Task Force on Climate Change related Statistics Geneva, 19-20 November 2012

Improving official statistics in EU for the purposes of emission inventories and climate analysis

Júlio Cabeça, EurostatTask Force on Climate Change related Statistics

Geneva, 19-20 November 2012

19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 2

Contents

Eurostat & ESS: role & mission

The inventory process at EU level

The role of Eurostat (data provider) in the inventory

process

Eurostat as user of inventory data

Improving synergies


Eurostat

Statistical authority of the Union Its mission is to provide the European Union with a high-

quality statistical information service It shall develop, produce and disseminate European

statistics in accordance with the statistical principles of:– Professional independence– Impartiality– Objectivity– Reliability– Statistical confidentiality– Cost-effectiveness


The European Statistical System

Partnership between– the Community statistical authority, which is the Commission

(Eurostat),– and the national statistical institutes (NSIs)– and other national authorities responsible in each Member

State for the development, production and dissemination of European statistics


Structure of Eurostat

7 Directorates:– A: Cooperation in the European Statistical System;

international cooperation; resources– B: Corporate statistical and IT services– C: National accounts, prices and key Indicators– D: Government finance statistics (GFS)– E: Sectoral and regional statistics

• E2: Environmental Accounts and Climate Change• E3: Environment and Forestry

– F: Social statistics– G: Global business statistics


The EU GHG inventory system

MS1 MS2 MS3 …

EEA

DG CLIMA

UNFCCC

Eurostat

JRC

Improve quality

Harmonise

Evaluate



MS1 MS2 MS3 …

EEA

DG CLIMA

UNFCCC

Eurostat

JRC

Improve quality

Harmonise

Evaluate


Reference approach (Tier 1)

Top-down approach, straightforward method Uses country’s energy supply data (combustion of mainly

fossil fuels): Estimates CO2 emissions from based on national energy

balance (own production coal, oil, gas + imports – exports) by fuel type without information on activities

Easy/quickly after basic energy balance sheet is available Tool for cross-checking /comparing emission estimates of

CO2 with the sectoral approach (QA/QC) Rough idea of consumption: assumption that everything put

on the market is also consumed i.e. combusted Part of the oil and oil products is not combusted but used for

the production of plastic products etc.


Reference approach (Tier 1)

Reference approach:– Monthly statistical data reference approach (on a monthly

basis Eurostat only receives supply side data) Sectoral approach (Tier 1):

– Data provided by the consumers (industry, households, etc)– If good quality data, better and more realistic results– More data demanding and more difficult to implement

– Annual statistics can be used for both approaches as they contain supply side data and consumption data from final consumers

Tier 2/Tier 3 approach: detailed technology-based method


Early CO2 emission estimates

Project "Production of early CO2 emission estimates from

energy statistics"

– Calculation of early CO2 emission estimates (4 to 5 months

after the end of the reference year) using monthly cumulated

energy data

– Evaluation of a trend method to estimate early CO2 emissions

– Project extended


Analysis of GHG Emission Trends

DG CLIMA's project (JRC):– Objective: development of a method to systematically and

quantitatively analyse the influence of the main emission drivers on emissions trends

– Econometric approach– All GHG emissions excluding LULUCF, for EU27 & MS– Sectoral detail:– all sources (except LULUCF);– sources covered by the EU ETS) & other sources if possible– individual sectors (e.g. transport, power, buildings,

manufacturing industry, chemical industry, agriculture…)

Problem: (short) length of the time series


Industrial processes sector

Reference approach for the industrial processes sector:– Study if PRODCOM database may serve as an alternative /

complementary information source which would enforce the quality control and would provide a quality assured database

– Explore if PRODCOM data can be used for gap-filling the EC inventory where no country estimate is available for a particular source category

– Verification tool of the reported country data for QA/QC purposes.

