Teaching aims 1. to discuss the issue of gender differences 2. to read the article Gender Roles from...

Teaching aims

• 1. to discuss the issue of gender differences

• 2. to read the article Gender Roles from a

Cutural Perspective intensively

• 3. to focus on the related langugae points

• 4. to further explore this issue through

writing task:

Who Are Teachers’ Pets, Boys or Girls?

Part One

Preparation1. How Is It Possible? 2. Differences Between

Men and Women3. The Gender Survey4. Proverbs and

Quotations

Part One: Preparation >> How Is It Possible?

1. How Is It Possible? STEP ONE Direction: Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

A father and son are driving along the highway 1)______ suddenly their car goes out of 2)______ and 3)____________________ into a tree. The father dies instantly; his son is rushed to the 4)______. He needs an emergency operation. The 5)____________ comes into the operating room, looks at the boy and says, “I cannot 6)__________ on that boy. That boy is my son.”

when

controlcrashes/smashes/bumps hospita

ldoctor/surgeon

operate

Part One: Preparation >> The Gender Survey

STEP TWODirection: Work in groups to discuss the following question based on your opinions in the survey. In what ways do people see women and men as different?

Most people think that women are more emotional and more compassionate than men. They are also viewed as better listeners and better able to do many things at once. Most of us believe women have better “people skills”. We all think that men have a more aggressive nature. They are also more willing to take risks than women. All of the girls in our group believe that men are self-centered.

Part One: Preparation >> Proverbs and Quotations

4. Proverbs and QuotationsDirection: According to relationship counselor John Gray, difficulties in relationships between a man and a woman lie in the lack of understanding and acceptance of the differences between the two sexes. Gray’s famous book “Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus” turned out to be a phenomenal best seller.

In-Class Reading

Gender Roles from a Cultural Perspective

Background Information

Global Reading

Detailed Reading

Post-Reading

Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Global Reading

Global ReadingOrganization AnalysisUnderstanding Specific InformationGroup Discussion


Organization Analysis

1) Introduction (Para. 1)

It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.

2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (Para. 2-4)

Supporting

evidence:

A. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (Para. 2)

B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para. 3)

C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’s assumption. (Para. 4)

>> More details

>> More details

>> More details


3) The educational bias begins at home. (Para. 5)

A. Supporting evidence:

B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more anxious about being “right” in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.

C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.

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i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.

a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.

b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.

2) A:

ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement.

iii) Two examples:

>> details

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i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.

2) B:

ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific “experiment” while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.

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i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the “hard”, “masculine” subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.

a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. b. In Germany, all studies are considered “masculine”, and it is girls who develop reading problems.

2) C:

ii) Three examples:

c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.

>> details

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i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.

3) A:

ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their “goodness” and obedience to rules.

>> details

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Group Discussion

Direction: Work in groups to answer the following questions.

Question 1:

Is it true with Chinese students that boys do better in math and science, while girls have better verbal and reading skills? Explain your answer.

Sample Yes, I think so. As far as I know, most boy students in China do better in math and science. It is fully demonstrated by the number of boy students who have won prizes in the Olympic Science Contests and by the ratio of boy students to girl students in science departments in colleges and universities. Go to

Sample 2


Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading

Detailed ReadingPassage ReadingUnderstanding SentencesWord Study


Understanding Sentences

1. Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.

(ll. 1-3)Transla

tion

在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。

Back to the text


2. “… those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on

to higher achievement.” (ll. 24-26)

To be continued


Translation

那些积极的课堂活动参与者对学习更加乐观有信心，并能在今后取得更大的成就。

The word “develop” is used four times in the passage. The other three sentences are:

“… American boys do, indeed, develop reading

problems…”(ll. 44-45)

Comments


“… and it is girls who develop reading problems.” (ll. 47-48)

“Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual

curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing

with the outside world…” (ll. 54-56)


Back to the text


3. … it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. (ll. 28-30)

You use “alike” after mentioning two or more people, groups, or things in order to emphasize that you are referring to both or all of them.

Comments

Translation

教授们和女生们都发现男孩们正在接管课堂讨论，而女生们积极参与的程度则明显下降。

To be continued



1) Friends and family alike were shocked by the news of her suicide.

2) It caused confusion among allies and adversaries alike.

