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Transcript of Tata Shaktee
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ROOF AND W ALL CLADDING
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BRAND 1
look
All new Galvanised Roof ing Sheets
BRAND 1
alike...
BRAND 2
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Maxim um St rengt h
Unif orm Zinc Coat ing
Assured Th ickn ess
Sup erio r Packaging
Fixed and Transparent Pri cing
Superior Dist r ibut ion Net w ork
Righ t Hardness f or Roo f ing
Opt imum Chrom at ing
Excellent Zinc Adherence
Accurate Dimension
Print ed Thi ckness and Zinc Coat ing
Perf ect Overlapp ing
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TATA Shaktee GC sheets tru ly last t he long est. Af ter a l l , they are bro ugh t t o you fro m th e house of
TATA's. The sheets pass th roug h str ing ent q ual i ty t ests th at ensure unif orm Zinc coat in g, p rop er
hardn ess for roo f ing , superior Zinc adherence, high t ensi le streng th and accurate d im ensions.
Al l th is and m ore add up t o th e qual i ty valued by m il l ions of consum ers over decades.
...but on ly t he best
st and t he t est of t im e.
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INTRODUCTION 1
THE SHAKTEE EDGE 2-5
TATA SHAKTEE SPECIFICATIONS 6-7
WIND FORCES 8-9
ROOF AND WALL CLADDING 10-12
TATA SHAKTEE WIDER - SAVINGS UNLIMITED 13
ACCESSORIES 14-17
GUIDELINES FOR INSTALLATION 18-21
GENERAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE 22-23
SHAKTEE EDGE - AT A GLANCE 24
OFFICE ADDRESSES 25
C O N T E N T S
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Over the years, TATA Steel has altered t he land scape of t he roo fing ind ustry in Ind ia. The com pan y has been a
pioneer in the field of manufacturing superior quali ty TATA Shaktee Galvanised Corrugated (GC) sheets.
M anufactured w i th w orld-c lass techno logical expert ise, these GC sheets are stro nger and longer last ing th an
any o th er ord inary GC sheets. TATA Shaktee GC Sheets are no t on ly m ade o f virgin steel pr ocessed at TATA
Steel 's state-of-th e-art Cold Rol ling M i l l but also h ave uni fo rm Zinc coat ing o n t hem , w hich gives them the
required strengt h in f ight ing th e weather and to last long est.
L iv ing up to the company 's assurance of good qual i ty and t rus tworthy products , these sheets are
manufac tured to exac t parameters o f th ickness , length, wid th and Zinc coat ing as per the spec i f ied
requirements. In addi t ion to this, TATA Shaktee GC sheets are ISI cert i f ied under Bureau of Indian
Stan dar ds (BIS).
Al l in al l , TATA Shakt ee GC sheets give mo re value fo r m on ey and are the b est cho ice fo r anyon e lookin g
for a pro duct t hat w i l l per form year a f ter year.
This manu al has been created in order to m ake consum ers aw are of the best engineering pract ices involved
in instal lation and maintenance of Galvanised Corrugated Steel sheets used in Roof and Wall Cladding
appl icat ions. We have attempted to col late best pract ices recommended by various Indian and global
stand ards along w ith th ose received from pract ising shed fabricators and archi tects.
Please feel free to send you r sug gestion s/feedback fo r im pro vement s on t his manu al, i f any, to
Brand Manager - Tata Shakt ee, Tata Cent re, 43 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata 700 071
I N T R O D U C T I O N
1
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Low tensile strength of ordinary sheets results indamage/rupt ure caused by hailstorms and o ther externalforces.
Inferior t echnolo gy and process control results in uncleansteel surface leading to low adherence of Z inc coating.This causes the galvanised surface to p eel off result ing i nreduced sheet life.
Uneven tempering causes ordinary sheets to crack duringdri l l ing.
High t ensile strengt h (appro x 700 m pa) of TATA Shaktee GCSheets resist natural forces like hailstor ms and ot her externalforces.
Superior technology and process control ensures propersurface cleaning before coating. This means a cleaner steelsurface that result s in excellent Zinc adh erence.
Accurate tempering in TATA Shaktee GC Sheets resistcracks and f issures during drillin g.
TATA SHAKTEE G C SHEET ORDINARY GC SHEET
T H E E D G E
RIGHT HARDNESS FOR ROOFING
HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH
EXCELLENT ZINC ADHERENCE
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Thickness of t he sheet and t he Zinc coatin g app lied to it isnot m entioned and even if i t is , i t is generally incorrect. Asa result, custom ers are oft en cheated during purchase.
Uneven corrug ations and edge w aviness lead t o g aps inoverlapping, result ing in a badly fabricated roof.Unw anted part ic les and m oisture stuck betw een th e sheetoverlappings results in corrosion start ing from the jo int.
Non-uniform Zinc coating cause parts of galvanisedsurface with low Zinc coating to corrode faster. Thisreduces the sheet lif e drastically.
ORDINARY GC SHEET
Each sheet has its thickness and Zinc coatin g p rint ed on itto ensure that t he custom ers get w hat t hey have paid for.
Even corrugations ensure perfect overlapping w hichresults in im proved w eather-proof ing. M oreover, there isno unw anted retention of part ic les and mo isture betw eenthe overlapped jo ints. This prevents corrosion orig inat ingfrom o verlappings.
Un i fo rm 1 2 0 g sm Z in c co a t in g e n su re d b y th esophisticated FEED FORWARD X-RAY COATING GAUGEresults in even surf ace pro tectio n.
TATA SHAKTEE G C SHEET
UNIFORM ZINC COATING
ASSURED THICKNESS AND ZINC COATING
PERFECT OVERLAPPING
T H E E D G E
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Ordinary sheets,quite oft en, are of low er lengt h th an thestandard lengt h specified. As a result you g et lesser valuefor your m oney.
9.9Feet
3020mm
In ordinary GC sheets, the thickness is not printed andeven if it is, the actual thickness is usually lower than theth ickness claimed.
0 . 5 4 m m
In case of ordinary GC sheets, inadequate chromating onthe galvanised surface results in form ation o f w hite rust onth e sheets that reduces sheet lif e.
