Tap Huan Chan Nuoi

8/3/2019 Tap Huan Chan Nuoi

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train_extension_crop_manual_husbandry_VN 1

Ministry of Planning and

Investment

CACERPCapacity Building for Central Region Poverty Reduction

TA Project 3772 VIE Asian Development Bank

Level 4, MPI Project Building, 2 Hoang Van Thu St, Hanoi, Vietnam. Tel./fax (84-4) 7341 311, tel. 7341 310, email [email protected]

TI LIU TP HUN

KK TTHHUUTT CCHHNN NNUUII

Bin son: Nguyn B Mi, Tn Tht Sn, Lng Tt Nh, Nguyn Th MiB sung: TS. V Vn Lit

H Ni -Thng 12 nm 2003


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Mc Lc

Ch 1 ...................................................................................................................................3K THUT NUI LN NI TRONG NNG H ...............................................................3

1.1. Mt s ging ln ni v ln lai nui ni ........................................................31, Ln Mng Ci ..............................................................................................................32, Ln ...............................................................................................................................43, Ln Lang Hng ............................................................................................................44, Ln Mng Khng...................................................................................................45, Ln Ba Xuyn ..............................................................................................................46, Ln Thuc Nhiu .........................................................................................................47, Ln trng Ph Khnh..................................................................................................58, Ln lai F1......................................................................................................................5

1.2 Ln ni mng ci ........................................................................................................51.2.1. Chn ging.............................................................................................................5

1.2.2. Mt sc im ca ln ni mng ci .............................................................61.2.3. K thut chm sc nui dng ln ci hu b .................................................81.2.4, K thut nui dng ln ni cha ...................................................................101.2.5. K thut nui ln ni v ln con theo m..................................................121.2.6. Nui dng ln con giai on theo m v sau cai sa ...............................141.2.7. Mt s bnh thng gp ln m sau khi v ln con...........................141.2.8 Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ..................................................................................17

Ch 2 .................................................................................................................................17BI GING KTHUT CHN NUI GIA CM ...............................................................17

2.1 K thut nui g ........................................................................................................172.1.1 Ging g v k thut chn ging g ................................................................172.1.2 thc n v dinh dng g th vn.................................................................21

2.1.3 Nui chm sc g th vn..............................................................................262.2 K thut nui ngan v vt.....................................................................................30

2.2.1. Cc ging ngan, vt hin ang nui ph bin Vit nam . ..........................302.2.2. Kthut chn vt ngan ging .............................................................................332.2.3: Kthut nui dng chm sc vt , ngan .......................................................352.2.4. Kthut nui dng, chm sc vt, ngan sinh sn ........................................372.2.5 Cng tc v sinh phng bnh cho ngan vt .....................................................39

Ch 3: K THUT NUI LN THT TRONG NNG H ........................................423.1. Cc ging ln nng dn thng nui ..............................................................423.2. Chn ging ................................................................................................................423.3. Chung tri ................................................................................................................433.4. K thut nui dng v chm sc......................................................................43

3.4.1. Thc n cho ln:.................................................................................................433.4.2. Tiu chun thc n hn hp.............................................................................433.4.4. K thut nui dng...........................................................................................453.4.5. Ch bin thc n ................................................................................................463.4.6. Mt s bnh truyn nhim thng gp ln ................................................473.4.6. Tnh l li trong chn nui ln tht...................................................................51

Ch 4: K THUT CHN NUI D SA, D THT ................................................524.1. Vai tr v ngha chn nui d gia nh ......................................................524.2. K thut chn nui d sa, tht...........................................................................52


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4.2.1 Gii thiu v cc ging d sa, tht, hin c Vit Nam..............................524.2.2 K thut chn ging v phi ging ....................................................................54

4.3. Thc n v k thut nui dng.........................................................................574.3.1. Cc loi thc n cho d .....................................................................................574.3.2 K thut chm sc nui dng .........................................................................58

4.4. K thut xem rng tnh tui .................................................................................634.5. K thut ct, kh sng d .....................................................................................634.6. K thut bt gi d ..................................................................................................644.7. K thut ct mng chn d ...................................................................................644.8 K thut lm chung ................................................................................................64

4.8.1 Nguyn tc lm chung d.................................................................................644.8.2 K thut lm chung tri .....................................................................................65

4.9. Bnh v phng bnh cho d................................................................................674.9.1 Nhng bnh gy nn do vi rt v vi khun ......................................................674.9.2. Nhng bnh k sinh trng .................................................................................694.9.3. Cc bnh do dinh dng v tiu ho. .............................................................714.9.4 Cch tim v cho d ung thuc.......................................................................72

Ch 5 : PHT TRIN CHN NUI B.......................................................................735.1. t vn ..................................................................................................................735. 2. Ging b Vit Nam .................................................................................................73

5.2.1. c im ca mt s ging b: ........................................................................73B Ph Yn .............................................................................................................................74

5. 2.2. Nng sut ca mt s ging b Vit Nam .....................................................745.3. Kh nng sinh trng ............................................................................................75

5.3.1. Khi nim v sinh trng v c s di truyn ca sinh trng....................755.3.2. c im sinh trng ........................................................................................755.3.3c im trong gii on sinh trng: .............................................................75

5.4 K thut nui b tht.................................................................................................775.4.1. K thut nui b ci sinh sn ............................................................................775.4.2. K thut nui b tht............................................................................................78

Bng 2. Tng trng b tht lai...........................................................................................785.4.3 Sinh trung v kh nng phc hi sinh trng ..............................................78

5.5. Thnh phn ca sa b .........................................................................................79+ Khc nhau theo loi, ging ...........................................................................................79

Ch 1

K THUT NUI LN NI TRONG NNG H

1.1. Mt s ging ln ni v ln lai nui ni

1, Ln Mng CiC ngun gc huyn Mng Ci, tnh Qung Ninh, ln Mng Ci c c im ngoi

hnh l u en, gia trn c mt m trng hnh tam gic hoc hnh thoi. Mm trng, bng


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v bn chn trng. Phn trng ny c ni nhau bng mt vnh trng vt qua vai, lm chophn en cn li trn lng v mng c hnh dng nh ci yn nga. Nhc im l lngvng, bng s. Ln Mng Ci mn (2 la/nm), nhiu con (10-16 con/la), kho nuicon, ln ci c 12-14 v. Ln phm n, chu ng kham kh tt. Lc 4-5 thng tui nng30-35 kg, 6-7 thng tui: 45-50 kg, 12 thng tui: 60-65 kg.

* u im ca ln Mng Ci:+ Thch hp vi iu kin nhiu vng sinh thi chn nui+ n c nhiu loi thc n, k c cc loi thc n d tha+ C kh nng chu ng kham kh, sc chng bnh cao

2, Ln Tm vc nh hn Mng Ci, ton thn mu en, mt ngn, trn c nhiu np nhn,

chn ngn, mn ngn. Lng vng, bng s, chn yu.

Khi lng c th lc 8 thng tui t trung bnh 35 kg, 10 thng tui nng 45 kg.Ln thnh thc sm, ng dc ln u lc 100 ngy tui, c 8 - 10 v, 8 - 10 con/la.* u im ca ln :

+ Thnh thc sm, chu ng kham kh, d thch nghi vi nhiu vng sinh thi+ Nui con kho, mn

3, Ln Lang HngLn Lang Hng l ging ln a phng Bc Ninh, c pha mu cu ln Mng CiLn c mu lng da en trng khng n nh, tm vc nhLn ci c t 10 - 12 v, 10 -12 con /la. S la /ni/nm: 1,6 - 1,8. Ln con 2

thng tui t t 5,5 - 6,0 kg/con

4, Ln Mng Khng

C ngun gc Mng Khng, huyn Bt st, tnh Lo CaiLng en tuyn, c con c m trng trn v 4 chn, c khc ui tai to r che knhai mt, tm vc trung bnh, mnh lp

Ln thnh thc mun hn so vi ging Mng Ci, , Lang Hng. S con ra 8 - 10con/la. Ln con 2 thng tui t 6,0 - 6,5 kg/con.

5, Ln Ba XuynL ging lai gia ln B X v ln Becsia. Ln c nui nhiu tnh Cn Th,

Minh Hi, Sc TrngLn c mu lng khoang trng en, phn b khng u trn thn, tm vc trung

bnh, trng mnh va, mn ngnLn ni 8 - 10 con/la

6, Ln Thuc NhiuL ln lai gia ging ln trng B X vi ln Yoocsia vng Thuc Nhiu, huyn

Cai Ly, tnh Tin Giang. Ging ln ny c nui ph bin vng nc ngt thuc ngbng sng Cu long.

Mu lng trng tuyn, c m en nh mt, mnh ngn, tai hi nh v pha trc,tm vc trung bnh

Mn , ln ni 10 - 12 con/la


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7, Ln trng Ph Khnhc hnh thnh trn nn chnh l ging ln ca phng vi s pha mu ca mt

s ging ngoi nh Yoocsia, Duroc hnh thnh nn nhm ln lai c mu trng, c nng sutcao hn.

Ton thn mu trng, lng tha, da mn bng, tai ng, u nh, ngc su, lngthng, bng to khng s

S con 10 - 11 con/la, s la /ni/nm: 1,4 -1,6 . Ln con 50 ngy tui t 7,0- 7,5 kg

8, Ln lai F1L con lai gia ln m ni (Mng Ci, , ln a phng khc) v ln b ngoi (i bch,

Yoocsai, Landrat). Con lai thng c mu lng trng hoc lang trng en (mu lng theob), kh nui, nu c u t tt th ln nhanh, t l tht nc cao hn ging ni v cho hiuqu kinh t cao.

Ln ni lai F1 mn , nui con kho, trung bnh t 10 - 11 con/la, con lai 2thng tui t trung bnh t 11 - 12 kg. S la/ni/nm: 1,9 - 2,0.

1.2 Ln ni mng ci1.2.1. Chn ging* Khi nim ln ci hu bi:

Ln ci hu bc tnh t khi chn ging gy hu b (2 - 3 thng tui) n ngy phiging ln u tin.

i vi ln Mng Ci, ln Lang Hng, Ln , ln Ba Xuyn, ln Mng Khng lgiai on t 6 - 8 kg n 50 - 60 kg

i vi ln ging l ln lai F1 (c ngoi x ni ni), tc l ci hu b c b l cging ngoi v c m l ging ln ni th giai on hu b l t 10 - 12 kg n 80 - 85 kg.

1, Yu cu v ngun gcChn ln ci l con ca cp b m cao sn (ln m sai, mn , tt sa, nui con

kho, ln b phi vi ln ci t t l c thai cao). Nu chn ln ci hu b gy ni, ri sau

phi vi c thun bn ci hu b th phi bit rt c th v lai lch ca b v m.2, Cc thi im tin hnh chn ln ci hu bLn ci hu b c th chn qua 2 ln, ph bin vo cc tui sau: ln th nht,

chn tui 2 - 3 thng; ln th hai chn vo thi im trc khi phi ging2.1 Chn ln 1: lc 2 - 3 thng tuiPhi bit r lai lch ca con ging, l con cu cp b m c nng sut cao. Chn ln

ci t nhng con m mn , nhiu con. Thng thng chn nhng con t la th 3n la th 6 l tt nht.* Yu cu v ngoi hnh:

- Con ging phi in hnh cho ging. V d: mun chn con ging Mng Ci chunphi chn nhng con c hnh "yn nga trn lng", nu khng c hnh yn nga chng tcon ging b pha tp.

- Tm nhng con hay n, mm b, gc ui to, ngc n;

- c im v ging phi biu hin r rng, c th pht trin chc kho, khng lynhng con bo sm. Chn nhng con da mng, lng tha;

-u v c: u to va phi, mm b, c di va phi;- Vai rng, y n, ngc su rng;- Lng rng, di t vng, sn su, bng gn;- Bn chn: mng rng, ui to, i sau pht trin tt, 4 chn chc chn, khong

cch gia hai chi sau rng, mng kht, i li t nhin;- Khng chn nhng con c cc khuyt tt nh: ng rn, chn i vng king hay hnh

ch bt- Tnh phm n, hin lnh


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- V: tu thuc vo ging nu l ging Mng Ci, Thuc Nhiu, Lang Hng, ni lai F1th s v phi t 12 tr ln. Nu l ln i, ln Ba Xuyn, ln Mng Khng th s v phi ct 10 tr ln

Khng chn nhng con c v k (v lp, v tt). V k l v khng c kh nng titsa. Chn ln c u v l r (nm v di), khong cch gia cc v u

- m h: chn nhng con c m h pht trin bnh thng, khng c d tt2.2 Chn ln 2: trc khi a vo phi gingLn ny chn cn c vo :

* Kh nng sinh trng: loi b nhng ci chm ln, khi lng cn t c 7 - 8 thngtui cc ging ln khc nhau l khc nhau v vy ta cn cn c vo c im ca tngging nh gi kh nng sinhh trng pht trin ca ln. V d: lc 8 thng tui, lnMng Ci t 55 - 60 kg; ln lai F1 (MCxB) t 75 - 80 kg). Ln m sinh trng pht trinkm c lin quan ti kh nng sinh trng ca n con sau ny.

- Kim tra cht lng v: nht nh phi loi thi nhng ln ci hu b c s v khngt yu cu (v k nm v khng l r, phn b khng u)

- Nu ln ci bau mng, chn yu th loi thi. Ln ni au chn d b cht con,nht l vo nhng ngy u mi sinh khi ln con cn yu.

- Cn c vo din bin ng dc ca ln ci. Ci ging ln ni nh Mng Ci, Lang

Hng, i thnh thc sm, cc ging ln nh Mng Khng, Ba Xuyn, Thuc Nhiu thnhthc mun hn. S loi nhng ln ci ng dc qu mun, v d sau 9 thng khng ngdc.

- Chn m h: loi nhng ln ci c m h qu b so vi c im ca ging hoc bd tt

1.2.2. Mt sc im ca ln ni mng ci1, S thnh thc v tnh v th vcHot ng sinh l sinh dc cu ln ni c tnh t lc n bt u thnh thc v tnh,

lc ny c quan sinh dc nh bung trng, m o, t cung, tuyn sa pht trin honchnh m bo cho qu trnh sinh sn. Ngoi ra n cn xut hin cc c im sinh dcph v c phn x v tnh.

