teaching english

Lesson length: 60 minsAim: 1. to review the meaning and use of adverbials of time (still, yet, no longer, afterwards, just, already, etc.) when talking about indefinite time

2. to review the meaning and use of the prepositions in, on and at when talking about definite times (e.g. in 1967, at nine o’clock, on Wednesday morning).

Preparation:

n You will need a copy of the following for each student: Activity worksheet: Expressing time (from Oxford Learner’s Grammar Builder pages162 and 179)

n You will need a copy of the following for each three (or two) students: Activity worksheet: Time board game

GRAMMAR REVIEW 1: Adverbials of time (1)

n Copy this onto the board:

Put the students into pairs or small groups for 30 seconds to discuss which of the three sentences they say most often. Get brief feedback by asking for a show of hands for each sentence.

n Now write these adverbs on the board:

yet still soon already

In their pairs, ask the students to discuss where they think the adverbs should go in the sentences, then check the answers with the whole class:

n Ask the class What kind of adverbs are these? (time) Do they refer to definite or indefinite time? (indefinite time) Point out that these kind of adverbs don’t give information about an exact time; instead they express a more personal or subjective view of time. In the sentences without adverbs the tenses carry the meaning sufficiently, but when the adverbs are added the time is emphasized.

n Get the students to repeat the sentences after you for pronunciation.

Expressing timeOxford Learner’s Grammar is a resource pack of reference and practice material for intermediate and advanced learners. This lesson consolidates your students’ knowledge of adverbials and prepositions of time.

Lesson LinkGrammar to go!

PhoTocoPiable© Oxford University Press 2010 page 1

Which student are you? Student 1: i’ve finished my homework! Student 2: i’m doing my homework. it’s taking me ages!Student 3: i haven’t started my homework, but i will do it.

Which student are you? Student 1: i’ve already finished my homework! Student 2: i’m still doing my homework. it’s taking me ages!Student 3: i haven’t started my homework yet, but i will do it soon.

Grammar to go! Lesson Link


n Highlight the mid position of already and still in the example sentences, then highlight the end position of yet. Point out that although soon often appears in end position, it can also be placed in mid position for emphasis (e.g. The winter will soon be over.)

1. REVIEW ACTIVITY

n Hand out Activity worksheet: Expressing time. Give the students a few minutes to complete exercise 1 by putting the appropriate adverbial in the mid position of the second half of each sentence. Let the students compare their answers in pairs, then go through the correct answers with the whole class.

(answers: 1 I’ll soon be on holiday. 2 I’ve just been looking at them. 3 I’ve finally made up my mind. 4 She now spends all her time on the golf course. 5 I immediately rang the fire brigade.)

GRAMMAR REVIEW 2: Adverbials of time (2)

n Direct the students to exercise 2 on the worksheet. Nominate two students to read the example

1 how does Richard feel? 2 is adam sympathetic?

(answers: 1 unhappy/angry 2 No)

n Write this sentence on the board:

Dr Smith still works here.

Ask What’s the opposite? Write these three possible answers on the board:

Dr Smith doesn’t work here any more. Dr Smith doesn’t work here any longer. Dr Smith no longer works here.

2. REVIEW ACTIVITY

n Give the students a few minutes to read and complete the three conversations in exercise 2. Let the students compare their answers in pairs, then go through the correct answers with the whole class.

(answers: 1 yet, yet, long, already 2 no longer, already, after 3 any longer, still, still, afterwards, far)

n Put the students in pairs again for a couple of minutes to read the conversations aloud together.

GRAMMAR REVIEW 3: Prepositions expressing time – at, on and in

n Copy this onto the board once more:

Student 1: i’ve finished my homework! Student 2: i’m doing my homework. it’s taking me ages! Student 3: i haven’t started my homework, but i will do it.

