Team 1 SRR Presentation - Purdue University€¦ · Team 1 SRR Presentation 02/04/10 Alex Mondal...

Team 1

SRR Presentation

02/04/10

Alex Mondal

Beth Grilliot

Brien Piersol

Heath Cheung

Jason Liu

Jeff Cohen

Jeremy Wightman

Kit Fransen

Lauren Hansen

Nick Walls

Ryan Foley

Tim Fechner

February 4, 2010 AAE 451 Spring 2010 1

Outline• Mission Statement

• Market and Customers

• Competitors

• Concept of Operations

• System Design Requirements

• Advanced Topics Under Consideration

• Cabin Layouts

• Sizing Estimates

• Summary and Next Steps


Mission Statement• To Design A Super-Mid Sized (12-20 passengers),

Environmentally Friendly Business Jet

– Range of 6,700 Nautical Miles (Still Air Range)

– Cruise Altitude above 40,000 Feet

– Cruise Speed between 0.84 and 0.9 Mach

• Environmentally Friendly

– Reduction of Noise

– Reduction of Emissions

– Increase in Recyclable Build Materials

– Increase in Fuel Efficiency

– NASA N+2


Market and Customers

Customer Needs & Benefits

Primary Customer & Mission

Market in 2009-2028


Customer Benefits• Product will offer enhanced flexibility and

productivity for those requiring long distance

travel

– Elastic flight schedules

– Wider destination choices

– Aircraft layout facilitates work related tasks

– More work accomplished during flight

– High cabin volume increases comfort

February 4, 2010 5AAE 451 Spring 2010

Customer Needs• Most Common Reasons for Aircraft Upgrade

– Replacing aging business aviation fleet

– Seeking larger capacity

• Majority of customer base expected to shift away

from North America

– Asia expected to lead in economic growth

– Under penetration in overseas markets



Source: Honeywell

Primary Customer• Large international corporations

• Fractional providers

• Individuals


Source: Bombardier

Market Analysis• Future Trends:

• Estimated Sales:

– 200 in first 5 years

– 50 per year after


Aircraft Delivery Summary 2009-2018 2019-2028 Total

Very Light Jets 2,616 3,525 6,140

Small Business Jets 3,490 4,696 8,187

Medium Business Jets 4,045 6,913 10,958

Large Business Jets 3,418 5,787 9,205

Business Jet Totals 13,568 20,921 34,490

Rolls Royce – Market Outlook 2009, pg. 3

Market Analysis• Competition:

– Businesses are flying commercial

– Electronic Communication (e.g. Webex)

• Environment:

– People are looking toward an environmentally friendly

aircraft

– Will push business owners to buy new aircraft


Competition


Competition• Other private jet options, commercial airlines,

and fractional ownership

• Must match cost, range, passenger payload, and

amenities of competition to sell the expected

number of airframes

• Will gain market share by offering a long range,

environmentally friendly, and having destination

flexibility


Competition (Cont.)

• Inserting into

middle of

trend because

this is where

the market will

succeed in the

future

• Cost depends on many factors and will be determined

more specifically through later analysis


Competition (Cont.)• Number of passengers depends on layout chosen by the

customer

• Provide the opportunity to carry one more passenger for

the same range


Concept of Operations

Representative City-Pairs

Destination Flexibility


Representative City-Pairs• Trans-Atlantic Travel and Trans-Pacific Travel

• Still-Air Range = 6700 nmi

• Headwind Range = 6430 nmi

Departure City: Los Angeles, California

Arrival City: Code: Still-air Range (nmi):

Beijing, China PEK 5449

Hong Kong HKG 6332

Tokyo, Japan NRT 4783

Wewak, Papua, New Guinea WWK 5949

Florence, Italy FLR 5415

Paris, France CDG 4940

Barcelona, Spain BCN 5150

Zurich, Switzerland ZRH 5175


Representative City-Pairs (Cont.)• Asian-European Travel

– Tokyo, Japan to Paris, France = 5,270 nmi

– Tokyo, Japan to London, England = 5,205 nmi

– Tokyo, Japan to Barcelona, Spain = 5,670 nmi

• Asian Continental Travel

– Shenyang, China to Dubai, UAE = 3,475 nmi

– Shenyang, China to Sydney, Australia = 4,830 nmi

– Shenyang, China to Delhi, India = 2,390 nmi


Destination Flexibility• Takeoff distance target is 4700 feet

• Able to land at secondary airports


City: Code: Max Runway Length (ft):

Daytona Beach, FL DAB 5000

Santa Ana, CA SNA 5701

Fort Lauderdale, FL FXE 6000

Dekalb Peachtree, GA PDK 6000

Cincinnati, OH LUK 6100

City: Code: Max Runway Length (ft):

Bourges, France BOU 5000

Florence, Italy FLR 5425

San Sebastian, Spain EAS 5700

Copenhagen, Denmark RKE 5700

Lubeck, Germany LBC 5900

Concept of Operations

Design Mission & Sketch

Operating Mission


Design Mission• 12-20 Passengers, Plus Crew (4)