Example

Comments 1. similar

2. We use “alike” after mentioning two or more people, groups, or things in order to emphasize that we are referring to both or all of them.

alike

Back to the text



4. As an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of

nine, fall behind from then on. (ll. 43-46)

Translation

结果，美国的男孩们确实在阅读上出了问题，而在数学方面女孩尽管在九岁以前一直比男孩强，但此后却落在了他们后面。这成了预言自我应验的一个例子。

Back to the text



5. “…girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their ‘goodness’ and obedience to rules.” (ll. 56-58)

Translation

对女孩的教育使她们对自己家外面的世界充满了恐惧，而且期望别人对自己的优良品格和循规蹈矩加以认可。

The verb phrase “approve of somebody/something” means “feel or believe that somebody/something is good, acceptable or satisfactory”. So in the sentence, “with the desire to be approved of” means “girls have the desire that other people will approve of them”. And “for their ‘goodness’ and obedience to rules” indicates the reasons for other people’s approval.

Comments

Back to the text



6. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being ‘right’ in their answers than in being intellectually independent,

analytical, or original. (ll. 28-30)

Translation

这类教诲从家庭一直延续到课堂。于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖教师，更注重的是作业的形式和整洁而不是内容，更在乎他们所给的答案是否“正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力或创造能力的提高。

To be continued



His rational outlook on science carried over to

child rearing. Example

Comments

句中“ where… or original” 是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面句中的名词 classroom 。

The phrase “carry over” means “to continue to exist or apply in a new situation”.

Back to the text



Word Study

1. to form or make up; be 组成，构成；形成，成为 1) the 50 states that constitute USA

2) Your attitude constitutes a direct challenge to my authority.

2. to formally establish or appoint 制定，设立；任命Governments should be constituted by the will ofthe people.

constitute v.

辨析 comprise

To be continued


辨析 comprise

1. [+n.] to consist of (parts) 包含，包括1) The United Kingdom comprises England, Wales,

Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

2) a commission of inquiry comprising three eminent judges and three members of the public

2. (of parts) to form 组成

Fifteen separate publics comprised the Soviet Union.

To be continued

Word Study


Back to the text

试比较下列用法：1) The United Kingdom consists of / is composed

of / comprises England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

2) England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute/comprise the

United Kingdom.

Word Study


to unite (one thing) with something else already in existence 结合；合并；收编

1) incorporate the letter into her diary

2) incorporate your suggestion into the new plan

3) The small company is incorporated into Haier Group.

incorporate… into…

其他用法 incorporate… with… 合并

Mr. Smith’s company is incorporated with othersmall companies.

Back to the text

Word Study


aspire v.to direct one’s hopes and efforts to some important aim 追求，渴望；有志于

1) an aspiring young actress

2) [+to, after] He aspired after a political career / to the leadership of the party; aspire after truth, aspire to fame

3) [+to-v.] She aspires to become president.

aspiration n.

Back to the text

Word Study


Their friendship developed through their shared interest in the arts.

Warm rains and summer suns develop the crops.

1. grow, increase, or become larger or more complete 培育，发展

2. to cause gradually to acquire a specific role, function, or form （逐步）产生，显现

develop v.

Back to the text

She’s developed some strange habits since she started living on her own.

Word Study


make… possible or available, offer opportunity to…

向 ······ 开门

The establishment of jointventures open the door to wider internationalcooperation.

open the door to

Back to the text

Word Study


subordinate v.[ 与 to 连用 ] to put in a position of less importance 使处于次要地位，使从属于 ······, 放在 ······ 之下

He subordinated his wishes to the general good of the group.

subordination n.

To be continued

Word Study


subordinate adj.[to] of a lower rank or position; less important 下级的，次级的，从属的；不太重要的All other considerations are subordinate to our needfor steady profits.

subordinate n.someone who is of a lower rank in a job, and takes orders from his or her SUPERIOR (= the person higher in rank) 部属，部下，下级

He treats his subordinates very badly.

Back to the text

Word Study


1. factor, element 范围，方面 1) different dimensions to that problem

2) He’s a good newsman and he has that extra dimension.

2. a measure of spatial extent, especially, height, width, and length 维，度，元1) of one dimension 一维的，线性的 of two dimension 二维的，平面的 of three dimension 三维的，立体的

2) Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

dimension n.

Back to the text

Word Study


turn out1. to shut off 关，熄灭（灯、煤气等）

2. to produce or make something 生产，制造 1) The factory turns out 300 units a day.