Lesson Link


Ask the students How could we change these sentences to talk about definite time? Suggest that they try using at, and elicit these sentences to the board:

Student 1: i finished my homework at six o’clock this morning!Student 2: i’m doing my homework at the moment. it’s taking me ages!Student 3: i haven’t started my homework, but i will do at the weekend.

n Point out the prepositions in, on and at are often used to express time. Start to build this table on the board:

aT Times, short holiday periods (e.g. at Christmas, at the weekend)

iN

oN

3. REVIEW ACTIVITY

n Give the students a few minutes to complete exercise 3 on the worksheet. Let the students compare their answers in pairs. (Answers: 1 on 2 at 3 in 4 in 5 on 6 at 7 in 8 at 9 in 10 on) Go through the correct answers with the whole class, and complete the table:

aT Times, short holiday periods (e.g. at Christmas, at the weekend)

iN longer periods of time (e.g. in 1992, in the autumn), parts of the day (e.g. in the morning)

oN Days and dates (e.g. on Tuesday, on 7th February)

n Do a quick prompt drill with the class for very controlled practice:

T (Teacher): the evening SS (Students): in the evening T: Saturday SS: on Saturday T: the weekend SS: at the weekend T: half past two SS: at half past two T: the winter SS: in the winter T: Friday morning SS: on Friday morning

4. CONTEXTUALIZED ACTIVITY: Time board game

Task Instructions:

A. Divide the class into groups of three and give each group a copy of the board game. Make sure that each group has a coin, and that each player has a counter of some sort to move round the board (this could be just a rubber or a paper clip). Check that students understand flip the coin, heads and tails, then explain the rules of the game:

n The players put their counters on START.

n Player 1 flips the coin. If they get heads, they move forward two squares. If they get tails, they move forward one square. They must talk about the topic on their square for at least 30 seconds, and other players can ask them questions with When and What time to get extra information.

n Players 2 and 3 then take their turns. The first player to reach FINISH is the winner.

Grammar to go!

Lesson Link



B. Allow 10-15 minutes for the students to play the game. Move from group to group so that you can observe what’s happening and give support if necessary. With smaller classes, you could put your own counters on the groups’ boards and take occasional turns in the game.

C. At the feedback stage, ask the groups to report back on anything interesting or surprising that they learnt about each other.

HOMEWORK/EXPANSION

Each student chooses three of the squares that they DIDN’T land on during the game. For each square they write a short paragraph, including as many prepositions of time and adverbials of time as possible.

EXTRA HELP

Do your students need more help with adverbials of time?: Direct them to 194 in Oxford Learner’s Grammar Finder.

Do your students need more help with prepositions of time?: Direct them to 212, 213 and 214 in Oxford Learner’s Grammar Finder.

Do your students need more practice with prepositions of time?: Direct them to 355, 356 and 357 in Oxford Learner’s Grammar Builder.

Lesson Link


Activity worksheet: Expressing time

Grammar to go!

321 Adverbials of time ' Finder 194A

Write the second part of each sentence with one of these adverbs in mid position: finally,immediately, just, now, soon, then.

' The customer put the goods in her bag, and she walked out of the store.She then walked out of the store.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 I’m feeling overworked, but I’ll be on holiday.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 The photos must be here somewhere because I’ve been looking at them.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 I’ve been thinking about the offer for a long time, and I’ve made up my mind.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 My sister used to play tennis, but she spends all her time on the golf course.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 I saw smoke coming from the building, so I rang the fire brigade.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

322 Adverbials of time ' Finder 194B–G

Put in these words: after, afterwards, already, any longer, far, long, no longer, still, yet.Some of the words have to be used more than once.

' Richard: I’ve been here an hour, and I’m still. . . . . . . waiting to see the doctor.

Adam: Well, you haven’t been waiting as long. . . . . . . as some of the other patients.

1 Emma: Have you bought your ticket for the concert . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?Alice: No, not . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Emma: Well, don’t leave it too . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. They’re going pretty fast. Most of them

have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . been sold.

2 Mark: That nightclub we went to last year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exists. In fact the buildinghas been knocked down.

Phil: It’s only a few hours since I’ve been back, but I’ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . noticedquite a few changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . only a year away.

3 Leanne: I just can’t live in that awful place . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. It really gets on my nerves.Paul: So you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . haven’t solved all the problems with your flatmates.Leanne: Not really. It’s OK having meals together. We’ve done that right from the start. But

we’re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . having regular arguments about who washesup . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. And anyway, I don’t like living so . . . . . . . . . . . . . .from the city centre.

