EU Project Development of Estonian Air Quality Management

System- actions and outcomesLa Rochelle, 26 -27 October 2006

Tarmo Pauklin

Estonian Environmental Research Centre

The BackgroundThe Background

According to the Air Quality Framework Directive According to the Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62/EC, all EU Member States,96/62/EC, all EU Member States,which do not have representative measurements of the which do not have representative measurements of the levels of pollutants for all zones andlevels of pollutants for all zones and agglomerationsagglomerationsshall undertake series of representative shall undertake series of representative measurements, surveys or assessmentsmeasurements, surveys or assessmentsin order to have the data available for implementation in order to have the data available for implementation of the Directiveof the Directive.

Authorities responsible for air pollution abatement in Estonia

Ministry ofEnvironment

EstonianEnvironmental

Research Centre

EnvironmentalInformation

Centre

EnvironmentalInspectorate

CountyEnvironmentalDepartments

Previous Phare projects

EL Phare Air Accession Twinning Project ES98/ IB-EN-018a, Air Quality management: issues for EU accession

EL Phare Air Accession Project ES 9805.02, Supply of Air Monitoring Equipment (Investment)

Development of Estonian Air Quality Management System was one of the main recommendation made by the Twinning project.

What is Air Quality Management?

An endless loop ofo Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Datao Emission Databaseso Air Quality Modelling Training Evaluation

Principle of the system

Dispersionmodelling

Emissions

Meteorologicaldata

Air qualitymonitoring

Calculatedlevels

Checkingemissions

Based on meteorology and emission inventories the levels of air pollutants are calculated using dispersion modelling. Calculated levels are compared with measured values. If calculated and measured values are different the emission sources are checked by measurements.

Scheme of National AQMS

Air Emission Databaseand Modelling

Emission Database(EIC)

Meteorology(EMHI) Air Quality Monitoring

Stations (EERC)

Background Urban IndustryMobile stations

Public Accessto Information

EnvironmentalSupervision (EIC)

Media WWW Screens

StrategicalDecision-makińg

ReportingUN/EU

CEDs Planners

Localgovernments

The GoalThe Goal of the Project of the Project::

To Provide EstoniaTo Provide Estoniawith awith a

Modern NationwideModern NationwideAir Quality Management SystemAir Quality Management System

Progress of the project

As the tender was technically very complicated the preparation and approvement of final Tender Dossier took 17 months (November 2002 – April 2004)

The first draft version of Tender Dossier was sent to Ministry of Finance (MoF) in 14th of November 2002. Analysis of the Tender Dossier was made by the Expert

The deadline for submission of offers for the supply component was on the 28th of June 2004 and there were two tenders. The evaluation of tenders took place in two periods totally from 28th of June until 30 November of 2004

The contract was signed with SMHI on 16 of February 2005

Duration of the project- one year, budget 3,5 MEUR

Main obligations of the Estonian AQMS according the Project

National obligations – reporting to the EU and international organizations

Maintaining and ensuring good air quality by planning activities and assessments

Dissemination of the information to public regarding the air quality in Estonia

Components of the Project

Air Quality Modelling Internet Based Application System Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring Stations Meteorological Measurement Equipment Passives Sampler Campaigns Laboratory Equipment Computers Training

Main Partners

Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC)via the formal BeneficiaryThe Ministry of Environment

SMHI, Sweden Apertum, Sweden (Internet System) Candela, Poland (Laboratory Equipment) Conexor, Sweden (Project Management) FDS, Sweden (Meteorological Equipment) Horiba, Germany (Monitoring Equipment) IVL, Sweden (Passive Samplers) Kernel, Estonia (Computers)

Main Estonian Partners

Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC) Ministry of Environment (MoE) Environmental Information Centre (EIC) Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (EMHI) Environmental Inspectorate (EI) County Environmental Departments City / Municipality Environmental Departments with Tallinn City as

the leading agency

AirViro

One corner stone is that only ONE software application installation is needed (in the Central Office).

Users at the Central Offices access via the Local Area Network (LAN).

County Offices access via the Internet utilising a standard PC with Office Package and an Internet connection. No additional application/software installations are needed at the County Offices.

Project supply

Workstations – air quality experts at EI and CEDs were equipped with workstations and laptops to use the system

Two identical IBM server systems – in EERC and EIC, mirrored with each other

Server system, workstations and IAirViro software with extensive training and development (creation of emission databases, meteorological databases etc)

Air Quality Modelling

Wind model Langrangean / Gaussian

model Grid model MATCH model Heavy gas model Street canyon model Receptor model

Emission Database

Organizes emission information Provides reporting functions

for local and EU use Provides simulation functions Input to dispersion modelling

Upgrading the monitoring stations

Existing monitoring stations were upgraded. Analyzers were replaced and new components added

Meteorological masts added to background stations

Displaceable monitoring stations for modelling purposes were equipped

Air Quality Monitoring Equipment

Three new monitoring stations will measure

SO2

NOX

O3

PM 10 / 2.5 TSP BTX

C O M 1 C O M 2 C O M 1 C O M 2

D i g i t a l I / O

+

-

A D C D A C

R S 2 3 2

C P U

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

- H V

P

B l a c k C a r b o n D e t e c t o r

T S P - h e a d / P M - 1 0 / P M - 2 . 5

S i m u l t a n e o u s P a r t i c u l a t e s a m p l i n g a n d M e a s u r e m e t