2) The school has turned out some good scholars.

3. to be found to be 最后结果是，最终成为

The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.

Back to the text

Word Study

turn out the light

Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading

Post-ReadingVocabularyWriting Down the AntonymsFinding the Right Definition

Filling in the Blanks


Vocabulary

Directions: Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form in necessary.

assign noticeably bias constitute genetic postgraduate approve participation deprive unintentional

1) New tests for other dread diseases are appearing almost every day.

2) When teachers homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it. 3) After her illness, she had become thinner.4) I cannot support a policy of which I have never

.

genetic

approved

assign

noticeably


5) “ against girls in not something new; it has existed for a long time in our history,” she argued.

6) No one can function properly if they are of adequate sleep.

7) The local authority decided that the present housing conditions a risk for the mother and baby.

8) The president’s in the economic summit (首脑会议 ) is seen as vital to its success.

participation

constituted

deprived

Bias



9) Perhaps he had slightly misled them, but it was quite .

10) Funding a course is one of the most challenging things people face when considering study. postgradua

te

unintentional


conscious— unconscious positive— negativeencourage— discourage superior— inferiordirectly— indirectly biased— fairsexist— nonsexist limited— unlimiteddependent— independent appropriately— inappropriately


Writing Down the Antonyms

Directions: Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form in necessary.

unconscious negative discourage inferior indirectly fair nonsexist unlimited independent inappropriately



Directions: Complete each of the sentences with one phrase from the box. Change the form if necessary.

fall behind carry over take over

turn out put away call on

1) I’m sure it will all right in the end. 2) Their study shows that sports skills into

personal life. 3) I find myself the boys more often,

because they tend to be the ones having trouble staying on task.

turn out

carry over

calling on


End of In-Class Reading

Go to After-Class Reading

fall behind carry over take over

turn out put away call on

4) I used to have trouble getting all the laundry

before it was time to do the next batch.

5) After her time in hospital, Jenny’s parents are afraid

she has educationally.

6) People are wondering who’s going to __________

when the old president dies.

put away

fallen behind take over

Part Two: After-Class Reading >>

After-Class Reading

Passage 1

Boys Are

Teachers’

Pets

Passage 2

What Kind of

Brain Do You Have?

Part Two: After-Class Reading >> Passage I

critic n. 1. a person who gives judgments about the good and bad

qualities of something, esp. art, music, films, etc., esp. someone who does this as a job [尤指文学 / 艺术 ] 评论家，批评家

She’s the music critic for “The times”.

2. a person who dislikes and expresses strong disapproval of something or someone 吹毛求疵的人，爱挑剔者

1) An outspoken critic of the government’s defence policy.

2) Its’ easy to be an armchair critic. (=do nothing oneself but express disapproval of others)

Words and Expressions


critical adj. 1. of or being a moment of great danger, difficulty, or

uncertainty, when a sudden change to a better or worse condition is likely; of or being a crisis 危急的；紧要关头的；

关键时刻的1) a critical stage in his illness / in the negotiations2) We arrived at the critical moment. 3) The next two weeks will be critical (for the company).

2. providing a careful judgment of the good and bad qualities of something 判断审慎的；评判性的

Her new book received critical acclaim. (=was praised

by the critics)



criticize/criticize v.

1. [for] to judge with disapproval; point out the faults of 批评指责

The report strongly criticizes the police for failing to

deal with this problem.

2. to make a judgments about the good and bad points of 评论

It’s hard to criticize one’s own work.



criticism n.1. (an) unfavorable judgment or expression of disapproval 批评；指责

1) Criticism doesn’t worry me.

2) This decision has come in for (=received) a great deal of criticism.

2. (an example of) the forming and expressing of judgments about the good or bad qualities of anything, esp. artistic work; work of a critic 评论；批评文

literary criticism



disregard v.

to pay no attention to; treat as unimportant or unworthy of notice 不顾，不理会；无视，漠视

1) Mark totally disregarded my advice.

2) He told us to disregard everything we’d learned so far and start again.

