Teaching of Switch-Mode Power Electronics Using A Building ...
Transcript of Teaching of Switch-Mode Power Electronics Using A Building ...
Ned Mohan, 2001
Teaching of Switch-Mode Power Electronics Using A Building-Block Approach, Assisted by
PSpice™ Modeling
Department of ECEUniversity of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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Ned MohanEmail: [email protected]
William P. RobbinsEmail: [email protected]
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Ned Mohan, 2001
References
1a
1. NSF-Sponsored Faculty Workshop on Teaching of Power Electronics and Electric Drives, University of Minnesota, to be held in Tempe, Arizona January 3-6, 2002. For details, contact [email protected].
2. NSF-Sponsored Faculty Workshops on Teaching of Power Electronics and Electric Drives, held at the University of Minnesota, 1991, 1994, 1997 and 1998.
Ned Mohan, 2001
Power Processing Unit (PPU)o Efficient conversion of power from line frequency AC to
appropriate form required by the load
o Rectifier: Line frequency AC to DCo Switch-Mode Converter: DC to form required by the Load
Rectifier switch - modeconverter
Load
controller
utility
−+
dV
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Ned Mohan, 2001
• For Practicing Engineers
- Review material very quickly
- Learn new topics in a very short time
• For a First Course in Power Electronics
- Consistent Systematic Analysis of all converter topologies
- Clearly shows Switch-Mode Synthesis using PWM
- Extremely Simple Average Model Speeds up Simulations of Large Disturbances by a factor of 100 or more
- Same Average Model Allows Small-Signal Response (Bode Plots) to be obtained using PSpice™ in CCM and DCM Modes for Feedback Controller Designs
- Allows practical topics to be covered in a single-semester course
Benefits of Building-Block Approach
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Ned Mohan, 2001
References
3a
4. N. Mohan, Tutorials on A Building-Block Approach to Switch-Mode Power Electronics at IEEE-APEC, IEEE-PESC and PCIM conferences.
5. N. Mohan, Learn a True Building-Block Approach to Power Electronics and Using this Unifying Analysis (Assisted by PSpice™ Modeling) to Design Feedback Controllers in Switch-Mode dc Power Supplies, Power-Factor-Correction Circuits and Motor Drives, 4-1/2 hour video course, http://www.mnpere.com.
Ned Mohan, 2001
Buck+
-
+
--
Boost
inV
Li
oV
qA
+
-
-
+
inV
oV
Li
qA
+
-
+
-
oV
inV
Li
qA
oi
Buck/Boost
Single-Quadrant Converters for Switch-Mode DC Power Supplies
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Click here for Transformer-Isolated Topologies
Ned Mohan, 2001
N3
vA
-
+
iL
N1 N2
q(t)
iin
Vo
+
-Vin
inV
T1 T
3
T2T
4
D1
D2
iL+
-
VO
+
-
v1
N 1
N 2
N 2
Vo
io
Vin
iin
q(t)
+
-
+
-
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Single-Quadrant Transformer-Isolated DC-DC Topologies
Flyback Forward
Full-Bridge
Ned Mohan, 2001
Four-Quadrant Converters for dc- and ac-motor drives
A
B
A
B
C
MMVd
+
−Vd
+
−
ia ia
For DC Drives For AC Drives
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Ned Mohan, 2001
6. N. Mohan, Electric Drives: An Integrative Approach, year 2001 edition, http://www.mnpere.com. A review of this book appears in the IEEE Industrial Electronics Newsletter, Vol. 47, No. 3, September 2000, http://sant.bradley.edu/ienews/00_3/edrives.html.
