Tech Guide-PDF Ago2010

Staying One Step Ahead of DOCSIS 3.0 ImpairmentsCable operators delivering

DOCSIS 3.0 broadband Internet

access must stay one step

ahead of impairments, a critical

hurdle in maintaining high cus-

tomer satisfaction.

To keep impairments from inter-

fering with the next-generation

broadband platform, engineers

must test and monitor network

capabilities proactively, aggressive-

ly identifying and tackling weak

spots. Especially vulnerable is the

return, a key issue for operators as

Internet traffic becomes more of a

two-way experience.

In fact, as far back as 2007,

VeEx Inc. was offering MSOs a

"pre-DOCSIS-3.0-launch tool" that

allowed technicians to test and

qualify nodes for the transmission

of QAM 64. This was especially

important for business-grade ser-

vices in which enterprises expect-

ed SLAs to be honored.

"You need a more 'Internet

savvy' tool for this different class

of service," said Cyrille Morelle,

CEO at VeEx. "These 'tools' are

now included in all our meters."

And according to a widely cir-

culated white paper from Trilithic,

"Cable MSOs are rapidly deploy-

ing 'wideband' technology (mar-

keting speak for DOCSIS 3.0) to

eliminate a perceived differentiat-

ing advantage of high-speed data

throughput offered by competitors.

Additionally, it is hoped that these

very high speed data services will

generate high margin service rev-

enue and increase ARPU (Average

Revenue Per User)."

It continued, "These services

will be especially attractive to busi-

nesses and game enthusiasts.

Because the services are rolling

out with a relatively high price

tag, customers will very likely

expect high quality and reliability.

This means that the service pro-

vider must be able to verify signal

quality, and troubleshoot quickly

when problems arise. Many phys-

ical tests can be performed on

DOCSIS 3.0 signals with existing

DOCSIS 2.0 meters, especially

if the signals are configured in

a way that enables DOCSIS 2.0

modem provisioning, but hav-

ing an embedded DOCSIS 3.0

modem ensures that the tech will

be ready for testing on any type of

DOCSIS 3.0 signal."

As such, technicians and field

personnel must stay ahead of

impairments before they erupt

into outages.

The five issues most common-

ly associated with DOCSIS 3.0

impairments are ingress, common

path distortion, linear distortion,

laser clipping, and upstream gain

and equalization.

Ingress - The biggest impair-

ment impacting the DOCSIS 3.0

return path is ingress, which

may result from a loose con-

nector, a cracked cable, an open

housing, “do it yourself” home

wiring or another impairment.

Ingress is a fact of life on all

cable networks but operators

can manage the level of ingress

impacting their networks. This

includes conducting a regular anal-

ysis of the network and determin-

ing what crucial ingress problems

must be fixed.

The DOCSIS 3.0 return path is

the most susceptible to ingress.

Given the increased channel load-

ing on the upstream and the limited

bandwidth dedicated to the return

path, ingress will have a much larg-

er impact on the upstream. In fact,

ingress more than likely will inter-

rupt upstream services delivered

to all customers served through a

single node, while ingress impact-

ing the downstream may impact

only a few subscribers.

"The biggest challenge is mak-

ing sure the proper number of

channels are bonded: two, four,

six or eight," said Rob Flask, senior

product line manager at JDSU.

"And make sure you don't overlook

1.1 and 2.0 legacy carriers."

He added, "Bonding can actually

mask issues, so make sure all car-

riers are performing as expected."

Cable operators need tools

that allow them to detect ingress

issues early. Automated monitor-

ing or regularly scheduled manual

assessments are necessary to

isolate and to repair impairments

before they become critical. And

that gear needs to be backward-

compatible.

Detecting and measur-

ing ingress can be challenging,

because ingress and impulse noise

are bursty in nature. Maximizing

the measurement time and cover-

ing the frequency range of interest

is a balancing act to identify the

best analyzer settings for detect-

ing ingress. Empirical testing is

necessary to find the best settings

for your analyzer. A general rule is

that scanning a frequency more

often -- making more measure-

ments over a longer period of time

while using peak hold mode -- will

yield the best results

Common path distortion (CPD)

– Another impairment dra-

matically affecting the DOCSIS

3.0 return path is CPD. Best

described as upstream signals

mixing with downstream sig-

nals, this impairment can lead

to data loss and significantly

degrade data rates. Corroded

connections, faulty diplexers

and improper level settings can

cause CPD.

