS user links

Terrestrial network A

PSTN/PLMN/

PSDN/WWW

PSTN/PLMN/

PSDN/WWW

Base StationController

CoreNetwork

PSTN/PLMN/PSDN/WWW

PSTN/PLMN/PSDN/WWWBase Station

Controller

CoreNetwork

Interface

Terrestrial network B

HAPS platform with

communications payload

HAPS network

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

5 850 – 5 925FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)MOBILE

5.150

5 850 – 5 925FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)MOBILE AmateurRadiolocation5.150

5 850 – 5 925FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)MOBILE Radiolocation

5.150

5 925 – 6 700 FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space) 5.457A 5.457BMOBILE 5.149 5.440 5.458

6 700 – 7 075 FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space) (Space-to Earth) 5.441MOBILE 5.458 5.458A 5.458B 5.458C

To consider the results of ITU-R studies and spectrum identification for gateway links for high altitude platform stations (HAPS) in the range 5 850-7 075 MHz in order to support operations in the fixed and mobile services, in accordance with Resolution 734 (Rev.WRC-07)

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ConclusionsConclusions

In this paper, we provide overall results obtained in the technical and regulatory studies conducted in ITU-R regarding HAPS. Several frequency bands are identified for the use of HAPS on a global, regional or national basis and for each frequency band, appropriate regulatory provisions are established based on the technical andoperational studies. Additional spectrum identification for HAPS gateway link is being discussed under WRC-11 agenda item 1.20.When HAPS is implemented in the various applications, current regulatory provisions should be complied with for proper protection of other systems in the same or adjacent bands. Any problems related to interference between systems using HAPS and other systems could be resolved in a harmonized manner in accordance with the regulatory procedures.In the future, when we establish additional regulatory provisions and procedures, we need to bear in mind that the balance between facilitating implementation of HAPS and ensuring protection of other existing systems should be considered properly.

Technical and Regulatory Studies on HAPS - Aristotle...

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