Tui thnh thc v tnh ca gia sc khc nhau, ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh

ging, gii tnh, dinh dng, kh hu, ma vLn ni tui thnh thc v tnh sm hn lnngoi. V d ln ni l 4 - 5 thng; ln ngoi l 8 - 10 thng.Ngi ta thy rng thi gian thnh thc v tnh ca ln ci khng phi l mt hng s

m n bin ng ph thuc vo ging, dinh dng, ma v v siu ho ca thn kinh thdch. Khi gia sc thnh thc v tnh th c sau mt khong thi gian nht nh trong cth gia sc v nht l c quan sinh dc ca con ci c nhng bin ng khc nhau, kmtheo l s rng trng c lp i lp li nhiu ln, hin tng ny xy ra theo mt chu k vc gi l chu k tnh. Chu k tnh trung bnh ca ln ni l 21 ngy (bin ng t 18 -24ngy) tu thuc vo tng ging ln

Trong chu k tnh con vt c nhng biu hin khc nhau theo tng giai on: trcng dc, ng dc, sau ng dc v yn tnh. mi giai on ny con vt cng c nhngbiu hin v sinh l, sinh sn khc nhau, cc c quan sinh dc ngai cng thay i v musc, kch thc v xut hin dch nhy (m h sng , c dch nhy chy ra.. km theo

bn, ku rng).Thng thng tui thnh thc v tnh ca gia sc sm hn tui thnh thc v thvc. Khi ln ci mi thnh thc v tnh, tuy cc c quan sinh dc pht trin hon chnh vc kh nng giao phi nhng th vc cha pht trin y , cha d tr dinh dng mang thai do vy khng nn cho phi ging. Nu cho phi ging qu sm ln con rakhng nhiu, con yu nh hng n tm vc v sc kho cng nh thi gian s dng cacon ging sau ny. Nhng nu phi ging cho ln ni qu mun th khng nhng lng phthc n m trong nhng kng dc ln t n, khng n hoc ph phch nn nh hngn sinh trng. Tui thnh thc v th vc ca ln ni thng t 7 - 9 thng


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2, S trng rngTrong qu trnh hot ng sinh sn ca gia sc, mun c qu trnh rng trng v th

thai phi xy ra s hnh thnh cc t bo trng, s thnh thc v rng trng. Di tc dngca hormon FSH ca tuyn yn, t bo ht xung quanh bao non phn chia nhiu, lm khilng bao non tng ln, ng thi LH kch thch t bo ht tit ra Estrogen v dch. Lngdch nhiu lm th tch bao non tng v ni ln trn b mt bung trng, l cc nonchn c dng knh t 0,8 - 1,2 cm.

LH ca tuyn yn tng tit c tc dng hot ho enzym phn gii protein lm vch tbo bao non mng ra v v, trng c ri ra khi bung trng gi l s rng trng. Miln trng rng ko di t 6 - 10 gi. S trng rng trong mt chu kng dc ln u tin l11; chu k th hai l 12; ni trng thnh l 21; trung bnh l 15 - 20.

S lng trng rng tu thuc vo ging, tui, nng hormon FSH v LH, ngoi racn ph thuc vo i kin dinh dng. Nu khu phn thiu protein s lm gim s trngrng. S lng trng rng sau mt chu kng dc l gii hn cao nht ca s con ratrong mt la. Trong thc t mi ln ln ni trn di 10 con. Nh vy bao gi s trngrng cng nhiu hn s con ra, s chnh lch c th do mt s trng rng nhngkhng c th tinh v mt s trng c th tinh nhng khng pht trin thnh hp t. Dos trng rng chu k 1 t, nn ln thng cho phi ging chu k 2 hoc 3. S lng

trng rng chu nh hng ca giao phi cn huyt, h s cn huyt c tng ln 10% th strng rng s gim t 0,6 - 1,7 trng.

3, Th tinhTh tinh l qu trnh ng ho gia trng (n NST) v tinh trng (n NST) to thnh

hp t (2n NST) c bn cht hon ton mi v c kh nng phn chia nguyn nhim lintip to thnh phi, l kt qu ca s ti t hp cc gen t hai ngun gen khc nhau.

S th tinh ph thuc ch yu vo thi im phi ging. Thi gian ng dc ca lnni ni l 3 ngy, thi gian chu c 2 ngy, thi gian ng dc ca ni ngoi thun ko di5 - 7 ngy nhng thi gian chu c chkhong 2,5 ngy, phi ging trong thi gian chu ct kt qu cao nht.

S la chn ca trng trong qu trnh th tinh: trng lun chn tinh trng c quan hxa vi trng v ch nhng tinh trng kho mnh

V d: trn tinh dch ca c Mng Ci vi tinh dch ca c ngoi trng (50/50), ktqu 3/4 s con sinh ra c mu lng trng, 1/4 s con sinh ra c mu lng en.Khi phi ging trc tip, anh rhng ca con c s lm tng t l th thai. Th tinh

nhn to c th lm gim t l th thai do k thut phi ging khng tt.Hiu qu sinh sn km nht vo cc thng c nhit cao v thi gian chiu sng

gim. Nhit cao trong khng kh c ch hot ng ng dc, v n ko di trong vng 15ngy sau giao phi, t l th thai gim r rt. Nhit khng kh cao cng lm ln chmng dc tr li.

4, T l cht phi v t l cht thaiT l cht phi v cht thai ni chung t lc th tinh n lc chim 30 - 40% v

gn 1/3 s ri vo giai on u ca k c cha. Theo nghin cu ca nhiu tc gi thygiai on 9 - 13 ngy sau khi phi l giai on khng hong ca s pht trin v phn ln

cc trng hp cht phi din ra trong giai on ny. Khi m ln ni vo thi k cha nghin cu thy trong t cung ca ln c 12 thai bnh thng v 11 thai khc ang ccgiai on teo khc nhau.

Mi quan h dinh dng v t l cht phi tc ng qua li vi nhau r rt. Nu thiutrm trng vitamin v khong c th gy cht ton phi, thiu viatmin A ln ni sy thai hoc non.

nh gi kh nng sinh sn cu ln ni ngi ta dng chtiu: s ln con caisa/ni/nm, v vy s con s sinh trong chnh l tnh trng nng sut rt quan trng quyt nh nng sut ca ln ni.

Cc nguyn nhn ch yu lm ln con cht trong giai on t s sinh n cai sa l:


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+ B m+ Thiu mu+ Cht khi ra+ Khi lng s sinh thp+ Dinh dng km+ Cm lnh+ Bnh ng rut+ Bi+ Ln mn+ Do bnh truyn nhim

1.2.3. K thut chm sc nui dng ln ci hu b1. Chung tri cho ln niChung tri phi cao ro, thong mt, sch, c nh sng mt tri vo bui sng,

hngng - Nam.Din tch: Chung nui: 4 m2/con; Sn chi: 4 m2/con.i vi ci hu b : 2 m2/con, nn nui 4 - 6 con/Nn chung: Bn, chc, m bo dc 2%. Tt nht nn lt gch hoc lng xi

mng nn chung.

Mng n: nn xy bng gch trng xi mng vi kch thc: 40cm x 30 cm x 15 cm;c th dng bng mng g.Vch ngn: Cao 80 - 90 cm, c ca ra vo, c tp n cho ln conMi chung: T nn ti trn cao 2m tr nn, vt liu lp mi m bo chng nng.Phn, rm che: Chng gi, ma nng khi cn.H thng thot nc phi tt, c h phn xa chung.2. Ln hu b (ci t)

* Nui ln ci hu bcn tc:+ Ln ci thnh thc, tui la u sm+ Ln ni sai con ngay t la u+ Ln ni s dng c lu bn

* Nui ng k thut l khng qu bo hoc khng qu gy+ Nu ln ci hu b cho n qu nhiu tinh bt hay thc n d tha so vi nhu cu

s qu bo. Ln ci bo sng dc tht thng hay khng ng dc, hay phi i phi linhiu ln, t l th thai km, hay cht phi, nui con vng.+ Nu nui ci hu b cho n km (khu phn ngho dinh dng, hoc khng c

n so vi nhu cu) ln s gy, chm ng dc, ko di tui phi ln u, t l hao mnln, con m b suy kitThcn cho ln

Mun cho ln sau ny c nng sut sinh sn cao, ln ci hu b trc khi vo sinhsn phi c thn hnh sn, chc, khng qu bo hoc qu gy. Tui trng thnh ca lnhu b vo lc 7-8 thng tui, thng cho sinh sn vo lc trng thnh.

- Giai on u: ln ni t sau cai sa n 20 kg, ln lai t sau cai sa n 40 kg,nn c nui dng bng thc n tt (m, nng lng v cht khong) c th pht trin hon chnh.

- Giai on sau (ln ni sau 20 kg, ln lai sau 40 kg): c th nui bng khu phn

ngho dinh dng hn. S dng nhiu thc n th xanh nui ln, va tndng c ngun thc n sn c, va to iu kin c quan tiu ho phttrin tt, va trnh cho ln qu bo trc khi bc vo sinh sn.

Bng 1: Tiu chun khu phn thc n cho ln ci hu bKhi lng c th

(kg)m th trong 1 kg thcn hn hp (g)

Nng lng trao i trong 1 kgthc n hn hp (Kcal)

Ln ci ni:10 - 2021 - 40

41 - phi ging

150 - 160130 - 140120 - 130

300029002800


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Ln ci lai F1:15 - 3031 - 50

51 - phi ging

150140130

300030002800

Bng 2: mc n cho ln ci hu b

Khi lng ln(kg)

Thc n tinh(kg/con/ngy)

Thc n th xanh(kg/con/ngy)

Ln ci ni:10 - 2021 - 40

41 - phi ging

0,5 - 0,91,0 - 1,31,4 - 1,5

0,51,52,0

Ln ci lai F1:15 - 3031 - 50

51 - phi ging

0,8 - 1,31,4 - 1,81,9 - 2,2

1,01,52,5

Bng 3: Cng thc hn hp thc n c th p dng trong iu kin nng h

Nguyn liu i vi ln ni i vi ln lai(kg) 10-20 kg 21-50 kg 10-20 kg 21-50 kg 51-85 kg

Bt ng 2,27 2,37 2,27 1,77 2,37Cm go 3,5 3,4 3,0 3,5 3,4Bt sn kh 2,5 3,0 2,5 3,0 3,0u tng, bt c 1,5 1,0 2,0 1,5 1,0Bt khong 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2Mui n 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03Tng s 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0

tn dng c ngun thc n sn c (rau xanh, bo, bng ru, b u ph, phphm nh bp) c th p dng theo quy tc:

+ 10 kg rau xanh loi tt c gi tr tng ng 1 kg cm go+ 4 kg c ti (khoai lang, sn) tng ng 1 kg bt sn kh+ 5 kg bng ru tng ng 1 kg cm go.

Tui v trng lng phi ging ln uLn ni ng dc ln u lc 4-5 thng tui, t trng lng 35 - 45 kg (thnh thc v tnh)Ln lai ng dc ln u lc 7 - 8 thng tui, t trng lng 60 - 70 kgPhi ging ln u cho ln:+i vi ln ci ni (Mng Ci, I) lc 7 - 8 thng tui, trng lng 50 - 60 kg+ Ln Ba Xuyn: 70 - 80 kg+ Ln Thuc Nhiu: 75 - 80 kg

+i vi ln ci lai F1 lc 7- 8 thng tui, trng lng 75 - 80 kgHin tngng dcln ci Khong cch la : L khong thi gian t khi phi c cha la ny n khi phi c

cha la tip theo. Chu kng dc: l khon thi gian t ln ng dc trc n ln ng dc sau. Trung

bnh l 21 ngy, dao ng 2 - 3 ngy. Thi gian ng dc: L thi gian xut hin cc biu hin ng dc ln (i vi ln

Mng Ci l 3 ngy) Biu hin ng dc c trng: ln ng dc tri qua 3 giai on


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+ Giai on trc chu c: ln ci bing n, ku la, ph chung, m h bt u sng. Ln cha chu c, b chy khi c ngi n gn, khng cho con khc nhy lnlng.+ Giai on chu c: Ln bn, i li bn chn, c biu hin tm c, m h nhn lichuyn mu tm, c dch nhn tit ra. Ln chu c, ln ng im (m ) khi ngi ngn, cho con khc nhy ln mnh.+ Giai on sau chu c: Ln bt u n tr li, thn kinh trng thi yn tnh, m hht sng tr li trng thi bnh thng. Ln khng cho ngi n gn, khng cn chuc.

Thi im phi ging thch hp+ Phi ging cho ln vo giai on chu c (ln m )

+ Vi ln Mng Ci, thch hp nht l cui ngy th 2, u ngy th 3+ Kim tra kt qu sau 18 - 21 ngy.+ Chphi ging khi ln ci hu b qua t nht hai ln ng hn

1.2.4, K thut nui dng ln ni cha* Yu cu cn t c:+ Ln ni d tr tit sa tt trong thi k nui con

+ Ln con sinh ra ng u v t yu cu khi lng s sinh theo quy nh caging+ Ln ni t hao mn trong qu trnh tit sa nui con

1, Thi gian mang thaiThi gian mang thai ca ln ni trung bnh l 114 ngy (3 thng, 3 tun, 3 ngy)

thng dao ng trong vng t 111 ngy n 117 ngy.* Giaion cha k I: t lc phi ging n c cha ngy th 84 (gn 3 thng u). Bothai pht trin chm, chchim 25% khi lng ln con lc s sinh. Ln ni giai on nychcn cho n cht, khng nn cho n qu mc khi lng ph v trnh bo sm. Cnlu giai on ny ln d sy thai, nn ch khu chm sc, chung tri.

