Teaching VocabularyJulien Arief WicaksonoAhmad Faiz

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RATIONALE

• Vocabulary is a bridge to learn other language skills and components.

• The core of a language is its vocabulary (Zimmerman in Amer, 2002 and Coady & Huckin, 1997:5).

• Vocabulary mastery can affect the mastery of a language (Tarigan, 1989:2).

• Thus, mastering vocabulary is required to master a language.

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RATIONALE

• In order to master a language, students must learn its vocabulary.

• the more vocabulary students know, the better understanding they will have (Bob, 2010).

• Most common hurdle for students in learning vocabulary is memorizing the meaning (Batia, 1988:6).

• Hence, students are reluctant to learn new vocabulary. • This hurdle can lead to restrict students vocabulary mastery.• As a result, students can only communicate with the target

language in limited vocabulary.

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RATIONALE

• To puzzle out this, teachers need to find an interesting technique for teaching vocabulary.

• Students need to be motivated to learn vocabulary (Sasson, 2007).

• Using games in classrooms can motivate students to take part in teaching & learning activities (Sasson, 2007 and Ludwig & Swan, 2007:xi).

• Games can be a medium in using a language (Shemesh and Waller, 2000).

• Various games can be applied in teaching vocabulary, “Bingo” is one of recommended games (Sasson, 2007).

• Bingo is a good example game to teach vocabulary since a lot of people know how to play and almost every skill can be put into this game (Peterson, 2006).

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VOCABULARY

• Vocabulary is a kind of words that students must know to comprehend the text (Lehr et al, 2001).

• Thus, if they do not have enough vocabulary, their understanding of the text will not maximize.

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CLASSIFICATION OF VOCABULARY

Adapted from William, C. B., 1970

Vocabulary

Large Vocabulary

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Adverbs

Small Vocabulary

Pronouns

Articles

Auxiliary Verbs

Conjunctions

Interjections

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AMERICAN ENGLISH & BRITISH ENGLISH VOCABULARY

• English has many varieties.• The most common varieties used in Indonesia are

American English (AmE) and British English (BrE).• There are few differences of grammar and spelling,

and rather more differences of vocabulary and idiom (Swan, 2007:50).

• However, somehow these two varieties sometimes caused problems to Indonesian students.

• For instance, students usually understand the word “taxi” but they don’t know the word “cab” and so on.

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AMERICAN ENGLISH & BRITISH ENGLISH VOCABULARY

• There are many differences in vocabulary between AmE and BrE.

• Sometimes the same word has different meaning (AmE mad = ‘angry’; BrE mad = crazy).

• Sometimes different words are used for the same idea (AmE truck = BrE lorry).

• The following is a few examples of the words in American English and its equivalents in British English adopted from Practical English Usage by Michael Swan.

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For a larger list with more complete information, see The British/American Dictionary by Norman Moss, published by Hutchinson.

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TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY• Gairns and Redman (1986: 73-76) suggest three techniques

that can be used in teaching vocabulary:1. Visual Techniquesa) Visualsb) Mime and Gesture2. Verbal Techniquesa) Use of illustrative situation (oral or written)b) Use of synonymy and definitionc) Contrast and Oppositesd) Scalese) Examples of the type3. Translation

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STAGES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY • Generally there are three stages in

teaching vocabulary (Nation and Newton, in Coady and Huckin, 1997:240; Gairns and Redman, and 1998:73; Woodward, 1997:96).

1. Presentation2. Practice3. Revision

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KINDS OF GAME TO TEACH VOCABULARY Koprowski (2006) has suggested that there are

ten good games to teach students vocabulary. They are:

1. Taboo2. Memory Challenge3. Last One Standing4. Pictionary5. Bingo6. Outburst7. Concentration8. Scrambled Letters9. Q & A10.Categories

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BINGO

• Bingo is a variation of an Italian lottery game by the name of Lo Giuoco Del Lotto d'Italia.

• Bingo can be used as a wonderful game for playing and teaching (Squidoo, 2010:1).

• Bingo is a good and competitive game that can be used to concentrate students’ attention (Agoestyowati, 2010:7).

• Moreover, Word Bingo is a fun way to teach spelling and vocabulary (Smith, 2010:1).

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THE PROCEDURE TO PLAY BINGO IN TEACHING VOCABULARY• This procedure is adapted from Uchida (2003:1), Wright et.al

(1996:114), Amazon (2010:1), and Jones (2001:1). They were formulated as follows:

1. The teacher gives Bingo card to each group. (Uchida)2. The teacher demonstrates the procedure of playing Bingo Game.

(Uchida)3. The groups have a few minutes to look through and observe the Bingo

board. (Jones)4. The groups write the words provided by the teacher on the Bingo card.

(Amazon)5. One group says a word in its bingo loudly and clearly two times.

(Uchida)6. The other group should cross the word was called. (Wright)7. The group who has crossed five words vertically, horizontally or

diagonally shouted Bingo. (Wright)8. Then the teacher asked that group to read aloud his/her five words. If

his or her answer is correct, he becomes the winner. (Uchida)