Taste & Smell. Smell vs. Taste? Nose Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium Many uses, including food...

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Taste & Smell

Transcript of Taste & Smell. Smell vs. Taste? Nose Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium Many uses, including food...

Page 1: Taste & Smell. Smell vs. Taste? Nose Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium Many uses, including food location Nose Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium Many.

Taste & Smell

Page 2: Taste & Smell. Smell vs. Taste? Nose Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium Many uses, including food location Nose Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium Many.

Smell vs. Taste?

• Nose

• Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium

• Many uses, including food location

• Nose

• Sensors in the Olfactory Epithelium

• Many uses, including food location

• Mouth, & many places

• Taste buds SCC

• Primarily for feeding

• Mouth, & many places

• Taste buds SCC

• Primarily for feeding

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WaterFlow

OlfactoryEpithelium

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Flaps

Flaps direct water through the nares and over the

olfactory epithelium

Water Flow

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ReliesHeavilyOn Smell

Smell not important

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Olfactory Epithelium Ciliated Cells

Molecules Whooshing by in the Water

Nerves to the brain

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Every Odor Molecule is a Little Bit Different

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Molecule “ keys” fit in olfactory cell “locks” and the fish perceives the smell of red squares, yellow circles, and purple triangles. This fish

can’t smell or .

Nerves to the brain

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0 50 500

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• Amino acids: The building blocks of protein. Some amino acids are more stimulatory than others.

• Steroids: Some fish are highly sensitive to hormones especially those related to reproductive activities– Prostaglandins: Hormones released

by female fish upon ovulation.

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Amino acids at concentrations of 1

part in 200,000,000,000

steroid hormones at 1 in

30,000,000,000,000

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1 in 200 billion = 6 mg/acre-ft

1 in 30 Trillion =0.04mg/ acre ft

800,000,000,000,000 molecules/tsp800,000,000,000,000 molecules/tsp

5,600,000,000 molecules/tsp5,600,000,000 molecules/tsp

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Taste Bud

NerveDermis

Epidermis

Water

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What Can They Taste ?

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What Can They Taste ?

• sweet, sour, bitter, salty, uma • Amino acids• Steroids: Sex hormones• Organic acids and nucleotides: • Carbon Dioxide: ??• Peptide toxins: Like marine puffer

toxin

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Solitary Chemoreceptor Cells:

SCC• Dispersed on external surface of fish

as well as on gills and in the oral cavity.

• These cells are sensitive to amino acids in some species but not others.

• They are especially adept at detecting fish mucus and some organic acids.

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Rockling

•6 million SCC

•dorsal fin•Prey detection

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Dorsal fin-Mucus and bile-Predator avoidance

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100 per square millimeter on

minnows and carp!

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Smell in Action

Smell in Action

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SalmonMigration

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2,300 miles

Yukon River

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Yukon River

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Snake River

Headwaters

Pacifi

c

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Life Cycles

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• Eggs: found in a redd

• Alevin: fry with yolk

• Parr: Fingerlings in fresh water, black bars

• Smolt: Fingerling ready for the sea, silver

• Adult: In the sea

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Spawns and then dies

Parr

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Does not die, returns to the sea

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Alevin

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Alevin

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Parr

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Parr

Parr

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Parr

Smolt

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Imprinting Theory

• Each stream has a unique chemical signature

• Young salmon learn the smell of their river

• Later as adults they home in on that smell and return home

• Each stream has a unique chemical signature

• Young salmon learn the smell of their river

• Later as adults they home in on that smell and return home

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Imprinting

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Pheromone Theory

• Young salmon live in the river for 2-5 years before migrating

• Young salmon are genetically similar to the adult salmon in the sea

• Young salmon release pheromones specific to their population

• Mature salmon smell the young and find the stream

• Young salmon live in the river for 2-5 years before migrating

• Young salmon are genetically similar to the adult salmon in the sea

• Young salmon release pheromones specific to their population

• Mature salmon smell the young and find the stream

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Pheromone

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Homing Theories

•Imprinting: Salmon smell the stream

•Pheromone: Salmon smell their kin

•Which is right?

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Stream Odorant Stream Odorant ExperimentsExperiments

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Pheromone: Pheromone: Kin recognitionKin recognition

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Adult Ranges of Pacific Salmon

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S

N

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QUIZ•Difference between taste

and smell•Lock and Key •Functions of taste and smell•Salmon life cycle (egg,

alevin, parr, smolt adult)•Salmon migration

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Smell•Nares and SSC•Lock and key

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Taste•Barbles, lips, mouth, skin

•Mostly for food•Also lock and key

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Taste and

Smell

• Safety– Fright Reaction– Toxin detection

• Feeding– Finding Food– Testing food

• Reproduction– Kin recognition– Homing– Reproductive Hormones

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• Eggs: found in a redd

• Alevin: fry with yolk

• Parr: Fingerlings in fresh water, black bars

• Smolt: Fingerling ready for the sea, silver

• Adult: In the sea