Ma h nn tm cho ln 1-2 ln/ngy.* Giaion cha k II: thng cha cui cng, bo thai ln nhanh 3/4 trng lng s sinh

pht trin cha k II, nhu cu dinh dng cao. Trong giai on ny cn tng c v slng v cht lng thc n cho ln con to.Nguyn tc nui ln ni c cha:

- Khng cho n qu nhiu tinh bt chng bo- Ln ni qu bo lc c cha s con nh, nui con km, tit t sa, nui con vng- Ln ni qu gy lc c cha s b suy kit sau khi , sc tit sa km v chm

ng hn tr li.2, Dinh dng ln ni c cha2.1 Tiu chun khu phn thc n cho ln ni c cha

Bng 4: Tiu chun kh phn n cho ln ni c chaGi tr dinh dngCa thc n

n v tnh Ln ni ni Ln ni lai F1

Nng lng trao i Kcal/kg TA 2800 2900

m th % 12 - 13 13Can xi % 0,8 - 1,0 0,8 - 1,0Pht pho % 0,6 0,6Mui n % 0,5 0,5

Bng 5: Cng thc hn hp thc n cho ni c cha v nui con

Nguyn liu (kg) Cho ln ni c cha Cho ln ni nui conBt ng 3,27 2,27Cm go, tm 3,0 3,0


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Bt sn kh 2,0 2,5Bt u tng hoc bt c 1,5 2,0Bt khong 0,2 0,2Mui n 0,03 0,03

Tng s 10,0 10,0

2.2 Cht lng thc n cho ln ni c cha* V cht lng:

Ngoi yu cu cn i v thnh phn cc cht dinh dng trong khu phn, thc ncho ln ni c cha phi khng b i, chua, mc. Thc n b i, mc l b nhim c t hocnhim vi sinh vt gy bnh. Ln n nh vy snh hng n s pht trin ca bo thai,mc nh thai km pht trin, hoc mt s phi s cht trong giai on cn non. Trnghp nhim c Aflatoxin qu mc (trn 200 phn triu mg/kg thc n) th ln ni cha cnguy c b sy thai.* Ch bin, bo qun s dng thc n cho ln ni:

+ Phi trn thc n tinh nn s dng trong vng 10 -15 ngy. Thc n tinh phi boqun trong chum, vi hay bao ti, ni thong mt, kh ro

+ Lu : Bng b ru tt khi dng nui ln tht, i vi ni c cha bng ru likch thch gy sy thai. Nn chcho n thm bng ru trong thi k ln ni nui con. Khdu bng c cha cht gossipon c th gy cht thai. L u chtt cho ni nui con, kchthch tit sa nhng i ni c cha li lm gim nhp p ca tim gy nn kh nng nuithai km.

+ Phi trn thc n cho ni c cha ngoi cc thnh phn dinh dng theo tiuchun, cn ch n vitamin v cht khong rt quan trng i vi cht lng bo thai.Thiu vitamin, ln con pht trin chm, sc sng km. Thiu khong, xng ln con phttrin km, ln ni c cha c nguy c bi lit

2.3 lng thc n cn cho niBng 6: Mc n cho ln ni c cha (kg thc n tinh/con/ngy)

Giai on nui Ln ni ni Ln ni lai F1

Khi lng ln (kg) 50 60 70 80 80 90 100 110Giai on cha u 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9Giai on cha cui 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,2

Vi mc nui dng trn, nu chcho n thc n tinh ln s c cm gic i, ta nncho n thm rau xanh (3- 3,5 kg/con/ngy) cung cp vitamin v cht x kch thch tiuho.

Trong giai on cha cui lu tng v cht lng thc n n con sinh ra ckho mnh v c sc sng cao.

2.4 Cc khuynh hng cn trnh trong chn nui ln ni cha* Ln ni cha n qu nhiu (thng n nhiu tinh bt, thiu cht m) s bo, dn n mts trng hp sau:

+ Ln bo d cht con lc nui con, v i li kh khn do c th nng chn li yu+ Ln ni tit t sa, v khi cha n tho mn, nn s km n lc nui con, dn ti t

sa+ Ln ni qu bo thng ko di cuc , nguy c gy vim t cung

* Ln ni cha n khng nhu cu (c th khu phn ngho cht dinh dng hoc thius lng) s dn n:

+ Ln ni cha gy, th cht km, d mc bnh+ C th m gy, ln con khng t v khi lng s sinh, nh hng ti sc sng

v s pht trin


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+ Ln m gy, c th m khng cht dinh dng d tr tit sa, lm cho lncon ci cc

+ Ln m qu gy s lu ng dc tr li sau cai sa

Chm sc ln ni cha+ Cho ln yn tnh tun u tin sau khi phi ging+ Sau cho ln vn ng (nht l ln ni bo) 1 - 2 ln/ngy, mi ln khong 40 -60pht+ Gim vn ng khi gn n ngy

Tm: 1 ln/ngy vo nhng ngy nng nng V sinh xoa bp bu v trc d kin 10 - 15 ngy kch thch sa ra nhiu khi ln

sinh con. V sinh chung tri hng ngy, gi cho ln sch s, m p ma ng, thong mt ma

h. Khng nn tim phng, ty giun sn, tm gh vo thng u v thng cui ca giai on

c cha.

1.2.5. K thut nui ln ni v ln con theo m

1, Dinh dng ln ni nui conBng 7: Tiu chun khu phn nui ln ni nui conChtiu n v tnh Ln ni ni Ln ni lai F1NLT (Kcal/kg TA) Kcal 2900 - 3000 3000m th % 14 15Can xi % 0.8 - 1,0 0,8 - 1,0Pht pho % 0,6 0,6Mui n % 0,5 0,5

Bng 8:nh mc n cho ln ni ni nui con/1 ngy m (tnh trung bnh 1 ni nui 10 con)Chtiu VT Khi lng ln ni (kg)

50 - 65 66 - 80 81 - 90 91 - 110 >110Thc n tinhhn hp

Kg 2,66 2,81 2,86 3,06 3,24

Bng 9: nh mc n cho ln ni lai F1 nui con/1 ngy m (tnh trung bnh 1 ni nui 10con)Chtiu VT Khi lng ni (kg)

100-120 121-140 Trn 140Thc n tinh hn hp kg 3,3 - 3,5 3,6 - 3,8 3,9 - 4,0Bng 10: Mc n cho ln ni nui my ngy u sau Giai on nui con Lng thc n tinh hn hp (kg/con/ngy)

Ln ni nui con ni Ln ni nui con F1Ngy cn 0,3 0,5Sau ngy th 1 1,0 1,0

Sau ngy th 2 1,5 1,5Sau ngy th 3 2,0 2,0Sau ngy th 4 n th 7 2,5 2,5Ngy th 8 n cai sa Theo nh mc Theo nh mc

2, Chm sc ln niCn ghi chp ngy phi ging tnh ton ngy v c k hoch trc ln .+ 10 ngy trc khi : ty giun sn cho ln m, iu tr gh (nu c)+ 7 ngy trc khi : dn v sinh kh trng chung tri, che chn chung+ 3 ngy trc khi : gim lng thc n tinh t 30-50%Dng rm hay c kh lt 1-2 ngy trc khi ln


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3, Trc v

* Chun b cho ln con s sinh:- Vt liu lt chung trong m ln con cn phi kh, sch, khng vn nt- Chun b bng n si, ci, tru sm cho ln con (vo mu ng, nhng ngy thitit lnh, khi nhit chung nui thp di mc thch hp cho ln con s sinh)- Chun b dng c trc :

+ 1 tm vi mn hoc vi mm kh, sch+ 1 bm mng tay loi to bm nanh cho ln con+ 1 l cn Iot 2,5% st trng+ 1 ko ct rn+ 1 cun ch buc rn

* H l ln ni :- Phi trc lin tc cho n khi ln ni xong hon ton, nhau ra ht, ln ni tr v

trng thi yn tnh v cho con b;- Khng can thip khi qu trnh ca ln ni din ra bnh thng, chcan thip khi

ln m gin lu v kh khn;- Phi d tht yn tnh khi ln ang . Cuc bnh thng ko di t 2 - 3 gi,

song cng c ln ni ko di t 4 - 5 gi- Ln bc phi x bc. Ln con b ngt th thi hi vo mn, h hp nhn to. Nucha sng th ngm ln con trong nc m 30 - 35 oC trong 5 pht ri em ra h hp nhnto.

- Dng khn vi mm sch lau kh dch nhy cho ln con ngay sau khi sinh;- Ct rn cho ln con (cch rn 1 t ngn tay), dng cn it, ru hoc thuc st

trng cung rn;- Cho ln con b sa u cng sm cng tt;- Cho ln mn cho long trong ngy u v cho ung nc t do;- Thng thng ngy u cho ln mn 1 kg thc n tinh; ngy 2 cho n 1,5 kg

v nga 3 cho n 2,0 kg, t ngy th cho n theo nh mc.- Bm rng nanh cho ln con khng gy chn thng cho v m- Si m cho ln con: c im ca ln con s sinh l trung tm iu tit thn

nhit cha hon chnh. Lp m di da mng nn kh nng chng lnh km.+ Nhit thch hp cho ln con s sinh ngy u lt lng m l 35 C. C mingy sau gim i 2 C, n nga th 8 tr ra nhit trong chung nui cn 23-25 C l thch hp.Trong khi ln con cn nhit cao (25 - 35 C) th nhit thch hp cho ln mli thp hn nhiu (18 - 20 C). Gii php duy nht to nhit thch hp choln con l nui nht ln con trong m v c ch si m cho ln con khi cnthit.+ Si m bng in: dng bng n 100W. Mc bng in trong m, cch mtnn chung m 50 cm+ Nu khng c in si bng t tru hoc t ci4. Chm sc ln con tun u sau khi sinh

*y l giai on ln con d b cht do:

+ Thiu cht dinh dng do khng tranh c v m;+ Rt do b lnh v gi la trong ma ng;+ Ln m;+ Bnh tt.

* Ch chm sc:+ Cnh u v cho ln con to sng u trong n;+ Nu ln con qu ng (s con nhiu hn s v) phi bn bt nhng con nh, yu

sau khi cho b sa u;+ Nu s con qu t nn i mua hoc xin thm;+ Che chn chung tri chng gi la;


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+ 1-3 ngy u phi thng xuyn quan st ln m cho con b trnh m chtcon1.2.6. Nui dng ln con giai on theo m v sau cai sa

- Sau 10 ngy tui ln con bt u bit tp n (lim lp mng n v thc n ca lnm);

- Tp cho ln con n sau 10 ngy tui bng thc n ginh ring cho ln con, phi c tp n v mng n ring;

+ Thin ln c lc 20 ngy tui.1, Thcn cho ln con phim bo:+ cht dinh dng;+ Ngon ming;+ D tiu hoBng 11: Cng thc trn thc n cho ln con

Nguyn liu (kg) Khi lng trn trong 10 kgBt ng 4,24Go, tm 3,0Bt u tng 2,0Bt c loi tt 0,5

Bt khong 0,2Premix vitamin 0,025Mui n 0,035 tng ngon ming v d tiu ho, cc loi nguyn liu cn c ch bin

2, Kthut cho n:+ Mng n cho ln con phi lun sch s, v thit k sao cho ln con khng dm,

khng nm, khng a i vo mng n;+ Cho n nhiu ba, lng thc n trong mi ln cho n khng qu nhiu trnh

tha ng thc n gy i thiu lm ln con d ba chy v lng ph thc n;+ Nu c i kin nn cai sa sm cho ln con vo lc 40-45 ngy tui tng s

la . Thng thng b con nng dn cai sa vo lc 2 thng tui

3, Tim st cho ln conVai tr ca st trong c th to hemoglobin trong hng cu, mt s enzym h hp.

Nhu cu st cn cho to mu ln con trong 30 ngy u sau trung bnh 7-9mg/con/ngy, nhng ln con tip nhn st qua sa m chc 1 - 2 mg/con/ngy, v vycn b sung st cho ln con.

+ Tim st cho ln con i vi ln ni tim 2 ln, ln 1 vo ngy th 3 sau d, liu 1ml/con, ln 2 vo ngy th 10 sau , liu 1 ml/con.

+ Ln con lai c tht chtim 1 ln vo ngy th 3 sau , liu 2 ml

4, Kthut cai sa cho ln con:+ Tch ln m sang mt chung khc cho ln m nhanh ng hn tr li (nu c

iu kin). Nu khng c iu kin th bt ca ra vo khng cho ln con vo ngn ca lnm;

+ Ngy cai sa khng cho ln con n qu nhiu, sau tng ln t t trnh lncon mc bnh tiu chy sau cai sa.

1.2.7. Mt s bnh thng gp ln m sau khi v ln con1, Bi lit trc v sau khiLn ni cha, nht l sau khi 1-2 ngy hoc vi tun b lit chn sau, i li rt kh

khn, c khi nm lit. Nguyn nhn:

+ Chc nng sinh l ca c v h thn kinh b suy gim


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+ Do thiu khong can xi v pht pho trong khu phn n. Ln m khng c tmnng, nht trong chung ti thiu viatminD.+ Ln ni gy yu, suy nhc ton thn+ Vim khp, ph, thn kinh b chn p khi mang thai, bnh ct sng khi thiu vnng

Triu chng:+ Bnh pht sinh t ngt. Lucvs u i li d dt, kh khn, hay nm, t ng ln, khing ln kh nhn.+ Ln s vn ng, a s lit hai chn sau, thng t th ch ngi+ Ln vn n ung bnh thng.

Phng bnh:+ Chm sc, nui dng tt, m bo khu phn n hng ngy c khong khi c

cha v nui con.+ B sung vitamin, khong vo khu phn n (c qu ti, bt xng, bt cua, bt v

c, hn . . ) Cha bnh:

+ Tim gluco-canxi (10%) 40 cc hoc canxiclorua 10 cc vo tnh mch hc tim bp.+ Vitamin B1 100 mg 2 ng (mi ng 5cc) /ngy, tim lin tc 5-7 ngy. + + + Vitamin

B12 1000 mg 1 ng vo bp/ngy, tim 5-7 ngy.+ Dng cc loi thuc kch thch tng trng lc c: Strychnin, xoa bp bng du nng (metylxalycilat, du long no)

+ Khi thy khp sng, dng khng sinh Lenicilin hoc hydrocortiron liu cao2, Ln kh

Nguyn nhn do con m:+ Chung cht, thiu vn ng;+ Xng chu ln m hp;+ Ln m qu bo do n nhiu tinh bt, thiu Ca, P;+ Ni gi, thiu kch t oxytoxin, dch nc i khi .

Nguyn nhn do con:+ Con to, ngc

Biu hin:

+ Nc i c ln mu , sau 2-3 gi rn thai khng ra;+ Thai ra na chng khng ra ht con to;+ Thai ra 1-2 con sau khng ra tip c - do m yu.