The length of the sheet is equal t o t he standard specif iedlength, g iv ing you true value for your m oney.
10Feet
3050mm
TATA Shakt ee GC sheets com e w it h assur ed t hickn ess. Thetolerance maintained is more str ing ent th an the standardsdefin ed by Bureau of In dian Stand ards (BIS).
0 . 6 O m m
Usage of th e best and adequate chromat e solut io n at t hegalvanis ing stage prevents form ation of w hite rust on thesheets. As a result, sheet lif e is enhanced.
ADEQUATE CHROM ATING
ACCURATE DIMENSION
ASSURED THICKNESS
T H E E D G E
TATA SHAKTEE G C SHEET ORDINARY GC SHEET
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Pricing of ordinary GC sheets is opportunistic and unfair,w hich m eans that prices are unstable and no n-transparent,thereby subject to change even o n a w eekly basis.
The Recom m ended Consum er Price of TATA Shaktee GCSheets ensures the required transparency and stability inpr ices across the stat es.
A superior d istr ibution network compris ing 3500 dealersand 28 distributors spread across the country ensuresexcellent reach and regular supply of TATA Shaktee GCSheets, as and w hen requ ired.
Nonexistence of authorised dealer network leads toirregular supp ly and even sales of substan dard p rod ucts.
TATA Shaktee GC sheets are packaged w ith Blue WovenHDPE (450 microns) and LDPE (250 microns) plasticsalongw ith edge prot ectors, tamp er proof seals and m etalja cket s on t h e t op t hat p ro t ect s sheet q u al it y, esp eci al lyduring t ransit .
Ordinary sheets are packaged w ith poor quali ty p last icswith a metal jacket on top that is susceptib le to damageduring transit .
OPPU TUNIS IC ELLING
RT S
NO
S IBUT
O
DI TR
I N
ONET
W RK
UNST
ABLE
ONTRANSPAREN
N
T
Bare Sheets
Woo den Sk i ds
M eta l Band
S t rapp i ng
Ordin ary Plast ic
P
RIC
E
Edge P ro tec tor
M eta l Band
S t rapp i ng
Ident i f i cat io n Tags
Tata Blue Seal
Wooden Sk i ds
Bare Sheets
Blue WovenHDPE
(450mi c rons)
LDPE (250 m icrons)
SRINAGAR
JAIPUR
PUNEHYDERABAD
CHENNAI
CHANDIGARH
DELHI
MUMBAI
AHMEDABAD
CUTTACKNAGPUR
GUWAHATI
JALANDHAR
DHANBAD
BERHAMPUR
SILIGURI
GHAZIABAD
AURANGABAD
FARIDABAD
INDORE
UTTARANCHAL
HUBLI
SOLAPUR
RANCHI
KOLKATAJAMSHEDPUR
PATNA
RAIPUR
SANGLI
SUPERIOR PACKAGING
STABLE AND TRANSPARENT PRICING
SUPERIOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
TIME
T H E E D G E
ORDINARY GC SHEETTATA SHAKTEE G C SHEET
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Note:TATA Shakt ee tolerance levels are mo re strin gent as com pared t o BIS specifications ow ing to superior p rocesscontro l .
LENGTH
Before corrugat ion
After corrugat ion
DIAGONAL DIFFERENCE
DEPTH OF CORRUGATION
PITCH OF CORRUGATION
Should not d i f fermore t han 20 mm
Should not d i f fermore t han 20 mm
THICKNESS
800
840
910
1220
(gauge)
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.63
0.80
1.00
1.25
0.30
29
28
27
26
25
24
22
20
18
30 6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
1830
2140
2440
2745
3050
3660
4270
4880
LENGTH WIDTH
(mm)THICKNESS
(mm) (mm) (feet)
PITCH
DEPTH
17.5 75
10 + +
11 + +
17.5
12.5
75
78
10 + +
1220
910
800
840
17.5 75 15 + +
Note:(1) Width of 12 20 m m is available from 0 .45 m m thickness onw ards. (2) Thickness of 0.60 m m in gauge t erm isreferred to as 24 "LOW".
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
PHYSICAL PROFILE
DEPTH AND PITCH OF CORRUGATION
24
TOLERANCE LEVELS
TATA SHAKTEEBISPARAMETERS
WIDTH OF GC SHEETAFTER CORRUGATION
(mm)
NO. OF
CORRUGATIONS
PITCH OF
CORRUGATION
(mm)
DEPTH OF
CORRUGATION(mm)
WIDTH1 5 m m
5 m m
2.5 mm
.03 mm
+ 1 5 m m , - 0
+ 1 0 m m , - 0 m m
2 5 m m
+ 1 0 m m , - 0 m m
+ 1 5 m m , - 0
2 .5 mm
5 m m
.05 mm
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Not e: BIS recom m ends th ickness of 0.63m m w ith Zinc coating o f m inim um 275 gsm. (Refer to para 7.3, Note 1 on page2 of IS277: 1992).
TYPE OF COATING Galvanised (Zinc) Spangled
COATING WEIGHT 120 gsm (gram per square m etre), Class 8 (as per BIS)(For t a i lor m ade prod ucts Zinc coat ing, m ay vary betw een 60 -600 gsm)
THICKNESS
(mm)
APPROXIMATE WEIGHT (Kg)
PER SQUARE METRE
0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.63 0.80 1.00 1.25
2.25 2.65 4.20 4.55 4.803.00 3.40 3.80 6.10 7.45 9.25
0.5%.Note: 1) BIS tolerance for the "Bundle Weight" (70/72 running feet of sheets) is 2) Length of 16 feet (4880 m m ) is avai lable only f rom 0.40 m m thickness onw ards.
3) Weight per sheet for th ickness 1.00 and 1.25 mm has not been indicated in the above table sinceth ese are no t stand ard sizes. How ever, these sizes can be pro du ced on d eman d.
