Taxonomy - Plainvie · What is taxonomy? Taxonomy is the grouping and naming of organisms...
Transcript of Taxonomy - Plainvie · What is taxonomy? Taxonomy is the grouping and naming of organisms...
What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the grouping and naming of organisms
Biologists who study this are called taxonomists
How did it start?
People wanted to organizetheir world so they began grouping, or classifyingeverything they saw.
To give every species a name based on a standard methodso scientists from different countries can talk about the same animal without confusion
How many living things
(species) do you think are there
on Earth?
Scientist have identified over 2 million
but...
Scientist project that there are more likely
10 million species on Earth!!!!
(We just have not found them all yet.)
Imagine a room filled with every person in the
state of NY.
There may be some people from Nassau County
There may be some people from your town
There may be some people that live on your street.
You will be the only one that lives in your house.
#123
1st Street
Plainview
New York
Nassau
There may be some people from Nassau County
There may be some people from your town
There may be some people that live on your street.
You will be the only one that lives in your house.
The most general
group you belong to is the state.
The most specific group you belong to is
the house.
The more levels you share with others,
the more you have in
common.
The Seven Level System
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
KingPhillipCalledOprahForGoodSpices
Levels of Classification
K __________
P __________
C __________
O __________
F __________
G __________
S __________
How does it work?
There are 6 broad kingdomsEvery living thing that we know of fits into one of the six kingdomsEach level gets more specific as fewer organisms fit into any one group
Kingdoms
Any grouping of organisms into a kingdom is based on several factors:–Presence of a nucleus
–Unicellular or multi-cellular
–How organisms get their food.
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Each living species can only belong to one Kingdom.
Now, within each Kingdom, species are further subdivided other categories. For each Kingdom, there are 6 levels of further classifications called “TAXA.”The Six “Taxa” from Largest Taxa to Smallest
1. Phylum
2. Class
3. Order
4. Family
5. Genus
6. Species
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Six Taxa of all Kingdoms
Phylum:
This group is the largest of the 6 taxa.
Chordata = have a backbone
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The “Class” is the second largest of
the Taxa after Phylum.
Polar bears, black bears, pandas,
foxes and squirrels all are in the
Class Mammals.
. Class: A class is a group of
similar “Orders.”
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For example polar bears and black bears
belong to the same Order called Carnivora.
These animals are meat eaters.
Orders are smaller than
classes.
The organisms are more similar
to one another.
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Family: is a group of similar genera.
For example: The bear, polar bears, black
bears, and pandas all are part of the Family
Ursidae.
This is the third smallest of the taxa.
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Genus is a group of similar species.
This is the second smallest of the taxa.
For example grizzly bears belong to the
Genus Ursus.
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Species, a group of organisms in a
population that can interbreed and produce
fertile offspring.
This is the smallest and most specific of the
taxa.
Only one kind of organism is found in a
species.
Polar bears belong to the species maritimus.
Ursus maritimus
Who is Carolus Linnaeus?Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist
Developed a 7-level (taxa) classification system based on similarities between organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
Linnaeus devised a system of naming organisms.
Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on their observable features.
Binomial Nomenclature
Bi means two
Nomen means name
A binomial nomenclature is a classification system using two names to identify an organism
An animal is known by two names…
Canis lupus is the scientific name for a gray wolf.
This system uses a binomial nomenclature
Quick Review
What are the seven taxa or levels?
Who designed the system?
What taxa are organisms named with?