Tata Nama Freon-1
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I I. HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS AND THE]R PROPERTIES lative restrictions would be passed. Potential alternative propellants, their prop- erties and uses, are covered in the secondsection ofthis chapter. TERMINOLOGY Fluorocarbons are divided into two groups, depending on their flamrnability. Nonflammable fluorocarbons marketed by the Du Pont Company are given the trademark Freon@ to distinguish them from flammable fluorocarbons. The term "fluorocarbon" (FC) is broadly usedfor all types of organo-fluorine compounds employed as propellants regardlessof their flammability or commercial status. A further refinement of the term fluorocarbon can be made to distinguish clrlorofluoro0atbons (which contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine) from hydrochlorofluorocarbons (which contain hydrogen in addition to carbon, chlorine, and fluorine) and hydrofluorocarbons (which contain carbon, hydro- gen,and fluorine). Fluorocarbonsare manufactured worldwide. Producers and the trade names oftheir products are listedin Table 3-i. THE NUMBERING SYSTEM The various fluorocarbon propellants are usually distinguished only by a number after the trade name or term "fluorocarbon," for example, Freon@ 12,FC-LI, or fluorocarbon 114. The numbering system used for the different fluorinated compounds was de- veloped by the Du Pont Company n 1929 so that the chemical formula of a fluorocarbon could be determined from the number of the compound alone. Thus, it is possible to write both the empirical and structural formulas for fluorocarbons 11 , 12, ll4, etc., from the numbersof these products. The num- bering system can also be applied to hydrocarbonsand chlorinated hydrocar- bons. The system was offered to the refrigerationindustry in 1960 to establish uniformity in numbering refrigerants.a It is now usedby all U.S. manufacturers of fluorocarbons and applies to all products-propellants, refrigerants, blowing agents, and solvents-regardless of end use. The formulas of aerosolpropellantscan be written from the propellant num- bers by following seven rules. Rule 1. The first digit on the right signifies the number of fluorine (F) atoms in the compound. Rut-s 2. The seconddigit from the right is numerically one rnore than the num- ber of hydrogen(H) atoms in the compound.
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Transcript of Tata Nama Freon-1
I I . HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS AND THE]R PROPERTIES
lative restrictions would be passed. Potential alternative propellants, their prop-erties and uses, are covered in the second section ofthis chapter.
TERMINOLOGY
Fluorocarbons are divided into two groups, depending on their flamrnability.Nonflammable fluorocarbons marketed by the Du Pont Company are given thetrademark Freon@ to distinguish them from flammable fluorocarbons. The term"fluorocarbon" (FC) is broadly used for all types of organo-fluorine compoundsemployed as propellants regardless of their flammability or commercial status.A further refinement of the term fluorocarbon can be made to distinguishclrlorofluoro0atbons (which contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine) fromhydrochlorofluorocarbons (which contain hydrogen in addition to carbon,chlorine, and fluorine) and hydrofluorocarbons (which contain carbon, hydro-gen, and fluorine).
Fluorocarbons are manufactured worldwide. Producers and the trade namesoftheir products are listed in Table 3-i.
THE NUMBERING SYSTEM
The various fluorocarbon propellants are usually distinguished only by a numberafter the trade name or term "fluorocarbon," for example, Freon@ 12,FC-LI,or fluorocarbon 1 14.
The numbering system used for the different fluorinated compounds was de-veloped by the Du Pont Company n 1929 so that the chemical formula of afluorocarbon could be determined from the number of the compound alone.Thus, it is possible to write both the empirical and structural formulas forfluorocarbons 1 1 , 12, ll4, etc., from the numbers of these products. The num-bering system can also be applied to hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocar-bons. The system was offered to the refrigeration industry in 1960 to establishuniformity in numbering refrigerants.a It is now used by all U.S. manufacturersof fluorocarbons and applies to all products-propellants, refrigerants, blowingagents, and solvents-regardless of end use.
The formulas of aerosol propellants can be written from the propellant num-bers by following seven rules.
Rule 1. The first digit on the right signifies the number of fluorine (F) atoms inthe compound.
Rut-s 2. The second digit from the right is numerically one rnore than the num-ber of hydrogen (H) atoms in the compound.