0.30 x 800
0.35 x 800
0.40 x 800
0.45 x 840
0.50 x 840
0.55 x 840
0.60 x 840
0.63 x 840
0.30 x 910
0.35 x 910
0.40 x 9100.45 x 910
0.50 x 910
0.60 x 910
0.63 x 910
0.80 x 910
0.45 x 1220
0.50 x 1220
0.60 x 1220
0.63 x 1220
0.80 x 1220
0.80 x 840
3.663
4.339
4.939
5.577
6.201
6.862
7.496
7.881
4.047
4.837
5.5646.283
6.991
8.485
8.961
11.149
8.378
9.370
11.289
11.877
15.473
10.051
4.296
5.007
5.766
6.508
7.235
8.013
8.753
9.205
4.724
5.656
6.4967.323
8.166
10.013
10.387
12.998
9.767
10.922
13.191
13.844
17.092
11.737
4.883
5.785
6.585
7.436
8.269
9.149
9.994
10.508
5.397
6.450
7.4198.377
9.322
11.313
11.948
14.866
11.170
12.493
15.052
15.836
20.631
13.402
5.494
6.508
7.408
8.365
9.302
10.293
11.244
11.822
8.346
7.256
6.071
9.425
10.487
12.727
13.441
16.724
12.566
17.815
23.210
16.934
14.055
15.077
6.137
7.153
8.238
9.297
10.336
11.448
12.504
13.151
9.280
8.081
6.748
10.461
11.666
14.304
14.838
18.569
13.952
19.776
24.417
18.844
15.603
16.767
7.325
8.678
9.877
11.153
12.430
13.724
14.991
15.762
11.129
9.674
8.095
12.566
14.000
16.980
17.922
22.298
16.755
23.754
30.946
22.579
18.740
20.102
8.592
10.015
11.533
13.016
14.520
16.027
17.505
18.411
13.000
11.313
9.447
14.645
16.332
20.025
20.773
25.997
19.533
27.687
34.184
26.381
21.844
23.473
( m m )
APPROXIMATE WEIGHT PER PIECE FOR VARIOUS LENGTHS OF SHEET (in Kg)
6f t(1830mm)
7f t(2135mm)
8 f t(2440mm)
9f t(2740mm)
10f t(3050mm)
12f t(3660mm)
14f t(4270mm)
9.767
11.570
13.169
14.871
16.537
18.298
19.989
21.016
14.838
12.899
10.793
16.755
18.680
22.626
23.896
29.731
22.340
31.672
41.262
30.105
24.986
26.803
16f t(4880mm)
COATING
APPROXIM ATE WEIGHT PER SQUARE METRE OF SHEET (for 120 gsm coat ing)
APPROXIMATE WEIGHT PER SHEET (for 120 gsm coat ing)
SIZE(THICKNESS
X
WIDTH)
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
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Speed of w ind creates considerable forces on bot h t op and b ott om sides of the Roof Cladding an d hence one
m ust consider w ind speed and i ts resul tant forces w hi le designing and instal l ing a roof. W hi lst t he fo rces
act ing inw ard throug h th e tops ide of t he roof ing sheet tend t o pu sh th e Roof Cladding d ow nw ards, theoutw ard forces act ing t hrough the bot tom side of the roof ing sheet tend to l if t t he Roof Cladding f rom i ts
fram e. Outw ard fo rces could b e generated by ei ther negat ive wind pressures out side the b ui lding o r po si t ive
w ind p ressure inside the b ui lding.
Outw ard forces act ing o n roof ing sheets th roug h bot to m side are m ost com m on and t hese forces m ust be
balanced b y providing r igh t spacing betw een t he Purl ins (Figure 1 on page 10) and by select ion of r ight
diamet er, length and num ber o f f asteners. In cyclonic areas, extra care mu st be t aken in designing and
instal lat ion of roof s by consul t ing archi tects or p rofessional shed fab ricators.
SPACINGS BETWEEN PURLINS (m m)
Wind Zone
I
Wind Zone
II
Wind Zone
III
Wind Zone
IV
Wind Zone
V
Wind Zone
VI
THICKNESS OF
SHEETS (m m)ROOF SLOPE
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.63
0.80
1 in 3
1 in 4
1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090
1070 1070 1070 1070 1070 1070
1230 1230 1230 1230 1230 1160
1220 1220 1220 1220 1220 1120
1320
1310
1400
1380
1480
1460
1550
1530
1620
1600
1650
1640
1860
1850
1320
1600
1800
1740
1310
1400
1380
1460
1410
1500
1450
1550
1500
1580
1520
1720
1660
1290
1250
1350
1300
1200
1350
1440
1400
1480
1440
1510
1460
1650
1590
1210
1170
1260
1220
1300
1270
1350
1330
1390
1350
1420
1370
1540
1490
1320
1310 1310
1400 1400
1380 1380
1480 1480
1460 1460
1550 1550
1530 1530
1620 1620
1600 1600
1650 1650
1640
1860
1850
1.00
1.25
2090
2000
2230
2130
1950
1880
2120
2050
1860
1880
2000
1950
1780
1720
1930
1860
1660
1610
1800
1740
2090
2000
2230
2130
1320
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 3
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
1 in 4
* Calculat ions are based on basic princip les of Structu ral Engineering in respect t o Strength and Deflect ion.
W I N D F O R C E S
RECOMMENDED SPACING BETWEEN PURLINS FOR DIFFERENT WIND ZONES*
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BASIC WIND SPEEDIN METRE/SECOND
COLOUR CODE
55
50
47
44
39
33
WIND ZONE
VI
V
IV
III
II
I
Source: United Natio ns Development Program meWebsi te : ww w.undp.org
W I N D F O R C E S
WIND ZONES
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10
Note: Roof s lopes w ith 1 in 3 and higher are prevalentin locations wit h high rainfal l /snow fal l
1
4
1 in 4 (14 )
1
3
Wh ile one of t he mo st im port ant roles of ro of ing is to f ight the w eather, they also have signi f icant ef fects on
th e aesthet ic, cost and durab i l ity of a bui lding . In Roof Cladding, f actors such as rainfal l , wind speed, height
of b ui lding and w alk ing w eight on roof s (arising ou t of m aintenance) have considerable ef fect on d esign ofroof slope, suppo rt ing stru ctures and spacing b etw een Purl ins (Figure-1).
