Teaching Bioengineering: The Anaerobic Digester Scotch Plains Fanwood High School, Scotch Plains, NJ...
1
Teaching Bioengineering: The Anaerobic Digester Scotch Plains Fanwood High School, Scotch Plains, NJ National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC-1009797 Abstract Methods Results-Digester Performance Conclusion Rutgers University Research Experience for Teachers in Engineering (RU RET-E) The project compared methane generation by anaerobic digestion of different types of animal farm waste, alone as well as comingled with other types of biomass, with potential energy and waste treatment applications for livestock, poultry and agricultural facilities. Centralized neutralization, processing, and conversion of potentially toxic biomass into usable fuel forms, holds tremendous economic, environmental and societal benefits. A batch of 21 anaerobic digesters was set up with biomass feedstock triplicates of the following compositions: horse manure, donkey manure, poultry manure, horse manure and woodchips, straw, 50/50 straw and horse manure, and pure sucrose. An innoculum of methanogenic microorganisms from the Elizabeth Waste Water Treatment Plant was added to each digester bottle. Additionally, a triplicate of control digesters was set up without a substrate. The experiments were run with 100 ml of innoculum and a back calculated ratio of Fixed Solids for each digester. Methane production was monitored following inoculation, and during incubation in mesophilic conditions at 35˚C, over the course of 17 days. Donna E. Fennell Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Department of Environmental Sciences Anaerobic Digestion of Equine Stall Waste B. Wartell, V. Krumins, R. George, J. Alt, B. Schwab, K. Kang and D. E. Fennell Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ . 2008 http://www.paksc.org/bio-energy/bio-gas-plant.html Acknowledgments •A great thanks to Dr. Donna Fennel for her mentorship, overview of the field and integration into the daily workings of the Environmental Science Bioengineering laboratories. •A great thanks to Sunirat Rattanna, Amanda Luther and Val Krumins for daily guidance, modeling and technical assistance with protocols, procedures and equipment. •A great thanks to Dr. Evelyn Laffey and Dr. Kimberly Cook for their dedication to making RU RET-E program a success. The above results show that poultry waste generates more methane in early phases of anaerobic digestion, making it an economically efficient source of bioenergy. Its current uses as fertilizer might therefore be diversified to generate methane thereby also minimizing bacterial contamination. Straw and sucrose show uniform and consistent production rates, demonstrating their possible uses as additives to regulate the anaerobic digestion process. Wood chip and manure mixtures show poorer results possibly due to smaller surface areas and varied rates of lignin and cellulose break down. Finally, donkey and horse manures demonstrate significant rates of methane production supporting the development technologies for centralized and local livestock waste processing and biogas production. Our project, modeled on others in Dr. Fennel’s RU Bioengineering laboratory explores the application of anaerobic digestion as a step in centralized