F i l t e r b a n d

A i r F l o w M e a s u r e m e n t a n d - A i r F l o w R e g u l a t i o n

1 M e a s u r e m e n t - I - C h a m b e r 2 D u s t S a m p l i n g 3 S u c t i o n C h a m b e r 4 K r - 8 5 g a s e o u s S o u r c e 5 C o m p e n s a t i o n C h a m b e r I 6 C o m p e n s a t i o n C h a m b e r I I 7 C o m p . - I - C h a m b e r

Estonian AQ monitoring network

Urban stations

Background stations

Meteorological Equipment

Three 24 meter masts will provide input to large scale modelling

– Ultrasonic Anemometers(x, y, z) wind components

– Differential temperature– Temperature– Humidity– Precipitation

Contract with EMT was signed to use existing GSM masts for the meteorological sensors and their infrastructure for data collection.

Advanced meteorological masts

Air quality modelling is based on meteorological parameters. For the system currently four masts are used.

Meteorological mast in Tallinn operates since 1994

Passive Samplers

The pollutant is transported to the sorbent by molecular diffusion

Sampling time1 – 4 weeks

SO2, NO2, VOC 145 samplers per

campaign;3 campaigns nationwide

Passive Samplers Campaigns

The measurement campaigns show very low SO2 and NO2 values for background sites.

Some city locations have rather high levels of NO2 and VOC.

Laboratory Equipment

Chromato-mass detector for organic pollution determination

High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and UV detector (ketones + aldehydes)

Heavy metal detection equipment ICP (air + precipitation)

International Reporting

Functions for regular reporting to EU

Optimized use of a modern

Air Quality Monitoring System Problems

? Many organizations involved? Re-organisations occur? Staff competence and training? Service & Maintenance of

computers, monitoring equipment, etc

? System Manager function? Daily operations? Use of reports and results? Maintenance of Emission

Database ? Daily checks

Optimized use of a modernAir Quality Monitoring System Solutions

+ Structured organization+ Clarified responsibilities and interfaces+ Allocated resources

International obligations

Reporting pursuant to directive 2004/461/EEC covering air quality measurements carried out according air quality framework directive and daughter directives

Reporting of the ozone concentrations according the directive 2002/3/EC

Dissemination of the monitoring information to public according air quality framework directive 96/62/EC

Development of the action plans according the air quality framework directive 96/62/EC

EMEP reporting to Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) EIONET reporting (DEM format) Composing of the digital pollution maps

National obligations

Coordination of the ambient air quality monitoring in the zones and agglomerations

Planning of the air quality measurement campaigns in problematic areas and consultation

Composing and distributing printed matter about the importance of the air quality

Verifying air emission databases using combination of the modelling and monitoring

Measurement and comparison of the levels of the 13 priority pollutants with limit values

Development and implementation of the new analysis and sampling methods for ambient air pollutants

Other obligations

Development and keeping up to date of the local air emission databases

Assessment of the new pollution permits regarding existing pollution levels

Comparing existing pollution permits with the national emission database

Introducing traffic counting data to the emission database

Inserting meteorological data from other institutions to the air quality management system

Obligations of the EERC

Checking emission data by comparison of the modelling results with national monitoring

Assessment of the background concentrations and dissemination of the digital concentration maps

Maintenance and development of the AQMS Assisting inspection authorities to solve causes of the specific

pollution episodes (monitoring + modelling) Forecast pollution distribution and dispersion during big accidents

(precalculated and assessed scenarios for big pollution sources and industries)

Development of the air quality action plans with county environmental departments and local authorities

Other obligations

Development and maintenance of the county air emission databases

Checking existing pollution level prior issuing new air pollution permits

Checking and comparison of the existing pollution permits with the national emission database

Introducing traffic counting data to the emission database

Inserting meteorological data from other institutions to the air quality management system

Problematic pollutants in Estonia

Exceedencies of PM10 limit values in Tallinn and in other cities;

In background stations ozone concentrations tend to exceed even new target values during spring and summer months;

In Kohtla-Järve area (oil-shale industry) high levels of specific pollutants are of great concern – hydrogen sulphide, phenols and formaldehyde.

Concentration of H2S

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

SPV1 = 8 g/m3

Ko

nts

entr

atsi

oo

n, g

/m3

September Oktoober November Detsember

In September 2004 automatic H2S analyzer was installed.

Problem in Kohtla-Järve

Monitoring station

Enterprises

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1

2

3

4

5

6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

NW

W

SW

S

SE

E

NE

kon

tsen

trat

sio

on

, g

/m3

N

H2S concentrations in Kohtla-Järvel

Biggest threats to the system

Quality of the output of the system depends on quality of the input data – main source of the errors is air emission database

Most important partner is county environmental department (inserting and checking new emission data), without adequate emission data activities of the other partners is irrelevant

Long-term financing of the maintenance of the system and accompanying obligations, enacting exact obligations of the parties

Conclusions and lessons learnt

The first nationwide edb is developed (3500 point sources, 2900 road links)

– New type of sources (house holds, traffic, trains, planes) staff Plans & programs Kohtla- Järve, Muuga harbor Drafting action plans for Tallinn agglomeration and Ida-

Virumaa zone inform public about air quality and pollution episodes (

http://mail.klab.ee/seire/airviro)

Thank you for your attention!

Tarmo.pauklin@klab.ee