3) She completely disregarded all our objections.


ignore overlook neglect辨析

Ignore v. [T] to take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to 不顾；不理；忽视 1) My advice was completely ignored. 2) The government would be unwise to ignore the

growing dissatisfaction with its economic policies.



overlook 1. to have or give a view of from above 俯视，俯瞰 1) Our room / We overlooked the sea. 2) We’re overlooked here. (= the neighbours can see into our house) 2. not to notice; miss 没有注意到，忽视 These little details are easily overlooked. 3. to pretend not to see; forgive 假装没有看见；宽恕 I’ll overlook your mistake this time.

neglect to give too little attention or care to 忽视，忽略 a neglected garden 无人照管的花园

What Kind of Brain Do

You Have?

Passage 2

1. Pre-Reading Questions2. Organization

Analysis3. Words and Expressions4. Key

Sentences5. Main Points

Part Two: After-Class Reading >> Passage II


drive n. 1. [C] an important natural human need which must be

fulfilled 人类的基本欲求，本能的需求

Hunger, thirst, and sex are among the strongest human drives.

2. [U] a forceful active quality of mind that gets things done; Initiative 动力；魄力；能动性

He’s clever but he won’t succeed because he lacks drive.


urge initiative motive motivation辨析


urge initiative motive motivation辨析


urge n.

a strong wish or need

1) powerful sexual urges

2) [+to-v] I had a sudden urge to tell the boss what I thought of him.


initiative n. 1. [U] the ability to make decisions and take actions without

asking for the help or advice of others 【褒】自主决断及行事的能力；主动性

1) I wish my son would show a bit more initiative.

2) Don’t keep asking me for advice; use your (own) initiative.

2. the first movement or action which starts something happening 创始；发端，率先，带头；主动的行动

1) He took the initiative in organizing a party after his brother’s wedding.

2) The government is making some fresh initiatives to try to resolve the dispute.


To be continued


3. [the+S] the position of being able to take action or influence events 能够采取行动或影响事态发展的地位；主动权

Because of a stupid mistake, we lost the initiative in the negotiations; the other side has the initiative now.

4. on one’s own initiative (done) according to one’s own plan and without help; not suggested by someone else 主动地；自主地



motive n. 1. reason for action; that which urges a person to act in

a certain way 动机，目的

1) Jealousy was the motive for the murder / the murder motive.

2) What do you think his motives were in helping us?

3) We had begun to suspect his motives. (= to think that he had acted for bad reasons)




motivation n. [U] the state of being motivated; need or purpose 动力；动机；诱因

1) The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.

2) [+to-v] His parents give him so much that he’s got no motivation to get a job.


claim v. 1. (on, for) to ask for, take, or state that one should have

(something to which one has a right) （根据权利而）对······ 提出要求；索取；认领；声称有 ······ 的权利

1) Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?

2) Old people are entitled to claim a special heating allowance from the government.

3) If no one claims the lost umbrella, the person who found it can keep it.

4) A small terrorist group has claimed responsibility for the bombing in London.


To be continued


2. to declare to be true; state, esp. in the face of opposition; MAINTAIN （尤指面对反对意见）断言；声称；主张；认定

They claim to have discovered / claim that they have discovered a cure for the disease, but this had not yet been proved.

3. to deserve or need 值得，需要（关注或花时间）

This problem claims our undivided attention.


announce denounce declare

assert maintain辨析


announce vt. 1. to make known publicly 通告，公诸于众，宣布

1) They announced the date of their wedding in the paper.

2) (that) The government has announced that electricity charges will go up in the spring.

3) (fig. 喻 ) The bright flowers announced that spring was here. 2. to state in a loud voice （大声）宣布

Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.


3. to read (news) or introduce (a person or act ) on the radio, television, etc. （在电台、电视台）报告（新闻），主持（节目）


denounce v.

to express strong disapproval of, esp. publicly;CONDEMN （尤指公开）指责，谴责；告发

1) The minister’s action was denounced in all the newspapers.

2) She was denounced as a traitor.



declare v.

1. to make known publicly or officially, according to rules, custom, etc. 宣布，宣告，声明

1) Britain declared war on Germany in 1914.

2) Jones was declared the winner of the fight.

3) I now declare this meeting open.

4) The medical examiner declared me fit.


To be continued


1) He declared his loyalty to the government / his total opposition to the plan.

2) She declared (that) she knew nothing about the robbery.

3) She declared herself (to be) a supporter of the cause.

4) The police declared themselves (to be) completely puzzled by the lack of evidence.

3. to make a full statement of (property for which tax may be owed to the government) 申报（纳税）

The customs officer asked me if I had anything to declare.