animal waste processing, thereby maximizing the value of this type of biomass and minimizing its negative impact on the environment. Ongoing work is examining the effects of different substrates, stimulators and inhibitors, as well as varied microbial community profiles on the processes of Methanogenesis. Additionally, the effects of combining food waste with manure to buffer acidification, and •How do different animal wastes compare in methane production? •How does the addition of straw to animal manure effect methane production? A naerobic D igestion Pathw ay A cetate H 2 + CO 2 CH 4 + C O 2 Com plex Polym ers M onom ers Propionate B utyrate Succinate A lcohols A cetate A cetate H 2 + CO 2 Polysaccharides L ipids P roteins Hydrolysis Hydrolytic and cellulolytic bacteria Fermentation Fermentative bacteria S ugars, fatty acids, amino acids Fermentation Anaerobic O xidation Obligate Proton-Reducing Bacteria (syntrophs) Acetogenesis Homo-acetogens Acetotrophic Methanogens Methanogenesis Acetotrophic Methanogens Methanogenesis Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens C oupled m icrobial processes leading to the conversion ofcom plex organic biom ass to m ethane (adapted from M cCarty,1964). Acetotrophic Methanogens Methanogenesis manure 1 5.005 0.7528 182636. 6 3.28E+0 1 105 3.45E+0 1 3.27E+0 1 4.47E+0 1 205034 37.0626 7 104 38.545 18 36.7751 8 6.95E+0 1 8.07E+0 1 191718. 5 34.5552 3 39 13.4765 4 13.0465 4 7.07E+0 1 8.19E+0 1 235740. 7 42.8450 4 popped manure 2 5.0174 0.7528 191624 3.45E+0 1 105 3.63E+0 1 3.45E+0 1 201049. 8 36.3124 1 106 38.491 15 36.7211 5 7.12E+0 1 192303. 3 34.6653 5 37 12.8261 8 12.3961 8 7.26E+0 1 217915. 7 39.4884 2 popped manure 3 5.0508 0.7528 193238. 7 3.48E+0 1 197 6.86E+0 1 6.69E+0 1 197896. 3 35.7185 7 102 36.432 94 34.6629 4 1.02E+0 2 158065. 4 28.2180 3 37 10.4406 7 10.0106 7 1.02E+0 2 212688. 2 38.5040 3 popped m + sh 4 7.0007 0.6469 100011. 6 1.73E+0 1 32 5.53E+0 0 3.76E+0 0 2.62E+0 0 146371. 2 26.0158 9 23 5.9836 55 4.21365 5 7.98E+0 0 7.04E+0 0 135500. 2 23.9687 8 7 1.67781 4 1.24781 4 2.08E+0 1 1.94E+0 1 15939.6 1.45435 4 10 0.14543 5 - 3.89456 1.69E+0 1 1.73E+0 1 m + sh 5 7.5092 0.6469 96255.6 1.66E+0 1 25 4.14E+0 0 2.37E+0 0 139632. 7 24.7469 7 27 6.6816 81 4.91168 1 7.29E+0 0 145712. 1 25.8917 8 7 1.81242 4 1.38242 4 2.10E+0 1 147449. 5 26.2189 5 12 3.14627 4 - 0.89373 2.01E+0 1 m + sh 6 7.027 0.6469 93202.7 1.60E+0 1 22 3.52E+0 0 1.75E+0 0 143998. 5 25.5690 9 23 5.8808 91 4.11089 1 5.86E+0 0 127260. 7 22.4172 6 1.34503 2 0.91503 2 1.62E+0 1 142607 25.3070 6 10 2.53070 6 - 1.50929 1.47E+0 1 poultr y 7 3.0316 0.4348 168576. 8 3.02E+0 1 popped popped popped 5.06E+0 1 198430. 5 35.8191 7 197 70.563 76 68.7937 6 #VALUE! 1.24E+0 2 175496. 8 31.5005 3 42 13.2302 2 12.8002 2 #VALUE! 1.36E+0 2 189182. 3 34.0776 4 43 14.6533 9 10.6133 9 #VALUE! 1.46E+0 2 poultr y 8 2.9922 0.4348 167126. 9 2.99E+0 1 178 5.33E+0 1 5.15E+0 1 202768. 4 36.6360 3 202 74.004 79 72.2347 9 1.24E+0 2 187587. 7 33.7773 6 42 14.1864 9 13.7564 9 1.36E+0 2 184496 33.1951 6 44 14.6058 7 10.5658 7 1.46E+0 2 poultr y 9 3.039 0.4348 167758. 2 3.00E+0 1 171 5.14E+0 1 4.96E+0 1 139954. 7 24.8076 popped #VALUE ! #VALUE! #VALUE! 159224. 9 28.4363 7 38 10.8058 2 10.3758 2 #VALUE! 181226. 9 32.5795 6 60 19.5477 4 15.5077 4 #VALUE! donkey 10 4.5166 0.6748 147746. 