Teaching an Elephant to Dance or Scaling Agile to Large Project Teams
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Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option. Teaching an Elephant to Dance or Scaling Agile to Large Project Teams
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Patterns and Practices for Delivering Software at Scale - a presentation from AgilePalooza Twin Cities: Steve Povilaitis has over 17 years of industry experience as a developer, analyst, and manager at progressively greater levels of responsibility. He has successfully led agile adoption, engineering, and software release management across a wide spectrum of organizations, from an internet startup to a Fortune 10 company. Steve was part of the leadership team during a large-scale agile implementation at GE Energy, and he is currently decisively engaged with guiding an enterprise agile transformation for a major internet retailer. In a former life Steve was an Army Officer and paratrooper. When he's not helping organizations navigate the agile waters, you'll find him enjoying the calmer seas around his hometown of New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
Transcript of Teaching an Elephant to Dance or Scaling Agile to Large Project Teams
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Teaching an Elephant to Dance
or Scaling Agile
to Large Project Teams
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Steve ‘Pov’ Povilaitis – Enterprise Agile Coach
[email protected] Twitter: @stevepov LinkedIn: /stevepov
• GE Energy
• AAI Corporation • Lockheed Martin
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
What is the problem we are trying to address?
• Predictability
• Technical Excellence
• Quality
• Time to Value
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Large Project Teams
• Not just a lot of Agile Teams
• Impacts how we do Project Management, Technical Practices, and Product Management beyond the teams
• Aligning Teams within Programs and Portfolios
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
How does Agile Work?
Small Teams with everything needed to deliver an increment of value
Backlog prioritized by value being delivered incrementally
At scale, the backlog and products for these teams need to be coordinated and technical practices must address the challenges of integration
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Three Questions
What are the challenges with Scaling Agile? What does Agile for Large Projects look like? How do organizations get from here to there?
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
What are the challenges?
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Agile is optimized for small teams
• Agile teams measure progress in terms of user stories, but larger companies measure progress in terms of completed projects.
• Working software every two weeks isn’t as important as finished projects every quarter or two.
• The unit of value in the enterprise is different from the unit of value at the team level.
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
User Stories are too small in an Enterprise Context
• Companies need to make and meet commitments on longer planning horizons. • The typical language of short commitments and rapid feedback cycles doesn’t
resonate with many senior leaders. • At the enterprise level of scale, predictability in product delivery is needed so that
the organizations can make strategic investments for delivering value
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Multiple teams introduce dependencies and coordination challenges
• Trouble coordinating across multiple teams • Managing dependencies on complex programs • Bottlenecks slow value creation
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
What does it look like?
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Enterprise Portfolio Management
Product Team
Scrum Team
Product Team
Strategy Team
Support Portfolio Team
Team Agility Multi-Team Agility
Program Agility
Portfolio Agility
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
The smallest increment of value, typically less than a week. Stories are contained within sprint. These are the things the delivery teams care about.
Backlog Decomposition Increments of Value
Smaller than epics, typically 2-4 weeks in duration. Features are contained within releases. Features can span more than one team. These are what the Product Owner Team cares about.
Collections of features, typically 1-3 months in duration but will fit in a release. Epics can span more than one team. These are the things Steering Committees cares about.
Epic
Feature
User Story
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Backlog Decomposition
Each increment of value creates context and constraints for the level below
Generally
• Increments of value must be prepared prior to planning
• Don’t commit to an increment of value that isn’t ready
• We want to get each increment of value done before starting more
Epic
Feature
User Story
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Backlog Decomposition Coordinate Across Levels of Value
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature
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Feature Feature Feature
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User Story
Story Maps
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Story Maps start with the identification of larger, more strategic organizational goals
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature
Epics are decomposed into Features that describe the value added into the product
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature Feature
Epics are decomposed into Features that describe the value added into the product
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature Feature Feature
Epics are decomposed into Features that describe the value added into the product
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature Feature Feature Feature
Epics are decomposed into Features that describe the value added into the product
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature
User Story
Feature Feature Feature
User Story
User Story
User Story
Features are decomposed into User Stories that are thin slices of value added into the system
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature
User Story
Feature Feature Feature
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
Features are decomposed into User Stories that are thin slices of value added into the system
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature
User Story
Feature Feature Feature
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
Features are decomposed into User Stories that are thin slices of value added into the system
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
Feature
User Story
Feature Feature Feature
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
User Story
Features are decomposed into User Stories that are thin slices of value added into the system
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Managing Budgets
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Epic
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Feature Feature Feature
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User Story
3
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User Stories are estimated in relative units of measure called Story Points
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
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11 7 12 8
Story Points can be added up to size Features
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
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Feature Feature Feature
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38 Feature Points can be added up to size Epics
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
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Feature Feature Feature
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38 Our Goal is to build the smallest system possible to deliver the value in the Epic
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
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38 We continuously evaluate the Story Map to determine the Minimally Marketable Feature
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
User Story
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We continuously evaluate the Story Map to determine the Minimally Marketable Feature
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
User Story
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User Story
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When we focus on Minimally Marketable Features, we deliver Business Value early
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Planning
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan-14 Feb Mar Apr
R17 R19 R21 R23 R25 R27
Team A Epic 1 Epic 4 Epic 7
Team B Epic 2 Epic 5 Epic 8
Teacm C Epic3 Epic 6 Epic 9
Spt 1 Spt 2
US-42
US-38
US-50
US-42
US-56
US-49
US-61
US-53
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Measuring Progress
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down hours or points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the sprint is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6 6
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the Release is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6 6
8
From a Metrics perspective, we Burn Down points to make sure the Release is on track
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6 6
8
5
We track Velocity Trend to make sure the team is delivering in a Predictable manner
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6 6
8
5
When the Release is ready to deliver, The Team has completed the highest priority User Stories, against the highest priority Features ,against the highest priority Epics.
