Team Building Craig Hall & Bert Carron University of Western Ontario.
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Transcript of Team Building Craig Hall & Bert Carron University of Western Ontario.
Team BuildingTeam Building
Craig Hall & Bert CarronCraig Hall & Bert CarronUniversity of Western OntarioUniversity of Western Ontario
What Are the Main What Are the Main Characteristics of Effective Characteristics of Effective
Teams?Teams?
The team wins!!The team wins!! Its members (athletes, Its members (athletes,
coaches, support staff) coaches, support staff) enjoy/are satisfied with enjoy/are satisfied with their sport experience!!their sport experience!!
What Group Dynamics Variables What Group Dynamics Variables Have a Strong Relationship with Team Have a Strong Relationship with Team
Effectiveness?Effectiveness?
Team Goal SettingTeam Goal Setting Team CohesionTeam Cohesion- Increasing mutual respect
- Increasing role clarity and acceptance
- Preplanning for adversity
- Establishing acceptable standards for behavior
Team Goal-Setting Team Goal-Setting
Research to PracticeResearch to Practice
Team Goal-Setting Team Goal-Setting
Research to PracticeResearch to Practice
Team goals are more Team goals are more effective than individual effective than individual goals for team successgoals for team success
Team goals are more Team goals are more effective than individual effective than individual goals for team successgoals for team success
Research-based PrincipleResearch-based PrincipleResearch-based PrincipleResearch-based Principle Implementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation Strategy
Team goals should be Team goals should be established by or in established by or in consultation with all consultation with all athletes on the team athletes on the team (when possible)(when possible)
Coach support is Coach support is essential for team-goal essential for team-goal setting effectivenesssetting effectiveness
Coach support is Coach support is essential for team-goal essential for team-goal setting effectivenesssetting effectiveness
PrinciplePrinciplePrinciplePrinciple Implementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation Strategy
Evaluation, feedback, Evaluation, feedback, and re-evaluation are and re-evaluation are essential for team-goal essential for team-goal setting effectivenesssetting effectiveness
Evaluation, feedback, Evaluation, feedback, and re-evaluation are and re-evaluation are essential for team-goal essential for team-goal setting effectivenesssetting effectiveness
Subgroup DiscussionsSubgroup Discussions
In subgroups, discuss how you have or could implement each of these principles
Summarize the products of your subgroup discussion to share with the whole group
SummarySummarySummarySummary
• Team goal setting programTeam goal setting program
• Established by team membersEstablished by team members
• Comprising outcome for season and Comprising outcome for season and performance indices for upcoming game(s)performance indices for upcoming game(s)
•Involving specific, measurable TEAM indicesInvolving specific, measurable TEAM indices
• Supported & reinforced by the coachSupported & reinforced by the coach
• With regular feedback and evaluation With regular feedback and evaluation
• Team goal setting programTeam goal setting program
• Established by team membersEstablished by team members
• Comprising outcome for season and Comprising outcome for season and performance indices for upcoming game(s)performance indices for upcoming game(s)
•Involving specific, measurable TEAM indicesInvolving specific, measurable TEAM indices
• Supported & reinforced by the coachSupported & reinforced by the coach
• With regular feedback and evaluation With regular feedback and evaluation
Increasing Team Cohesion Increasing Team Cohesion
Research to PracticeResearch to Practice
Team Cohesion
A cohesive team is one in which team A cohesive team is one in which team members are drawn to a common goal and members are drawn to a common goal and are integrated around the pursuit of that are integrated around the pursuit of that goal and satisfying social interactions and goal and satisfying social interactions and communicationcommunication