CPD often is difficult to assess,

but available test-and-measure-

ment tools allow cable operators

to identify potential CPD trouble

spots. Engineers sweep network

August 2010

INSIDETHIS ISSUEDOCSIS 3.0 Testing ..... page S1

Leakage Complaints ... page S3

New Products ............. page S5

New Products ............. page S7

CT'S

T&M/LEAKAGETECH GUIDE

S1

2

E

for in-depth troubleshooting

QAM, QPSK, COFDM Test

Level Test

Channel Scanning

Spectrum Scanning

Tilt/level Test

C/N & HUM

Depth of modulation

Auto Test

Limit Test

Voltage Measurement

Dual Sound Channel Test

Multiple Channel Plans

The cost-effective choice for HFC installation & fulfillment.

Find a distributor near you

www.FieldTechProducts.com

888.895.7604

CUSTOM INSTALLATIONSCABLE APPLICATIONS SATELLITE APPLICATIONS

With a complete complement of digital testing

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TRIPLE PLAY NETWORK ANALYZER

WWW.JDSU.COM

NORTH AMERICA 1 866 228-3762

LATIN AMERICA +1 954 688 5660

ASIA PACIFIC +852 2892 0990

EMEA +49 7121 86 2222

Troubleshoot digital services faster!

The market-leading DSAM is the first field meter that tests the bonded performanceof full 8x4 DOCSIS 3.0 carriers in one measurement. Add in the DSAM DQI one-buttonfeature proven to find intermittent digital problems that are missed by MER/BER andyou’re immediately reducing truck rolls.You’ll earn even more efficiency withenhanced RPM3000 cards with LivePacket™ Technology for the PathTrak Return PathMonitoring System. It demodulates live, in-service upstream packets to find problemsinside and underneath bursty DOCSIS carriers that traditional spectrum analyzersjust can’t see.

Make sure your technicians can get the job done right the first time, every time withthe industry’s most trusted, accurate, and reliable HFC test solutions available.

To learn what’s new and download a free application note on DOCSIS 3.0 readiness,visit www.jdsu.com/DOCSIS

New InnovativeDOCSIS® 3.0Testing

OTDRs | Field Meters | Systems & Software

>

CT_0110_rev2:Communications_Technology 2/2/2010 10:40AM Page1

infrastructure to locate faults that

may create CPD distortions or

they diagnose it through spec-

trum analysis.

Linear distortions – Much like

CPD, linear distortions are hard

to locate. These impairments

include micro-reflections, poor

frequency response and group

delay. Many older amplifiers,

for example, will exhibit group

delay – which is additive through

the cascade -- near the high end

of their ranges.

These distortions create

havoc for both the upstream

and the downstream. Engineers

can identify these issues by

analyzing network spectrum or

sweeping the network. Not only

do these efforts locate linear

distortion, they help engineers

discover impairments before

they become outages.

Laser clipping – Cable opera-

tors also monitor networks for

laser clipping, in which part of

a laser’s signal is eliminated

or “clipped.” Laser clipping

impacts the upstream and may

cause intermittent or consis-

tently low data throughput.

Again, a spectrum analyzer

and/or a monitoring system help

identify laser clipping. By moni-

toring the entire return spec-

trum, typically out to 200 MHz,

engineers can identify this typi-

cally hard-to-find impairment.

Gain and equalization –

Utilizing more upstream

spectrum bandwidth makes

upstream pad and equalizer

values more critical. Cable

operators must juggle trans-

mit levels between the cable

modem and the headend. High

transmit level can overcome

ingress, but too high creates

second- and third-order distor-

tions and CPD.

To address this, cable opera-

tors must monitor the network

to verify communications are

reliably getting through the

upstream. A sweep system

is the most effective method

to ensure that levels and fre-

quency response are optimized.

