TDK RF Products Training Module for Digikey - Mouser Electronics · TDK RF Products Training Module...

RF Product Marketing

TDK RF Products

Training Module for Mouser

Jan, 2011


TDK RF OverviewIntroduction to TDK RF Components and their applications


What is a BPF/LPF/Diplexer/Coupler/Balun?

BPF

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0

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Frequency(M H z)

Attenuatio

n

Frequency band

A device that passes frequencies within

A certain range and rejects (attenuates)

un-wanted signals.

LPF

S21

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0

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Frequency(M H z)

Attenuation

Frequency band

A device that allows signals below a

designated frequency to pass and

rejects the un-desired upper frequency

signals.

Coupler

PACoupler

A device that is used to monitor a signal

Without interrupting the signal.

Diplexer

S21

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0

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Frequency(M H z)

Attenuation

A device that Routes two different

frequencies from a common port

(example: One antenna port can route

2.4GHz and 5GHz signals)

BalunBalun

A device that converts between Balanced

to Unbalanced electrical signals.


What is a BPF?• A Band Pass Filter allows a desired frequency range to pass through

while attenuating (rejecting) unwanted frequencies. For example a

desired Cellular or WLAN frequency can be allowed to pass while

rejecting other unwanted radio frequencies.

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0

1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3

Frequency[GHz]

Ga

in[d

B] Attenuation

(Highband)

Attenuation

(Lowband)

Pass band

Reference characteristics

BPF

Operation Principal

A BPF circuit consists of Inductors and

capacitors built into Dielectric ceramic

creating a resonance frequency. This

resonance frequency provides

attenuation at certain frequencies.


What is a LPF/HPF?

• A Low Pass Filter (LPF) allows signals below a pre-decided frequency

to pass while rejecting signals above it. A High Pass Filter (HPF) is

the opposite, it allow higher frequencies to pass while rejecting lower

frequencies.

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0

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Frequency(MHz)

Ga

in(d

B)

Pass band

(Necessary signal)

Attenuation range

(Unnecessary signal)

0

-10

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Frequency(MHz)

Ga

in(d

B)

Pass band

(Necessary signal)

Attenuation range

(Unnecessary signal)

Reference characteristics

LPF HPF

Operation Principal

A LPF/HPF consists of a circuit of

Inductors (L) and capacitors (C) built into

Dielectric ceramic. When the L and C’s

are connected in parallel, the resulting

high impedance created rejects signals

at the resonant frequency. When the L

and C’s are connected in serial, the

resulting low impedance created allows

signals to pass at the resonant frequency

range. These combinations of

inductors and capacitors create the HPF

or LPF.


What is a Diplexer?• Diplexers are 3-port filters that divide two frequencies from a common

port. A Typical application is a diplexer for WLAN, this diplexer

receives the WLAN signal from the antenna port and directs the signal

to either the High band (5GHz) or the Low band (2.4GHz).

COMMON

(Antenna）

High Band Low Band

LPF

(BPF)HPF

(BPF)

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0

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Frequency[MHz]

Ga

in[d

B]

Lowband (824-960MHz)

-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400

Frequency[MHz]

Ga

in[d

B]

Highband(1710-1990MHz)

Operation Principal

A diplexer is a combination of a LPF or BPF

at the low band and a HPF or BPF at the high

band.

Basic conceptReference characteristics

Low band

High band


What is a Balun?• A balun transformer converts an unbalanced signal into a balanced

signal or a balanced signal into an unbalanced signal. A balun can

also provide an impedance matching function. In a WLAN system a

balun is used on the transmit signal path between the RF-IC (Balanced

signal) and the Power Amplifier (Unbalanced signal). The balun

performs as a balanced to unbalanced signal transformer and an

Impedance matching transformer.

Equivalent Circuit

4 Quarter Wave-length

Resonators

BALANCED OUTPUT

UNBALANCED

INPUT

Electric field

maximum

Magnetic coupling maximum

Current maximum

Electric field

maximum

An induced current

＋－

An induced current

Operation Principal

A balun circuit is created by coupling two

pairs of λ/4 resonators each with a unique

operating frequency wavelength. A balanced

signal is produced by coupling resonators of

equal size and its phase reversed 180

degrees. The impedance is adjusted by a

combination of the pattern width and distance

within the balun.


What is a Coupler?• Also known as a Directional Coupler. This device is used to monitor

information on a signal (Ex. Frequency, power level) without

interrupting the main system power path. In a WLAN system a coupler

is sometimes used to monitor the output signal and control the PA

output.

Main currentIN OUT

L1

L2

C1 C2

MONITOR

M

LOAD

(50ohm)

L2

weakenstrengthen

Operation Principal

Basically, a coupler function has a combination of two

inductor and capacitors existing in near proximity that the

power is coupled from one signal line to another.