Design parameters for Wal l Cladding
i s s i m p l e a n d s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d
compared to Roof Cladding. The
main considerat ion in the design is
spac ing be tween the suppor t s ,
known as Side Girt (equivalent of
Purl in s used in Roo f Cladd ing ). Windspeed and thickness of sheets play
m ajor role in arr iv ing at t he spacing
betw een Side Girt .
Overhang in Roof Cladding is important from the angle of complete weather-proofing of the building. While
End Overhang m aintained at the Eave End (Gut ter end) of the roof faci li tates prop er drainage of w ater
w itho ut d renching the inside of bui lding fro m it s fron t, the Side Overhang m akes sure the rain w ater does not
enter th e building from sides (Figure-4). Overhangs are recom m ended b elow as per go od engineering practice.
1 in 3 (18)
x y
END OVERHANG (x) SIDE OVERHANG (y)
300 mm 100 mm
Fig u re -2 Fig u re -3
Figure -4
Slope is a major component of roof design. In absence of adequate roof slope, there is danger of water
accum ulation, w hich can lead to leakage and reduced sheet l i fe. Mo st com m only used ro of slopes in India are 1
in 4 (14 ) and 1 in 3 (18) (Figure 2 & 3). How ever, various other slopes can be used d epending upo n t he intensity
of rainf al l and w ind f orce. In case of sinusoidal profi les, i t is recom m ended t hat o ne shou ld no t g o below slope of
1 in 12 (5). It is impo rtant to use sealants at th e end lap of sheets in case roof slope is below 5.
R O O F A N D W A L L C L A D D I N G
OVERHANG
Side Girt
Spacing betw eenSide Girt s
Ridge-end
Eave-end(Gut ter-end)
Purlin
Spacing betw een
Purl ins
Figu re -1
SLOPE
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Not e: For roo f s lopes lesser th an 14 recom m ended end lap is 200 m m
150 m m
200 m m
FOR ROOF CLADDING FOR WALL CLADDING
100 m m
100 m m
ROOF SLOPE
2
OL P
in
00MM F
RSO E
1 4
150M FO
SLOPE
in3
MR
1
G.I. CRANK BOLT
G. C. SHEET
M S RECTANGULA R TUBE PURLIN
N LE D AP
OFE
TWOSHETS
Note: In areas of heavy rainfall, the laps at sides should be suitably increased..
FOR ROOF CLADDING FOR WALL CLADDING
1 CORRUGATIONS 1 CORRUGATION
Joint s on th e roof ing sheets, also know n as 'Laps', are critical in fabr ication o f leakageproof roo fs. Joint s on th e side of t he
roof ing sheet (along sheet length) is know n as Side Lap (Figure-5) w hile joint at t he end o f t he sheet (along sheetw idth ) is know n as End Lap (Figur e-6). Slope of th e roof plays a major ro le in d eciding t he area of laps.
1 in 3 (18 )
1 in 4 (14 )
Figu re -5
Figu re -6
R O O F A N D W A L L C L A D D I N G
JOINTS ON THE SHEETS
SIDE LAP OF SHEETS
END LAP OF SHEETS
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L : Length o f roof ( in metre)
W : Width o f roof ( in metre)L : Length of GC sheet used (in metre)SN : Numb er o f sheets requi red for a g iven length and w idth o f roof , ( f ig .7) wi l l be = N XN L L WN : Num ber o f sheets requi red a long the w idth o f roofW
Tota l num ber o f sheets requi red w i ll be N x N ( for a g iven length and w idth o f roof , d imensions exp la ined in Figure-7)L W
LENGTH (L)
IDT
(W
W
H
)
Figure -7
2
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
23
27
31
35
39
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
11
13
14
17
20
22
25
28
2
3
5
7
9
12
14
16
18
20
23
27
31
36
40
45
2
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
26
30
34
38
42
3
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
10 0
915
1525
3050
4575
6100
7625
9150
10675
12200
13725
15250
18300
21350
24400
27450
30500
NO.OF SHEETS REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT WIDTHS OF SHEETS
800 mm 840 mm
LENGTH OF ROOF
(mm) (feet) 910 mm 1220 mm
Note: (1.) End lap of 200 m m and Side lap of 112.5 m m considered to arr ive at nu m ber of sheets across length o f roof . (2.) Overhang of 300 mm at eave-end and 100 mm at r idge-end considered to arr ive at num ber of sheets across w idth of roof.
1 2 2 0 mm
9 1 0 mm8 4 0 mm
8 0 0 mm
N = (W + 0 .4) / L - 0.2W S
WIDTH OF SHEETNO. OF SHEETS
ALONG LENGTH OF ROOFNO. OF SHEETS
ALONG WIDTH OF ROOF
N = ( L + 0 .0 8 75 ) / 1 .1 0 75L
N = (L + 0 .0 8 75 ) / 0 .7 9 75L
N = (L + 0 .0 8 75 ) / 0 .7 2 75L
N = (L + 0 .0 8 75 ) / 0 .6 8 75L
R O O F A N D W A L L C L A D D I N G
NUMBER OF SHEETS REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS LENGTH OF ROOFS
CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF SHEETS REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS LENGTH AND WIDTH OF ROOFS:
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1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
6
6
7
9
10
12
13
14
2
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
26
30
34
38
42
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
11
13
14
17
20
22
25
28
3
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
915
1525
3050
4575
6100
7625
9150
10675
12200
13725
15250
18300
21350
24400
27450
30500
LENGTH OF ROOF
(mm) (feet )
NO. OF SHEET
REQD. FROM
840MM WIDE GC
NO. OF SHEET
REQD. FROM
1220MM WIDE GC
NO.OF
OVERLAPPING
SAVED
Lesser num ber of sheets required:You w il l requ ire lesser num ber of TATA Shakt ee Wider GC Sheets as com pared t o ot her narro w w idt hsof GC sheets available in th e market in or der t o cover a given roo f size.
Fewer join ts required:Lesser number of roofing sheets mean fewer overlaps which reduces wastage of steel at sideoverlapp ing s. Less nu m ber of overlapp ing s ensure sub stantial cost savings.