Small tweaks to levels alleviate

most of these issues. Because

upstream cable modem traf-

fic is multi-point sourced and

bursty in nature, it is difficult

to use the upstream signals to

align the network.

Jack Webb, product manager

at Sunrise Telecom, provided

the majority of the DOCSIS

3.0 testing information for this

article. Contact him at jwebb@

sunrisetelecom.com.

Signal Leakage And Consumer Complaints Here’s what the Federal

Communications Commission

says about cable signal leak-

age: “Cable television systems

use radio frequency (RF) signals

transmitted over cables to pro-

vide television and data services

to customers. Normally, these

RF signals do not cause interfer-

ence when cable systems com-

ply with Federal Communications

Commission (FCC) rules for lim-

iting interference. Occasionally,

however, cable television system

signals can ‘leak.’ Cable signal

leaks occur when the RF signals

transmitted within a cable system

are not properly contained within

the cable plant. Cable signal leaks

can be caused by loose connec-

tors, cracked or unterminated

cables, and damaged plant.”

That statement was made

two years ago. How much of a

problem is leakage today? There

are too many consumer blogs

on the Internet detailing signal-

leakage problems and poor cable

customer service to list, but has

technology managed to take care

of most potential problems?

According to the number of

consumer complaints lodged

with the FCC regarding cable TV,

there still appears to be too many

instances of “service-related

issues,” which include signal leak-

age.

In 3Q09 -- the last period for

which real complaint numbers

are available from the agency

-- there were 191 formal com-

plaints logged in July 2009, 213

in August and (coincidentally) 213

in September, for a total of 617.

However, in the fourth quarter of

calendar year 2008, there were

only 321 formal consumer com-

plaints regarding cable service.

Why did the number of com-

plaints nearly double nine months

later? What caused this spike?

BLAME DTV?There are differences of opinion

regarding this. One leakage-gear

manufacturer told CT that last

year’s digital transition could have

been the culprit, citing the need

for a “clean” signal for good digi-

tal reception – something that

wasn’t much of a worry in an ana-

log world. But Ron Hranac, CT’s

senior technology editor, doesn’t

agree with this assessment.

“The over-the-air transition to

digital TV had very little to do with

cable," he said. "Many cable sys-

tems have direct feeds between

local TV broadcast studios and

cable headends, which made the

digital transition a mostly non-

event.”

Hranac continued, “Another

major reason for additional com-

plaints after the transition had to

do with people who were living in

fringe TV-reception areas, where

analog-TV broadcast signals were

marginal to begin with. In many

of those locations, the new digital

signals couldn’t be received at all.

Even within the Grade B contour

areas where TV transmissions

should be strong, it’s difficult or

impossible for some existing

setups (rabbit ears, antennas in

attics, TVs in apartment buildings,

etc.) to reliably receive digital sig-

nals.”

He does agree that, in years

past, many cable operators didn’t

make serious attempts to comply

with FCC leakage rules. However,

as two-way operation and cable-

modem service (and telephony

over cable) became more preva-

lent, managing leakage and

ingress became a high priority.

“While there are always excep-

tions, I think you’ll find that today

most cable operators are doing

a much better job keeping their

plants tight from a leakage per-

spective. The latter reduces

ingress, which helps keep the

plant—especially the upstream—

more conducive to the carriage of

digital signals,” he told CT.

– Debra Baker

S3

4

WWW.JDSU.COM

NORTH AMERICA 1 866 228-3762

LATIN AMERICA +1 954 688 5660

ASIA PACIFIC +852 2892 0990

EMEA +49 7121 86 2222

Troubleshoot digital services faster!

The market-leading DSAM is the first field meter that tests the bonded performanceof full 8x4 DOCSIS 3.0 carriers in one measurement. Add in the DSAM DQI one-buttonfeature proven to find intermittent digital problems that are missed by MER/BER andyou’re immediately reducing truck rolls.You’ll earn even more efficiency withenhanced RPM3000 cards with LivePacket™ Technology for the PathTrak Return PathMonitoring System. It demodulates live, in-service upstream packets to find problemsinside and underneath bursty DOCSIS carriers that traditional spectrum analyzersjust can’t see.