2. to state or show with great force so that there is no doubt about the meaning 断言，宣称


assert vt. 1. to state or declare forcefully 断言，宣称，声明，力陈

1) She asserted her opinions.

2) Although she was found guilty, she continued to assert her innocence.

3) The government repeatedly asserted that it will not change its policy.

2. to make a claim to; defend (a right or claim) by forceful action （坚决）主张，坚持；维护

1) to assert one’s rights/independence


To be continued


2) He asserted his authority by making them be quiet.

3. assert oneself to show one’s power, control, importance, etc. 显示自己的权力（权威，地位等）；出风头



maintain v.

1. to continue to have, do, etc., as before; Keep up 维持；保持

1) He took the lead, and maintained it until the end of the race.

2) I hope you will maintain your recent improvement.

3) Part of her job is to maintain good relations with our suppliers.


To be continued


1) The railway lines have to be constantly maintained.

2) a well-maintained house

3. to (continue to) argue in favour of or declare to be true; assert 坚决主张；（继续）为 ······辩护

1) Throughout the trial he maintained his innocence.

2) Some people still maintain that the Earth is flat.


2. to keep (something) in good condition by making repairs to it and taking care of it 维修，保养

To be continued


4. to support with money 赡养 ; to keep in existence 维持······ 的存在，使继续存在

He is too poor to maintain his family.

5. to continue in one’s present state or course of action 维持现状

The supplies of food were scarcely enough to

maintain life.


Part Three

Further Development1. Interpreting Opinions 2. Avoiding Sexist Language 3. Avoiding Gender Bias in the Classroom 4. Single-Sex or Co-

Educational ?5. Ideal Wife and Ideal Husband

Part Three: Further Development >> Interpreting Opinions

Interpreting Opinions Step One

Directions: Read the poem by Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) carefully. Work in groups and answer the questions below.

Man for the field and woman for the hearth ( 炉边，喻家庭 )Man for the sword and for the needle sheMan with the head and woman with the heartMan to command and woman to obey;All else confusion. —from The Princess (1847)


SampleSample

The poem can be paraphrased as follows:

Men should work in the field and women in the house;

Men should be trained to fight and women to mend and sew;

Men are motivated by the intellect and women by the heart;

Men are meant to give orders and women to obey orders;

If the roles aren’t divided this way, there will be confusion.


Step Two Directions: Read the following sentences quoted from The Feminine Mystique (《女性的奥秘》 ) by Betty Friedan. Work in groups to answer the questions below.

“A girl should not expect special privileges because of her sex, but neither should she ‘adjust’ to prejudice and discriminations. She must learn to compete not as a woman, but as a human being.”

What would Friedan say about Tennyson’s ideas? Who do you agree with?

SampleSample

Part Three: Further Development >> Avoiding Sexist Language

Avoiding Sexist Language Directions: Sexist language assigns roles or characteristics to people on the basis of gender. One of the most widespread occurrences of sexist language is the use of the pronoun he to refer to someone of unidentified sex. Work in groups and suggest ways of avoiding sexist language.

Sexist Language Nonsexist Languagepoliceman police officerbusinessman businesspersonfireman firefighterchairman chairperson, chair, headworkman worker, laborersalesman salesperson, salesclerk

Sexist Language Nonsexist Languagepoliceman police officerbusinessmanfiremanchairmanworkmansalesman


Sample:

A doctor has little time to

read outside his speciality.

Sexist LanguageSexist Language

A doctor has little time to read outside his or her speciality.

Or: Doctors have little time to read outside their sepcialities.

Nonsexist LanguageNonsexist Language

1) A good surgeon

explains procedures

to his patients.

A good surgeon explains procedures to his or her patients.

Or: Good surgeons explain procedures to their patients.


2) A journalist has to

respect his deadline.


Journalists have to respect their deadlines.

Or: A journalist has to respect his or her deadline.


3) Anyone who knows

the answer should

raise his hand.

Anyone who knows the answer should raise his or her hand.

Or: Anyone who knows the answer should raise their hand.


4) Everyone should admit

his mistakes.


Everyone should admit his or her mistakes.

Or: Anyone should admit their mistakes.


5) None of the students had

the books he deeded. None of the students had the books he or she needed.


6) Everyone hopes that

he will win the

scholarship (奖学金 ).

Everyone hopes that he or she will win the scholarship.

Or: Everyone hopes to win the scholarship.