Anecdotal PerspectivesAnecdotal Perspectives
We must all hang together, or assuredly we We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separatelyshall all hang separately
Ben Franklin, 1776Ben Franklin, 1776
Carron, Colman, Wheeler, & Stevens (2002)Carron, Colman, Wheeler, & Stevens (2002)
Meta analysis of 46 studies Meta analysis of 46 studies
9988 athletes & 1044 teams9988 athletes & 1044 teams
514 effect sizes (ES)514 effect sizes (ES)
Meta-Analytic SummaryMeta-Analytic Summary
Interpretation of Effect Sizes Interpretation of Effect Sizes
Cohen’s (Cohen’s (1969, 19921969, 1992) suggested the following) suggested the following
Effect Sizes around Effect Sizes around .20.20 == ““SmallSmall””
Effect Sizes around Effect Sizes around .50.50 == ““MediumMedium””
Effect Sizes around Effect Sizes around .80.80 == ““LargeLarge””
FactorFactor Effect SizeEffect Size
.577.577
.410.410
TaskTask
SocialSocial
.20 = small; .50 = medium; .80 = large.20 = small; .50 = medium; .80 = large
All Measures CombinedAll Measures Combined .499.499
Cohesion-Success RelationshipCohesion-Success Relationship
Group dynamics experts consider Group dynamics experts consider cohesioncohesion to to be “the be “the most importantmost important small group variable” small group variable”
Team Building for CohesionTeam Building for Cohesion
Cohesion develops Cohesion develops naturally as a result of naturally as a result of coaching and day-to-coaching and day-to-day interactionsday interactions
Team building protocols are beneficial for Team building protocols are beneficial for enhancing perceptions of team cohesion enhancing perceptions of team cohesion
Establishing Mutual RespectEstablishing Mutual Respect
1.1. On a blank sheet of paper list each group member On a blank sheet of paper list each group member other than yourself.other than yourself.
2.2. At the top of the sheet write the phrase At the top of the sheet write the phrase “I want “I want XXXX in my group because …..”XXXX in my group because …..”
3.3. Write a comment or comments about each person in Write a comment or comments about each person in the group. the group.
I want XXX in group because …I want XXX in group because …
NAMENAME REASON(S)REASON(S)
Bill SmithBill Smith
Brad JonesBrad Jones
Dan ToppingDan Topping
George ShortGeorge Short
etc.etc.
4. Forms are collated by facilitator, coach, or 4. Forms are collated by facilitator, coach, or trainer.trainer.
5. Comments about each person (athlete) are 5. Comments about each person (athlete) are transferred to a single summary form. This is transferred to a single summary form. This is repeated for each athlete. repeated for each athlete.
Establishing Mutual Respect (cont.)Establishing Mutual Respect (cont.)
I want Bill Smith on my team because …I want Bill Smith on my team because …
Huge heart, spirit and Huge heart, spirit and pridepride
One of the strongest guys One of the strongest guys I knowI know
Keeps our team Keeps our team honesthonest
He’s an He’s an inspirationinspiration
Example of FeedbackExample of Feedback
ConsiderationsConsiderations
• Every athlete has both input and feedbackEvery athlete has both input and feedback
• Positive statements onlyPositive statements only
• One time implementation One time implementation
• With more mature teams you could have a 3-part With more mature teams you could have a 3-part exercise:exercise:
-““Keep doing”Keep doing”
- “ “Start doing”Start doing”
- “ “Stop doing”Stop doing”
Enhancing Role Clarity and AcceptanceEnhancing Role Clarity and Acceptance
Role clarity is the degree to which a player Role clarity is the degree to which a player understands what behavior is expected. understands what behavior is expected.
Role acceptance is the degree to Role acceptance is the degree to which a player is satisfied with which a player is satisfied with his/her role responsibilities.his/her role responsibilities.
The roles on a team can be formal (e.g., The roles on a team can be formal (e.g., captain) or informal.captain) or informal.