Make sure your technicians can get the job done right the first time, every time withthe industry’s most trusted, accurate, and reliable HFC test solutions available.

To learn what’s new and download a free application note on DOCSIS 3.0 readiness,visit www.jdsu.com/DOCSIS

New InnovativeDOCSIS® 3.0Testing

OTDRs | Field Meters | Systems & Software

>

CT_0110_rev2:Communications_Technology 2/2/2010 10:40AM Page1

S5

Got DOCSIS 3.0 tools?

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Cable Leakage Technologies (www.wavetracker.com)

Product Name Product Type Features

Wavetracker Shotgun PNP

Leakage detection The passive Shotgun PNP, encased in an aluminum enclosure, can send information on the fly via Bluetooth to a smart device. Includes automated distance corrections, accurate plant coverage and correlation of data from an entire fleet with no operator interaction. Also incorporates CLI calculations, reports, work orders and management tools that tie into the APLAS 4i software. The Shotgun PNP works with Wavetracker systems or it works alone as an autonomous shotgun leakage system.

Harmonic (www.harmonic.com)


IRIS Video-quality reporting software

IRIS is a video Quality of Service software suite that provides video quality, global channel availability and source-profiling mea-surements for hundreds of programs, both in real time and historically, for as long as one year, allowing operators to analyze their sources and programming over time. Features include source profiling; statistical multiplex scoring, scalable to 500 channels per instance; on-demand report generation; critical event notification based on thresholds; DPI monitoring; and database import/export.

Juniper Networks Inc. (www.juniper.net)


IRIS Video-quality reporting software

IRIS is a video Quality of Service software suite that provides video quality, global channel availability and source-profiling mea-surements for hundreds of programs, both in real time and historically, for as long as one year. This allows operators to analyze their sources and programming over time. Features include statistical multiplex scoring, scalable to 500 channels per instance; on-demand report generation; critical event notification based on thresholds; DPI monitoring; and database import/export.

JDSU (www.jdsu.com)


HP2 Series Fiber Inspection & Test System

Fiber inspection Integrates many essential tools into a single system. Includes an integrated optical power meter and a patch-cord inspection microscope along with a 3.5-inch displace for inspecting fiber end faces and a built-in optical power meter. Supports “inspect before you connect” best practices.

DSAM DOCSIS 3.0 Meter

Handheld field metering

Provides 8 downstream and 4 upstream full DOCSIS 3.0 testing. Can be used for analog, digital and Ethernet testing.

MSQ-900 Handheld QAM Signal Level Meter

Handheld field metering

Created for techs involved in deploying analog and digital QAM services. Feature set includes digiCheck digital signal level, MER, BER, analog channel level, C/N, scan, tilt and auto test. Can handled 6-megahertz and 8-megahertz cable systems as well as Annex A, B or C QAM signals. Also includes AutoPlan, an automatic channel-plan builder with digital channel detection.

PathTrak RPM3000 Monitoring Card

Monitoring The RPM 3000 card for the PathTrak Return Monitoring System can certify, monitor and maintain DOCSIS 3.0 networks. It also can use the JDSU MACTrak technology to demodulate live DOCSIS upstreams. It reveals such linear and non-linear impairments as group delay, microreflections and laser clipping along with live troubleshooting of code word errors.

Megger (www.megger.com)


DET10C and DET20CClamp Testers

Earth/ground resis-tance testing

The DET10C and 20C clamp testers measure earth/ground resistance and current flow using clamp-on technology. The in-struments induce a test current into the system without disturbing existing connections. The handhelds also can be used to measure earth/ground resistance in multiple loop installations without disconnecting the earth or ground. The units feature configurable audible alarms, auto shutdown (also configurable), data storage and self-calibration on power-up; and they are supplied with a calibration loop. The DET20C also comes with a RS232 interface cable and is compatible with Megger Download Manager Software (included), allowing further analysis and storage of data.

Miranda Technologies (www.miranda.com)


iControl Edge Streamlined User Interface

Monitoring and analysis

The iControl Edge streamlined user interface gives an operator a highly graphical dashboard view of all services through the source selector. Multiple remote video signals can be reviewed simultaneously using streaming video along with audio metering and acoustic monitoring. All HD and SD channels from headends can be monitored at all times across multiple locations. For more effective monitoring, channels can be grouped together and displayed according to various criteria. Additional expanded monitoring capabilities include support for multiple display resolutions in signal or dual-screen layouts, and automatic recording and playback of faults when video or audio error is detected. The system records without interrupting cycling of channels.