Reference
5a
Ned Mohan, 2001
Implementation of a Bi-Positional Switch
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Boost
triv
,c Av qAq+
( )Aq t
Ai negative=
Buck
dV
−
+
rampvrampv
,c Av
Aq−q
Ai
Buck Boost
dV
−
+
q
triv
,c AvA
q−Aq+
( )Aq t
Ai
Buck Boost
dV
−
+
0
switching power loss for a very short time
CEVonV
Ci
ON
OFF
approx switching trajectory
Ned Mohan, 2001
o Pole as a Building Block: Synthesis by PWM
PWM-IC
( )triv t, ( )control Av t
+
−
( )ANv t
( )Ai t
currentport
voltageport
dV
+
−
dAi
( )A
q t 0 or 1=( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )A
A
AN d
AdA
t t
t t t
v q Vi q i
= ⋅= ⋅
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Ned Mohan, 2001
TimeV(PWR_SWITCH1:out) 140
SEL>>
V(PWM_TRI1.Vtri:+) V(V2:+) 0.0
Time-I(V1) 7.35
SEL>>
I(L1) 10.5
dA A Ai d i=
Ai
AN A dv d V=
sT
,control Av
A sd T
dV
0
0
0
0
Ai
triv
,1 12 2 ˆ
control AA
tri
vd
V= +
Syn
thes
is b
y P
WM
( ) ( ) ( )A AdAi t d t i t= ⋅( ) ( ) dAN Av Vt d t= ⋅
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dAi
Ned Mohan, 2001
+
−
dV
+
−
( )Ad t
tri
12V
)
( )dAi t
( )ANv t
1
+
/1 2
, ( )control Av t
( )Ai t
Σ+
Average Representation of a Pole as An Ideal Transformer
PWM-IC
pole-A
( )triv t
A
N
+
−
( )ANv t
( ) or1
Aq t 0==
( )Ai t
currentport
voltageport
dV
+
−
( )dAi t
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )AN A d
dA A A
v t d t V
i t d t i t
= ⋅
= ⋅
, ( )control Av t
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )AN A d
dA A A
v t q t V
i t q t i t
= ⋅
= ⋅
,1 12 2 ˆ
control AA
tri
vd
V= +
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Ned Mohan, 2001
Buck/Boost
-
+
-
+
+-
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
Buck
+
-
+
--
inV
Li
oV
qA
Boost
+
-
-
+
inV
oV
Li
qA
Average Representation of 1-Quadrant Converters
inV inV
inV
oV oVoV
controlv controlv controlv
ˆ1/ rVˆ1/ rV
ˆ1/ rV
1 1 1
( )d t ( )d t1 ( )d t−
1
( )ˆ
control
r
vd t
V=
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-
+
-
+
io
inVoV
Li
t
rVcontrolv
rv
sdT0
1Aq q= −
Ned Mohan, 2001
dV
+
−Ci
Bi
Ai
IC
PWM
A
B
C
n
, ( )c Av t
, ( )c Bv t
, ( )c Cv t
( )Aq t
( )Bq t
( )Cq t
triv
1f
cV
Application of Building Block – Three Phase Inverter
/1 2
( )Cd t
t r i
1
2V
( )Ai t
( )Bi t
( )Ci t
AB
Cn
( )Av t
Σ
( )Bv t ( )Cv t
( )dAi t ( )d Bi t ( )d Ci t
( )Bd t( )Ad t1
, ( )c Cv t
, ( )c Bv t
, ( )c Av t
dV
( )Ce t
( )Be t
( )Ae t
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
ˆt r i
12 V
ˆt r i
12 V
+
+
Σ+
+
Σ+
+
1 1
N
Switching Converter Average representation
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T i m e
0 s 4 m s 8 m s 1 2 m s 1 6 m s 2 0 m sV ( V 1 3 : + ) V ( V C _ B ) V ( V C _ C ) V ( P W M _ T R I 1 . V t r i : + ) 0 . 0
- 1 . 0
0
1 . 0
0
1−
1tr iv ,c o n t r o l Av ,c o n t r o l Bv ,c o n t r o l Cv
Time
0s 4ms 8ms 12ms 16ms 20msV(TWO_PORT1:Ncp) V(TWO_PORT2:Ncp) V(TWO_PORT3:Ncp) 0.5
0
0.5
1.0
0
0 . 5
1Ad Bd Cd
Ned Mohan, 2001
Discontinuous-Conduction Mode in DC-DC Converters
0dTs TsÄ1Ts Ä2Ts
L,DCMiL,criti
L,CCMi
0Ä1Ts Ä2Ts
Av
Li
+
-
q(t)
+
-
+
-
inV
oVAv
Li
,ACCMv,ADCMv
controlvˆ1/ rV
( )ˆ
control
r
vd t
V=
kv
kicpv 2Lv
+++
− − −
vpv
cpi
1N 2N
vpi
and are both zero in CCM.kv ik
1 2: 1: Buck, Buck/Boost
1:(1 ) Boost
N N dd
== −
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Ned Mohan, 2001
0
R3
8.0
R28.0
0
R1
10m
V2
0.75V
V18.5V
U1
TCLOSE = 1.5ms
12
Nvp=1
TWO_PORT1
VP1 CP1
com
mo
n
Ncp
L1
10uHIC =
C1100uF
IC =
Simulation of Large Disturbances Using the Average Model
4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
x 1 0-3
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
T ime (secs )
In
du
cto
r C
urre
nt (A
) Inductor current
swi tch ing waveform
Cycle-by-cyc le
average of the
switching waveform
Inductor current obta ined
f r o m a v e r a g e m o d e l
Fig. 6b. Inductor current profile for a load change
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Ned Mohan, 2001
References13a
5. N. Mohan, Learn a True Building-Block Approach to Power Electronics and Using this Unifying Analysis (Assisted by PSpice™ Modeling) to Design Feedback Controllers in Switch-Mode dc Power Supplies, Power-Factor-Correction Circuits and Motor Drives, 4-1/2 hour video course, http://www.mnpere.com.
