Taxonomy Chapter 3 Reference Text: PCI LIFE SCIENCE.
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Transcript of Taxonomy Chapter 3 Reference Text: PCI LIFE SCIENCE.
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Taxonomy
Chapter 3Reference Text:
PCI LIFE SCIENCE
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Chapter 3 - Section 1
TAXONOMY
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What is Taxonomy?
Taxonomy - the classification of organisms• The classification of
organisms is called taxonomy.
• Since ancient times, scientists have studied organisms and put them into groups based on their similarities.
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What is Taxonomy?
For example, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle classified all living things as either plants or animals.
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What is Taxonomy?
Hundreds of years later, Carolus Linnaeus came up with the modern way of classifying and naming living things.
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What is Taxonomy?
Organisms were classified into groups based on shared characteristics, from the most general to the most specific.
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What is Taxonomy
Over the years, additional classifications have been created as scientists have discovered organisms that have never been described before.http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/news-20-years-rapid-assessment-programs-species-findings?image=1
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What is Taxonomy?
These are the seven current divisions for organisms, from the most general to themost specific:
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What is Taxonomy?
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What is Taxonomy?
Kingdom is the most general division.Each kingdom is divided into more specific divisions.
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What is Taxonomy?
The most specific division is the species. So, each species belongs to a genus, each genus belongs to a family, each family belongs to an order, each order belongs to a class, and each class belongs to a phylum…
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What is Taxonomy?Finally, each phylum belongs to one of the six kingdoms.
Achaebacteria
Eubacteria
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What is Taxonomy?For example, look at the diagram below. It shows the classification of a Lion, from the most general to the most specific divisions.
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Chapter 3 - Section 2
HOW ORGANISMSARE CLASSIFIED
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KingdomsThe six-kingdom system is the most popular method of classification.The six kingdoms:1. Animalia2. Plantae3. Protista4. Fungi5. Archaebacteria6. Eubacteria
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Kingdoms
You are a member of the kingdom Animalia, which includes all animals, like cats,fish, and insects.
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Kingdoms
You are probably also familiar with the kingdom Plantae, which includes all plants, like grasses, trees, ferns, and mosses.
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Kingdoms
However, you might not be as familiar with the other four kingdoms.
3. Protista4. Fungi5. Archaebacteria6. Eubacteria
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KingdomsThe kingdom Protista is made up of tiny organisms that can only be seen through a microscope.They include single-celled organisms and a few that have many cells. Algae are partof the kingdom Protista.
Animal Like – move around and eat other organisms
Plant Like – contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Fungus Like – made of threadlike fibers
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KingdomsThe kingdom Fungi is made up of mushrooms, molds, and other organisms that are similar to plants but that do not make their own food.
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KingdomsThe kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are made up of bacteria, like the bacteria that cause strep throat.
They have their own kingdoms because even though bacteria are single-celled organisms, they are different from protists.
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Phylum
Each organism is also part of a phylum.The plural of the word "phylum" is "phyla." The word "phylum" is used to describe animals and plants.
Phylum Chordata
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Phylum
Organisms are classified into phyla by the way their internal parts are organized. There are about 35 phyla.
Phyla ‘Chordata’ – all organisms have aspinal ‘chord’
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Class, Order, Family
Organisms are further divided into smaller and more specific subgroups.These groups include:class, order, and family.
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Genus
Genus is the second-most specific grouping in the scientific classification of organisms.The plural of the word "genus" is "genera." A genus has at least one species.
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Species
Species are the most specific classification group. A species is made up of all the organisms of the same type that can reproduce young of the same kind.
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Species
Each species is identified by a scientific name of two words.
The first name is the genus to which the organism belongs. The second name is the species of the organism.
Canis familiaris
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Species
The scientific name that identifies humans is Homo sapiens. The first word names the genus, and the second word names the species.
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Species
The scientific name is written with the first letter of the Genus capitalized and the first letter of the species name with a lower case letter.In the written text you will always find the scientific name italicized.
Canis familiaris