Cch cha:+ Tim oxytoxin 10-15 n v/ln, sau 30 pht tim ln 2. Nu thai vn khng ra c th

bm vo t cung 100 ml du nhn. Trng hp nng phi mi bc s th y ko con rahoc phi m.

3, Ln mn con, cn con sau khi* Nguyn nhn: do au thn kinh b ri lon;- Sa qu cng gy kh chu khi cho b;- Ln con c nanh cn v au;- Ln ni n tht sng ca ln con loi thi ca n khc gy thi quen.* X l: xoa tay ln bng ln m nhiu ln;- Cho ln con b lc sa khng cng;- Ln m cn con th cho ung thuc ng;- Cho n m trong khu phn n ca ln m.4, St nhauLn xong 5 - 7 ting sau khng ra nhau

* Nguyn nhn:+ Do m nhiu con, ni gi, t cung co bp km, nn khng y ht nhau ra.+ Do b vim nim mc t cung trc lc , nn khi nhau khng ra ht.+ Nhau bt do ngi nui vi can thip nn b st nhau


16/80


+ Ln b st nhau st cao 40 - 41o C; khng cho con b, dch chy ra m h mu en nhtln mu v hi.* Phng v cha

Lc c cha cho n khu phn cht dinh dngTim oxytoxin di da, liu 2 ng/niSau khi tim, nn bm thuc tm 1%o (1 phn nghn), hoc nc mui 9%o (9 phn

nghn), khong 2 lt ra t cung trong 3 ngy lin (mi ngy bm mt ln).5, Vim v sau khi

* Biu hin: sau 1-2 ngy thy v , u v sng nng, s ln thy au n t,khng cho con b, st cao.

* Nguyn nhn: St nhau, b nhim trng mu, vi khun theo mu n bu v gyvim;

- Nm v b xy xt do rng nanh ca ln con cn;- Ln mn tha cht m, sa nhiu con b khng ht gy tc* Phng cha:Trc khi lau, xoa tm cho ni. Cho con b ngay sau 1 gi con u tin, ct

rng nanh ln con;Chm nc vo bu v gim sng, gim st; Tim khng sinh: Penicillin 1,5-2 triu

n v xung quanh v, tim 3 ngy lin tc6, Mt sa sau khiLn ni sau khi v teo dn cng li; ln con i sa, gy, ku lin tc. Sau 1 tun

hoc 10 ngy th mt hn sa.* Nguyn nhn: ln m b vim t cung, st nhau, st nn nh hng n tit sa;- Ln m thiu m, khong v cc nguyn liu khc to sa;- C quan ni tit tit t hc mn lm gim s sinh sa.Phng bnh: cho n thc n nhiu m bt c, premix theo khu phn ln ni nui

con. Cho n nhiu rau ti.7, Ln phi khng cha, non

Nguyn nhn:+ C quan sinh dc ci c th b vim, nn trng khng bm chc vo thnh t cung.+ Va chm nhau do chung cht, nn trn, ln trt chn ng b non.

+ Ri lon chc nng th vng, thiu hormon progesteron, thiu vitamin E, nim mct cung thoi ho nn hp t khng lm tc. V th ln phi khng cha, hoc chmng hn.

+ Sy thai do bnh sy thai truiyn nhim, do c t ca cc bnh dch t, t huyttrng, ng du, do ngc thc n, nhim c thuc tr su v.v iu tr:

+ Ra t cung trc khi phi m trc b bnh sn khoa+ Tim huyt thanh nga cha 2000 v/con (2 l). Khi ln ng hn cho phi ging.+iu tr nh vy, nu phi ln 2 khng c cha c th loi thi con m

8, Ln con a phn trng Nguyn nhn:

Do nn chung m t, bn thu, thi tit m lnh. Biu hin:

Thng xy ra ln con 4 ngy tui tri. Ln a phn lng mu trng vng, c mi hi.Lng x, da nhn nheo do mt nc, a nhiu. Sau khi khi bnh ln con yu v ci. Phng bnh:

Cho ln mn cht;- Chung kh, sch, m, cho ln con vn ng ngoi tri;- Tim st lc 3 ngy tui.

Cha:Cho ung nc l cht (1-2 ngy);

- Cho ung thuc Emitan theo chdn- Dng sulfatiazin, cloroxit cho ung 50 mg/1kg khi lng, ngy ung 2-3 ln.


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9, Ngc thcn

Nguyn nhn:Thc n cho ln c cht c: sn, v sn ti, khoai ty cha nu chn

Rau xanh cho ln cha ra k, c dnh thuc tr su Triu chng:

Ln au bng, nn ma, bng tht, lng congChy nc di, nc mi, c hin tng nghin rngC bp co git, nm min man c th cht sau 1 - 2 ngyM khm ln cht thy t ming n d dy, rut, gan b sng

Tr bnh:1- Cho ung 1 lt nc un si ngui vi lng trng trng 2 qu, gim s hp

thu cht c vo c th.2- Ty cht c ra ngoi: Ung sulfat natri (thuc ty) hay sulfat magie 30 - 50 gam,

tu theo ln to nh, ung nhiu nc3- Dng thuc gii c: Mi cht c c thuc gii c ring c bn ti cc ca hng

thuc th y. Cn s dng ng theo chdn.V d: Ng c sn c th cho ung nc ng. Ng c thuc tr su, tim

atropin, ri bm nc vo ty ra rut.C th cho ung nc than ci tn mn than hp thu cht c. Ung nc chc, nc luc xanh, nc vi trong c pha du lc.Nu b nng c th dng thm thuc kch thch, thuc tr tim nh tim long no,

cafein 3 - 5 cc cho 100 kg ln hi.Cho ln n nhn lc kho hn mi cho n khu phn bnh thng.

1.2.8 Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t1, Lp s sch theo di thc n v thuc th y2, Lp s theo di bn ln con3, Tnh l li

Ch 2BI GING KTHUT CHN NUI GIA CM

2.1 K thut nui g2.1.1 Ging g v k thut chn ging g2.1.1.1 Gii thiu cc ging g ang c nui th vn ph bin Vit nam.

1) Cc ging g niG ri:

Ngun gc: c chn v thun ha t grng, nui khp ni trong c nc.

c im ngoi hnh Mu lng:

- G mi mu vng nht, im cc m en c,cnh v cht ui.

- G trng lng sc s nhiu mu, phn ln muvng m v ta c, ui, cnh v ngc. ui cn im cc lng xanh en.

Mo: C nhiu dng khc nhau, ph binnht l mo c c nhiu kha rng ca.

M, chn, da: Mu vng nht. Tnh nng sn xut:


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- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng : 1,8 - 2,2 kgMi : 1,2 - 1,6 kg

- Tui qu trng u : 135 - 140 ngy tui ( 19 - 20 tun)- Nng sut trng : 90 - 125 qu/mi/nm- Khi lng trng : 38 42 gam- Cht lng tht : Thm ngon.G ma:

Ngun gc: X ng Lm, thx Sn Ty, H Ty.

c im ngoi hnh:- G mi :

Lng mu vng nht, pha ln lngpht trng phn bng, im ccm en c v ui, thn mnhngn, ngc rng nhng khng su,mo c.

- G trng: Lng c 3 mu chnh: num, ta v xanh en. Thn hnh to, chc, c di hi cong, mo c c 5 kha, tch to v

di, mu ti. Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng : 3,5 - 4,0 kg

Mi : 2,5 - 3,0 kg.- Tui qu trng u : 180 - 200 ngy tui.- Nng sut trng : 60 - 65

qu/mi/nm.- Khi lng trng : 50 58 gam.- Cht lng tht : Km g ri.G ng To: Ngun gc: Thn ng To, x Cp Tin, huyn

Khoi Chu, tnh Hng Yn. c im ngoi hnh :

- G mi: Lng ton thn vng nht hoc trng c,thn hnh to, mp, mo n, mu .

- G trng: Lng en bng pha ln vng nht hoc thm. C to ngn, ngc su rng.Vng bng, ngc t lng da dy mu . Chn to c 3 hng vy x x mu nht. Thnhnh chc, i li chm chp. Tnh nng sn xut:

- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng 3,5 - 4,0 kgMi 3,0 - 3,5 kg

- Tui qu trng u : 200 - 215 ngy tui- Nng sut trng : 50 - 60 qu/mi/nm- Cht lng tht : Th tht th, mu .G H: Ngun gc: x Song H, huyn Thun Thnh,

tnh Bc Ninh. c im ngoi hnh:

- G mi: Lng mu trng c ton thn, tm vc to,cn i, mo n.

- G trng: Lng c 3 mu in hnh: Ta c, xanh ven xen k lng v mu mn chn.u to th, ngcn, ln i, bng t lng da . Chn cao, to, x xc 3 - 4 hng vy mu nht. Thn hnh to dng inng n, mo n. Tnh nng sn xut:


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- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng : 3,5 - 4,0 kgMi : 2,5 - 3,0 kg.

- Tui qu trng u : 200 - 210 ngy tui.- Nng sut trng : 50 - 60 qu/mi/nm.- Tlp n km- Cht lng tht : Km g ri.Cc ging g ngoi:G Tam Hong:Ngun gc: Hng Kng, nhp ni nm 1995.

c im ngoi hnh:- G mi: Lng vng m, chn vng, da vng;

thn hnh cn i, mo c nhiu kha rng ca.- G trng: Lng vng xen k ta c, ui mo

c, nhiu kha rng ca. Tnh nng sn xut: (g b m)

- Khi lng lc 20 tun tui : Trng:2,8 - 3,2 kg

Mi : 1,7 - 1,85 kg

- Tui qu trng u : 133 - 140 ngy tui ( 19 - 20 tun)- Nng sut trng : 140 - 160 qu/mi/nm- Khi lng g tht lc 12 tun tui : 1,7 - 1,9 kg- Tiu tn thc n/kg tng trng : 2,8 - 3,0 kg- Cht lng tht : Thm mm, ngon.G Lng Phng (Lng phng Hoa) Ngun gc: Qung Ty, Trung Quc, nhp ni nm 1998. c im ngoi hnh:

- G mi: Lng vng nht, pha ln m en c, cnh.Da, m, chn vng; Mo v tch tai pht trin, mu ti.

- G trng: Lng sc s nhiu mu, sc ta c, nucnh dn lng, cnh v xanh en ui (tng t

g ri). Da, m v chn vng, mo, ym v tch tai phttrin, mu ti c 5 - 6 kha. Tnh ng sn xut: (g b m)

G b m :- Khi lng lc 20 tun tui : Trng 3,0 - 3,2 kg

Mi : 2,1 - 2,2 kg- Tui qu trng u : 22 - 23 tun- Nng sut trng : 177 qu/mi/nm

G thng phm:- Khi lng g tht lc 12 tun tui : 2,0 - 2,5 kg- Tiu tn thc n/kg tng trng : 2,4 - 2,6 kgG Kabir : Ngun gc: Cng ty Kabir, Israel; nhp ni

nm 1997. c im ngoi hnh:

- G mi: Lng nh vng hoc nu vng lc 1 ngytui, c 3 vt nu xm lng, mo c, chn davng nht.

- G trng: Lng sm, cnh dn, mo c, chnda vng.

Tnh nng sn xut: (g b m)- Khi lng lc 20 tun tui : Trng : 3,0 - 3,2 kg

Mi : 2,1 - 2,2 kg


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- Tui qu trng u : 24 - 31 tun- Sn lng trng : 180 qu/mi/nm- Khi lng g tht lc 9 tun tui : 2,2 - 2,3 kg- Tiu tn thc n/kg tng trng : 2,3- 2,5 kg

G Sasso (Dng th vn SA 51) Ngun gc: Cng ha php. c im ngoi hnh:

- G mi : Lng sm hoc nu , mu c nhiu kha; da, m, chn mu vng nht, chnngn.

- G trng: Lng ton thn mu sm, lng c ta, mo c, nhiu kha. Tnh nng sn xut:

- Khi lng lc 20 tun tui : 1,6 kg- Tui qu trng u : 24 tun tui- Sn lng trng : 188 qu/mi/nm

G tht:- Khi lng g tht lc 12 tun tui : 2,0 - 2,5 kg- Tiu tn thc n/kg tng trng : 2,7 - 3,0 kg

G ISA JA57:

Ngun gc: Hng Hnbbard ISA Cng ha Php nhp vo Vit nam 4/1999. c im ngoi hnh:- G mi : Lng ton thn nu nht pha ln trng pht cnh v ui, da v chn mu vng

nht, mo c nhiu kha rng ca.- G trng : Lng ton thn mu nu sm, pha ln ta c, cnh. Da v chn mu vng

nht, mo c nhiu kha. Tnh nng sn xut:

G b m:- Khi lng bt u : 1,9 - 2,2 kg- Tui qu trng u : 21 - 23 tun tui.- Sn lng trng : 220 qu/mi/nm

G thng phm:- Khi lng g tht lc 10 tun tui : 1,9 - 2,2 kg

- Tiu tn thc n/kg tng trng : 2,4 - 2,7 kg2.1.1.2 Kthut chn g ging1. Chn g con:- Thi im chn : Lc 1 ngy tui; da vo ngoi hnh ca g, cc c im biu hin g tt.

Khi lng ln. Lng bng, ti xp. Bng thon, nh, rn kn, cnh p st vo thn. Mt to,sng. Chn bng, cng cp, khng d tt, i li bnh thng.

- M khp kn. Bt tng con g, cm trn tay quan st b lng v tt c cc b phn u, m,c, chn, bng, l huyt pht hin cc khuyt tt. Th g trn sn quan st dng i li. Nhng g cc tiu chun trn chn

nui.2. Chn g hu b: G hu bc chn vo 2 thiim:- Lc kt thc giai on g con (6 - 7 tun tui);- Lc kt thc giai on hu b (19 - 20 tun tui).

C s chn: Khi lng g, cc c im ngoi hnh ca g:- u : rng, su, khng di v qu hp;- Mt: To li mu da cam;- M : Ngn, chc kp knh- Mo: To, mo ti- Thn hnh: Di, su, rng- Bng: Pht trin tt, khong cch tmm xung li hai t xng hm rng- Chn: C mu c trng ca ging, bng, ngn chn ngn.- Lng : Pht trin tt, sng bng mt, mm.- C ch: nhanh nhn a hot ng.