5 2.63E+0 1 82 2.15E+0 1 1.98E+0 1 1.94E+0 1 190389. 4 34.3049 5 149 51.114 37 49.3443 7 6.91E+0 1 6.58E+0 1 168954. 6 30.2685 7 40 12.1074 3 11.6774 3 7.43E+0 1 7.17E+0 1 190952 34.4108 9 60 20.6465 4 16.6065 4 9.09E+0 1 8.71E+0 1 donkey 11 4.502 0.6748 140080 2.48E+0 1 80 1.99E+0 1 1.81E+0 1 189840. 9 34.2016 6 141 48.224 34 46.4543 4 6.45E+0 1 179389. 6 32.2335 8 39 12.5711 12.1411 7.09E+0 1 190738 34.3705 9 52 17.8727 1 13.8327 1 8.47E+0 1 donkey 12 4.524 0.6748 156509. 8 2.79E+0 1 79 2.21E+0 1 2.03E+0 1 187939. 3 33.8435 7 134 45.350 39 43.5803 9 6.39E+0 1 182955. 5 32.9050 7 39 12.8329 8 12.4029 8 7.00E+0 1 197984. 1 35.7351 55 19.6543 1 15.6143 1 8.56E+0 1 sucros e 25 0.3 1 150727. 2 2.68E+0 1 142 3.81E+0 1 3.63E+0 1 4.00E+0 1 170925. 6 30.6397 3 88 26.962 96 25.1929 6 6.15E+0 1 7.04E+0 1 157798. 7 28.1678 20 5.63356 1 5.20356 1 7.20E+0 1 8.03E+0 1 193550. 7 34.9002 5 51 17.7991 3 13.7591 3 8.57E+0 1 9.59E+0 1 sucros e 26 0.3 1 153029. 2 2.73E+0 1 132 3.60E+0 1 3.42E+0 1 175827. 5 31.5628 90 28.406 52 26.6365 2 6.09E+0 1 171086. 3 30.6699 9 22 6.74739 7 6.31739 7 6.93E+0 1 184128. 5 33.1259 6 64 21.2006 1 17.1606 1 8.65E+0 1 sucros e 27 0.3 1 187735. 7 3.38E+0 1 141 4.77E+0 1 4.59E+0 1 181933. 2 32.7125 6 137 44.816 21 43.0462 1 8.89E+0 1 166613. 2 29.8276 6 22 6.56208 5 6.13208 5 9.97E+0 1 197657. 6 35.6736 2 56 19.9772 3 15.9372 3 1.16E+0 2 straw 16 1.128 0.98 147163. 4 2.62E+0 1 110 2.88E+0 1 2.70E+0 1 3.27E+0 1 184621. 5 33.2188 popped #VALUE ! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6.68E+0 1 177846. 9 31.9430 7 34 10.8606 5 10.4306 5 #VALUE! 8.01E+0 1 174928. 7 31.3935 5 70 21.9754 8 17.9354 8 #VALUE! 1.02E+0 2 straw 17 1.0004 0.98 153306. 5 2.73E+0 1 132 3.61E+0 1 3.43E+0 1 164438. 8 29.4182 85 25.005 47 23.2354 7 5.75E+0 1 176486. 1 31.6868 2 28 8.87231 8.44231 7.00E+0 1 199203. 5 35.9647 3 67 24.0963 7 20.0563 7 9.00E+0 1 straw 18 1.2458 0.98 163310 2.92E+0 1 132 3.86E+0 1 3.68E+0 1 180861. 5 32.5107 5 126 40.963 55 39.1935 5 7.60E+0 1 158650. 1 28.3281 3 39.5 11.1896 1 10.7596 1 9.02E+0 1 193492. 4 34.8892 7 78 27.2136 3 23.1736 3 1.13E+0 2 manure +str 19 2.014 0.865 189370 3.41E+0 1 138 4.71E+0 1 4.53E+0 1 4.42E+0 1 183323. 1 32.9743 150 49.461 44 47.6914 4 9.30E+0 1 8.80E+0 1 165927. 3 29.6985 39 11.5824 1 11.1524 1 9.31E+0 1 8.80E+0 1 126231. 9 22.2234 7 4 0.88893 9 - 3.15106 9.00E+0 1 8.47E+0 1 manure +str 20 2.2695 0.865 183027. 8 3.29E+0 1 136 4.48E+0 1 4.30E+0 1 171720. 6 30.7894 3 124 38.178 9 36.4089 7.94E+0 1 171074. 2 30.6677 1 42 12.8804 4 12.4504 4 7.93E+0 1 103748. 8 17.9896 8 4 0.71958 7 - 3.32041 7.59E+0 1 manure +str 21 2.7813 0.865 158908. 1 2.84E+0 1 162 4.60E+0 1 4.42E+0 1 163422. 1 29.2267 4 168 49.100 93 47.3309 3 9.15E+0 1 169886. 1 30.4439 8 48 14.6131 1 14.1831 1 9.16E+0 1 100516. 7 17.3810 4 4 0.69524 2 - 3.34476 8.82E+0 1 contro l 22 0 73426.2 1.23E+0 1 15 1.84E+0 0 7.19E- 02 100908. 6 17.4548 4 13 2.2691 3 0.49913 5.71E- 01 -2.76E- 03 107073. 1 18.6156 8 3 0.55847 0.12847 #VALUE! -4.78E- 01 166887. 3 29.8792 7 12 3.58551 3 - 0.45449 #VALUE! -2.94E- 01 contro l 23 0 75307.8 1.26E+0 1 14 1.77E+0 0 -1.25E- 03 82133.5 13.9193 1 12 1.6703 17 - 0.09968 -1.01E- 01 80957.1 13.6977 8 2 0.27395 6 - 0.15604 #VALUE! 172702. 