TATION

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Agriculture and Nature PanelStockholm 2011

Nick Hutchings, Barbara Amon and Rainer Steinbrecher

1

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Agriculture and Nature Panel agenda

Workplan 2010-2011 (Nick) Status NMVOC emissions Status NH3 emissions from mineral fertilisers NH3 emissions from biogas plants

Revisit NH3 emissions from crops (Nick) Information on other relevant activities (Barbara)

Overview on the DireDate project Overview on TFRN / EPMAN activities Implied emission factor project New manure management survey in Switzerland

Workplan 2011-2012 (Nick)

2

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Workplan 2010-2011

Review of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions from manure management systems (4B).

Review of ammonia emissions from fertilisers (4D).Update information on NMVOC emissions from natural vegetation

Develop methodology for ammonia emissions from biogas facilities (4B)

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management - background

Organicmatter

Small organiccompounds

Methane +Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Anaerobic

Aerobic

fastslow

fast

NMVOC

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management - background

Emission is likely to depend on:Climate (particularly temperature)Storage conditions (e.g. access of air)Duration of storage

Storage can be in animal housing or slurry tank etc

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management - background

Guidebook recognizes existence of emissions but provides no methodology

Previous attempt – unrealistically high emission factors

Were aware of ongoing measurement program in the USA

Postponed decision until this year

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management – current status

Measurements in US are completed but not available

Unclear when they will be availableSuggest adopting the current US methodology until better data become availableBased on assumption that NMVOC emissions are related

to methane emissions

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management

VS = volatile solidsB0 = methane production potential

EF = emission factor

NMVOC = VSexcreted x B0 x 0.67 x EF

US EF = 1%

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management

VS = volatile solidsB0 = methane production potential

EF = emission factorMCF = methane conversion factor

NMVOC = VSexcreted x B0 x 0.67 x MCF x EF

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management

NMVOC emission becomes a function of methane emission

How do we determine the emission factor?

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management – coming soon?

Different NMVOCs contribute to varying extents to ground-level ozone pollution

Lack of knowledge of emissions of specific NMVOCs from manure management

Advancement in measurement methodsNew knowledge soon?New sources?

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Frank MitloehnerUniversity of California, Davis

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NMVOC emissions from manure management - options

Use the US approachUse the US approach + MCFWait until next year to decide

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Ammonia emission from fertilisers

Current section is out of dateNo progress to report Insufficient resources

Suggest carrying item over to Work Plan 2011-2012

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Emissions from biogas production

Increasing biogas productionOriginally a means to manage animal manureIncreasingly used to generate biogas from energy crops

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Emissions from biogas production

Methane, nitrous oxide, NMVOC, ammonia, nitric oxideMethane and nitrous oxide - IPCC Include nitrous oxide in Guidebook method – maintain nitrogen

budget

Adapt Tier 2 4B methodologyHow to partition emissions between NFR codes?Builds on work presented in Cyprus last year

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

LivestockAnimalhousing

Fields

AnimalFeed (N)

NH3

Emissions of N frommanure managementexcluding biogasproduction

NH3, NON2O, N2

Manurestorage

NH3, NON2O, N2

xgraz

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

LivestockAnimalhousing

Biogasreactor

Digestatestorage

Fields

Supplementaryfeedstock (N)

AnimalFeed (N)

NyOx

NH3

Emissions of N frommanure managementincluding biogasproduction

NH3, NON2O, N2

NH3, NON2O, N2

Incineration

Digestatestorage

NH3, NO

Manurestorage

NH3, NON2O, N2

xgraz

Biogas exportPower generation

NyOx

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Partitioning emissions to NFR codes

At what stage do emissions stop being attributable to agriculture?

Agricultural products used for a variety of purposesFood productionEnergy production (e.g. use of straw for heat and power

production)Fibre products (e.g. wool)

Emissions attributed to these activities, not agriculture

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

LivestockAnimalhousing

Biogasreactor

Digestatestorage

Fields

Supplementaryfeedstock (N)

AnimalFeed (N)

NyOx

NH3

Emissions of N frommanure managementincluding biogasproduction

Emissions to be reported under NFR 4B

Emissions to bereported under

NFR 1.A.1,6.C.b or 6.C.c

NH3, NON2O, N2

NH3, NON2O, N2

Incineration

Furthertreatment

NH3, NO

Manurestorage

NH3, NON2O, N2

xgraz

xstore

xbiogas

xdigest

Biogas exportPower generation

NyOx

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Ammonia emission from crops

Guidebook recognized existence of emissions but provides no methodology

Processes are understood but lack of good dataAgreed last year to recommend an emission of 2kg ammonia per hectare per year of arable landTemporary value until better data becomes available

Suggest no changeContinue to monitor the literature

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Future

Role of Agriculture and Nature PanelMainly inventory compilersResearch scientist go to TFRN

Better communication with scientific community

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Workplan 2011-2012

Review of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions from manure management systems (4B). Integrate US results when available.

Review of ammonia emissions from fertilisers (4D).Update information on NMVOC emissions from natural vegetation

Finalise methodology for ammonia emissions from biogas facilities (4B)