TEACHING ADULTS IN DE FORMAT

A faculty development workshop

Christine Leake, M.S., M.B.A.

Workshop Agenda

Welcome and Introductions

Discussion: Teaching Adults Using Technology

Form: Theory & Principles: Pedagogy vs. Andragogy

Consistency-PIE Model

Measurable Outcomes - More Than Test Scores: Skill Transfer, Engagement, and Motivation Count

Objectives

1. Differentiate the terms Pedagogy and Andragogy

2. Identify Adult Learning Principles

3. Demonstrate a working knowledge of the PIE Model

4. Understand that form and consistency in DE course design impacts measurable outcomes (a

standardized course design lowers frustration, diminishes distractions, and empowers students)

Welcome! Let’s take a few moments to get to know each other.

Please tell us:

• Your name

• What courses you teach

• How long you’ve been teaching

• Whether you’ve taught a DE section

• Your greatest concern surrounding online education

Link & Discuss

Terms

Teacher/Instructor/Professor

Facilitator

Pedagogy

Andragogy

Socratic Teaching Method

Constructivism

Distance Learning (hybrid, online)

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Compare and Contrast

PEDAGOGY VS. ANDRAGOGY WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?“Adult education is a process through which learners become aware of significant

experience. Recognition of significance leads to evaluation. Meanings accompany experience when we know what is happening and what importance the event includes for our personalities” (Knowles, Holton, and Swanson, 2005).

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Reference

Knowles, M.S. Holton, E. F. and Swanson, R. A. (2005). The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult

education and human resource development (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Elsevier Inc.

EXAMPLESCURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT

PEDAGOGY

“In pedagogy, the instructor is in charge of the learning experience. The instructor will control the content, delivery methods, and evaluation processes. In a true pedagogical approach, the passing of an instructor designed or approved examination determines how effectively the students have learned” (Flosi, 2011 para 5).

ANDRAGOGY

“Adults need to understand the applicability of the lesson before they will engage in the learning. In law enforcement training, the subject matter must be relevant, realistic and immediately applicable …. In a survey of officers, they indicated that for learning to transfer, they had to be able to apply the skills and knowledge immediately into their practice” (Flosi, 2011 para 9).

REFERENCE

Flosi, E. (2011). Curriculum development for law enforcement: Pedagogy versus andragogy. Retrieved from:

http://www.Policeone.Com/officer-safety/articles/3773478-curriculum-development-for-law-enforcement-pedagogy-versus-andragogy/

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From theory to principle…

Adult Learning Principles

1. Adults are motivated to learn as they experience needs and interests

that learning will satisfy (immediate and relevant).

2. Adults’ orientation to learning is life-centered.

3. Experience is the richest source for adult learning.

4. Adult’s have a deep need to be self-directing.

5. Individual differences among people increase with age.

Reference

Knowles, M.S. Holton, E. F. and Swanson, R. A. (2005). The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education

and human resource development (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Elsevier Inc.

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Instructional Design

Facilitation

Pedagogy

Adult Learning Principles

Adult Learning Theory or Andragogy

Distance Education

What happens when you put these concepts together?O.1

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the result…

Student – Centered Learning Environments that are layered in theory (form), are designed for consistency, and yield optimal conditions for transfer.

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Instructional Design

Adult Learning Principles

Adult Learning (Andragogy)

Adult Learning Principles

Instructional Design

Distance Education

Pedagogy

Facilitation

Test your knowledge

Pedagogy

Andragogy

Adult Learning Principle

Socratic Teaching Method

Constructivism

Distance Education

1. Hybrid or Blended Learning

2. Questioning is the primary method of

teaching

3. The teacher is responsible for learning

4. The learner is responsible for learning

5. Using one’s life experiences to

construct new meanings and transfer

knowledge

6. Experience is the richest source for

adult learning

A B

Match column A with the correct response in column BCorrect Responses: 3, 4, 6, 2, 5, 1

Instructional Design

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Instructional Design is where learning theory and the learning environment meet. Courses are designed with the students’ needs at the center of the instruction. Student

Learning Theory/Principles

Learning Environment

Instructional Design

Designing DE Courses for Adults

What do we know?

• Adults need to direct their learning experiences

• Adults need relevant learning experiences

• Adults have rich life experiences to draw from

• Adults are responsible for their learning

• Facilitators and designers, design courses with the adult learners’ needs in

mind

• When designing courses we need to consider more than the content, but the

experience the learner will encounter

• Understanding how adults learn allows us to design courses that are

engaging, relevant, and assess for synthesis and transfer

Designing DE Courses for Adults

What resources are available?

Equation

Knowledge + Tools/Resources + Support + Instructional Design Model =

Consistent “Student – Centered” Course Designs

Our goal is to use a Learning Management System (LMS) to design courses using an instructional design model which will yield coursework that is grounded in learning theory, and that is consistent in the online learning environment.

Consistency is form

Why is it important to maintain consistency in DE courses?

When we design courses according to an easy to use model, both the

instructor and student encounter less distractions. Distractions reduce

motivation and engagement. When all faculty members use the same model

of design, all students come to know the model and will know how to navigate

each DE course with ease. When students experience success, they believe

they will be successful in the future. Self efficacy is a key ingredient in an

online learning environment (self directing). A consistent model also allows

students to integrate their current skill-set across the curriculum (relevance).

PIE: An Instructional Design Model

The Newby, Stephich, Lehman, and Russell Model

1. Planning2. Implement-ing3. Evaluating

A model focused on “a shift from a teacher-cen-tered to a learner-centered classroom environ-ment” with use of today’s media technology (Gustafson & Branch, 2002 p. 44).