4 30.9743 1 14 4.33640 4 0.29640 4 #VALUE! contro l 24 0 77490.3 1.30E+0 1 13 1.70E+0 0 -7.42E- 02 80741.5 13.6571 8 10 1.3657 18 - 0.40428 -4.78E- 01 89109.2 15.2329 3 0.45698 7 0.02698 7 -4.78E- 01 168449. 7 30.1734 9 14 4.22428 9 0.18428 9 -2.94E- 01 g substra t %VS/100 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 total wei PA %CH4 Actual ml ml CH4 ml- control Average PA %CH4 Actual ml ml CH4 ml - control total Average PA %CH4 Actual ml ml CH4 ml- control ml/g VS Average PA % CH4 Actual ml ml CH4 ml- control ml/g VS Average Digester Sampling and Analyses Comparing Levels of Methane for Varied Substrates Biogas Production Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection Methane Content Water displacement Solid Weight Analysis References Students will complete a three week unit on bioengineering. Students will learn bioenergy vocabulary and current microorganism technologies. Students will apply complete an engineering resume detailing skills and education. Students will learn about simple third world biogas digesters. Students will diagram parts and properties of digester components using flow charts. Students will substitute Home Depot equipment for the flow chart components. Students will submit a proposal with a pricelist for their design. Design voted best will be funded, built and tested. Batch reactors in triplicate: • Specific amount of horse manure volatile solids (g VS) • Inoculated with municipal mesophilic anaerobic digester sludge • Mixed and incubated at 35C • Methane production compared for different substrates Teaching Bioengineering RU RET-E Participant: Elena A. Podgorny Faculty Advisor: Dr. Donna Fennell Graduate Student Mentors: S. Rattana, A. Luther, V. Krumis
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Transcript of Teaching Bioengineering: The Anaerobic Digester Scotch Plains Fanwood High School, Scotch Plains, NJ...
Teaching Bioengineering: The Anaerobic Digester
Scotch Plains Fanwood High School, Scotch Plains, NJ
National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC-1009797
Abstract
Methods
Results-Digester Performance
Conclusion
Rutgers University Research Experience for Teachers in Engineering (RU RET-E)
The project compared methane generation by anaerobic digestion of different types of animal farm waste, alone as well as comingled with other types of biomass, with potential energy and waste treatment applications for livestock, poultry and agricultural facilities. Centralized neutralization, processing, and conversion of potentially toxic biomass into usable fuel forms, holds tremendous economic, environmental and societal benefits.
A batch of 21 anaerobic digesters was set up with biomass feedstock triplicates of the following compositions: horse manure, donkey manure, poultry manure, horse manure and woodchips, straw, 50/50 straw and horse manure, and pure sucrose. An innoculum of methanogenic microorganisms from the Elizabeth Waste Water Treatment Plant was added to each digester bottle. Additionally, a triplicate of control digesters was set up without a substrate. The experiments were run with 100 ml of innoculum and a back calculated ratio of Fixed Solids for each digester. Methane production was monitored following inoculation, and during incubation in mesophilic conditions at 35˚C, over the course of 17 days.