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Release Burndown
38
Sprint Burndown
96
Velocity Trend
6 6
8
5
When the Release is ready to deliver, The Team has completed the highest priority User Stories, against the highest priority Features ,against the highest priority Epics.
Everyone is focused on delivering value early and often!
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Enterprise Release Execution
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
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Features are decomposed into User Stories that are thin slices of value added into the system
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Done
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Tier 1 - Scrum
Tier 2 - Kanban
Tier 3 - Kanban
User Story
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Done
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Tier 1 - Scrum
Tier 2 - Kanban
Tier 3 - Kanban
Feature
User Story
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Done
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Tier 1 - Scrum
Tier 2 - Kanban
Tier 3 - Kanban Epic
Feature
User Story
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Kanban creates a Pull System
across the entire portfolio that is
limited by your Actual Capacity
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Epic
Epic
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Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
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Epic
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
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Epic
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
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Feature
Feature
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
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Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Epic
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Feature
Feature
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
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Spike
Feature
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
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Spike
Feature
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
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Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
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Feature
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
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Spike Task Task
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Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Epic
Feature
Feature
Epic Epic
User Story
Task
Task
8
8
Feature Feature Feature
Task 8
User Story
Spike
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Epic
Feature
Feature
Epic Epic
User Story
Task
Task
8
8
Feature Feature Feature
Task 8
User Story
Spike
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Epic
Feature
Feature
Epic Epic
User Story
Task
Task
8
8
Feature Feature Feature
Task 8
User Story
Spike
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Story Backlog Task Backlog In Process Task Done Story Backlog
Analysis Design Build Test Deploy
Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
Epic
Feature
Feature
Epic Epic
User Story
Task
Task
8
8
Feature Feature Feature
Task 8
User Story
Spike
Epic
Feature
User Story User Story
Spike Task
Task
Task
8
8 Task
8
Task 8
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Developers
Delivery Teams
Testers
Analysts
Specialists
Generalizing Specialists
Agile Project Manager/ Scrum
Master
Product Manager/ Product Owner Team
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
User Experience
Architect
???
Product Manager/PO
Project Manager
Product Owner Teams
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
How do we get there?
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
How do we get there from here?
• Determine the incremental and iterative approach to the transformation
• Top down intent
– Make Changes to Organizational Structure
– Change focus of Metrics and Assessments
• Bottom up implementation
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Top down intent
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Organizational Restructure Director
Manager
BA
BA
BA
Manager
DEV
DEV
DEV
Manager
QA
QA
QA
Architect
PM UX
???
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
The Messy Middle
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ide
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guid
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guid
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Assessments and Metrics are directly targeted at giving the managers (the messy middle) something concrete to do (safety) while being able to demonstrate success (safety and value).
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
New Metrics
• Stop focusing on (task) utilization metrics
• Start focusing on predictability, technical excellence, and quality
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Assessing Predictability
Teams can plan,
coordinate, and
deliver predictably
enough to make a
release level
commitment.
Has the team established
a stable velocity?
Is working, tested,
remediated code being
delivered frequently?
Does the team have
everything expected to
perform the work each
iteration?
Does the team have
confidence they will
deliver the functionality
expected for the release?
Does the team deliver the
functionality it intended
each iteration? Story Ratio
Velocity / Throughput
Variance
WIP to Throughput
Ratio
Resource Availability
Release Confidence
Goal Question Metric
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Agile Team Metrics Summary
Story Ratio The goal is to help teams become predictable in their estimating.
Velocity Variance Throughput Variance
90%+ Stories Delivered /Stories Committed
80% - 90% Stories Delivered /Stories Committed
< 80% Stories Delivered /Stories Committed
Throughput to WIP There should not be more than 4 weeks work of throughput active in a team from Ready to Delivered.
Trend (Will show current state color on Dashboard) Category Current State
Positive iteration to iteration
Flat iteration to iteration
Negative iteration to iteration
< 2 weeks 2 weeks – 4 weeks > 4 weeks
Gap is lower Gap is the same
Gap is higher
Variance < last iteration
Variance = last iteration
Variance is increasing iteration to iteration
Velocity Variance 20% of last 3 sprints
Velocity Variance 40% of last 3 sprints
Velocity Variance 40% of last 3 sprints
The goal is to help teams become stable in their velocity.
Predictability
Resource Availability Is the team getting the resource available that was planned? We need an indication when planned resources aren't available. (Post Inception)
On time release confidence
Resources available as planned 2 off planned resource availability
3+ off planned resource availability
Resources are available iteration to iteration
Resource is yellow iteration to iteration
Resource availability dropped iteration to iteration
Confidence on track or improving
Features on track < 100% and flat
Features on track < 100% and trending down
Team is very confident Team is challenged
Release can’t be delivered
Teams should be able to roughly estimate and identify risks and dependencies sufficiently that we can make and keep release commitments.
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Program Dashboard
A higher level view of the teams provides information to leadership so they can provide guidance where necessary
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Bottom up implementation
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Cycle of Learning
Training
Mentoring
Coaching
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Cultural Change is Last
Cultural Beliefs
Processes, Practices, Policies
Organizational Structure
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Change Takes Time
Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option.
Thank you!
Steve ‘Pov’ Povilaitis LinkedIn: /stevepov Twitter: @stevepov
Email: [email protected]