Or: Everyone hopes that they will win the scholarship.

Sexist LanguageSexist Language Nonsexist LanguageNonsexist Language

Part Three: Further Development >> Avoiding Gender Bias…

Avoiding Gender Bias in the Classroom

Directions: Work in groups to work out for your teacher a list of suggestions for avoiding gender bias in the classroom. Two sample suggestions are provided below for your reference. Sample suggestions:

— Make sure your expectations are the same for all of your students. Both genders can succeed at math, science, language, arts and reading.

— Avoid stereotyping jobs for students such as having girls clean up and boys carry things.

Part Three: Further Development >> Avoiding Gender Bias…

Here are some suggestions for avoiding gender bias in the classroom:

— Use inclusive language. “You guys” may be a popular way of addressing groups, but it’s an example of gender bias.

— Use examples that are gender balanced. If there are none in your textbooks, do some research to find some.

— Search books, posters and other instructional materials for gender balance.

— Try to put girls and boys in non-traditional situations, such as the placement of girls first in this sentence. Isn’t it normally boys, then girls?

SampleSample

— Make the classroom atmosphere one where both girls and boys are encouraged, questioned and reinforced.

— Actively integrate groups by not allowing self-segregation.— Never use gender to group students.

Part Three: Further Development >> Ideal Wife and Ideal Husband

3) capable of understanding her husband4) intelligent and educated5) having the same interests as her husband6) a good cook7) able to care about and educate her child

3) rich4) educated and with a

good career5) kind, generous and

loyal6) reliable and

supportive 7) sharing interests with

his wife

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SampleSample Yes. In my grandparents’ generation, people, especially women, didn’t have to be well educated so long as their husbands could support the family. A preferred virtue of women was being loyal and good at house-keeping. Of course, a woman would like to marry a rich man, but at that time, rich men were hard to find in China. Families were considered to be living a decent life if they could manage to make ends meet. The living standard was very low.

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SampleSample In my parents’ generation, knowledge and money were even less important than family background. The ideal husband and the ideal wife would be both workers. Salary was low for most people and they rarely had a raise. There were no private cars and the great majority of city inhabitants had no private houses or apartments. The ideal husband was the one who had a job in the factory with a steady income and ideal wife was the one who was thrifty and able to take good care of her children. Fortunately the divorce rate was low.

Go to Part 4End of Part 3

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Part Four

Writing and Translation

1. Translation2. Writing

Knowing About TranslationTranslation Practice

Writing Practice

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation

Reference:

教室是男生的天下；即使在他们人数并不占多数时，他们仍占据老师三分之二的注意力。他们被允许取笑女生，他们作业做得马虎却受表扬，要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。男生们已经习惯于做老师的宠儿。如果女生也受到相同的待遇，男生就会抗议，甚至扰乱课堂。

Translation Practice

Writing Practice

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Writing

Directions: Follow the procedure to conduct a survey to find out the students’ view of the following topic:

Procedure:

1) Design a written questionnaire.2) Interview at least 30 students.3) Write a report of your survey, analyzing the answers of the respondents to your questions both in the questionnaire and the interview. Use at least 6 words or phrases in your composition from the list below. Remember to write neatly, whether you are male or female.

Who are Teachers’ Pets, Boys or Girls?


Reference Words

questionnaire statement survey

comment correspond to analyze

be likely to natural fair

prefer perform in addition


This is a difficult question that I can’t really answer on my own, so I made a survey among 30 other students for their opinions. There were 9 boys and 21 girls among them. I gave them each two statements and asked them whether they agreed or disagreed and why. I have chosen some of the interesting comments.

“The teachers’ pets are the top students. That’s fair.” Seventeen students agreed with this opinion. They said it was natural because people always like the best things or the best people. In addition, it is easy for the top students to draw the teachers’ attention. Average students have fewer chances to have close contact with teachers, let alone to be their pets.

Who are Teachers’ Pets, Boys or Girls? Sample 1


“Male teachers tend to like girls better and female teachers tend to like boys better.” Five students agreed with this statement. They said that which gender will be the teacher’s pets depends on the teacher’s gender. Obviously, it is all because of the attraction between the sexes.

Four students didn’t agree with either statement because teachers like boys more than girls. They said that teachers always think boys are smarter than girls. Teachers are used to asking boys to answer questions and letting them do hands-on work. One person said it was not because teachers liked boys better, but because they think girls are afraid of losing face.