Increasing role clarity Increasing role clarity will increase team will increase team cohesioncohesion
Increasing role clarity Increasing role clarity will increase team will increase team cohesioncohesion
Research-based PrincipleResearch-based PrincipleResearch-based PrincipleResearch-based Principle Implementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation Strategy
Increasing role Increasing role acceptance will increase acceptance will increase team cohesionteam cohesion
Subgroup DiscussionsSubgroup Discussions
In subgroups, discuss how you have or could implement each of these principles
Summarize the products of your subgroup discussion to share with the whole group
SummarySummarySummarySummary
• Each team member needs to know his/her roleEach team member needs to know his/her role
• Every team member needs to know every other Every team member needs to know every other team member’s roleteam member’s role
• Every team member needs to accept his or her Every team member needs to accept his or her rolerole
• Each team member needs to know his/her roleEach team member needs to know his/her role
• Every team member needs to know every other Every team member needs to know every other team member’s roleteam member’s role
• Every team member needs to accept his or her Every team member needs to accept his or her rolerole
Preplanning for AdversityPreplanning for Adversity
1.1. Prior to competition, collectively (i.e., in a group) Prior to competition, collectively (i.e., in a group) identify the things that could go wrongidentify the things that could go wrong
2.2. Uses as many categories as seems appropriateUses as many categories as seems appropriate
e.g., travel, competitione.g., travel, competition
Possible Screw-UpsPossible Screw-Ups
TravelTravel
Van breaks downVan breaks down
Someone arrives lateSomeone arrives late
CompetitionCompetition
Equipment troublesEquipment troubles
Get off to a poor startGet off to a poor start
3. Discuss how screw-ups should be handled 3. Discuss how screw-ups should be handled
Preplanning for Adversity (cont.)Preplanning for Adversity (cont.)
Possible Screw-Ups Possible StrategiesPossible Screw-Ups Possible Strategies
TravelTravel
Van breaks downVan breaks down
Someone arrives lateSomeone arrives late
CompetitionCompetition
Equipment troublesEquipment troubles
Get off to a poor startGet off to a poor start
TravelTravel
Rent another vanRent another van
Start earlyStart early
CompetitionCompetition
Borrow form another teamBorrow form another team
Don’t panicDon’t panic
1.1. Protocol serves to “nip it in the bud”Protocol serves to “nip it in the bud”
2.2. Emphasis throughout should be “we can handle Emphasis throughout should be “we can handle this”, “no surprise is overly negative”this”, “no surprise is overly negative”
ConsiderationsConsiderations
Establishing Acceptable Standards for Establishing Acceptable Standards for BehaviorBehavior
Norms are the standards of behavior that are Norms are the standards of behavior that are expected of group members.expected of group members.
Conformity to group norms is positively Conformity to group norms is positively related to team cohesion.related to team cohesion.
Members of our team Members of our team are ……..are ……..
Characteristics:Characteristics:
PunctualPunctual
SupportiveSupportive
Hard workingHard working
Behaviors:Behaviors:
-Arrive on time at practicesArrive on time at practices
-No bitching at teammatesNo bitching at teammates
- Give 100% in practiceGive 100% in practice
Members of our team Members of our team do …….do …….
Team norms should exist Team norms should exist for competitions, for competitions, practices, the off-season, practices, the off-season, and for social situationsand for social situations
Team norms should exist Team norms should exist for competitions, for competitions, practices, the off-season, practices, the off-season, and for social situationsand for social situations
Research-based PrincipleResearch-based PrincipleResearch-based PrincipleResearch-based Principle Implementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation StrategyImplementation Strategy
Unacceptable behavior Unacceptable behavior requires appropriate requires appropriate sanctioningsanctioning
Subgroup DiscussionsSubgroup Discussions
In subgroups, discuss how you have or could implement each of these principles
Summarize the products of your subgroup discussion to share with the whole group
SummarySummarySummarySummary
• Norms develop around matters of importance Norms develop around matters of importance to the team.to the team.
•The strongest team norms are associated with The strongest team norms are associated with work output; teams put pressure on their players work output; teams put pressure on their players to work hard.to work hard.
•Acceptable behavior is approved or rewarded Acceptable behavior is approved or rewarded while unacceptable behavior is sanctioned.while unacceptable behavior is sanctioned.
• Norms develop around matters of importance Norms develop around matters of importance to the team.to the team.
•The strongest team norms are associated with The strongest team norms are associated with work output; teams put pressure on their players work output; teams put pressure on their players to work hard.to work hard.
•Acceptable behavior is approved or rewarded Acceptable behavior is approved or rewarded while unacceptable behavior is sanctioned.while unacceptable behavior is sanctioned.
A Concluding ObservationA Concluding Observation
We need to work on team building to make teams more effective.
I’m glad to I’m glad to hear you’re hear you’re finally finally fitting in!!fitting in!!