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Nhng g t cc tiu chun trn c chn nui sinh sn.3. Chn g mi :

Trong chn nui g sinh sn phi tin hnh chn nh k loi thi nhng c thkm, bo m cho n g t nng sut v hiu qu cao hn.

C s chn la chnh v c im ngoi hnh, cc b phn c th nh b lng, mo, l huytv kt cu c th (ch yu l khong cch gia xng li hi v xng hng).

Nhng c im bn ngoi biu hin mt g mi tt l:- B lng : Lng cch hng th nht khng thay Mo v tch tai : To, mm mu ti;- M, chn : Mu sc gim; L huyt : t, mu nht, lun cng.- Khong cch gia mm xng li hi v xng hng rng, t lt 2- 3 ngn tay.

Da vo nhng biu hin trn la chn nhng g mi tt gi li nui, loi thi nhng gmi km.

2.1.2 thc n v dinh dng g th vn

2.1.2.1 Thc n nng lng.Khi nim:

L nhm nguyn liu thc n c gi tr nng lng cao (t 2500 3300 Kcal/kg), hm

lng m thp di 20% v x th di 18%.Vai tr:

Thc n nng lng c s dng nhm tho mn nhu cu v nng lng v mt phnquan trng v khong cht cho khu phn ca g.

Cc loi thc n nng lng ch yu dng trong chn nui g.- Thc: c s dng rt ph bin, nng lng trao i ca thc t 2600 2850 Kcal/kg

ng vi 11 12 MJ/kg cht kh. Hm lng m trung bnh 7,8 8,7 %, x th 10 12%.- Ng: L loi thc n nng lng hng u ca gia cm, nng lng trao i ca ng t

3100 3400 Kcal/kg ng vi 13 13,7 MJ/kg cht kh, hm lng m t 8 12%, x thrt thp t 1,5 3,5%.


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- Cao lng: L cy vng nhit i, c trng nhiu trung du, min ni, ht cao lngc dng nhiu trong chn nui g. Nng lng ttrao i ca cao lng t 28002860Kcal/kg, ng vi 12 12,6MJ/kg cht kh, hm lng m th 11 12%, x th 3,1 3,2%.

- Cm go: L mt trong nhng loi ph phm nng nghip c s dng ph bin cho chn

nui g. Cm c rt nhiu loi trong cc loi cm xt loi 1 thng c nng lng traoi khong 2500 2600 Kcal/kg cht kh, hm lng m th 10 13%, x th 8 16%.2. Thc n m.

Khi nim:L nhm nguyn liu c hm lng m cao.Vai tr:Thc n m c s dng nhm tho mn nhu cu v hm lng m v nng cao gi

tr sinh hc cho khu phn.Cc loi thc n m ch yu dng trong chn nui g.

Thc n m thc vt:- u tng: L loi thc n c hm lng m cao 3738%; nng lng trao i 3200

3600 Kcal/kg ng vi 14 15MJ/kg vt cht kh, gi tr sinh hc ca tng cao tngng m ng vt. tng giu axit amin nht l Lyzin v triptophan.

- Kh du tng: C rt nhiu loi, cht lng khc nhau tu theo ging v cch ch bin.Hm lng m trung bnh ca tng 44 45%; nng lng trao i t 2500 2800Kcal/kg ng vi 10,7 12,1MJ/kg cht kh.

- Lc: Ht lc c hm lng m cao 26 29% (tu ging), nng lng trao i rt cao t4300 4800Kcal ng vi 17 20MJ/kg cht kh.

- Kh du lc: Hm lng m cao 30 32% i vi kh du p c v, 45 48% i vi khdu lc nhn. Gi tr sinh hc ca lc v kh du lc khng cao bng tng v nghoLyzin. Nng lng trao i thp hn tng v kh du tng (t 1800 3000Kcal).

- Vng: Hm lng m th t 19 21%, nng lng trao i khong 4000Kcal ng vi17MJ/kg cht kh, vng khng c s dng rng ri trong chn nui bng u tng vlc. Thc n m ng vt.

- Bt c: L ngun thc n m tuyt vi cho gia cm bi v bt c cha y s lngaxit amin cn thit cho gia cm c bit l Lyzin v Methionin. Hm lng m cao t 30 60% tu loi. Nng lng trao i cng bin i t 1500 3300Kcal/kg cht kh (tu loi).

- Btu tm: Ch bin t cng, du, v tm, l ngun thc n m ng vt tt cho gia sc,gia cm. Hm lng m cao 33 34% trong c 4 5% Lyzin, 2,7% Methionin. Bt utm giu canxi (5,2%), photpho (0,9%) v cc nguyn t vi lng khc.

- Bt tht xng: Ch bin t xc gia xc, gia cm hoc ph phm l m. T lm trong bttht xng t 30 50%, t l khong 12 35%.

3. Thc n khong v vitamin.L nhm thc n giu khong v vitamn dng tho mn nhu cu khong v

vitamin ca khu phn.Thc n b xung khong thng l cc phc hp mui c cha canxi, phtpho, mui

Amni, mui n v ca mt s khong vi lng.

Thc n b sung vitamin cho gia sc gia cm thng dng di dng premix vitamin l hn hp ng nht ca cc loi vitamin A, D, E, K, B1, B12, PP, khng sinh phng bnh vcht chng xi ho.4. Gii hn ti a ca cc thc n nguyn liu trong khu phn n ca gia cm.

Gii hn ti a ca mt s nguyn liu thc n chnh trong hn hp thc n cho giacm c khuyns co nh sau:

(Trang 39 54: Hng dn nui vt t nng xut cao)2.1.2.2. Nhu cu dinh dng ca g th vn1. Nhu cu dinh dng ca g nui tht.

Nhu cu dinh dng c tnh theo 3 giai on:


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- Giai on g con: 0 4 tun tui.- Giai on g gi: 4 8 tun tui.- Giai on v bo: 9 tun bn.

Giai on nuiNhu cu n v

0 4 tun tui 5 8 tun tui 9 tun bnNng lng trao i Kcal/kg 2900 3000 3100m ti thiu % 20 18 16X ti a % 4 5 6Canxi (Ca) % 1,1 1,1 1,1Phtpho (P) % 0,6 0,6 0,6Lyzin ti thiu % 1,0 1,0 0,9Methionin ti thiu % 0,5 0,4 0,32. Nhu cu dinh dng ca g sinh sn:

Nhu cu dinh dng ca g nui sinh sn c tnh theo 4 giai on:- Giai on g con: 0 6 tun tui.- Giai on g hu b: 7 20 tun tui.- Giai on u: 21 42 tun tui.- Giai on sau: sau 42 tun tui.

Giai on nuiNhu cu n v

0 6 tun 7 20 tun 21 42 tun Sau 42 tunNng lng trao i Kcal/kg 2900 2750 2750 2750m ti thiu % 18 15 17,5 16,5X ti a % 4 6 6 6Canxi (Ca) % 1 1 4 4Phtpho (P) % 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6Lyzin ti thiu % 1 0,7 0,85 0,7Methionin ti thiu % 0,4 0,35 0,35 0,35

Khc vi g tht, g sinh sn phi cho n hn ch g khng bo v cng khng gy

qu.

2.1.2.3. Xy dng khu phn thc n v trn thc n cho g.1. Phng php xy dng khu phn cho g

Trong thc t ngi ta thng biu th khi lng cc nguyn liu thc n trong 100kg hay 1000kg thc n hn hp khu phn. V d xy dng khu phn cho g giai on21 42 tun tui cn 2750 Kcal nng lng trao i v 175g m trong 1 kg thc n vi ccnguyn liu sn c l ng vng, thc t, cm go loi I, bt c loi nht, kh du u tng,premix vitamin v premix khong khi lng trong 100kg hn hp. Phng php c thgm cc bc sau:

Bc 1:n nh khi lng thc n b sung nh khong vitamin, premix vitamin,premix khong: 2kg cc loi thc n ny thng chim t l rt thp trong khu phn (chnghn premix vitamin 0,5%, premix khong 1,5%), nh vy ta n nh trong 100 kg s c 2 kgpremix vitamin v premix khong.

Bc 2:n nh khi lng cc loi thc n m ng vt (bt c nht 55% m) l 5kg.

Bc 3:n nh khi lng thc n nng lng c t l thp trong khu phn (cmloi I) l 15kg.

Bc 4:Tnh ton lng thc n m thc vt (kh du tng) v thc n c nnglng ch yu(ng vng + thc t) p ng nhu cu m cho khu phn.

Theo khi lng cc loi thc n n nh bc 1, 2, 3 trong 100 kg hn hp c:- Bt c nht: 5kg c cha 2,75kg m.


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- Cm go xt loi I: 15kg c cha 1,95kg m.- Premix vitamin v premix khong : 2kg.

Nh vy:- Tng khi lng c 22 kg cn thiu 78 kg.- Tng khi lng m c 4,70kg cn thiu 12,8kg (17,54,7)

Lng thc n m thc vt v nng lng cn thit p ng nhu cu m cnthiu trong 100kg hn hp c tnh bng cch:

Sdng cng thcng cho hnh vung (Cng thc Pearson)Qua bc 4 ta bit:

- Tng khi lng thc n m thc vt (kh du tng) v thc n nng lng chnh(ng vng + thc t) cn trong 100kg khu phn l 78kg.

- Khi lng m cn c trong 78 kg ca 2 loi thc n ny l 12,8kg, ng vi hm lng

m mong mun l %41,1610078

8,12=

Ta c s dng cho Pearson nh sau:

Cng: 34,42phn

Trong cng thc ny hm lng m mong mun (trong 78kg hn hp ca 2 loi thcn m ng vt v nng lng chnh) nm gia hnh vung. Phn trm cc loi thc nnm hai gc hnh vung. Hiu s gia phn trm m mong mun l t l cc nguyn liucn phi trn. Ta tnh c:

- Khi lng thc n nng lng chnh (ng vng v thc t) l:

kg5928,597842,34

16,26=

- Khi lng kh du tng l:

kg1972,187842,34

26,8=

Ng vng v thc t l 2 loi thc n nguyn liu rt sn nng thn, ta s dng 2loi tng ng nhau v khi lng (ng: 30kg, thc t: 29kg).

16,41%

Hm lng mcn trong 78 kg

thc nHm l

ng mkh du tng42,57%

Phn kh du tng8,26 (16,41 8,15)

8,15%

Hm lng m thcn nng lng chnh

42,57

Phn TA nng lngchnh (thc+ng)


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Bc 5: Tnh ton gi tr dinh dng ca hn hp khu phn (Trong 100kg hn hp)

Gi tr dinh dngTn thc n

Khilng(kg)

NLT(Kcal)

m(g)

Ca(g)

P(g)

X(g)

Methonin(g)

Lyzin(g)

Cm go loi I 15 38955 1950 25,5 247,5 1165,5 67,35 83,25Ng vng 30 99630 2670 66,0 90,0 810,0 51,0 82,20Bt c loi I 5 13125 2750 254,5 144,0 44,5 67,5 185,0Thc t 29 77923 2148 63,8 81,0 3042,1 42,3 92,5Kh du tng

19 53105 8088 75,4 127,3 1113,4 108,3 528,2

Premix khong 1,5 450Premix vitamin 0,5

Cng 1001kg

2827382827,38

17606176,06

935,29,35

689,56,89

6175,561,76

306,43,06

971,159,71

Bc 6: Cn bng nng lng trong khu phn:i chiu vi tiu chun thc n hn hp cho g mi giai on 21 42 tun tui,

khu phn n ny c nng lng cao hn 7.738Kcal (282738 275000). Phi iu chnhkhu phn bng cch dng cm go loi I c hm lng nng lng thp hn ng(769Kcal/kg). Thay 10kg ng trong 1 khu phn n bng 10kg cm go loi I (tc l trong100kg hn hp s chc 20kg ng vng v 25kg cm go loi I).

Vi cng thc mi ny nng lng gim i c 7240Kcal nhng hm lng m litng ln 410g, do ta li phi cn i li hm lng m bng cch gim kh du tng v tng ng. C thay 1kg kh du tng bng 1 kg ng vng th khu phn gimc336,7g m (425,789), mun gim c 410g m cn phi gim 1,2kg kh du tng ng thi tng 1,2kg ng vng.

Nh vy thnh phn hn hp thc n cn xy dng s l:- Cm go loi I : 25kg.- Ng vng : 21,2kg.- Bt c loi I : 5,0kg.- Thc t : 29,0kg.- Kh du tng : 17,8kg.- Premix khong : 1,5kg.- Premix vitamin : 0,5kg.

Cng : 100kgBc 7: Cn bng Canxi, Phtpho, b sung mui trong khu phn:Khu phn trn p ng nhu cu Phtpho song hm lng canxi cn thp,

nguyn liu dng iu chnh hm lng canxi, phtpho l bt xng, icanxi phtphat,cacbonnat canxi.

Thng thng b sung khong 0,2% mui n trong khu phn l , song trong bt cthng c sn 1 5% mui n v vy khi tnh ton khu phn cn phi tnh n c lng

mui sn c ny.Bc 8: Cn bng axit amin.Cc axit amin hn ch (lyzin v methionin) tng hp c th dng b sung vo khu

phn nhng y l cc nguyn liu rt t nn c gng tnh ton cn bng cc ngun thcn m ng vt. Khu phn trn y, hm lng Lyzin c cn i, ring hm lngmethionin cn hi thp c th cn bng bng cch tng bt c hoc methionin tng hp.

Sau cng kim tra li ton b cc nguyn liu s dng trong khu phn v cc gi trdinh dng ca khu phn, nu tng khi lng ca cc nguyn liu khng 100kg c thtng thm cc sn phm ph ca ng cc cho 100kg.


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2. K thut trn thc n cho g.a. Chun b nguyn liu.- Nguyn liu phi c cht lng tt: khng b mc, b hp hi, khng vn cc, khng c mi

l.- Mt s nguyn liu phi s ch trc khi trn: tng- Nghin nh thc n trc khi trn.- S lng trn tu thuc vo s lng g Trnh bo qun lu.b. Phng php trn.- dn u cc loi thc n nghin trn sn nh theo th t loi nhiu trc loi t

sau.- Cc loi nguyn liu khi lng t (khong, vitamin) phi trn vi mt t cht bt khc nh

cm, hoc ng trc khi trn chung m bo nguyn liu c phn bu trong hnhp.