Fewer seepage po int s:Lesser number of joints mean fewer holes need to be dri l led to f ix TATA Shaktee Wider GC Sheets,resul t ing in low er num ber of seepage points on th e roof and enh anced sheet l i fe.
Fewer accessor ies requi red :
Few er ho les in f ixing TATA Shakt ee Wider GC Sheets reduce requ irem ent of fasteners and substant ial lyresult ing in cost saving s.
Greater savings:Al l the abo ve benef i ts resul t in un l imi ted m onetary savings.
S A V I N G S U N L I M I T E D
ADVANTAGES OF TATA SHAKTEE WIDER (1220 MM) GC SHEET
SAVINGS FROM TATA SHAKTEE WIDER (1220 MM) GC SHEET
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The rubber washer should be 25 m m in d iameter and 3 m m th ick wi th 6 m m bore to su it 8 m m d iameterbol t s. This bon d b etw een rub ber w asher and b ol t ensures w ater proo f seal ing.
The G.I . f lat w asher is 25 m m in diamet er (i f i t is a round w asher) and 1 .60 m m thick w i th central hole to sui t 8m m d iameter f ixing bol t o r screw.
The sheets are fastened to purl ins (in case of Roof Cladding) or side girts (in case of Wall Cladding) bymin imum 8 m m d iamete r hook bo lt s at a m aximum p i t ch o f 375 mm .
Usage of r ecom m ended accessories leads to enhan ced l i fe of Roo fs and Walls. Poo r and substan dard qu ali ty
of accessories may adversely affect the superior quali ty of cladding sheets leading to reduced l i fe.
Accessories and t he claddin g m aterial sho uld h ave sim ilar l ife expectancies as th at of th e main stru ctur e and
hence cri teria f or selectin g t he accessories such as Fasteners, Gutt ers and Flashing s mu st be b ased o n t he
design l i fe of th e stru cture.
Researches executed o n causes of steel bui ldin g fai lur es w orld w ide indicate th at alm ost 80% o f fai lur es start
f rom th e fasteners. Since fasteners, used o n c ladding and structu re tog ether, const i tu te rou ghly 6-8% o f t he
entire pr oject cost, several bui ld ers have the ten dency to n eglect th is vital aspect of th eir project.
Fasteners used o n steel Roof and W al l Cladding m ust be of goo d q ual i ty and pro perly galvanized confo rm ing
to IS:730 stand ards. This w i l l go a long w ay in pro viding a w eather proof and long last ing roof. Di f ferentcomp onent s of g ood qual i ty fastener is depicted below in Figure-8.
There are various k ind of hoo ks and screws avai lable in th e market depend ing u pon the m aterial and t ype of
purl ins on w hich sheets need t o b e f ixed (Figure-9). G.I. Hook Bol t should be used for f ix ing sheets to ang le
Iron p url in s. G.I. Crank Bolt should be used for f ixing sheets to chann els or rectang ular/square tub es pu rl ins.
G.I. Coach screw (squ are head) sho uld b e used fo r f ixing sheets to w oo den p url in s on ly.
G. I. NUT
G. I. FLAT WASHER
RUBBER WASHER
RUBBER WASHER
J HOOK
G. I. CRANK BOLTG. I. HOOK BOLT
G. I. COACH SCREWSQUARE HEAD
Figu re -8 Fig u re -9
A C C E S S O R I E S
FASTENERS
TYPICAL FASTENERS FOR CLADDING TYPES OF HOOKS/SCREWS
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Usage of b i tumen washer, commonly used wi th Jhoo ks, retains w ater/m oisture t hat leads to rust ingthat begin at the jo ints and spreads to the sheetreducing sheet l i fe.
Usage of rub ber w asher enh ances sheet l i fe. Therubb er washer does not absorb w ater or mo istureand t hus prevents the sheet f rom rust ing.
BITUM EN W ASHER
NEW A FTER FEW YEARS
RUBBER WASHER
N EW A FTER FEW YEARS
Usage of recommended fasteners enhance sheetl i fe.
N EW A FTER FEW YEARSFA STENER W ITH RUBBER W A SHER
Usage of p oor q ual i ty fasteners lead t o rust ing thatbegin at the jo ints and spreads to the sheet
reducing sheet l i fe.
FASTENER W ITH BITUM EN W ASHERNEW AFTER FEW YEARS
Usage of a luminium painted J hook, washer andnut that looks similar to galvanised accessorieslead to ru sting. This begin s at th e joints and spreadsto t he entire sheet, reducing sheet l i fe.
Usage of g alvanised J ho ok, w asher and n ut enhan cessheet l i fe by preventing corrosion at the joint s.
NEW A FTER FEW YEARS
ALUM INIUM PAINTED J HOOK AN D WA SHER
AFTER FEW YEARS
GALVAN ISED J HOOK AN D W ASHER
NEW
A C C E S S O R I E S
USAGE OF RUBBER WASHER
USAGE OF GALVANISED FASTENERS
LIFE COMPARISON OF FASTENERS USED WITH RUBBER AND BITUMEN WASHERS
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Flashings are made fro m str ips of g alvanised m etal in order t o p rovide the essent ial w eatherproof ing at the
edges of the c ladding apart f rom making the f in ished job look neat. Flashings, depending upon their
placem ent over the c ladding , could be ei ther lon gi tu dinal or t ransverse. Long i tud inal Flashings run paral lel
to th e val leys (Figure: 12) and are m ade to sui t t he pro f i le of t he sheets. During instal lat ion , one m ust tu rn
do w n t heir edge to w ards the val ley in order t o achieve best w eather pr ot ection. Transverse Flashing s, also
know as Ridges, run p erpendicular to th e val leys. In ord er to achieve maxim um w eather-proo f ing, t he bent
edge of t he Ridge m ust si t on to th e prof i le of t he sheet (Figure: 13).