Donna E. FennellRutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Department of Environmental Sciences
Anaerobic Digestion of Equine Stall WasteB. Wartell, V. Krumins, R. George, J. Alt,
B. Schwab, K. Kang and D. E. FennellRutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ . 2008
http://www.paksc.org/bio-energy/bio-gas-plant.html
Acknowledgments
•A great thanks to Dr. Donna Fennel for her mentorship, overview of the field and integration into the daily workings of the Environmental
Science Bioengineering laboratories.
•A great thanks to Sunirat Rattanna, Amanda Luther and Val Krumins for daily guidance, modeling and technical assistance with protocols,
procedures and equipment.
•A great thanks to Dr. Evelyn Laffey and Dr. Kimberly Cook for their dedication to making RU RET-E program a success.
The above results show that poultry waste generates more methane in early phases of anaerobic digestion, making it an economically efficient source of bioenergy. Its current uses as fertilizer might therefore be diversified to generate methane thereby also minimizing bacterial contamination. Straw and sucrose show uniform and consistent production rates, demonstrating their possible uses as additives to regulate the anaerobic digestion process. Wood chip and manure mixtures show poorer results possibly due to smaller surface areas and varied rates of lignin and cellulose break down. Finally, donkey and horse manures demonstrate significant rates of methane production supporting the development technologies for centralized and local livestock waste processing and biogas production. Our project, modeled on others in Dr. Fennel’s RU Bioengineering laboratory explores the application of anaerobic digestion as a step in centralized animal waste processing, thereby maximizing the value of this type of biomass and minimizing its negative impact on the environment. Ongoing work is examining the effects of different substrates, stimulators and inhibitors, as well as varied microbial community profiles on the processes of Methanogenesis. Additionally, the effects of combining food waste with manure to buffer acidification, and unify disposal and conversion of common agricultural waste products, are also being explored.
•How do different animal wastes compare in methane production?
•How does the addition of straw to animal manure effect methane production?
Anaerobic DigestionPathway
AcetateH2+ CO2
CH4 + CO2
Complex Polymers
Monomers
PropionateButyrate
SuccinateAlcohols
AcetateAcetateH2+ CO2
PolysaccharidesLipidsProteins
HydrolysisHydrolytic and cellulolytic bacteria
FermentationFermentative bacteria
Sugars, fatty acids, amino acids
FermentationAnaerobic Oxidation
Obligate Proton-Reducing Bacteria (syntrophs)
AcetogenesisHomo-acetogens
AcetotrophicMethanogens
MethanogenesisAcetotrophicMethanogens Methanogenesis
HydrogenotrophicMethanogens
Coupled microbial processes leading to the conversion of complex organic biomass to methane (adapted from McCarty, 1964).