Finally, there were four students who thought teachers like girls more than boys because girls are more obedient and neat. They can, and will, help teachers do things. They also said that girls generally got higher marks.

I think teachers in China are fairer than those in the West. When I read “Boys Are Teachers’ Pets” I was surprised. I never thought girls would be ignored even if they were good students. Perhaps some teachers prefer girls in primary school and boys in middle school. But, all in all, I think the top students are always teachers’ pets.


To answer this question, we designed a questionnaire and gave it to 30 students. They just had to put a mark in the square that corresponded to their opinion. We then analyzed the results of our survey. The results of the survey are shown in the following table:

Who are Teachers’ Pets, Boys or Girls?

Who are teachers’ pets? boys girls neither It depends on the teacher

In primary school 6 20 2 2

In junior middle school 10 11 3 6

In senior middle school 15 6 5 4

In college 4 4 16 6

Sample 2


According to the results of the survey, we can see that in primary school girls are thought of as teachers’ pets. When they are very young, boys are naughtier than girls, and the latter are generally very well-behaved.

As they get older, boys are more likely to be teachers’ pets. In middle school, boys perform better in subjects like math and physics. Boys are thought to be cleverer than girls. As teenagers, both girls and boys are well-behaved. Since boys are no longer naughty, it is easier for them to become teachers’ pets.

End of Part 4

Go to Part 5


Most students feel that neither boys nor girls become teachers’ pets in college. Teachers don’t know their students as well as teachers in junior or senior middle school, so they don’t have pets.

According to the results of our survey, we can conclude that whether boys or girls are teachers’ pets depends on their age.

Part Five Quiz

Direction: Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.

1. Model aeroplanes come in pieces which you have to

_____________.

2. A horrific incident took place in the small town, in which 58 boys

were ______________.

3. She continued to care for her father ________ now.

4. Attitudes learned at home ____________ onto the playground.

in the minority light up call on up to carry over for ages put together make a thing of go beyondburn to death/ be burnt to death

put together

burnt to death

up to carry over

Part Five: Quiz >> Filling in the Blanks


5. This ___________ all kinds of acceptable behavior.

6. As the screen ________, he typed in his password.

7. Don’t lie awake ________ wondering why you are not

sleeping.

8. My parents always _____________ my getting good grades.

9. One male teacher says he tends to ________ the girls more

because they’re more focused.

10. Boys are very much ______________ at the dance class.

in the minority light up call on up to carry over for ages put together make a thing of go beyondburn to death / be burnt to death

goes beyond lit up

for ages

make a thing of

Part Five: Quiz >> Filling in the Blanks

call on

in the minority

Part Five: Quiz >> Synonyms

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the words listed above. Change the form if necessary.

1. drive initiative motive motivation urge

1) Because of a stupid mistake, we lost the _________ in the

negotiations; the other side has the initiative now.

2) I had a sudden _______ to tell the boss what I thought of him.

3) Hunger, thirst, and sex are among the strongest human ______.

4) The stronger the _________, the more quickly a person will

learn a foreign language.

5) What do you think his ________ were in helping us?

initiative

urge

drives motivation

motives

Synonyms


2. critic critical criticize/criticise criticism

6) We arrived at the _______ moment.

7) This decision has come in for (=received) a great deal of

________.

8) She’s the music _______ for “The times”.

9) The report strongly _________ the police for failing to

deal with this problem.

critical

criticismcritic

criticizes


3. disregard ignore overlook neglect

10. He told us to _________ everything we’d learned so

far and start again.

11. You’ve been _________ your work.

12. The government would be unwise to _______ the

growing dissatisfaction with its economic policies.

13. I’ll _______ your mistake this time.

disregard

neglecting ignore

overlook


4. claim announce denounce declare assert maintain

14. Everyone was silent as he _________ the winner of the

competition.

15. The government repeatedly _________ that it will not

change its policy.

16. The supplies of food were scarcely enough to ________

life.

17. She _______ herself (to be) a supporter of the cause.

18. The minister’s action was ________ in all the newspapers.

19. If no one _______ the lost umbrella, the person who found

it can keep it.

announced

asserted

maintain

declared

denouncedclaims

End of Part 5

Teaching aims 1. to discuss the issue of gender differences 2. to read the article Gender Roles from...

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