Figu re -12 Figu re -13
Recent developments in the f ie ld o f c ladd ing fas teners have promoted usage of se l f -dr i l l i ng screws
designed t o p rov ide except iona l corros ion resistance and w eather proo f ing . These screw s conf i rm toint ernat ional stand ards such as DIN, ASTM , AS and as th e nam e imp l ies, th ey are di rect ly screw ed
thro ugh sheets ont o t he pur l in w i th t he he lp o f a d r i l l m achine. Ident i f i ca t ion o f t hese screw s is depic ted
below .( Figu re - 10)
Figu re -10
IDENTIFICATION CODESof self-dri l l ing screw s is as fo l low s:
Screw Gauge(Thread outside
diameter)
Thread Pitch (t hreadsper inch)
Overal l length of t hescrew m easured fromunder the head (mm )
12 14 25X-
EPDM WASHER ( th ese w asher are co-po lymers, consist ing of ethylene,propy lene w i th prop or t ion o f d iene and t hey of fer ex tended l i fe w i th best w eather-proo f ing characterist ics und er extrem e climat ic cond i t ion)
SCREW GAUGE(gauge of a screw is determ ined by t he basic of t he th readout side diameter)
THREAD PITCH( thread pi tch is th e num ber of t hread crests coun ted along al inear m easurem ent of one inch)
A C C E S S O R I E S
SELF DRILLING SCREWS
FLASHINGS & RIDGES
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50
100
150
200
03 0
400
500
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
10 0
0
4 000 50 00 600 0 7000 8000 9 000 10 000 110 003 000 1200 0
2Cross-sect ional area of gutter (mm ), For Gutter Slope > 1 in 500
2
WaterReceivingareaforeachDrainPipe(m
)
Rainfall intensity( mm/hou r )
Example for calculat ing
number of Drain P ipes
required:
DATA GIVEN:Rainfal l intensi ty = 100m m/h
2Gut ter area = 7500mmDrai n Pi pe d i ameter = 100 m m
2TWRR = 750 m
SOLUTION:
1 ) F o r t h e g i v e n r a i n f a l li n t ens i t y and Gut t e r a rea,
TWRD for a sing le drain p ipe is2
equa l t o 75 m ( see red dot t edl ine in the graph on lef t )2) Number of Drain Pipes
requi red wi l l be= TWRR / TWRD= 7 5 0 / 75= 10 Drain Pipes
Figu re -16Figu re -15
Drain Pipe 1
DrainPipe2
Drain Pip e 4 Drain Pip e 3
High Point
HighPoint H
ighPoint
DrainPipe5
Source: National Plumbing and Drainage Standards, Australia AS 3500.3.2:1998
A C C E S S O R I E S
Drainage of w ater f rom t he roof is extrem ely imp ortant in order to achieve comp lete w eather-proo f ing of
th e bui lding. A w el l designed w ater col lect ion system , thro ugh set of Gutt ers and Drain Pipes at eave-end,
not only prot ect pro perty and bui lding b ut also helps in w ater harvest ing .
Gutt ers (Figure-14), made o ut of galvanized m etal str ips, are instal led w i th a generous slope t o avoid w ater
accum ulatio n. To b e on safer side, Gutt ers sho uld have a
slop e steeper t han 1 in 50 0.Typical ly, slop e on h ou se gu tt ers
is m aint ained at 1 in 2 50. Design o f Gut ters and Drain Pipes
is based on rainfal l intensi t ies (mm /hour) f or a given terr i tory
along w i th w ater receiv ing area of the roof . Total Water
Receiving area of Roof - TWRR can be calculat ed fro m th e
plan of t he structu re. To al low for t he slope of t he roof,
increase th e plan area by 1% fo r every degree of in crease in
slop e up t o 40 degr ee. For a given rainf al l intensity and cross
section al area of Gut ter, Tot al Wat er Receiving area of a
sing le Drain Pipe (TWRD) can b e calculated fro m t he grap h belo w. The diamet er of Drain Pipes considered in
th e graph is 100 m m . The required num ber of 100 m m diameter Drain Pipes can b e arr ived b y div iding TWRR
by TWRD. An example calculating the required numbers of Drain Pipes is indicated in Figure-15. An
i l lustrat ive examp le of Drain Pipe arrangem ent along w i th h igh po ints of w ater drainage is indicated below
(Figure-16).
Roofing Sheet
Gutter Purl in
Gut ter
5 0 m m
Figur e -14
ROOF DRAINAGE & GUTTERS
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Check f latn ess, slope and o verhang o f t he fram e on w hich the sheets are to be laid. Please rem emb er that
any correct ion in t he fram e required after laying t he sheets w i l l be di f f icul t and at t im es imp ossible to
rectify.
Before l i f t ing the sheets on t o t he roof , check i f they are r ight side up.
Place bund le of sheets over and near the f i rm supp orts and not at th e mid-span of roo f m emb ers.
Sheets are norm al ly laid f rom lef t t o r igh t com m encing at Eaves, explained in f igu re-17 w i th sheets being
num bered in ord er o f f i x ing.
The f i rs t sheet is la id at t he Eaves, r ight angled (90 d egrees) to the p url in w i th a s ide lap o f o ne and a hal f
corrugat ion.
The minimum free overhang at Eaves must not exceed 300 mm. Care should be taken to ensure a
minimum overhang of 100 mm at the s ide of the sheets. Ensure that the roof ing sheets overhang
min im um 50 m m in to the Gut ter a t eave-end.
It is general ly con sidered g oo d p ractice to u se fasteners along side-laps of sheets.
To b e on safer side, do no t f ix fasteners less than 25 m m from the end o f t he sheets. M axim um pi tch
betw een tw o fasteners, across th e widt h of t he sheet, shou ld be 375 m m .
Wh ile lay ing th e f i rst sheet at lef t of eave-end, p lease ensure th at i t is correct ly located in relat ion to oth er
parts of t he bui lding such as end and/or s ide-w al l.
Check al ignm ent of sheets at repeated intervals. I t is imp ort ant t o keep th e gut ter-end and r idg e-end of
al l sheets in a straig ht l ine. This can b e achieved b y keepin g t he sheets paral lel w ith respect t o t he first
sheet.
One can eith er f ix each sheet com pletely befo re laying t he next or can fix th e sheet suff icient ly to ensure i t
can' t m ove, com plete laying al l sheets at on e row and t hen retu rn t o p lace all interm ediate fasteners.