To Implement is to Do or Act

To Evaluate is to Assess, Modify, and Measure

Reference

Gustafson, K. L. & Branch, R. M. (2002). Survey of instructional development models. Syracuse,

NY: Eric Clearinghouse on Information

To Plan is to Prepare

Planning Implementing Evaluating1.What do the learners need to know (Objectives)?

2.What do they already know (life experiences)?

3.How will they “self direct” through the content?

4.How will I use technology to link the content to my students’ needs for relevant learning experiences?

5.How will I incorporate the lessons from Course Redesign and Adult Learning Theory in my courses?

1. How will I set up my online course so it is easy to use and engaging?

2. How will I address learning preferences in the online portion of this course (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and combination)?

3. How will I know that my students have the minimum computer skills necessary to complete the online portion of the course?

4. How will I incorporate the objectives in every lesson?

1. How will I measure transfer?

2. How will I know when remediation is necessary?

3. How will I know if my students are engaged in the learning process?

4. Am I using technology to motivate my students and keep them engaged or are they frustrated?

5. How will I know if the objectives have been met?

1.

2.

1.

2.

1.

2.

PIE: Facilitator View

Can you think of any other questions that would apply in these sections?

Planning Implementing Evaluating1.What do I need to learn (Objectives)?

2.How does this relate to what I already know or want to know (life experiences)?

3.How much control will I have over my schedule (self direct)?

4.How difficult will it be to navigate through this course? How different is it from the others? How much time is it going to take to learn the process?

1. How will I be able to use my personal experiences to connect to this material?

2. How do I put what I have read into practice when I am not physically in the classroom?

3. How will I know if I have interacted with my peers enough to satisfy the requirements?

4. How will I interact with my classmates’ who have different opinions and perspectives when there is no emotion or body language in the written word (encountered in DE)?

1. What are the grading requirements?

2. How will I know when remediation is necessary?

3. Am I meeting the expectations of the instructor? How do I know? Where can I find feedback on my assignments?

4. How will I know if the objectives have been met?

1.

2.

1.

2.

1.

2.

PIE: Student View

Gagne’s Events of Instruction 1. Gain Attention

2. Introduce Objectives

3. Activate prior learning

4. Present new material

5. Provide opportunities for guided practice

6. Elicit performance

7. Provide feedback

8. Assess performance

9. Enhance retention and transfer

Reference

Smith, P. L. & Ragan, T. J. (2005). Instructional design (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons

P

P

P

PI

I

E

E

E

Can you decide which

event falls in the planning,

implementing, and

evaluation stages of the

design model?

Give PIE a TRY!Use the screen shot from D2L to put the content in the appropriate (PIE) order.

Move these bullet points by “clicking and dragging.”

PIE in PLAY

Below we have a screen shot of Module 1 from Course Redesign. These topics are relevant to designing courses online as well as for demonstrating PIE. Each item under the topic is labeled with the appropriate letter in PIE to demonstrate a how a course should look in the content area.

Let’s take a closer look

Planning• Students are introduced to the objectives and timeline

• Students are asked a question about last week’s assignment

• Students are asked to complete a new reading assignment or to do research on the web.

Implementing• Students are asked to participate in a discussion of pertaining to the new content.

• Students are asked to respond to a minimum of two peers’ responses in the discussion board (Note: discussions must add perspective to the original point)

• Students are provided problem-solving opportunities.

Evaluating• Students are provided feedback from peers and the facilitator

• Students are provided both qualitative and quantitative means of feedback.

Test your knowledgeWhich example illustrates Adult Learning and PIE?

D2L Example: Content Area

MODULE 1

Checklist for Chapter 1

Read Chapter 1

Reading Quiz

Chapter 1 Presentation

Chapter 1 Presentation Quiz

Chapter 1 Video

Chapter 1 Video Quiz

Chapter 1 Discussion (Participation)

Chapter 1 Written Assignment

D2L Example: Content Area

MODULE 1

Welcome video!

Did you know?

Weekly Goals

Chapter 1 – The Law & You

The Law & You Peer Discussion

Test Yourself

Professor Pontiff Presents!

Did you hear the Professor?

Blog it.

Let’s debate!

Closing Arguments

MOTIVATIOND2L Example: Content Area

MODULE 1

Checklist for Chapter 1

Read Chapter 1

Reading Quiz

Chapter 1 Presentation

Chapter 1 Presentation Quiz

Chapter 1 Video

Chapter 1 Video Quiz

Chapter 1 Discussion (Participation)

Chapter 1 Written Assignment

Take a moment to describe a motivated student. How does the quality of work differ between a motivated and unmotivated student? Consider the outline above: Are you motivated by what you see there? How will you use today’s session to design courses using Adult Learning Principles paired with D2L and PIE?O.3

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PIE Applied

Please take a moment to access a course you are facilitating and choose one unit of instruction to modify according to PIE.

Planning (Preparation)Welcome video!

Did you know?

Weekly Goals

Chapter 1 – The Law & You

Professor Pontiff Presents!

Implementing (Action)The Law & You Peer Discussion

Did you hear the Professor?

Blog it

Let’s debate!

Evaluating (Assess & Measure)Test Yourself

Closing Arguments

O.4PIE: Facilitator View

Law School DE Guide

FCSL DE Quality Rubric

PIE Check

1. What was your greatest challenge when modifying your unit of instruction?

2. Do you need additional feedback on applying the PIE model?

Please elaborate

3. Will you use the PIE model when designing DE courses?

4. What do you need in order to use this model with ease?

Thank you for your participation.

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