J.K. J.K. J.K. J.K.

MANDALMANDALMANDALMANDAL

Dean, Faculty of Dean, Faculty of Dean, Faculty of Dean, Faculty of

Engineering, Technology & Engineering, Technology & Engineering, Technology & Engineering, Technology &

ManagementManagementManagementManagement

Professor, Department Professor, Department Professor, Department Professor, Department

ofofofof ComputerComputerComputerComputer Science Science Science Science

&&&& EngineeringEngineeringEngineeringEngineering

University of KalyaniUniversity of KalyaniUniversity of KalyaniUniversity of Kalyani

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University of KalyaniUniversity of KalyaniUniversity of KalyaniUniversity of Kalyani

Kalyani, Nadia, West Kalyani, Nadia, West Kalyani, Nadia, West Kalyani, Nadia, West

BengalBengalBengalBengalEEEE----mail:jkmandal@klyuniv.ac.inmail:jkmandal@klyuniv.ac.inmail:jkmandal@klyuniv.ac.inmail:jkmandal@klyuniv.ac.in, , , ,

jkm.cse@gmail.comjkm.cse@gmail.comjkm.cse@gmail.comjkm.cse@gmail.com

Mobile: 91 9434352214Mobile: 91 9434352214Mobile: 91 9434352214Mobile: 91 9434352214

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TCP / I P TCP / I P TCP / I P TCP / I P

COMPONENTS COMPONENTS COMPONENTS COMPONENTS

TCP/IP was architected machine

independent and is a client/server

technology at the application layer. A

client initiates (invokes) an

application, and servers serve the

requests of clients. Because of

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requests of clients. Because of

TCP/IP's design, TELNET (the

application for remote logons) has a

client and server, just as FIP (the

application used for file transfers) and

SMTP (the application used for E-

Mail). Notice figure 3.1 where

TELNET, FIP, SMTP, and other

services reside at the application level 2

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Other application layer components

exist. X is a protocol and provides a

distributed window environment. It permits

request responses between X client

applications and an X server. X includes

the ability of an X client executing on one

machine to operate against

an X server on another machine thus

enabling a distributed windowing

environment. Some X basic components

include:

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include:

� X Server- A program providingdisplay services on a terminalsupporting graphics at therequest of an X client application.

� X Client-A program using theservices provided by an X Server.

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�X Window Manager-This programhelps in resizing windows,modifying windows, andrelocating windows.

�X Library-This contains theinterface for applicationprogramming. It consists of Clanguage subroutines. Onefunction of the XLIB is to convertX client requests

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X client requestsinto X protocol requests.

�X Toolkits-This is a softwarelibrary providing high levelfacilities for implementingbuttons, menus, etc.

�Widgets-A widget is an X window,additional data, and proceduresused toperform operations on that data.

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� Kerberos is a security protocol used withTCP/IP and operates by an authenticationserver, and by a "ticket" granting server. Forexample, a client requests a "ticket" to meet.the "ticket" granting server, thus achievingauthentication. Once authentication is achievedthe "ticket" is presented to the "ticket" grantingserver giving the client the ability to use aparticular service.

� Common Information Management Service(CMIS) is a management service offered by theCommon Management Information Protocol(CMIP). CMIP is an OSI method of network

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(CMIP). CMIP is an OSI method of networkmanagement. When CMIP managementfunctions are mapped to the TCP/IP suite ofprotocols it is called Common InformationManagement Service over TCP/IP (CMOT).When it is mapped to the TCP/IP protocol suiteit uses TCP for a transport connection. Figure 1illustrates how CMIP operates over TCP. CMIPuses Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1), alanguage defined by Internet standarddocuments. ASN.1is a language for writing clear and uniformdata type definitions used in the managementfunction.

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� Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

uses UDP (to be discussed in greater detail later)

for a transport mechanism. It uses "traps" to

report events including variables pertaining to

the status of a host and "agents" that are

processes in a host which get and set specific

requests and additionally send trap messages. As

of this writing, SNMP is very popular for

TCP/IP management.

� Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) are programs

permitting applications to call a routine

executing a server; in turn the server returns

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executing a server; in turn the server returns

variables and return codes to the requester.

Simply, it is a mechanism implemented to

support distributed computing via a

client/server model.

� Network File Server (NFS) is a collection of

protocols produced by SUN Microsystems and

uses a distributed file system allowing multiple

computers supporting NFS to access each other's

directories transparently.7

� Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) uses UDP;

it has no security such as FTP that utilizes TCP

as a transport mechanism. It is a very simple

means of file transfer and not robust when

compared to FTP.

� Domain Name Service, also called the Domain

Name System (DNS), is a distributed database

system of IP addresses and aliases. It resolves

addresses of hosts in order to

establish contact with the target host. DNS was

'created to solve the problem of maintaining a

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'created to solve the problem of maintaining a

host file on each host participating in' a TCP/IP

network. The host file consists of IP addresses

and aliases, and each time a host or network is

added or taken

away the host file would need changing. DNS

was designed to forego the constant updating of

each host file on every host.

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THE ENDTHE ENDTHE ENDTHE END

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