• Cruise Altitude above 40,000 Feet

• Cruise Speed at 0.85 Mach

• Range of 6,700 Nautical Miles

• Take Off Field Length: 4,700 - 5,200 Feet

• Landing Distance: 2,500 - 3,000 Feet


Mission Sketch

0-1: Taxi

1-2: Take-off

2-3: Climb

3-4: Cruise

4-5: Descent

5-6: Loiter

6-7: Approach

7-8: Land-------------------------------------------------------------------

6-7’: Missed Approach

7’-9: Secondary Climb

9-10: Divert

10-11: Descent

11-12: Loiter

12-13:Approach

13-14: Land at Secondary Airport


Typical Operating Mission• 6-8 Passengers, Plus Crew (3)

• Range of 2,500 Nautical Miles

– Shenyang, China to Delhi, India: 2,390 nmi

– Shenyang, China to Bangkok, Thailand: 2,075 nmi

– New York to Los Angeles: 2,139 nmi


System Design Requirements

House of Quality

Benchmarking

Compliance Matrix


Benchmarking


Ratings:

1. Does not meet requirement at all

2. Meets the requirement slightly

3. Meets the requirement somewhat

4. Meets the requirement mostly

5. Fulfills requirement completely

Compliance Matrix

* Value estimated from historical data


Current Target Threshold

Interior Decibel Level [dB] 70* 40 50

Cumulative Certification Noise Level [dB] 230* 130 150

Take off Distance <# [ft] 5000 4700 5500

Empty Weight [lb] 52100 45000 55000

Fuel Weight [lb] 34400 25000 45000

Cruise Speed [Mach] 0.85 0.9 0.84

Cabin Volume [ft3] 2000 2200 2000

Cabin Height [in] 70 77 72

Payload [lb] 2800 7000 6000

Sill Height [ft] 5* 5 6

APU Capacity [kVA] 110* 140 110

Range [nmi] 6700* 6700 4500

Life [yr] 20* 30 20

Recyclable Material % 25* 65 25

Advanced Topics Under

Consideration

Propfan Engine

Blended Wing Body

Alternate Wing Geometry


Pros:

• Better Subsonic Fuel Economy

• Lighter than Turbofan

• Can be designed quieter

• Fans have no gearbox or additional

mechanisms

Cons:

• No current production models

• Possible aesthetics issues

• Only operates up to ~.90 Mach efficiently


Pros

• Lower drag

• Quieter

• Large interior volume

Cons

• Little existing R&D

• Pressurization concerns

• Possible stability issues


Winglets Alternate Wing Geometries


Cabin Layouts

Conventional

Blended Wing


Conventional Plane


Blended Wing Plane


Sizing Estimates

Constraint Diagram

SFC & L/D

Preliminary Results


Sizing• MATLAB function using first order design method

algorithm from Aircraft Design: A Conceptual

Approach

• We/W0 weight fraction estimate from historical data

• Regression analysis incorporates gross take off

weight, aspect ratio, thrust/weight, and maximum

Mach:

• We/W0 ≈ b×W0c1×ARc2×Tsl/W0

c3×Mmaxc4

• Wf/W0 fraction was determined using estimates of

fuel consumption and the Breguet range equation.

AAE 451 Spring 2010February 4, 2010 38

SFC Estimate• Specific Fuel Consumption Estimate:

AAE 451 Spring 2010

Source: Ballal and Zelina

SFC Cruise ≈ 0.35 lb/hr SFC Loiter ≈ 0.4 lb/hr

February 4, 2010 39

L/D Estimate• From The Fundamentals of Aircraft Design:

L/D = 1.4×AR + 7.1

• Cessna Skyhawk has a L/D = 11.5 at cruise

• Boeing 747 has a L/D = 18 at cruise

• Gulfstream G550 loaded to 60,000 lb

– @ M 0.7, L/D = 18.68

– @ M 0.854, L/D = 14.7

• Preliminary estimate L/D = 17.6 for aircraft

design

AAE 451 Spring 2010February 4, 2010 40

Preliminary ResultsParameter Value

Gross Take Off Weight 90,300 lb

Empty Weight 52,100 lb

Fuel Weight 34,400 lb

Empty Weight Fraction 0.57

Fuel Weight Fraction 0.38

• Technology factors to be considered:– Alternate Wing Geometry

– Propfan Engine

– Composites

– Alternative Fuels


Summary and Next Steps


Next Steps• Final Sizing

• Trade Studies

• Code Refinement

• Preliminary Design


Team 1

SRR Presentation

02/04/10

Alex Mondal

Beth Grilliot

Brien Piersol

Heath Cheung

Jason Liu

Jeff Cohen

Jeremy Wightman

Kit Fransen

Lauren Hansen

Nick Walls

Ryan Foley

Tim Fechner


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