Unit 3 Colonial America Colonial America Why do people settle new areas?
Teaching American History Leadership in Colonial America.
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Transcript of Teaching American History Leadership in Colonial America.
Agenda for the Day
• Intro• Political leadership: William Shirley• Leadership in Native American Communities:
Pontiac & Neolin• Cultural leadership: Benjamin Franklin• [Break for Lunch]• Leading voices against slavery: Venture Smith &
John Woolman• Economic leaders: Eliza Lucas Pinckney
Introduction – 18th Century Colonial British North America
• In what contexts do you currently teach colonial America?
• What do you currently emphasize?
• What are the main points of the Countryman reading?
Questions for William Shirley
• How did he rise to become governor?
• What challenges did he face as governor?
• How did he respond?
Shirley in Massachusetts
• 1731: moves to Boston
• 1733:Judge on he admiralty court
• 1741: becomes governor
Shirley’s challenges
Political Context• Appointed Governors• Elected lower house
– Power to raise revenue
– Sets salary of governor
• Governor’s council• Limited enforcement
mechanisms
Economic Context• Navigation Acts
(1651)• Molasses Act (1763)• Enforcement?
Shirley’s Responses
• What are his possible options in dealing with the legislature?
• Dispenses patronage• Seeks assistance from patrons• Written appeals to responsibility to king and
people• King George’s war provides opportunity• Visits defenses in Harbor & in Maine• Greater defense spending• Assault on French fort at Louisbourg (1745)
Questions
• How was leadership among the Ottawa and Delaware different from leadership in colonial Massachusetts?
• What challenges did Pontiac face?
• How did he respond?
End of French and Indian War
• Lord Amherst:• Prohibit certain trade
goods to Native Americans
• Refuse to establish new trade posts
• Limit use of gifts to cement alliances
Pontiac (ca. 1720-1769)
• Member of Ottawa nation
• Ottawa culture
• Leadership among the Ottawa
• Role of trade in leadership
• Ogema
• Pontiac’s challenges
Pontiac’s War & its aftermath
• First major pan-Indian uprising
• Ends in stalemate
• Effect on the British Empire
• Effect on Ohio Valley Indians
Benjamin Franklin
• 1705-1790• Question: What does
this document tell us about Franklin’s role in shaping & reflecting American culture?
Franklin as an Enlightenment Figure
• Enlightenment Attitudes– The nature of knowledge– Attitude toward God– Worldliness & Urbanity
• Enlightenment Forms– Written Word– Learned Societies
Questions
• What kind of slave societies existed in British America?
• What specific challenges did Smith and Woolman face?
• How did they respond?
Venture Smith
• 1729?-1805• Born in West Africa• Brought to Rhode Island
at age 8• Eventually purchases
freedom for himself and family
• Serves in Continental army
• Writes narrative in 1798
John Woolman
• 1720-1772• Born in New Jersey• Prominent Quaker• Writes Journal,
published in 1774• Outspoken antiwar
and antislavery advocate
The Quaker context
• Emerges in mid-17th Century England
• Founded by George Fox
• Radical beginnings– rejection of hierarchy– Emphasis on “inner light”
• More moderate by 1670s
• Migration to colonies
Woolman’s efforts
• Recognition of slavery
• What Woolman was up against
• Woolman’s appeal
• His legacy
Questions
• How does Eliza L. Pinckney show leadership?
• In what ways was Pinckney representative of women in colonial British America?
• In what ways was she atypical?
Eliza Lucas Pinckney
• 1722-1793
• Early Life in England
• 1738: Moved to South Carolina
• 1744: first successful indigo crop
• 1753: death of husband
Pinckney and indigo
• “I love the vegetable world extremely”
• Experimentation• Limits of SC’s
staples• Indigo’s
problems and promise
• 1744: success