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Titel presentatie[Naam, organisatienaam]
Working Day - Track: Academic TrackCluster Evaluation
Teresa Verduzco-Garza,Universidad de Monterrey
Important Factors related to increase transportation competitiveness
through a Logistic cluster (Pilot Test)
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Teresa Verduzco-GarzaUniversidad de Monterrey, México
November 10th, 2016REG-613556
Academic Track
Important Factors related to increase transportation competitiveness through a Logistic cluster (Pilot
Test)
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Content
• Introduction• The Theory behind the Clusters for
competitiveness• Logistics gives more power to Supply Chain
Integration• Logistic cluster competitiveness• Logistic cluster clue variables• Data analysis (Pilot test)• Conclusion and next steps
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Introduction
• Through the supply chain, goods transportation has represented an important link in order to increase competitiveness for organizations, both manufacturing and services.
• In fact, it is important to develop strategies to intensify the service level for being competitive in a specific location.
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The Theory behind the Clusters for
competitiveness
“A cluster is a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities”
(M. E. Porter, On Competition, 1998)
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The Theory behind the Clusters for
competitiveness
ENTERPRISE GROWTH
• Cost reduction• Easier and faster
response• Access to more and
sophisticated markets• Accelerate innovation• Enterprises more
productive and profitable
REGIONAL GROWTH
• Increase investment attractiveness
• High potential for new jobs
• Labor and operations sophistication
• More competitive region
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Logistics gives more power to Supply Chain
Integration
• Inventory• Postponem
ent• Packaging • Load the
truck operation
• Road From A to B point
• On Time• Fulfill• Safe
• Transaction time
• Transaction cost
• Forwarder
• Cross Dock• Mode
Change• Load
Consolidation (before or after the custom)
• Cost• Expeditious• Safety and
trustful
Define and select trustful suppliers for the different stages: • Tier 1• Tier 2• Tier 3
WarehousingTransportati
on / Distribution
/ Consolidatio
n
Custom / Internation
al TradeHUB Internation
al Transportat
ion
Logistic Specialized Operations
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Some important actors
Tier 3
Tractor Enterprise
Plane (air Transportation)Railroad (Ground Transportation)Ship (Maritime Transportation
Road TrucksWarehouse, packaging, last assemblyCustomsTraceability providersSoftware
Mechanical Repairs and spare partsEnergy, Oil, GasInsurance
Trucks, ships, planes, locomotives providersRoute infrastructure
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Measuring Global Logistics Clusters Performance
• GCI: Global competitiveness Index– Market efficiency
(goods)– Technology
development– Market size– Sophistication– Innovation
• LPI: Logistic Performance Index– Customs – Infrastructure– Ease of arranging
shipments – Quality of logistics
services – Tracking and tracing – Timeliness
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What makes transportation competitiveness increases
through a Logistics cluster?Diversification
Horizontal IntegrationTran
spor
tati
on
com
peti
tive
ness
in a
Lo
gist
ic C
lust
er
CauseEffect
Strategic Alliances
Geography and Location of the logistic activity concentration
Logistic chains amplification
Traceability and reliability of delivering
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Y: CompetitivenessThe ability to produce goods and services with superior quality and lower price than competitors.It has its roots on productivity.Capacity of the industry to innovate in their way to compete.
(Porter, 1990)
Contribution Authors Model• Stimulate the competitive
advantages development in suppliers
• Extended value systems based on technology
Scheel & Parada (2008)
WIT (Wealth – Innovation – Technology)
• Drivers of productivity and prosperity on a national economy
• Impact of integrated logistics elements in competitiveness
WEF Global competitiveness Report (2016)
GCI (Global Competitiveness Index)
LPI (Logistic Performance Index)
For this study, one way to measures this variable is road miles traveled increase
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X1: Diversification
• Transport Diversification means the exchange on transportation capacity with other logistics firms, both using others firms capacity and other firms using ours; including fleet sharing, load consolidation between different firms, load decentralization and the measurement of the transport capacity use, looking forward to reduce transportation costs.Authors Indicators
van den Heuvel F. P., de Langen, van Donselaar, & Fransoo, 2012
Thomas (2003), Bowen (2008), citados por van den Heuvel, y otros, (2013)
• Load capacity sharing with other firms• Concentrate goods from other modal
transport associated firms• Decentralization of the load in an specific
hub• Increase transported volume per
transportation unit• Reduce transportation costs
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X2: Strategic Alliances
• To launch strategic alliances to maximize the associated firms’ strengths and to integrate transportation chains to offer a complete service to benefit their customers and themselves.
Authors IndicatorsPorter, Takeuchi, & Sakakibara, (2000)
Ketels, Lindqvist & Sölvell (2006)
Van den Heuvel, de Langen, van Donselaar, & Fransoo (2012)
• Collaboration as a sharing value between the partners
• Association in specific sectors (logistics in this case)
• Logistics parks• Associate different firms because of their
geographical nearness
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X3: Logistic chains amplification
• Integration of different firms mainly in logistics activities related, to amplify the set of services offered to customers to become more productive and competitive.
Authors Indicators
A. Gunasekaran (2001)Porter, Takeuchi, & Sakakibara, (2000)
Van den Heuvel, de Langen, van Donselaar, & Fransoo (2012)
• Quantity of links and associated firms in the same logistic chain service
• Increase of their miles traveled with the same unit
• Improvement on customer service levels• Increase on quantity of the offered services• Productivity increase of each firm
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X4: Geography and Location of the logistic activity concentration
Logistic firms concentration density in the same geographical space, to create global activity networks for creating value and increasing their own productivity, easily responding to demand variations.Those specific geographical concentrations looking forward to improve the regional economic development.