- Dng xng hoc tay trn tht u.- ng thc n vo bao, bao thc n ln gi k cao cch xa tng v trn nh.

2.1.3 Nui chm sc g th vn2.1.3. I. Nui dng chm sc g th vn ly trng:

1. Giai on g con:a. Chung nui:- Mt nui : 12 - 15 con/m2- Khay n hnh ch nht (60 - 70cm) : 2 chic/100 con.- Mng ung trn loi 1 lt v loi 3,8 lt : 2 chic/100 con.- Nhit chung nui : 35 - 250C.

Trc khi vo chung cn b tr mng n, mng ung sn, xen k nhau v si mchung trc 2-3 gi. Lm quy m g hnh trn c ng knh 2 - 3 m bng ct p, nuthi tit lnh phi ko kn rm che trong tun u.- Quan st n g iu chnh nhit trong quy. Khi nhit qu cao, n s tn ra

xung quanh quy, ngc li khi thiu nhit, n g s dn vo gia quy ngay di chpsi. Khi nhit thch hp n g s nhanh nhn phn bu trong quy.

b. Nui dng chm sc

- G c n t do 0 - 1 tun tui i vi g trng v t 0 - 3 tun tui i vi g mi. Mingy cho n 6 - 8 ln, lng thc n mi ln cho va trnh thc n tn lu lu trongmng gy mt v sinh. Trc lc cho thc n mi vo phi sng thc n c. Thay ncung 3 - 4 ln trong ngy, c ra mng ung sch s.

- Tin hnh ct m vo tun th 2 trnh g m , cn ln nhau. Dng giao sc nung trnbp than hoc bp du (hoc dao ct bng in) ct 1/3 chiu di m tnh t ngoi vo, saukhi ct song lau li vt ct nhm trnh chy mu. Ch trc v sau khi ct m 1 - 2 ngycho ung vitamin C v K.

- Sau mt tun ni rng quy v 2 tun c th b quy ty thi tit.- Thay i mng n, mng ung cho hp l theo tun tui ca n g, sau 1 tun c th thay

mng n vung (hoc mt n) bng mng n trn v thay mng ung trn bng mng ungdi (ch thay i mng t t).

- Thay mi 1 phn hoc ton b cht n chung nu bm t.

- Ghi chp lng thc n, thuc th y s dng hng ngy cho n g cng nh s gcht, loi thi tin tnh ton li li sau mi t nui.

2. Giai on g hu b.(Trc 20 tun tui, giai on ny g trng, g mi c nui tch ring)a. Chung nui:- Mt nui : 8 - 10 con/m2- Mng n di 1,5 m : 4 - 5 cm/con- Mng n trn P50 : 25 con/mng- Mng ung di 1,5 m : 80 - 100 con/mng.


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b. Nui dng:Trong giai on g c n hn ch nhm trnh tch ly m sm nh hng n sc

trng sau ny. C th p dng 1 trong 3 phng thc sau y:* Cho n hng ngy:Lng thc n hng ngy gim xung 1/2 so vi nhu cu. Yu cu s lng mng n

phi y v ri thc n iu cc mng chia lm 2 ln trong ngy.* 2 ngyn 1 ngy ngh

- Lng thc n ca ngy nhn c chia u cho 2 ngy. Ngy nhn dng t thc, nght ri u trn nn chung cho g nht n.

- c n g tng i ng u v khi lng c th (l yu cu ht sc quan trngi vi g hu b) hng tun cn 10% s g c mt, so snh khi lng trung bnh thuc vi khi lng chun + 10 % th tng lng thc n mt cch bnh thng nhbng hng dn. Nu khi lng bnh qun>khi lng chun th vn gi nguynlng thc n. Nu khi lng bnh qun


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- nh k cho g ung vitamin A,D,E 2 ln/tun theo hng dn ca hng sn xut.- Khi n g bt u vo , nn tp cho g vo trong , nhng qu trng ngoi phi

kp thi nht ngay. Mi ngy nht trng t nht 4 ln. c lt tru hoc dm bo mlun sch s. c t ni kn o.

- Hng thng nh k loi thi nhng g mi khng hoc km .

Tl (%) Khi lng c th (g) Lng thc n (g) Chi ch *

1 - 5 175085

5 - 1090

10 - 20105

20 - 30 1875110 - 115

30 - 40115 - 120

T 22 - 40 tun tui dngthc n cha 16,7 %protein v nng lng traoi 2700 Kcal/kg

40 - 50 120 - 125

50 - 60 1925125 - 130

>60130 - 135

Sau 40 tun tui dngthc n c 15,6% Proteinv 2750 kcal/kg NLT

c. Ch chiu sng.

21 tun tui : 13 gi22 - 25 tun tui : Mi tun tng 1 gi chiu sng26 tun n cui i : Gi nguyn thi gian chiu sng 17 gi/ngy m

2.1.3.2. Kthut nui g th vn ly tht1. Chung tri, dng c mng n mng ungCc yu cu v c bn tng t g trong giai on g con v g hu b. Ngoi ra cn cvn hoc i chn th.2. Nui dng, chm sc.a. Giai on g con (0 - 4 tun tui)

G (d l ging g) c nui m trong chung c si m (nhit 33 - 340C).Thc n giai on ny yu cu gi tr dinh dng: m (protein) 20 - 21%; nng lng traoi 2900 - 2950 Kcal; m 3,5%.

Tiu th thc n Chiu sngTuntui Gr/g

/ngyGr TA/tun

Thigian

Cng (vin ng)

Ghi ch

1 17 119 23/24 1 w/m2 n t do

2 35 245 23/24 1 w/m2 n t do3 50 350 22/24 1 w/m2 n t do trong thi gian chiu sng4 70 490 20/24 1 w/m2 n t do trong thi gian chiu sng

b. Giai on g gi ( 5 - 13 tun tui)-G c th ra vn tr nhng ngy tri rt m hoc ma. Ngoi vn t cc

mng ung, mng n di gc cy. B con c th dng thc n HIGRO CP 311 hocPROCONCO trn thm 25 - 30 % thc :

Lng thc n tng dn theo tui:Tun Tiu th thc n Chiu sng Ghi ch


29/80


tui Gr/g/ngy

Gr TA/tun

Thigian

Cng (vin ng)

5 77 539 18/24 0,8 w/m2 n t do trong thi gian chiu sng6 90 630 18/24 0,8 w/m2 n t do trong thi gian chiu sng7 115 805 18/24 0,8 w/m2 n t do trong thi gian chiu sng

8 125 875 18/24 0,8 w/m

2

n t do trong thi gian chiu sng9 135 945 18/24 0,8 w/m210tun

4,998

- Trnh nc ng trong vn.- Quy xung quanh vn bng tre, na hoc li.- S dng vc xin v thuc phng bnh theo hng dn ca phn sau:

2.1.3.3. Phng bnh cho g th vn(Chng trnh tim phng)

Ngy tui Thuc phng

1 Tim phng Marek

4 Phng bnh ng rut, ng h hp bng: Tylosine: 0,5g/lt nc Coli 2000: 0,5g/lt nc; thuc b tr tng sc khng

7 Nh Vacxin Lasota ln 1

7 -10 Vitamin,in gii tng sc khng.Phng cu trng bng Vetpro 60%: 1g/ lt nc

10 Nh Vacxin Gumboro ln 1, chng u

14 Nh Vacxin Lasota ln 2

21 Nh Vacxin Gumboro ln 2

50 56 Tim vacxin Newcatle H1

70 80 Phng CRD bng Tylosin

110 120 Ty giun sn bng Piperazin

126 Tim Vacxin nh du phng bnh Newcatle, Gumboro, IB, Hi chng gim


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2.2 K thut nui ngan v vt2.2.1. Cc ging ngan, vt hin ang nui ph bin Vit nam .1. Cc ging vt hng trng:a. Vt C:

Ngun gc: Vit nam

c im ngoi hnh:- u thanh, mt sng, m dt di v khe. C thanh,mnh thon, ngc lp. Vt c nhiu nhm mu lngkhc nhau: s sm, s nht, xm hng, xm ,khoang trng en, en tuyn. Tnh nng sn xut:

- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng: 1,5- 1,7 kg

Mi :1,3 - 1,4 kg

- Tui qu trng u : 140 - 150 ngy tui- Nng sut trng : 180 - 220 qu/mi/nm- Khi lng trng : 60 - 65 g/qu

- Chi ph thc n cho 10 qu trng : 2,1 - 2,3 kgb. Vt Khaki Cambell: Ngun gc: Vng quc Anh , nhp vo Vit

nam nm 1990 t Thi Lan. c im ngoi hnh:

- Tm vc nh va phi, nhanh nhn, thn hnh cdng thng ng, cn i.

- Ngc su, rng, phng hi dc v pha sau.- ui: ngn, nh, hi vnh ln.- Mu lng: c 3 nhm

+ Nhm lng trng: c trng v mi utrng khp c th, mt xanh xm, m, chn,mng chn mu da cam.

+ Nhm lng xm: Vt trng u, c mu cnh gin ha cng mu ta. M xanhc u hnh ht u en nh. Mt nu, chn v mng chn mu da cam, xmnht. Vt mi: nu xm u, c, ln, bng nu nht, vng phao cu mu cnhgin; mt chn mu nu tng t lng thn, m mu nu , c nt hnh ht u nh.+ Nhm lng Khaki: Trng: u, c, ui, vch cnh mu ng xanh, ngc muKhaki, m xanh lc, xm , chn, mng chn mu da cam xm.

Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng : 1,7 - 1,9 kg

Mi : 1,6 - 1,8 kg- Tui qu trng u : 20 - 21 tun tui.- Nng sut trng : 250 - 300 qu/mi/nm- Khi lng trng : 65 - 70 g/qu

c. Vt CV 2000: Ngun gc: Vng quc Anh, nhp vo Vit nam

nm 1999. c im ngoi hnh:

- Thn hnh cn i, c dng thng ng, ngc su, lngrng phng.

- Lng ton thn mu trng.- M, chn, mng chn mu vng nht.

Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi lng lc trng thnh: Trng : 2,0 - 2,2 kg


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Mi : 1,8- 2,0 kg- Tui qu trng u : 20 - 22 tun- Nng sut trng : 260 - 300 qu/mi/nm- Khi lng trng : 70 - 75 g/qu

2. Cc ging vt kim dnga. Vt Bu:

Ngun gc: Vit nam . c im ngoi hnh:

- Thn hnh ch nht, vng chc;- u to, hi di, c ngn, ngc su rng;- M, chn, mng chn c nhiu mu, ph bin nht l

mu vng nht;- Lng: mu khng thun khit , c nhiu nhm mu

khc nhau, ph nht l mu c cung, xm. Tnh nng sn xut:

- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng : 2,0 - 2,5 kgMi : 1,7 - 2,0 kg

- Tui qu trng u : 150 - 160 ngy tui

- Nng sut trng : 150 - 160 qu/mi/nm- Nui chn th lc 70 ngy t: 1,4 - 1,6 kg.b. Vt Bch Tuyt:

Ngun gc: Vit nam tp giao gia vt Anh ov vt Vit nam.

c im ngoi hnh:- Tm vc trung bnh, u to va phi, ngc su rng;- C thanh nh, mt tinh;- Lng ton thn mu trng,- M, chn, mng chn mu vng.

Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng : 2,2

- 2,3 kg

Mi : 1,7 - 2,0 kg- Tui qu trng u : 150 ngy tui- Nng sut trng : 140 - 150 qu/mi/nm- Khi lng trng : 65 - 70 g/qu- Nui chn th lc 70 ngy tui t: 1,5 - 1,6 kg.

3. Cc ging vt hng thta. Vt Anh o (Cherry Valley)

Ngun gc: Vng quc Anh, nhp vo Vitnam nhiu t bt u t nhng nm 1970.

c im ngoi hnh:- Thn hnh vng chc, ngc su rng;- u to, c to v di;- Lng ton thn mu trng, da trng;- M, chn, mng chn mu vng.

Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi lng lc trng thnh : Trng: 3,0

- 3,3 kgMi :

2,6 - 3,0 kg- Tui qu trng u : 190 - 220 ngy

tui- Nng sut trng : 130 - 150

qu/mi/nm


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- Nui chn th lc 75 ngy tui t : 2,2 - 2,3 kg.- Tiu tn thc n cho 1 kg tng trng : 3,2 - 3,5 kg

b. Vt CV Super M Ngun gc: Vng quc Anh, nhp vo Vit nam nhiu t bt u t nhng nm

1989. c im ngoi hnh:

- C ngoi hnh c trng cho vt hng tht,- Thn hnh ch nht, ngc su rng,- u to, lng thng, c to, di,- Chn vng chc,- Lng ton thn trng,- Da vng, chn, mng chn, m mu vng.

Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi lng lc trng thnh v tnh : 3,1 - 3,2 kg- Tui qu trng u : 26 tun tui- Nng sut trng 40 tun : 220 trng/mi- Vt thng phm lc 49 - 52 ngy tui t khi lng 3,07 - 3,24 kg,- Tiu tn thc n cho 1 kg tng trng : 2,81 kg.

- Trong iu kin nui chn th Vit nam lc 75 ngy tui, vt t khi lng 2,8 - 3kg. Thcn tiu tn cho 1 kg tht hi l 1,8 - 2 kg.4. Cc ging ngana. Ngan Vit nam Ngun gc: Vit nam. c im ngoi hnh:

- u nh, trnphng, mt sng,

- Mo pht trin, contrng mo to hncon mi,

- Thn di, nm

ngang,- Con trng d tn, con mi hin lnh,- Mu lng c 3 nhm: Trng (ngan D)

Loang (ngan Sen)en (ngan Tru).

Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi lng lc trng thnh: Trng : 3,5 - 4,0 kg

Mi : 2,2 - 3,0 kg- (ngan D khi lng nh hn ngan Sen v ngan Tru)- Tui thnh thc sinh dc : 220 - 240 ngy tui- Nng sut trng : 60 - 70 qu/mi/nm

b. Cc dng ngan Php


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Ngun gc: Cng ha Php, nhp vo Vit nam nm 1996, hin c 3 dng R31, R51v R71.

c im ngoi hnh:- C th ln, thn hnh vng chc,- Mu lng: R31lang trng en (hoa m); R51 v R71 trng tuyn hoc trng c m u.

Tnh nng sn xut:- Khi thnh thc v tnh: Trng: 3,3 - 4,6 kgMi : 2,2 - 2,6 kg

- Tui : 26 - 28 tun- Nng sut trng R31 : 160 - 180 qu/mi/nm

R51 v R71 : 180 - 220 qu/mi/nm- Ngan thng phm: nui nht 63 ngy tui (hoc nht kt hp chn th lc 84 ngy tui),

ngan mi nng 2,5 - 3 kg, ngan trng nng 4 - 5 kg.- Thc n tiu tn cho 1 kg tht hi : 2,6 - 2,8 kg.2.2.2. Kthut chn vt ngan ging2.2.2.1. K thut chn ging vt ngan con

Cn chn nhng con: Nhanh nhn. kho mnh

Mt tinh nhanh, khng dch d, km nhm Bng mm, . Lng bng, xp; c mu lng c trng ca ging: Khng chn con kho chn, h rn: bng cng bt lng; Nu c th chn tn b m tt, khng bnh tt.

2. K thut chn ging vt ngan hu bVt ngan nui ging sinh sn khi ht 8 tun tui cn chn chuyn nui hu b.Kthut chn nhsau:Ngoi hnh:

Mu lng c trng ca ging Cn i v nhanh nhn Chn thng, khng vo ui, khng g lng Vi vt chuyn tht v ngan: ngc n, dng i chc chn, thn hnh song song vi mt t;

Vt chuyn trng: mnh thon, u nh, c di, thn hnh to vi mt t mt gc cng ln cng tt.

Khi lng c th:Vt ngan qu to, hoc qu nh khng cho nng sut cao, nn chn nhng con khilng trung bnh nh sau:

Vt c: 0,9 - 1,1 kg/con; Vt chuyn tht CV super M: ci 1,8 - 2 kg; c 2- 2,2kg; Vt chuyn trng v kim dng: 1,3 - 1,4 kg; Vt chuyn trng Khakicam bell: 1 - 1,2 kg Ngan: ci: 1,4 - 1,6 kg; c: 2,3 - 2,5 kg.

Cch phn bit gia vt con v ngan con ? Ngan con thng c m u v ng chanh (R51, R71), m trng hng; . Mng chn u cc ngn chn cangan con c kh nng bm dnh v o b n

tay, hoc b mt nhm, do , khi t ngan con ln b n tay v nghing b n tay,ngan con c th bm dnh m khng ri. Vt con khng bm c nhvy.

Cch phn bit gia con trng v con mi?

Con c c gai giao cu, con ci khng c gai giao cu. C th kim tra khi vt ngan1ng y tui: v, s nh ti l huyt (bm l huyt)

pht hin gai giao cu ca con c. . Ch thao tc kho v nh, trnh mnh tay gy cht hoc tn thng vt ngan

con.


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2.2.2.2. K thut chn ging vt ngan sinh sn Trc khi vt ngan vo khong 2 tun, cn lu chn vt ngan mt ln

loi b cc con mi khng tt:

GingThi imchn (tun

th)

Khi lngtrung bnh mi

(kg)

Khi lngtrung bnh trng

(kg)

T l ghptrng/mi *

Vt c 18 1,2 - 1,4 1,3 - 1,5 1/7 -1/8CV Super M 22 2,7 - 3 3,2 - 3,4 1/5Siu trng CV2000 18 1,5 - 1,7 1,7 - 1,8 1/6Siu trng 17 1,3 - 1,5 1,4 - 1,6 1/7 - 1/8Khaki CambellNgan Php 23 2,2 - 2,4 4,1 - 4,3 1/5

K thut chn v ngoi hnh ging phn chn vt hu b: vt chuyn tht vngan chn con thn hnh n nang, chc kho v song song mt t; vt chuyn trng chn conthn mnh thon di c cao thn mnh to thnh gc rng vi mt t.

Chn con khe mnh, khng mc bnh,

Thn hnh khng qu to bo hoc qu b, Chn con c mu lng c trng ca ging.


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2.2.3: Kthut nui dng chm sc vt , ngan2.2.3.1 Nui dng chm sc ngan vt con

1. cim ca vt ngan conKh nng iu tit thn nhit cha han chnh do ph thuc nhiu vo nhit

mi trng.Sc khng km, d cm nhim bnh tt.Tc sinh trng nhanh, hiu qu s dng thc n cao.Nhu cu dinh dng c cht lng cao.2. Thcn cho vt con

Vt ngan con 1-2 tun tui c tc sinh trng nhanh v hiu qu s dng thc ncao, tuy nhin cha th kim mi, cn nui nht hon ton v cung cp thc n chtlng cao.

Vt/ngan l loi n tp nn n c nhiu loi thc n khc nhau nh ng cc (go,thc, ng, tm, cm, khoai), cc loi rau, bo, cc loi thc n nhiu m ( tng,bt c, c, tp, cua, c, don, dt...) v c cc loi ph phm (b bia, b ru, bu...)

Vic cho vt ngan n cc loi thc n tn dng c sn a phng nh nu trn cth gim c chi ph gi thnh v nng cao hiu qu kinh t.

Nu iu kin chn nui nng h c tnh cht tn dng ch cn b sung thc ncng nghip nu thc s thy cn thit.c bit cn lu n hiu qu kinh t. C th cho n thc n sng, hoc nu chn tng kh nng tiu ho; Ch

khng cho n cc thc n m, mc, i, thiu.

Yu cu dinh dngGing m th Nng lngVt siu tht 20 - 22% 2800 - 2900 kcalVt siu trng 20 % 2800 - 2900 kcal

3. Kthut cho vt ngan con n v ung Trong 1-2 tun tui u, nn cho n t do theo nhu cu c ngy v m. Sau , nu

l vt ngan nui thng phm bn tht, cho n t do ban ngy nu t vt ngan nuiging ( sinh sn) cn cho n hn ch khng qu bo.

T trn 2 tun tui, nu nui chn th c th cho tp cho n cc loi thc n khcnhau v tp kim mi.

C ra mng n v mng ung hng ngy; Nc cho ung theo nhu cu; Cho vt ung nc sch: v d t ngun nc ging: Ch khng cho ung nc qu lnh trong ma ng v c th gy h nhit, vt con

dm, cht. Trong ma h, do nhit mi trng cao, nc ly t ngun t nhinc th nng, vt s b ung nc. Do , cn gi nc trong ch mt hoc bngcy khi cho vt ung.

Thc n cho n thnh ba. Ch rng vic cho n thnh ba v cho n t do tiutn cng mt lng thc n nh nhau, tuy nhin cho n thnh ba kch thch tnhthm n ca vt v ngan.

4. Chm sc vt ngan conNhit chung nui vic gim cho chung nui l rt quan trong nh hng trc tip n

t l sng ca vt ngan con trong thi k nui m. Do , cn lun lun ch kim tra mca chung.


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Vi vt/ngan con mt ngy tui, nn lm m chung t nht 1/2 gi trc khi th

vt/ngan vo chung. Trong 3 ngy u sau p n, nhit chung cn gi khong 28 - 3200C, t ngy

th 4 tri c th gim dn mi ngy mt n khong 20 - 22 l c. Vt ngan di mt thng tui khng nn nui th t do, nht l trong ma ng gi

but, v kh khng ch v cp nhit.nh minh ho: ngun nhit qu nng, qu lnh, bnh thng.

Khng nn nui vt, ngan con qu cht hoc qu rng: Tun u : 30 - 35 con/m2

Tun th 2, th 3 : 1 5 - 20 con/m2 Tun 5 - 6 tri : 6 - 8 con/m2

nh sng: 2 tun u: chiu sng 24/24, v vt/ngan con cn n sut ngy m. nhng ni

khng c in, c th thp sng bng n du m bo nh sng vt, ngan ili n, ung mt cch nh thng) chng x n v ln nhau gy t l cht cao.

3 - 4 tun: 18/ 24 gi (bui sng thp n t sngsm 4h sng, bui chiu thp nkhong 9h - 10h ti)

4 tun tr ln: chcn dng nh sng t nhin.Phng trnh cc loi ng vt gy hi cho vt ngan con

Vt ngan con l thc n hp dn i vi nhiu lo( ng vt khc nh: rn, chut,co, diu hu: ch, mo.

c bit cn ch bo v trong 1-2 tun tui ukhi vt ngan con yu t, khng ckh nng khng c.2.2.3.2 Nui dng, chm sc vt, ngan hu b:c dim v yu cu kthut nui vt ngan hu b

Vt ngan hu b l vt ngan nui trong thi k t tun tui th 9 (ngoi 56 ngy) nlc bt u qu trng u tin.

i vi vt nut sinh sn hay vt chuyn trng, thi k hu bi hi tiu chun n mnh kho v t yu cu v th trng, nhng khng c cho n qu nhiu vnh hng khng tt n sn lng trng sau ny.

Thc n cho vt ngan hu b Vi vt ngan thng phm, c th cho n t do theo yu cu vo ban ngy. Vi vt ngan sinh sn: trong giai on hu b cn c bit ch cho n hn ch vt

ngan khng qu to bo, nh hng n kh nng sinh sn. Do , cn kim tra khi

lng nh kiu chnh lng thc n ph hp: c th chphi thc n chon 1 ln trong ngy: cn ch tt c vt ngan u c n;

Yu cu dinh dng cho vt/ngan hu bGing m th Nng lng

Vt siu tht, ngan, vt CV 2000 1 5 - 1 5.5 % 2800 - 2900 kcalVt siu trng 14 % 2750 - 2800 kcal

Nn tn dng ngun thc n c sn gim bt chi ph thc n; vi nui kt hpchn th, chcn cho n b sung thm thc v mi ti l .

Cch nhn bit nhit chung nui qu nng hoc qu lnh?

Chung nui qu lnh: Vt con hoc ngan con tm chum li vi nhau gnngun nhit; cn b sung ngay ngun nhit cung cp.

Chung nui qu nng: Vt/ngan con to xa khi ngun nhit, c th tp trung mt pha quy, gn ni thong kh hoc c gi lu thng


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Chd chm sc nui dng vt ngan hu b n chung phi kh ro sch s. Thng xuyn b sung thm n chung hoc

dn n chung cnh k. Trc khi vo , phi chn lc cha nhng con t tiu chun ging vo n

sinh sn c nng sut cao.

Chn vt sinh sn cn m bo t l trng mi:- Vt chuyn tht: 1 trng 5 mi- Ngan: 1 trng 4 mi- Vt chuyn trng: 1 trng 7-8 mi.

Trong trng hp ch xc nh nui ly trng thng phm th khng cn chn vttrng.

Mt nui: vt chuyn tht v ngan: 4- 5 con/m2; chuyn trng: 5 - 6 con/m2. Thi k thay lng: vt v ngan d bnh hng bi s thay i bn ngoi nn cn

ch chm sc tt trong cc giai on ny.Kthut dng cho vt hu b

Vi n vt, ngan hu bi chuyn sang giai on cn dng cho vt, ngan; Thc n: trc 2 tun, bt u cho vt, ngan n khu phn n ca vt ngan . Thi gian chiu sng: tng dn thi gian chiu sng trc 5 tun nh sau:

- Trc 5 tun: 10 gi/ngy- Trc 4 tun: 12 gi/ngy- Sau , tng ln dn mi tun 1 gin 1 6 - 18 gi/ngy.2.2.4. Kthut nui dng, chm sc vt, ngan sinh sn1. Thcn

Giai on hu b, cho vt n no v dinh dng, khng cho n qu nhiu vtngan s bo qu v gim nng sut sinh sn.

C th dng cc loi thc n tn dng ca a phng gim gi thnh sn phm.

Yu cu tiu chun thc nGing m th Nng lng

Vt siu tht, siu trng CV 2000 18 - 19 % 2700 kcal

Ngan, vt chuyn trng v kim dng 17 - 18 % 2700 kcal

Chuyn t thc n vt, ngan hu b sang thc n vt, ngan :2 tun trc khi, ngan : tng 10 % thc n qu trng u tin: tng 10% thc nKhi 5% n tng dn lng thc n sao n mc n t do theo nhu cu thc n lm nhiu ln trong ngy thc n khng b tn ng mng n; Mng n nn cch mng ung ti thiu 3 m, v ch trnh c ma v

sng lm mc thc n. Nui chn th khi cho thc n b sung, nn cho n v tr cnh. Vt, ngan chn th cn xc nh t ngun thc n t kim c b sung thc;

ng, mi ti, thc n m c. Ch khng nn chn qu xa ni nht vt, ngan. Khng dng thc n i chua, mc v vt ngan rt d mn cm vi c t ca nm

mc gy cht hoc nh hng n nng sut ca vt ngan. Vt ngan nui trn kh phi lu v sinh sn chi lun sch s trnh c khi vt

ngan giao phi xong th gai giao cu v nhim bn dn n hao ht con c nhiu,nh hng n t lp n trng.

2. Nc Cung cp nc sch v nc. Nu nui chn th bui sng, bui chiu ti nn vt, ngan bi nhng ni h c

nc trong, sch ung, giao phi v lm sch lng. Ma h phi che mng ung, trnh vt, ngan ung nc nng (>250C).


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3. Thi gian chiu sng Thi gian chiu sng l tng (tt nht) l mi ngy 16 - 18 gi. Quan trng nht l thi gian chiu sng phi n nh. Khng nn ngy chiu sng,

ngy khng hoc thay i gi chiu sng lin tc. nh sng ban ng hoc n mng sng, n in u c th dng c, cn nh

sng n du nh thng l khng sng.4. Thu nht trng: Cht n phi c b sung thng xuyn vo cc v tr ca , sut giai

on vt ngan chcn b sung khng cn thay n chung, Vt ngan tp trung vo m gn sng, do nn thu nht trng vo bui sng t 6

- gi. Sau khi nht trng nu trng bn phi ra bng thuc st trng hoc xng st trng

sau trng p c a vo bo qun. Nu khng c kho lnh th bo qun bng than hoa.