3B2 Version Number 7.51a/W (May 2 2001) {Jobsin}M11213/OLG Builder 314-333.3d Date: 1/2/05 Time 15:02pm Page 162 of 168

M11213 OUP — Oxford Learners Grammar WorkBook (OLG WB) Tradespools, Frome, Somerset

162 321 l Adverbials of time

321 Adverbials of time ' Finder 194A

Write the second part of each sentence with one of these adverbs in mid position: finally,immediately, just, now, soon, then.

' The customer put the goods in her bag, and she walked out of the store.She then walked out of the store.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 I’m feeling overworked, but I’ll be on holiday.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 The photos must be here somewhere because I’ve been looking at them.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 I’ve been thinking about the offer for a long time, and I’ve made up my mind.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 My sister used to play tennis, but she spends all her time on the golf course.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 I saw smoke coming from the building, so I rang the fire brigade.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

322 Adverbials of time ' Finder 194B–G

Put in these words: after, afterwards, already, any longer, far, long, no longer, still, yet.Some of the words have to be used more than once.

' Richard: I’ve been here an hour, and I’m still. . . . . . . waiting to see the doctor.

Adam: Well, you haven’t been waiting as long. . . . . . . as some of the other patients.

1 Emma: Have you bought your ticket for the concert . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?Alice: No, not . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Emma: Well, don’t leave it too . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. They’re going pretty fast. Most of them

have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . been sold.

2 Mark: That nightclub we went to last year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exists. In fact the buildinghas been knocked down.

Phil: It’s only a few hours since I’ve been back, but I’ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . noticedquite a few changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . only a year away.

3 Leanne: I just can’t live in that awful place . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. It really gets on my nerves.Paul: So you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . haven’t solved all the problems with your flatmates.Leanne: Not really. It’s OK having meals together. We’ve done that right from the start. But

we’re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . having regular arguments about who washesup . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. And anyway, I don’t like living so . . . . . . . . . . . . . .from the city centre.



162 321 l Adverbials of time

1

2



Activity worksheet: Expressing time

3 The woman is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

4 The burglar got in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

5 They’re sitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

6 The dog was sitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

7 We put a dust sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

353 Prepositions of place ' Finder 211

Choose the correct answer.

' We had a picnic about/by the river.

1 The President was standing among/around/into his bodyguards.2 Coventry is near/nearby/next Birmingham.3 Karen dived down to the bottom/top of the pool.4 Tourists were strolling along/around/between the Old Town.5 The plane flew to/towards/up to the sun, but then it changed course.6 Soon we crossed above/over the border into China.7 November comes after/behind/in front of October.8 The submarine was 200 metres above/below the surface.9 You can get across/along/through the road more easily at the lights.

10 I couldn’t help looking at the man because he was sitting right behind/next to/opposite me.

354 At, on, and in expressing time ' Finder 212A–D

Put in at, on, or in.

' My birthday is in. . . . . February.

1 We’re going to a concert . . . . . Wednesday.2 We got home . . . . . half past eleven.3 I’ll see you . . . . . the morning.4 My sister starts at college . . . . . the autumn.5 The accident happened . . . . . Thursday afternoon.6 I usually have a sandwich . . . . . lunch time.7 Shakespeare was born . . . . . 1564.8 You’re allowed to drive . . . . . seventeen in Britain.9 There will be lots of excitement . . . . . the coming weeks.

10 People remember the dead . . . . . the anniversary of the terrorist attack.



3 4 5

6

7

353 l Prepositions of place 179

3


Grammar to go!

Activity worksheet: Time board game

Lesson Link

‘Talk about…’

START

… what you did on Tuesday (in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening).

… your birthday.

… something interesting that you are going to do soon.

… what you usually do at lunchtime.

… an old friend who you no longer keep in touch with.

… what you’ve just been thinking about.

… what you’re going to do on Friday.

… what time this lesson finishes and what you’re going to do afterwards.

… your favourite time of day.

… something that you need to buy soon.

… your morning routine.

… your favourite day of the week.

… something you need to do today that you haven’t done yet.

… a year that you will never forget.

.… something from your childhood that you’ve still got.

… where you think you will be in 2020.

… what activities you enjoy doing in the summer.

… a TV programme that you no longer like.

… your favourite month of the year.

… your favourite season.

… an old friend who you still keep in touch with.

… something that you need to do soon.

FINISH

teaching english

Documents

Transcript of teaching english