AcetotrophicMethanogens
Methanogenesis
manure 1 5.005 0.7528 182636.6 3.28E+01 105 3.45E+01 3.27E+01 4.47E+01 205034 37.06267 104 38.54518 36.77518 6.95E+01 8.07E+01 191718.5 34.55523 39 13.47654 13.04654 7.07E+01 8.19E+01 235740.7 42.84504popped manure 2 5.0174 0.7528 191624 3.45E+01 105 3.63E+01 3.45E+01 201049.8 36.31241 106 38.49115 36.72115 7.12E+01 192303.3 34.66535 37 12.82618 12.39618 7.26E+01 217915.7 39.48842popped manure 3 5.0508 0.7528 193238.7 3.48E+01 197 6.86E+01 6.69E+01 197896.3 35.71857 102 36.43294 34.66294 1.02E+02 158065.4 28.21803 37 10.44067 10.01067 1.02E+02 212688.2 38.50403popped m + sh 4 7.0007 0.6469 100011.6 1.73E+01 32 5.53E+00 3.76E+00 2.62E+00 146371.2 26.01589 23 5.983655 4.213655 7.98E+00 7.04E+00 135500.2 23.96878 7 1.677814 1.247814 2.08E+01 1.94E+01 15939.6 1.454354 10 0.145435 -3.89456 1.69E+01 1.73E+01m + sh 5 7.5092 0.6469 96255.6 1.66E+01 25 4.14E+00 2.37E+00 139632.7 24.74697 27 6.681681 4.911681 7.29E+00 145712.1 25.89178 7 1.812424 1.382424 2.10E+01 147449.5 26.21895 12 3.146274 -0.89373 2.01E+01 m + sh 6 7.027 0.6469 93202.7 1.60E+01 22 3.52E+00 1.75E+00 143998.5 25.56909 23 5.880891 4.110891 5.86E+00 127260.7 22.4172 6 1.345032 0.915032 1.62E+01 142607 25.30706 10 2.530706 -1.50929 1.47E+01 poultry 7 3.0316 0.4348 168576.8 3.02E+01popped popped popped 5.06E+01 198430.5 35.81917 197 70.56376 68.79376 #VALUE! 1.24E+02 175496.8 31.50053 42 13.23022 12.80022 #VALUE! 1.36E+02 189182.3 34.07764 43 14.65339 10.61339 #VALUE! 1.46E+02poultry 8 2.9922 0.4348 167126.9 2.99E+01 178 5.33E+01 5.15E+01 202768.4 36.63603 202 74.00479 72.23479 1.24E+02 187587.7 33.77736 42 14.18649 13.75649 1.36E+02 184496 33.19516 44 14.60587 10.56587 1.46E+02poultry 9 3.039 0.4348 167758.2 3.00E+01 171 5.14E+01 4.96E+01 139954.7 24.8076popped #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 159224.9 28.43637 38 10.80582 10.37582 #VALUE! 181226.9 32.57956 60 19.54774 15.50774 #VALUE!donkey 10 4.5166 0.6748 147746.5 2.63E+01 82 2.15E+01 1.98E+01 1.94E+01 190389.4 34.30495 149 51.11437 49.34437 6.91E+01 6.58E+01 168954.6 30.26857 40 12.10743 11.67743 7.43E+01 7.17E+01 190952 34.41089 60 20.64654 16.60654 9.09E+01 8.71E+01donkey 11 4.502 0.6748 140080 2.48E+01 80 1.99E+01 1.81E+01 189840.9 34.20166 141 48.22434 46.45434 6.45E+01 179389.6 32.23358 39 12.5711 12.1411 7.09E+01 190738 34.37059 52 17.87271 13.83271 8.47E+01 donkey 12 4.524 0.6748 156509.8 2.79E+01 79 2.21E+01 2.03E+01 187939.3 33.84357 134 45.35039 43.58039 6.39E+01 182955.5 32.90507 39 12.83298 12.40298 7.00E+01 197984.1 35.7351 55 19.65431 15.61431 8.56E+01 sucrose 25 0.3 1 150727.2 2.68E+01 142 3.81E+01 3.63E+01 4.00E+01 170925.6 30.63973 88 26.96296 25.19296 6.15E+01 7.04E+01 157798.7 28.1678 20 5.633561 5.203561 7.20E+01 8.03E+01 193550.7 34.90025 51 17.79913 13.75913 8.57E+01 9.59E+01sucrose 26 0.3 1 153029.2 2.73E+01 132 3.60E+01 3.42E+01 175827.5 31.5628 90 28.40652 26.63652 6.09E+01 171086.3 30.66999 22 6.747397 6.317397 6.93E+01 184128.5 33.12596 64 21.20061 17.16061 8.65E+01sucrose 27 0.3 1 187735.7 3.38E+01 141 4.77E+01 4.59E+01 181933.2 32.71256 137 44.81621 43.04621 8.89E+01 166613.2 29.82766 22 6.562085 6.132085 9.97E+01 197657.6 35.67362 56 19.97723 15.93723 1.16E+02straw 16 1.128 0.98 147163.4 2.62E+01 110 2.88E+01 2.70E+01 3.27E+01 184621.5 33.2188popped #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6.68E+01 177846.9 31.94307 34 10.86065 10.43065 #VALUE! 