Automatic Loudness Control

Measurement and correction

A choice of three Automatic Loudness Control solutions – based on Linear Acoustic AEROMAX processing, Junger Audio Level Magic processing or proprietary wideband audio processing – offers loudness measurement and correction for as many as 20 television channels in a single 3RU frame. The units provide real-time measurement and loudness adjustment on the fly and can prevent excessive channel-to-channel and segment-to-segment loudness, as sometimes happens during commercial breaks.

Pixelmetrix (www.pixelmetrix.com)


TSP120 Contribution/Headend Monitor-ing Tool

Transport stream monitoring

The TSP120 transport stream monitoring solution supports video services with H.264 High Profile 4:2:2. Using internal 3-input ASI router functionality, it offers verification of SLA commitments with premium HD transmissions. Features include freeze-frame and blackout checks for unencrypted video services, service thumbnail view for remote confidence monitoring, video back-hauling for quality verification and on-air service validation.

6

Got DOCSIS 3.0 tools?

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NEW

S7

Trilithic (www.trilithic.com)


TFS-FS1K500 Series Optical Leakage Detection Kits

Leakage detection and fiber identifi-cation

Each kit includes the TFS-FS1 Optical Leakage Detector with wideband IR filter (1280 nm - 1620 nm), the TFS-TSA Aerial Lens & Scope Kit, and the choice of either a light source or tracer source. The kit notifies the user of a leak visually and audibly, making leak detection in the field simple and fast. The unit is used for fiber identification, and it's also is suitable for both long-distance and local testing (including dead-zone areas or patch panel) and enclosure applications where exact pinpointing of a fault is critical.

8310 RSA Return Sweep Analyzer

System mainte-nance

Part of Trilithic’s SpeedSweep System, the 8310 features fast, high-resolution return sweep analysis, and identifies micro-reflec-tions and narrow suck-outs with sweep resolution of as much as 100 kHz. The system includes the 8300 FST, which generates a sweep stimulus for the downstream measurement; a 860 DSPi field analyzer with a sweep option FS-1, which receives the forward sweep and, with SR-1 option, transmits reverse sweep signals for upstream measurements; and the 8310 RSA, which receives the upstream sweep signal generated by the 860 and relays the measurement results back to the 860.

TPNA-1000 Triple Play Network Analyzer

Network analysis This unit can measure and display most indices of digital TV (Channel Power, MER, EVM, BER, Constellation Diagram), analog TV (Single-Frequency Level, Carrier Level of Full Channels Spectrum, HUM Modulation Depth) and spectrum analysis. In Level and Fast Spectrum Mode, the Peak-Hold Function can detect transient ingress. The analyzer also measures C/N, Trunk Voltage, Battery Voltage and Frequency Spectrum Scanning; and it comes with USB and LAN ports supporting remote operation and file transfer. It also includes an internal cable modem that supports CMTS Registration, CM Statistics, PING function, Bandwidth Testing and Web Browser.

TFS-1020 Fiber inspection This new device determines optical fiber length or fault locations in fiber-optic systems. Using optical time-domain reflectometer technology, the TFS-1020 can calculate and display nominal and interval event lengths automatically. Measurements from as far away as 30 kilometers can be made while reading as many as five fault events.

Triveni Digital (www.TriveniDigital.com)


StreamScope RM-40 2.0

Software Among the enhancements offered in the StreamScope RM-40 2.0 software release are the Live Services Monitor and thumbnail views that enable users to confirm that video is present. Further, newly added decoding of closed-captioning data — with rule-based alerts — simplifies operations and reduces the manual workload necessary to maintain required closed-captioning information.