Authors Indicators
Porter (2003)
van den Heuvel y otros (2012)
Rivera & Sheffi (2014)
• LQ: Location Quotient• HCLQ: Horizontal Clustering Location
Quotient• LEP: Logistics Establishment Participation• Transportation efficiency• Easiness to response on demand variations• Improve regional economic development
YES! … Location Matters…
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X5: Horizontal Integration
Different firms offering similar logistic services to attend different markets, but maintaining their own independence, improving in cost reductions through consistent cooperation between independent firms.
Authors IndicatorsCruijssen (2007)
Cruijssen, Cools, & Dullaert (2005)
Mercado y Martínez (2010)
Schmoltzi y Wallenburg (2011) (2012)
• Firms independence through an association• Cooperation between enterprises• Mutual influence between the associated
firms• Open communication
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X6: Traceability and reliability of delivering
Ability of the logistic firm to always deliver what was promised, maintaining an outstanding and consistent quality perceived by their customers and generating trust with their customers.Authors IndicatorsPorter M. E, 2003
van den Heuvel F. P., de Langen, van Donselaar, & Fransoo, 2013
Rivera, Sheffi, & Welsch, 2014
Kottler, 2001
Rajwinder Singh, 2010Vega Muñoz & Reinoso Alarcon, 2014
A. Gunasekaran 2004
• Consistency on delivered merchandise• Service Level• Flexibility• Customer loyalty• Fulfillment• Innovation increase• Highly specialization
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Measurement (Pilot Test)
• Trucks Road carriers• In Nuevo Leon Region• Between 2016 and 2017• Using a 6 points Likert scale
questionnaire• Data treatment with a
Multivariate analysis technique (Linear Regression)
Pretends to test if the 6 named clue variables are influent on a logistic cluster competitiveness in Nuevo León region.
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Pilot Test (Preliminary Results using Cronbach
Alpha)
X1: Transportation DiversificationX2: Strategic AlliancesX3: Logistic Chains AmplificationX4: Geography and Location of the
logistic activity concentrationX5: Horizontal integrationX6: Traceability and reliability of
delivering
Y1:Road truck carriers competitiveness in a Logistic Cluster
X1a: 0.83
X4a: 0.89
X3a: 0.12
X2a: 0.93
Y1
X5a: 0.87
X6a: 0.94
H1+
H2+
H3+
H4+
H5+
H6+
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Linear Regression Model
• For this pilot test, the regression model shows that HI (Horizontal Integrations) are not significant.
• Some correlation were found in the pilot test model, needed to be fixed.
• Factor analysis of the pilot test suggests 4 variables to analyze (still very few data).
• Regression analysis eliminated variable “Horizontal Integration” with low significance.
Y= 1.33 + 0.30 DT + 0.401 AE + 0.261 LG + 0.372 FE
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Conclusion
• According to the significance, the clue variables to stimulate competitiveness for a truck carrier in NL Region are:
– Traceability and reliability of delivering– Strategic Alliances– Geography and Location– Transportation Diversification
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Future Analysis
• Gather more data to complete the total sample
• Full Linear Regression Analysis
• Test the hypothesis (Not accept or Not reject)
• Final conclusions of the complete model
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Information
Thank YouTeresa Verduzco-Garza
Universidad de MonterreyEngineering professor and researcher
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References• [1] (Book) A. Marshall, Principles of Economics, London: Macillan, 1890• [2] (Journal) M. E. Porter, Harvard Business Review, 1998, 77-90• [3] (Journal) H. Etzkowitz, W. Hillerbrand, D. Messner and J. Meyer-Stamer, Research Policy, 2000,
29, 109-132• [4] (Journal) L. Lazzeretti, Economía Industrial, 2006, 59-72 • [5] (Document) A. M. Celis, D. Martinez and J. Felix, Identificación de clusters económicos de la
ciudad de México, 2012, retrieved from http://www.izt.uam.mx/sotraem/Documentos/AMET2011/REC/TEXTO/11-13/11_04.pdf
• [6] (Conference) C. Ketels, G. Lindqvist and Ö. Sölvell, Cluster initiaties in developing and transition economies, Center of strategy and competitiveness, Stockholm, 2006.
• [7] (Book) Y. Sheffi, Handbook of Global Logistics, 1st ed. Springer, chapter 19, 463-500• [8] (Journal) L. Rivera, Y. Sheffi and R. Welsch, Transportation Journal Research Part A, 2014, 59,
222-238• [9] (Journal) Y. Chai and F. Yang, The international Journal of interdisciplinary social sciences,
2011, 29-39• [10] (Journal) C. Schmoltzi and C. M. Wallenburg, International Journal of Physical Distribution
and Logistics Management, 2011, 552-576• [11] (Journal) F.. Cruijssen, W. Dullaert and H. Fleuren, Transportation journal, 2007, 22-39• [12] (Conference) SEDEC. Programa de Desarrollo innovador 2013-2018• [13] (Conference) N. Gonzalez-Parás and CECIC, Programa regional de competitividad e
innovación• [14] (Conference) J. Parada, Nuevo León impulsando la economía y Sociedad del Conocimiento,
2014, 5-7