Problems: – Confidential data– Sales vs. production


MS1 MS2 MS3 …

EEA

DG CLIMA

UNFCCC

Eurostat

JRC

Improve quality

Harmonise

Evaluate



MS1 MS2 MS3 …

EEA

DG CLIMA

UNFCCC

Eurostat

JRC



MS1 MS2 …

EEA

DG CLIMA

UNFCCC

JRC


Eurostat

MS3



Eurostat

UNFCCC

DG CLIMA

JRC

EEA

MS1 MS2 … ONS1 ONS2 …

Environmental Accounts

Nat

iona

l A

ccou

nts


Air Emissions Accounts

Reporting tables:– Air emissions by industry (NACE Rev. 2 – A*64):

• … Agriculture

• …• …• …

Services• …

– Household air emissions:• Transport• Heating/cooling• Other

– Bridging items


Air emissions accounts

Bridging items:Total air emission accounts (industry + households)

Less national residents abroad

– National fishing vessels operating abroad

– Land transport

– Water transport

– Air transport

Plus non-residents on the territory

+ Land transport

+ Water transport

+ Air transport

(+ or –) Other adjustments and statistical discrepancies

= Total emissions (pollutant X) reported to UNFCCC/CLRTAP


Residence vs. territorial principle

Residents Non-Residents

National Territory

Emissions on national territory by resident units

Emissions on national territory by non-resident units (foreign tourists, foreign transportation enterprises, foreign fishing vessels, embassies, etc.)

Emission inventory

Rest of the World

Emissions by resident units operating abroad (tourists, transportation enterprises, fishing vessels, embassies, military operations, etc.)

Air emissions accounts


Air Emissions Accounts

Regulation No. 691/2011 Time series:

– 1995-2007: NACE Rev. 1.1– 2008 onwards: NACE Rev. 2

Connected with National Accounts (Supply and Use, Input-Output Tables)

Modelling to obtain consumption approach: emissions embedded in imported goods consumed in EU– Other environmental extensions to SUIOT

Change from NACE Rev. 1.1 to NACE Rev. 2:– Break of times series– Decrease in detail of economic activities relevant to

environment (information lost)


Other work of Eurostat

Other modules in Reg. 691/2011:– Environmental taxes (annex 1)– Material Flow Accounts (annex 3)

To include in the future:– Environmental protection expenditure

• CEPA1: Protection of ambient air and climate (mitigation)– Environmental Goods and Services– Energy accounts

– …


Environmentally-extended SUIO

Ee-SUIOT framework incorporates DPSIR model at different stages:– Economic activity (e.g. output, GVA, employment)– Data on environmental pressures (GHG, other air pollutants)– Indicators– Responses (e.g. mitigation, adaptation, environmental taxes,

changes of consumption patterns) Incorporate environment into the macro-economic and

sustainable consumption and production policies


Improving synergies

Eurostat

UNFCCC

DG CLIMA

JRC

EEA

Env Ag ONS ONS ONS

Environmental Accounts

Nat

iona

l A

ccou

nts

Env Ag EnvAg


Improving synergies

Eurostat

UNFCCC

DG CLIMA

EEA

Env Ag ONS ONSEnvAg

National level

World level

UNSD

Data sourcesData exchange

Data exchangeHarmonisation

ClassificationsStandards


Improving synergies

Eurostat

National level

World level

UNSD

Data sourcesData exchange

Env Ag

Env Ag ONS

ONS

EEA

DG CLIMA

UNFCCC

Data exchangeHarmonisation

Policy questionData needs

ClassificationsStandards


Summary

EU GHG inventories (mostly) under responsibility of DG CLIMA, EEA and national Environmental Agencies

Eurostat contributes with data (e.g. reference approach) Eurostat publishes data on Air Emissions Accounts (which

address other policy questions and complement inventories) Environmental accounts link environmental pressures with

economic activity and to responses Need to intensify links between two networks:

– Statistical system– Environmental agencies

Better align classifications of UNFCCC and ISIC (NACE) Important to understand what are the policy questions and

data needs


Thank you…

[email protected]

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/environmental_accounts/introduction

mailto:[email protected]

Task Force on Climate Change related Statistics Geneva, 19-20 November 2012

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Transcript of Task Force on Climate Change related Statistics Geneva, 19-20 November 2012