5. Kim tra sc khon vt: Kim tra tnh hnh n vt, ngan hng ngy, nu c s thay i khc thng bo cho

th y x l. Trong giai on vt/ngan sinh sn cn loi chng con vt ngan quay lng (rng lng

ng cnh v ui) v nhng con l nhng con khng hoc cho nng suttrng rt thp.

Tim phng, nn tim vo thi gian dng , trnh tim vo lc vt ngan ang caov snh hng nng sut trng.

Nhn bit nhng con vt km nh th no? Vt ngan qu bo hoc qu gy Vt ngan m yu. Vt ngan c mu m v mu chn vng ti (con k tt th chn v m nht dn khi

) - khng tnh ging Khakicampell c mu m xm. Vt ngan thay lng, rng lng cnh v ui trong qu trnh . Vt ngan p bng, hoc qu mun so vi n.

Cc vn d thng gp v cch gii quyt

Nu c n vt km cn ch tm hiu cc nguyn nhn nh: thc n. ncung. iu kin chung tri khc phc kp thi; ch trnh tim phng khi vt r;

Vt km do c mt s con km: chn con km, p bng loi thi; Vt trng non hoc trng hai lng c th do tc ng mnh v t ngt v nh

sng, m thanh, cn ch trnh gy ting n qu mnh ti khu vc chn nui n sinhsn, trnh b x n, ngi chn nui trnh thay i qun o mu sc sc s, hocqu khc thng; trnh cho vt l vo chung nui;

Vt ngan trng nh, hoc trng mng, trng non: b sung thc n c nhiu mhoc khong v can xi.

Vt ngan c t lp n thp do thiu trng hoc hng trng: trong qu trnh nui:c bit l ngan, cn ch c mt t l trng d phng nht nh do hng trng. Ch khng nui trng sinh sn trong ao c c ln, hoc trn nn chung nut qu th

nhm t c th lm hng gai giao cu ca trng.Hi chng gim , nhn bit, nguyn nhn v gii php

Nhn bit T l gim Nhiu con p bng Nhiu con rng lng ng

Nguyn nhn Thay i thi tit hoc tc ng bt li t mi trng, dinh dng B bnh th nh hoc mn tnh Nc ung qu nng


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Gii php Tng cng ch chm sc v nui dng Hn ch cc tc ng bt li Dng thuc b v khng sinh liu nh Pht hin v iu tr kp thi cc bnh ly lan trong n

2.2.5 Cng tc v sinh phng bnh cho ngan vtNhng yu tnh hng n kh nng mc bnh ca gia scStress

Yu t thi tit: qu nng, qu lnh, thay i t ngt, Do vn chuyn ng di, thay i thay i chung tri v mi trng nui Do nht qu cht nht chung vi gia sc khc, Do dinh dng km, hoc cc yu t sinh l theo chu k, tui khc

H thng bo v c th yu i, gia sc mt kh nng chng bnh v d mc bnh.Thcn nc ung

Thc n nc ung khng y hoc khng m bo cht lng (i, mc, nhimkhun hoc nhim nm c...)

Ngun nc t ao t khng m bo v sinh

Ln d mc bnh hoc b ly bnh t thc n, nc ung.Nhm bnh do k sinh trng

k sinh trng l loi sng k sinh bn ngoi (rui, ve, b cht...), hoc bn trong cth (giun, sn).

Cc k sinh trng ht cht dinh dng lm tn thng da, nim mc, tn thng rutv c quan bn trong, gy tc nghn hoc nh hng n tiu ho.Ln gy cm, suy dinh dng, tin cho mt s bnh khc pht trin.

Nhm bnh do vi sinh vt Gm vi trng, vi rt cc nguyn sinh ng vt v.v.. Tn cng vo c th gia sc bng nhiu ng qua da, vt thng, nim mc,

khng kh, thc n, nc ung v v Vt ngan mi nhp v phi nui cch ly khu ring t 1 5 - 20 ngy trc khi nhp

n Nn pht hoc ct sch c sau khu vc xung quanh chung nui, gp phn hnch rn. chut v d v sinh

Cng tc phng bnh cho ngan vtTrang thit b

Trc khi nhp vt v ngan, trang thit b chn nui cn c ra sch v st trnghoc phi kh vi nng.

Mng n. mng ung cn c c ra thng xuynn chung

C th dng phoi bo, tru hoc rm r, c kh ct ngn. Cht n chung trc khi s dng phi c phi kh , tiu c bng cc cht st

trng k trn. mt ngy, sau ri u cho bay hi ht mi a vo chung.Mt s gi v cng tc v sinh sau t nui v cng tc st trng:

Sau mi t nui. cn thit phi v sinh chng tri v kh trng tiu c sau trng chung khong 7 - 1 5 ngy.

Nguyn tc v sinh chung tri v thu gom rc thi v cht n chung:- Dn rc v cht thi ln trc, qut bi v cc th bt, vn sau:- Qut kh trc, c nc sau;- Qut dn sch trc. dng cht kh trng sau.

Cc cht kh trng c th dng Vi bt: c th dng rc xung quanh v bn trong chung nui, 2 -3 ngy ri qut

dn. Ch khng dng khi c gia sc trong chung v bt vi c th vo mi, hngv nh hng n nim mc ng h hp


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Nc vi: tt nht l dng nc vi mi ti; dng qut nn chung, sn chi vxung quanh tng. Cn ch y kh mi ri n chung v a vt ngan vo.

Dng Formol t 1 - 3 % hoc Crezil ( 3 - 5 % ): Phun ton b nn v tng chung. Xng hi bng hn hp formol v thuc tm liu lng c 1 7 ,5 gam thuc tm + 35

ml Formol cho 1 m3 chung nui; khi xng hi i hi chung phi kn mi c tc

dng. 'V sinh thcn v nc ung Khng cho vt. ngan n cc loi thc n i, mc. V thc n b nhim c t ca nm

mc l mt trong cc nguyn nhn gy cht ngan, vt c bit l vt , ngan con Khng dng cc loi thc n c hm lng mui cao . Cho ung nc sch; khng dng nc. c, nc ao: h t ng hoc nc ging

c hm lng st cao C th dng thuc tm (5 gam cho 10 lt nc) kh trng nc ung cho vt, ngan

hoc Cloramin (10 gram cho 10 lt nc)Cc ch khi vt ngan mc bnh hoc nghi mc bnh

Nhn bit vt, ngan mc bnh: Vt ngan bn hoc km n r, nm mt ch hoc li vn ng, li i li, co

cm thnh m

ng tc i li hot ng bt thng, v d cnh s, ngoo hoc rt u c hoc ccc triu chng thn kinh, bi lit,

Lng x xc mt nhm hoc l Ku yu, khn hoc khng ku c di, dch trong hoc nhn, c mi. mt lm vt

ngan kh th, vy m St cao, ung nhiu nc Hu mn t v bt phn do a chy Nu l vt , gim ng lot

Cc bin php cn lm khi vt ngan mc bnh hoc nghi mc bnh Khi pht hin vt. ngan m. yu cn ch loi ngay ra khi n v cch ly tc thi

theo di. Xc vt ngan cht cn phi a ngay ra khi khu vc chn nui v x l tu tng lot

bnh. Bo cn b th y n kim tra hoc gi mu gia sc m, cht i kim tra. Khi c vt trong a phng nghi mc bnh. cn tng cng cc bin php v sinh v

st trng chung tri; khng th vt ngan n chung ng, ao, rung vi vt ngan nghimc bnh.

Lch phng bnh v tim phng cho vtLch phng bnh v tim phng cho vt

(rt cn xem kli ngn gn v d p dng )

Ngy tui Vaccin, thuc khng sinh v cch dng1-3 Phng chng nhim trng rn, cc loi bnh ng rut v

chng stress bng cc loi khng sinh nh Ampi-coly,

Ttacycline, Streptomycine, Noex, Neotsol b sung vitaminnh: B1, Bcomlex, ADE hay du c.

15-28 Tim phng vccin dch t vt ln 1 tim di d(c hay cnh)B sung vitamin v khng sinh phng bnh v chng stress sautim phng.

28-46 Phng bnh Ecoli, t huyt trng, ph thng hn vt bng ccloi khng sinh, Sulphamide v b sung vitamin.C th tim phng vccin t huyt trng cho vt.

56-60 Tim phng vccin dch t vt ln 270-120 Phng bnh bng khng sinh , b sung vitamin theo nh k 1 - 2


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thng/ln liu trnh 3 - 5 ngy.135-185 Tim vaccin dch t ln 3

B sung vitamin v khng sinh phng bnh nh k 1 - 2thng/ln liu trnh 3 - 5 ngy trong thi k trng

Sau khi 5-6 thng Tim phng nhc li vaccin dch t vt ln 4Phng bnh bng khng sinh nh k 1 -2 thng/ln.

Dch phng bnh v tim phng cho ngan.

Ngy tui Vccin, thuc khng sinh v cch dng1-3 Phng chng nhim trng rn : cc bnh ng rut v chng

stress bng cc loi khng sinh Ampi-ColiTetracycline . Streptomycin: Necx, NoetesolB sung vitamin nh B1 ,Bcomlex, ADE hay du c.

18-25 Tim phng vccin dch t ln 1 (tim di da c hay cnh)B sung vitamin v khng sinh phng bnh v chng, stress sautim phng.

28-46 Phng bnh EColi, t huyt trng , ph thng hn bng cc loi

khng sinh, Sulphamide v b sung vitamin56-60 Tim phng vaccin dch t ln 270-120 Phng bnh bng khng sinh, b sung vitamin theo nh k 1 - 2

thng/ln liu trnh 3 - 5 ngy.180-190 Tim vccin dch t ln 3

B sung vitamin v khng sinh phng bnh trong thi k trngSau khi 6 thng Tim phng nhc li vaccin dch t ln 4

Phng bnh bng khng sinh nh k 1-2 thng/lnVc xin v lu s dng vc xin Mt s loi vc xin lun bo qun lnh t 4- 100C (ng vi chdn ghi trn nhn vc

xin). Khng vc xin nhit bn ngoi, khng nh sng chiu trc tip. Dng cho ng vt kho mnh, khng dng cho ng vt yu hay mc bnh: ng

vt qu non. Vc xin phng bnh no chdng phng bnh . Dng vc xin ng liu lng, ng v tr: ng la tui. Phi tim nhc li vc xin ng nh k theo hng dn ca nh sn xut. Khi dng vc xin phi kim tra l vc xin bng mt thng, kim tra nhn, c ng

loi khng, xem mu sc: vn c g khc thng. Xem Cn dng, nu ht hn tuyt i khng dng mc d c bo qun tt. Vc xin pha xong dng ngay, khng qu 2-3 gi sau khi pha, khng cm lu trong

tay. Cc Vc xin c th tim cng mt lc nhiu v tr khc nhau: ng liu qui nh

Cch tim phng .Cc ch khi ly thuc v tim

Dng c, ng tim, kim tim, nc ct u v trng, sau khi hp hoc luc phi ngui mi dng.

Trc khi pha hoc ly vc xin, tay phi st trng bng cn 700, nt l thuc phic st trng trc khi ly thuc

i vi vc xin nhc c cc dng c phi ngui, khng c dng thuc sttrng nh cn.

Nu l vc xin c b tr phi tim bp su. Dng c dng xong phi tit trng, kim tim, l thu tinh khng c vt ba bi.


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Ch 3: K THUT NUI LN THT TRONG NNG H3.1. Cc ging ln nng dn thng nui Ln ni:

1, Ln Mng CiC ngun gc huyn Mng Ci, tnh Qung Ninh

Ln Mng Ci c c im: u en, gia trn c im trng hnh tam gic hochnh thoi; vai c c vnh trng di n bng v 4 chn; lng mng mu en hnh ynnga; u to, tai nh, lng vng.

2, Ln Tm vc nh hn Mng Ci, ton thn mu en, chn ngn, mn ngn, cong hoc

thng. Lng vng, bng s, chn yu.

3, Ln Lang HngLn Lang Hng l ging ln a phng Bc Ninh, c pha mu cu ln Mng CiLn c mu lng da en trng khng n nh, tm vc nh

4, Ln Mng Khng

C ngun gc Mng Khng, Bt st, tnh Lo CaiLng en tuyn, c con c m trng trn v 4 chn, c khc ui tai to r che knhai mt, tm vc trung bnh, mnh lp

5, Ln Ba XuynL ging lai gia ln B X v ln Becsia. Ln c nui nhiu tnh Cn Th,

Minh Hi, Sc TrngLn c mu lng khoang trng en, phn b khng u trn thn, tm vc trung

bnh, trng mnh va, mn ngn

6, Ln Thuc NhiuL ln lai gia ging ln trng B X vi ln Yoocsia vng Thuc Nhiu, huyn

Cai Ly, tnh Tin Giang. Ging ln ny c nui ph bin vng nc ngt thuc ng

bng sng Cu long.Mu lng trng tuyn, c m en nh mt, mnh ngn, tai hi nh v pha trc,

tm vc trung bnh

7, Ln trng Ph Khnhc hnh thnh trn nn chnh l ging ln ca phng vi s pha mu ca mt

s ging ngoi nh Yoocsia, Duroc hnh thnh nn nhm ln lai c mu trng, c nng sutcao hn.

Ton thn mu trng, lng tha, da mn bng, tai ng, u nh, ngc su, lngthng, bng to khng s* Ln lai kinh t

L con lai gia ln m ni (Mng Ci, , ln a phng khc) v ln b ngoi (i bch,Yoocsai, Landrat). Con lai thng c mu lng trng hoc lang trng en (mu lng theob), kh nui, nu c u t tt th ln nhanh, t l tht nc cao hn ging ni v cho hiuqu kinh t cao. Hin nay con laii Bch x Mng Ci ang c ngi dn a chung

3.2. Chn gingLn ging tt, phi l nhng con kho mnh, c thn hnh cn i, phm n, thng

l nhng con u n nui ln nhanh nht, sau n nhng con trung bnh v chm lnnht l con cui .

+ Mnh di, cn i, lng thng, mng trn, bng thon gn, mng vai n, gc ui to,chn thanh thng v chc, c 12 v tr nn. Nu ln

Tap Huan Chan Nuoi

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