7. G. Nirgude, R. Tirumala and N. Mohan, “A New, Large-Signal Average Model for Single-Switch DC-DC Converters operating in both CCM and DCM,” IEEE-PESC, Vancouver, Canada, June 2001.
8. N. Mohan, Power Electronics Modeling Simplified using PSpice™ (Release 9), http://www.mnpere.com.
Ned Mohan, 2001
Frequency Response for Feedback Controller Design
0
IF(( ( (V(K,0)*(-I(Eout)))/(V(VP1,VL2)*V(Ncp,0)) )<1 ) , ((1-((V(K,0)*(-I(Eout)))/(V(VP1,VL2)*V(Ncp,0))))*V(VL2,common)) , 0 )
0
CP1
-+
+-
Eout
GAIN = 1
common
VP1
V(Ncp,0) * V(VP1, common)
-V(Ncp,0)*I(Eout)
For Buck and Buck-Boost
- ++-
E1
E
IF(( ( (V(K,0)*(-I(Eout)))/(V(VP1,VL2)*V(Ncp,0)) )<1 ) , ( ( V(Ncp,0)*V(Ncp,0)*V(VP1,VL2)/V(K,0)) - (V(Ncp,0)*(-I(Eout))) ) , 0 )
VL2 KNcp
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Ned Mohan, 2001
Frequency
10Hz 100Hz 1.0KHz 10KHz 100KHz 1.0MHzP(V(VOUT_AVG))
-400d
-200d
0d
SEL>>
DB(V(VOUT_AVG))-100
0
100
Frequency Response for Feedback Controller Design – cont.
CCM response
DCM response
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Ned Mohan, 2001
Power-Factor-Correction (PFC) Circuito Use a boost dc-dc converter to shape the rectified current
is+
−vs
iL
+
−
Voload
vsvs
iL io
C = ∞
+
−
Vo1
Average model
1 d(t)−
V
v d t
d tV t
V
o
s
s
o
=−
∴ ( ) = −
1
1
1
( )
$ sin ωa f
vs
d(t) 1
0
oL Vi(s) =
sLd
%%
s so L L
o o
ˆ ˆV V1 1ˆ ˆi (t) = I I cos(2 t)2 V 2 V
ω−
o~ s
oL~
ˆi V1(s) =
ˆ 2 VI
Inner Current Loop:
Outer Voltage Loop:
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Ned Mohan, 2001
1. Consistent Systematic Analysis of switch-mode topologies
2. Clearly shows Switch-Mode Synthesis using PWM
3. Extremely Simple Average Model Speeds up Simulations of Large Disturbances by a factor of 100 or more
4. Same Average Model Allows Small-Signal Response (Bode Plots) to be obtained using PSpice™ in CCM and DCM Modes for Feedback Controller Designs
5. Allows practical topics to be covered in a single-semester course
Ideal For:
• Practicing Engineers
• For a First Course in Power Electronics
SUMMARY
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Ned Mohan, 2001
References
18
1. NSF-Sponsored Faculty Workshop on Teaching of Power Electronics and Electric Drives, University of Minnesota, to be held in Tempe, Arizona January 3-6, 2002. For details, contact [email protected].
2. NSF-Sponsored Faculty Workshops on Teaching of Power Electronics and Electric Drives, held at the University of Minnesota, 1991, 1994, 1997 and 1998.
3. Mohan, Undeland and Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, 2nd Edition 1995, http://www.wiley.com.
4. N. Mohan, Tutorials on A Building-Block Approach to Switch-Mode Power Electronics at IEEE-APEC, IEEE-PESC and PCIM conferences.
Continued……
Ned Mohan, 2001
5. N. Mohan, Learn a True Building-Block Approach to Power Electronics and Using this Unifying Analysis (Assisted by PSpice™ Modeling) to Design Feedback Controllers in Switch-Mode dc Power Supplies, Power-Factor-Correction Circuits and Motor Drives, 4-1/2 hour video course, http://www.mnpere.com.
6. N. Mohan, Electric Drives: An Integrative Approach, year 2001 edition, http://www.mnpere.com. A review of this book appears in the IEEE Industrial Electronics Newsletter, Vol. 47, No. 3, September 2000, http://sant.bradley.edu/ienews/00_3/edrives.html.
7. G. Nirgude, R. Tirumala and N. Mohan, “A New, Large-Signal Average Model for Single-Switch DC-DC Converters operating in both CCM and DCM,” IEEE-PESC, Vancouver, Canada, June 2001.
8. N. Mohan, Power Electronics Modeling Simplified using PSpice™ (Release 9), http://www.mnpere.com.
References (contd.)19