Tx

Directional

CouplerPA

Detection, AGC Circuit

INOUT

MONITOR LOAD

(50ohm)

(Pick up a part of PA) (Feedback to PA)

Equivalent Circuit The example of practical use


What is an antenna?• An Antenna is a component used for receiving or transmitting Electro-

magnetic waves. An antenna converts an electrical current into an

electron-magnetic wave or vice versa. An antenna radiates an

electromagnetic field (wave) in response to applying a voltage and

current. Each wavelength has a specific frequency and wavelength

(the length of an electric wave). The wavelength is inverse proportion

to the value of frequency. The size of an antenna is based on this

wavelength. Usually an antenna is a ½ or ¼ wavelength.

Antenna Radiation Patterns


RF Components for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

• What is 802.11a/b/g/n

– 802.11a/b/g/n refer to the WLAN standards created by the IEEE (Institue of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.). These WLAN standards are used to create interoperable WLAN products.

– The original WLAN products were 802.11b followed by 802.11a.

– The most popular WLAN products today are 802.11g which use the same frequency (2.4GHz) and are backward compatible to 802.11b products.

– 802.11n is the next proposed standard. This uses a Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. 802.11n products can work in either 2.4GHz or 5GHz

– TDK has components for use in 2.4GHz and 5GHz WLAN systems

Protocol Release Date Op. Freq. Data Rate Range (Indoor)Range (Outdoor)

*include one wall

802.11a 1999 5GHz 54Mbit/s - 35 meters - 120 meters

802.11b 1999 2.4GHz 11Mbit/s -38 meters -140 meters

802.11g 2003 2.4GHz 54Mbit/s -38 meters -140 meters

802.11n 20092.4GHz

5GHz248Mbit/s -70 meters -250 meters


RF Components for WLAN• Block Diagram (IEEE802.11a/b/g Dual Band)

Diplexer

2.4GHz

ANT

PA

RF IC

5 GHz

Diplexer

ANT

Rx Path

Tx Path

ANT

for WLAN

SW

PA

LNA

BalunBPF

BalunBPF

BalunBPF

BalunBPF

Balanced BPF

Balanced BPF

Balanced BPF

Balanced BPF

5 GHz

2.4GHz

ExampleLNA


TDK RF Components for Bluetooth

• Bluetooth Block diagram

BASE BAND

IC

TX

RX

Transceiver

ICANT SWBPF

ANT

Balun

Balun

Example 2

BPF

ANT

Base band

Balun

Switch

Transceiver

Balanced BPF

Example 1

Balanced impedance can

be optimized to match the Bluetooth IC

Balanced impedance can

be optimized to match the Bluetooth IC


TDK RF Components for WiMAX• WiMAX Block diagram (Dualband)

Diplexer

Rx BPF

Rx BPF

Balun

Balun

Diplexer

Tx BPF

Tx BPF

PA

PA

Tx BPF

Tx BPF

Balun

Balun

RF-IC

3.5G Rx

2.5G Rx

3.5G Tx

2.5G Tx

LNA

LNA

Balanced BPF

Balanced BPF

Example

Receive

Transmit


TDK RF Components for UWB

• UWB Block diagram

Baseband

A/D

D/A

TransceiverT / RFilter

Balun

Balun

Caps and Inductors

Crystal

Baseband

A/D

D/A

Transceiver

T / R Filter Balun

Caps and Inductors

Crystal

T / R Filter Balun

Example 2Example 1


TDK RF Components


TDK RF Overview• Why is TDK manufacturing RF components?

– TDK has been instrumental in the development of

RF technologies for over 15 years. TDK RF

components use the same Low Temperature Co-

fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology used in our

ceramic capacitors and inductors. TDK RF

components are designed to meet critical real-

world applications from leading RF IC

manufacturers.


Why Use TDK Components ?

• Miniature Size– As Wireless systems continue to be used in more

and more applications, the need for smaller RF components increases. TDK’s continuous materials development allows us to design smaller RF components without sacrificing performance and quality.

• TDK RF components are developed for specific IC’s & applications– TDK works with Industry leading RF IC

manufacturers to create RF components for use in WLAN, WiMAX, Bluetooth and UWB systems.


TDK R&D Corporation

Phoenix, USA

TDK RF Solutions

Austin, USA

TDK Corporation

Tokyo, Japan

TDK Electronics Ireland

Dublin, Ireland

TDK Maintains RF Design centers in Japan, Ireland and the US. These

design centers are located close to our customers and partners to

provide direct and close communications.

Global Presence : World-Wide Technical Support


Summary• TDK RF Components are designed for use in

various wireless technologies. TDK products provide the performance, size and cost targets to meet your RF product requirements. For more information please contact:

• Contacts

• TDK Website Links– http://www.tdk.co.jp/tefe02/rf_network.htm

• Links to Mouser’s TDK Parts List

TDK RF Products Training Module for Digikey - Mouser Electronics · TDK RF Products Training Module...

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