G U I D E L I N E S F O R I N S T A L L A T I O N
FOR ROOFING
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Figu re -17
In Roof Cladding, fo r m aximu m w ater-t igh tness, fastening screw s th roug h t he crest o f t he sheets on t o
th e purl in is hig hly recom m ended (Figu re 5 , Page 11). Alw ays drive screw s perp endicular to th e sheet and
at t he centre of t he corrug ation . Placing screws on val leys m ay be suscept ible to leakage in Roo f Cladd ing.
The sheets on th e next ro w are f ixed s im i larly making an end lap ( joint along t he length of the sheet -
Figure 6 , Page 11) o f m in imum 150 m m.
For Roof Cladding, a l low a min imu m end- lap of 200 m m for s lopes of 5 to 14 degree, and 150 m m for
slopes above 14 degree. For w al ls, allow m inimu m end lap of 10 0 m m .
For slopes below 1 in 4 i t is recom m ended to u se sealant at th e end lap w i th a minim um 3 m m b ead of
nat ural cure si l l icon sealant along th e centr e l ine of t he fastener hole.
Wh ere four sheets m eet at th eir corn ers, the to tal th ickness becom es very th ick. This gives a hum p at t he
corners. To p rovide neat f i t t o t he sheets at th is junct ion any tw o corn ers of the d iagonal ly oppo si te sheets
have to b e cut (m i tred). Mi tr ing m eans cutt ing of corners of t he sheets to t he measurement of s ide lap
and end lap of the sheets.
G U I D E L I N E S F O R I N S T A L L A T I O N
RIDGE-END
1110987 12
54321 6
RIDGE PURLIN
EAVE-END
(Gut ter-end)
OVERHANG AT EAVES 3 0 0 m m
PURLIN
EAVES PURLIN
OVERHANG AT SIDES
1 0 0 m m
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In Wall Cladd ing f asteners are usually placed in t he val ley of t he sheets since wat er penetr ation is no t a
pro blem in Wall Cladd ing . Fasteners at val leys are less no ticeable and d o no t af fect t he aesth etic of t he
Steel Cladding. Also fasteners f ixed on valleys of Wal l Cladding m inimize the r isk of d eform ation of prof i le
since th e fastener rests f lat ag ainst i ts sup po rt, i .e. Side Girt (Figu re1, Page 10).
How ever, w hen val ley-fixed, the claddin g needs a side-lap fastener in al l laps, in ord er to h old t he pro fi les
of tw o sheets tog ether (Figure19, Page 21).
Figu re -18
Care shou ld be t aken t o ensure that t he sheets do not but t against each ot her. The gap b etw een each
m itred corner shou ld be appro xim ately 2 m m . (The tw o diago nal ly m i tred corners being covered by th e
uncut corners of th e covering sheets w i l l provide for perfect seal ing against w eather). M i tr ing should be
do ne by carpent er's saw and sheets should n ever be chipp ed.
At t he r idge end o f roof ing, w ind can p ush w ater up und er the r idge, in to t he bu i ld ing. In ord er to arrest
this prob lem, val leys of t he sheets are bent upw ard at the r id ge-end of roof ing (Figure-18). This process
blocks the val leys at r idge-end th ereby prevent ing w ater f rom entering th e bui lding t hrou gh r idg e-end.
This process is hig hly useful in ro of s w ith slop es below 1 in 2 (25). In cont rast, val leys at t he eave-end o f
roof ing sheet are bent d ow n in order to achieve enhanced weatherpro ofn ess and sm oot h f low of w ater
into th e Gutters. Bending of sheets at valleys can b e don e w ith the h elp of m ulti-grip p liers or a sliding spanner.
G U I D E L I N E S F O R I N S T A L L A T I O N
FOR WALL CLADDING
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Figu re -19
Wh en the ai r in a bui lding in cont act w i th m etal cladding is w armer th an the c ladd ing, m oistu re in th e ai r can
condense on the inside of c ladding. Condensat ion can lead to deteriorat ion of bui lding components,
staining o f cei ling & w al ls and even deteriorat ion o f i tem s stocked inside th e stocking area. The am oun t o f
condensat ion depends upon the amount of moisture present in the ai r and this varies wi th c l imat ic
condi t ion s. Act ivi t ies w i thin a b ui lding such as w ashing and d ry ing of c loth s, cooking, show ering etc. may
also add substant ial ly to th e amou nt of m oistu re in the ai r. In t he event of extrem e mo istu re cont ent ins ide
the b ui lding, i t is essent ial to ei ther keep c ladding aw ay from m oist atm osphere inside th e bui lding o r vent
substant ial am oun t of ai r moisture to the out side of the bui lding.
To m inimize the r isk of condensat ion on th e inner-side of c ladding a vapou r barr ier is of t en used t o p revent
contact of w arm m oist ai r w i th ro of ing . Ref lect ive foi l laminat es are com m only used f or t his purp ose. Such
foi ls are also simp le, inexpensive and very ef fect ive metho d to contro l heat. Ad di t ion al heat insulat ion is
oft en achieved by using b ulk insulat ion blankets, w hich is a com binat ion of ref lect ive foi l laminates, glass
w ool and w ire m esh laid dow n on t he frame before instal l ing the coated sheets.
G U I D E L I N E S F O R I N S T A L L A T I O N
CONDENSATION & HEAT CONTROL
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Handling:For p erson al safety i t is recom m ended t o w ear clean dry gloves w hile hand ling t he sheets. Sl iding
of sheets over rou gh surfaces or o ver each ot her resul ts in scratches and upro ot ing Zinc fro m th e sheet
surface.
Storage:Due t o capil lary action, m oisture easi ly enters betw een th e surf aces of stacked sheets. In areas of
high humidi ty, wind takes them between the sheets. The trapped moisture between the sheets cannot
evaporate easi ly leading to deteriorat ion o f t he surface coat ing , a phenom enon kno w n as Wh i te Rust ing.
This leads to redu ced l i fe of sheets and p oo r app earance. In areas of high hu m idit y levels, i t is advisable to
have exhaust fans to reduce hum idi ty level ins ide t he sheet sto rage po int .
I f the sheets are not required for immediate use, i t should be stacked neat ly and c lear of the ground at
covered space. It is advisable to prot ect th em w i th w aterproof covers.