StreamScope MT-40LCP Monitor


The MT-40LCP facilitates end-to-end MPEG-2/MPEG-4 transport stream monitoring and analysis for DTV signals carried by broadcast, cable, satellite, IPTV or mobile networks. It features two PCI card slots that enable broadcasters to select two input types best suited for their operations. The lower-cost MT-40LCP supports RF (8VSB/QAM), SMPTE 310, ASI, QPSK and file inputs. In addition, it supports Gigabit Ethernet for non-real-time PCR analyses. Key features include Simple Network Management Protocol support for alarming; remote monitoring with full-featured connectivity to remote users; electronic program guide display; Program and System Information Protocol and PSI cross-table consistency checking; SD or HD video thumbnails; closed captioning; IP route analysis; and IGMPv3 for IP multicast support.

Sunrise Telecom (www.sunrisetelecom.com)


AT2500Qv CATV/QAM/Video Spec-trum Analyzer

Spectrum analysis The Sunrise Telecom AT2500RQv is a lightweight 1.5 GHz spectrum analyzer that performs all FCC tests without service disruptions, using a gated signal. Other benefits include detecting RF signal impairments before they turn into customer complaints; integrating analog and digital measurement in one analyzer; isolating difficult-to-locate impairments using enhanced trace, detector and mark-er capabilities; and characterization of return paths for VoIP with 16 QAM. The device also characterizes return path for DOCSIS 3.0 advanced services with a 64 QAM upstream demodulator (requires CM2xxx with CM2-USG option). A new AT2500 WebRemote option allows a technician to characterize the return path via any Internet connection using a Web browser.

Enhanced version the of realWORX WEB System

Infrastructure measurement and diagnostics

The enhanced version of the realWORX WEB monitoring system for cable and broadband can be used on both DOCSIS 2.0 and DOCSIS 3.0 systems without additional capex. In part, it can isolate ingress issues and find downstream RF impairments.

VGI Solutions (www.cpat-solution.com)


DVR2 Portable Leak-age Detector

Leakage detection This “find and fix” leakage-detection meter can be used as part of a manual leakage detection/repair program or it can be used as part of the automated CPAT leakage-monitoring solution. Techs can select any frequency in 1 kHz tuning increments, and they can be stored as part of 10 favorite presets. Since May, a low-band version of this handheld has been added to the mix for operators wanting using a carrier just over the FM band. The specs are the same, in 1 kHz increments from 108 MHz to 135 MHz.

Volicon (www.volicon.com)


Interactive Services Module (ISM)


Using this new module with the Observer Remote Program Monitor , operators not only can test the quality of linear services, but also on-demand and interactive content and advertising. The ISM adds advanced decision-making logic, scripting and graphical pattern-matching that enables monitoring of network/station bugs, interactive media guides, direct commerce and voting/polling applications, words and graphics in interactive menus as well as detection and activation of telescoping advertising bugs.

DRV-02 Leakage detection

This digital receiver/demodulator is agile from 120 MHz to 155 MHZ in 1kHz increments (Hi-band version) and from 109 MHz to 110 MHZ in 1kHz increments (Lo-band version). Supports channel tagging detection, AM /FM (3 to 20 Hz tones) and 8 hours of continuous operation.

800-344-2412 www.trilithic.com

Be Ready For TomorrowContact Your Sales Representative Today!

YOU CAN’T FIX ITIF YOU CAN’T FIND IT

Imagine the ability to find and fix errors

in the return path without disabling service. Now imagine adding this functionality

to the meter you invested in five years ago!

Exclusively available from Trilithic

TraffiControl®

www.860dsp.com

TraffiControl®

As more services are offered the return path

becomes congested and more difficult and costly

to analyze and troubleshoot. Trilithic’s exclusive

TraffiControl® option sorts the service traffic

from the spectrum noise and ingress, enabling

you to find the problem.

Now that you can find in-channel noise and

ingress, you can fix it. Troubleshooting the

return path in a bonded channel environment

couldn’t be easier.

From DOCSIS 3.0 to TraffiControl®, Trilithic

continues to provide the most comprehensive

test and measurement applications and no other

meter gives you this range of capabilities or

lower lifetime costs.

Traffic TraceReturn ChannelAdjacent

Peak Noise

Live Noise

Tech Guide-PDF Ago2010

Documents

Transcript of Tech Guide-PDF Ago2010