8.01E+01 174928.7 31.39355 70 21.97548 17.93548 #VALUE! 1.02E+02straw 17 1.0004 0.98 153306.5 2.73E+01 132 3.61E+01 3.43E+01 164438.8 29.4182 85 25.00547 23.23547 5.75E+01 176486.1 31.68682 28 8.87231 8.44231 7.00E+01 199203.5 35.96473 67 24.09637 20.05637 9.00E+01 straw 18 1.2458 0.98 163310 2.92E+01 132 3.86E+01 3.68E+01 180861.5 32.51075 126 40.96355 39.19355 7.60E+01 158650.1 28.32813 39.5 11.18961 10.75961 9.02E+01 193492.4 34.88927 78 27.21363 23.17363 1.13E+02 manure+str 19 2.014 0.865 189370 3.41E+01 138 4.71E+01 4.53E+01 4.42E+01 183323.1 32.9743 150 49.46144 47.69144 9.30E+01 8.80E+01 165927.3 29.6985 39 11.58241 11.15241 9.31E+01 8.80E+01 126231.9 22.22347 4 0.888939 -3.15106 9.00E+01 8.47E+01manure+str 20 2.2695 0.865 183027.8 3.29E+01 136 4.48E+01 4.30E+01 171720.6 30.78943 124 38.1789 36.4089 7.94E+01 171074.2 30.66771 42 12.88044 12.45044 7.93E+01 103748.8 17.98968 4 0.719587 -3.32041 7.59E+01manure+str 21 2.7813 0.865 158908.1 2.84E+01 162 4.60E+01 4.42E+01 163422.1 29.22674 168 49.10093 47.33093 9.15E+01 169886.1 30.44398 48 14.61311 14.18311 9.16E+01 100516.7 17.38104 4 0.695242 -3.34476 8.82E+01control 22 0 73426.2 1.23E+01 15 1.84E+00 7.19E-02 100908.6 17.45484 13 2.26913 0.49913 5.71E-01 -2.76E-03 107073.1 18.61568 3 0.55847 0.12847 #VALUE! -4.78E-01 166887.3 29.87927 12 3.585513 -0.45449 #VALUE! -2.94E-01control 23 0 75307.8 1.26E+01 14 1.77E+00 -1.25E-03 82133.5 13.91931 12 1.670317 -0.09968 -1.01E-01 80957.1 13.69778 2 0.273956 -0.15604 #VALUE! 172702.4 30.97431 14 4.336404 0.296404 #VALUE! control 24 0 77490.3 1.30E+01 13 1.70E+00 -7.42E-02 80741.5 13.65718 10 1.365718 -0.40428 -4.78E-01 89109.2 15.2329 3 0.456987 0.026987 -4.78E-01 168449.7 30.17349 14 4.224289 0.184289 -2.94E-01 g substrat %VS/100 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 5 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 10 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 12 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17 Day 17
total wei PA %CH4 Actual ml ml CH4ml-control Average PA %CH4 Actual ml ml CH4
ml -control total Average PA %CH4 Actual ml ml CH4
ml-control ml/g VS Average PA % CH4 Actual ml ml CH4
ml-control ml/g VS Average
Digester Sampling and Analyses
Comparing Levels of Methane for Varied Substrates
Biogas Production
Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Methane Content
Water displacement
Solid Weight Analysis
References
Students will complete a three week unit on bioengineering.Students will learn bioenergy vocabulary and current microorganism technologies.Students will apply complete an engineering resume detailing skills and education.Students will learn about simple third world biogas digesters.Students will diagram parts and properties of digester components using flow charts.Students will substitute Home Depot equipment for the flow chart components.Students will submit a proposal with a pricelist for their design.Design voted best will be funded, built and tested.
Batch reactors in triplicate:
•Specific amount of horse manure volatile solids (g VS)
•Inoculated with municipal mesophilic anaerobic digester sludge
•Mixed and incubated at 35C
•Methane production compared for different substrates
Teaching Bioengineering
RU RET-E Participant: Elena A. Podgorny Faculty Advisor: Dr. Donna Fennell Graduate Student Mentors: S. Rattana, A. Luther, V. Krumis
