Factors that Affect Language Learning StrategiesPrepared by : Siti Shahkirah Bte Shaharul A143853Prof Dr Mohamed Amin Bin Embi

From my opinion, these are the five factors that affect language learning strategies :

Gender

Cultural Background

Motivation

Learning Styles

Experiences in Studying a Language

Gender

Politzer, 1983

Females have consistently been reported as using LLSs more frequently than males.

Green & Oxford, 1995

Female students used Compensation and Affective strategies more frequently than the male ones.

Tran, 1988; Wharton, 2000

Males used learning strategies more than females when learning a language.

Griffiths, 2003

A significant relationship between strategy use and course level was found, while there was no statistically significant differences according to either gender or age with strategy use.

Cultural Background

Politzerof & McGroarty, 1985

• To use certain types of strategies, and many language learning strategies may be based on ethnocentric assumptions about effective language learning.

Bedell (1993)

• Different cultural groups use particular kinds of strategies at different levels of frequency (cited in Oxford et al., 1995). Furthermore, Asian students

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Politzer & McGroarty, 1985

Asian students tend to prefer rote memorisation and rule-oriented strategies.

Oxford, 1994

Taiwanese students seem far more structured, analytical, memory-based, and metacognitively oriented than other groups.

O’Malley & Chamot, 1990

Asian students prefer their own established rote learning strategies, and showed Asian students to be less willing than Hispanic students to try new learning techniques (O’Malley et al., 1985).

Motivation

Tamada, 1996

Both intergrative and instrumental motivation had a significant effect on learners’ choice of LLSs.

Chang and Huang, 1999

The study showed that the total number of learning strategies were associated with motivational level.

Social strategies were the least frequently used strategies by the participants and the only one associated with extrinsic motivation.

MacLeod, 2002

The strategy use was not affected by the participants’ particular motivational orientation (whether instrumental or integrative), but, rather, by motivational level.

Learning Styles

Ehrman and Oxford, 1990

Show a strong preference for social strategies, while introverts use metacognitive strategies more frequently.

Rossi-Le, 1995

Learners who favour group study are shown to use social and interactive strategies, such as working with peers or requesting clarification.

Experiences in Studying a Language

Purdie and Oliver, 1999

The language learning strategies used by bilingual school-aged children coming from three main cultural groups: Asian (predominantly Vietnamese or Chinese dialect speakers), European (children who spoke Greek and those who identified themselves as speakers of Macedonian), and speakers of Arabic.

Carlson, 1990

Studying abroad is deemed to have an influence on students’ thought and learning style, especially in their actual ability in language learning.

Thank you…