I f stacked sheets becom e w et, separate it w i thou t d elay, w ipe i t w i th a c lean c loth or saw dust and stack i t
und er sun t i l l i t dr ies tho roug hly.
Keep th e stacked sheets as far as possible aw ay from th e non -com pat ible m aterial as ind icated in Table-1.
Marking, cutt ing and drilling during installation:Avoid usage of b lack pencils, i .e. lead pencils, to m ark a
galvanised surface as the graphite content can create an electric cel l when wet and this may cause
deteriorat ion of the f in ish o f surface. One can u se coloured p encils or a f ine fel t - t ipped m arker.
For cutt ing t hin m etal sheetson si te, i t is recom m ended to use a hand o r electr ic saw w i th a m etal -cut t ing
blade since i t pr od uces lesser dam aging m etal part icles and b urr o n t he sheets.
Holes on t he sheetsshou ld be m ade by dri l l ing. Use of pun ch in m aking holes shou ld be avoided as i t m ay
not prod uce a c lean cut hole and m ay even d amage t he prof i le of t he sheet.
G E N E R A L C A R E A N D M A I N T EN A N C E
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TABLE- 1 : LIST OF NON -COM PATIBLE M ATERIALS
Limestone (com m only used in colouring th e cement w al ls)Pesticides
Wet and d ry concrete
Soils
Lead
Copper
Uncoated steel
Carbon (in pencils and some rubbers)
Chemical ly t reated wood or plywood
M aterials having excessive m oisture cont ent
(Non-seasoned timber, bitumen sheets and washers)
Not e: The l ist m ent ioned ab ove is not exhaust ive. In case of d oub ts on com patibi l i ty of ot her prod uctsbeing used w i th roo f ing sheets but no t m ent ioned abo ve, k indly seek advice from the m anufacturer ofGalvanised ro of ing sheets.
Maintenance:Besides roof design and th e environm ent, m aintenance also p lays an im po rtant role on t he
l i fe of a roof o r w al l. Maint enance includes the fol low ing:
Preferably, w ashin g should be do ne at least every six mon th s and m ore freq uent ly in coastal areas w here
m oisture in at m osphere cont ains high level of sal t .Washing of roof is also recom m ended in areas of high
industr ial izat ion , w hich have higher cont ent o f oxides of sulphu r, ni t rog en and chloride sal ts along w i th
hum idi ty in th e air.
Regular inspect ion of roof s and w al ls for prob lems before they become m ajor corrosion s i tes.
Remo val of fo reign p articles such as leaves and d ebris fro m gu tt ers and f lashing s.
Keep Wall Cladd ing s free of soi l , concrete and d ebris near th e grou nd .
Contact w ith incompatible material:To enh ance l i fe of galvanized steel sheets, it is imp ort ant to no te i ts
compat ib i l i ty wi th o ther commonly used mater ia l in cons t ruc t ion. Contac t wi th some non-compat ib le
m aterial and even w ater or m oistu re f low ing f rom such m aterial can adversely af fect th e l ife of the sheets.
G E N E R A L C A R E A N D M A I N T E N A N C E
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Infer ior and outdated technologyresults in unclean steel surfacel ead i ng t o Z i nc pee l -o f f andreduced sheet l i fe.
Low Zinc coat ing, not ver i f iablethrough naked eye whi le buyingnew GC sheet, results in lowersheet l i fe.
U n e v e n c o r r u g a t i o n s l e a dt o g a p s i n o v e r l a p p i n g t h a tensures a badly fabr icated roof and
poor w eather p roof ing .
I nadequa te c h roma te s o l u t i onresul ts in form at ion of w hi te rust .
Ordinary sheets are packaged in apoo r qu al ity p last ic th at resul ts indam age to sheets.
Pricing of ordinary GC sheets isoppurtunist ic and unfai r , which
m eans th at prices are unstable andprone to opp or tun ism
A poor d istribu tion netw ork in absenceof distribution guidelines results inirregular supply of GC sheets.
The thickness printed is very oftenincorrect and low er to the standardspecif ied th ickness.
GC SHEET ATTRIBUTESSI.No.
TATA SHAKTEE GC SHEET ORDINARY GC SHEET
Accurate tempering resists cracksand f issures.
1 Hardn ess inRoofing Sheets
Uneven tempering causes cracksdur ing instal lat ion.
Tensile Str eng th
Zinc Adherence
Zinc CoatingTechnolo gy
Zinc M ass
Overlapping
Physical Dimension
Chromat ing
Thickness
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H i g h t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h r e s i s t sexternal f orces.
Low tensi le strength results indam age and dent s.
Superior technology and processcontrol leads to c leaner steelsurface that enhan ces sheet l i fe.
Uni form 120 gsm Zinc coat ingth rou gh 'Feed Forw ard X-Ray
Coat ing Gauge ' ensures evensurface prot ect ion.
Non-uni form Zinc coat ing causespart s of GC sheet t o corro de faster.
Correctly printed thickness andZinc coating on sheet assures truevalue fo r m oney.
Ev e n c o r r u g a t i o n s e n s u r ep e r f e c t o v e r l a p p i n g t h a tresult s in a neat roof stru cture.
Length o f sheet equal or m ore thanstandard speci f ied length.
L e n g t h o f s h e e t l o w e r t h a nstandard specif ied lengt h.
Usage of the best and adequatec h r o m a t e s o l u t i o n p r e v e n t sform at ion o f w h i te rust .
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Packaging
Pricing
D ist r ibu t ion Network
Packaged w ith Blue W oven HDPE (450microns) and LDPE (250 microns)plastic and shielded by the edgepro tecto r that preserves sheet qu ality.
The Recom m ended Consum er Price(R C P )ens u res t ha t p r i c es a re
uni fo rm and t ransparent across thestate.
A netw ork com prising 3500 dealersand 2 8 distrib ut ors ensures excellentand regu lar sup ply.
Thickness of th e sheet is equal to ormore than the standard speci f iedthickness pr inted on the sheet.
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E D G E - A T A G L A N C E
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8/10/2019 Tata Shaktee
31/31
LIMITED