Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The...

11
CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018 IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania Food Security and Nutrition Analysis System and Zanzibar Food Security (MUCHALI) and Zanzibar Nutrition Information and Early Warning System (ZFSNIEWS) in Jan-Dec, 2018. The Chronic Food Insecurity analysis of Tanzania was analysed for 13 regions, 8 regions in Tanzania Mainland and all regions in Zanzibar. The regions are Dodoma, Kaskazini unguja,Kaskazini Pemba,Kagera,Mjini Magharibi,Tanga,Kilimanjaro.Lindi, Rukwa,Kusini Unguja,Kusini Pemba, Shinyanga and Kigoma. KEY FIGURES MONTH YEAR* People chronically food insecure 2,899,298 #% of the population People facing severe chronic food insecurity (IPC CFI Level 3+) IN NEED OF ACTION Level 4 716,799 People at Severe level Level 3 2,182,499 People at Moderate level Level 2 6,951,486 People at Mild level Level 1 7,353,422 People at Minimal level Note: IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Analyses results are valid up to 5 years, in absence of unusual shocks How Many -2.8 million people are chronically food insecure across 13 regions; out of them, 7 hundred thousand are experiencing severe chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 4), and 2.0 million are moderately chronically food insecure (IPC Level 3). The population classified in level 3 and 4 are of major concern and warrant action from the government and the development community. However, more than 14 million are in level 1 and level 2, which means in the common year the households (HH), are able to access a diet of acceptable quantity and quality for an active and healthy life. Where and Who - No region falls in severe chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 4), the concern are the regions of Kigoma , Kaskazini Pemba and Kaskazini Unguja, which fall in moderate chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 3). The remaining 10 regions fall under mild chronic food insecurity that means In a common year, HHs are able to access a diet of adequate quantity, but do not always consume a diet of adequate quality. The populations most in need are those who depend on low valued livelihoods such as marginal farmers, agriculture wage labourers and marginal fishermen Why - The major factors contributing to the severe and moderate chronic food insecurity conditions are: low valued livelihood strategies (providing inadequate and often unpredictable income) combined with high dependency on single livelihood and low literacy rates, which result in high poverty , poor sanitation and lack of infrastructural facilities such as electricity, roads, and growth centres Level 4 - Severe CFI In a common year, HHs have seasonal deficits in quantity of food for more than 4 months of the year and consistently do not consume a diet of adequate quality. HH livelihoods are very marginal and are not resilient. HHs are likely to have severely stunted children. People at Severe level Level 3 – Moderate CFI In a common year, HHs have ongoing mild deficits in food quantity and/or seasonal food quantity deficits for 2 to 4 months of the year and consistently do not consume a diet of adequate quality. HH livelihoods are marginally sustainable and resilience to shocks is very limited. HHs are likely to have moderately stunted children Moderate level Level 2 – Mild CFI In a common year, HHs are able to access a diet of adequate quantity, but do not always consume a diet of adequate quality. HH livelihoods are borderline sustainable, though resilience to shocks is limited. HHs are not likely to have moderately or severely stunted children. Level 1 – No CFI In a common year, households (HH) are continuously able to access and consume a diet of acceptable quantity and quality for an active and healthy life. HH livelihoods are sustainable and resilient to shocks. HHs are not likely to have stunted children. Tanzania IPC CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS Jan – Dec 2018 Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

Transcript of Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The...

Page 1: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions

The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania Food Security and Nutrition Analysis System and

Zanzibar Food Security (MUCHALI) and Zanzibar Nutrition Information and Early Warning System (ZFSNIEWS) in Jan-Dec, 2018. The Chronic

Food Insecurity analysis of Tanzania was analysed for 13 regions, 8 regions in Tanzania Mainland and all regions in Zanzibar. The regions are

Dodoma, Kaskazini unguja,Kaskazini Pemba,Kagera,Mjini Magharibi,Tanga,Kilimanjaro.Lindi, Rukwa,Kusini Unguja,Kusini Pemba, Shinyanga

and Kigoma.

KEY FIGURES MONTH YEAR*

People chronically food

insecure

2,899,298 #% of the population

People facing severe chronic food insecurity (IPC CFI Level 3+)

IN NEED OF ACTION

Level 4 716,799

People at Severe level

Level 3 2,182,499

People at Moderate level

Level 2 6,951,486

People at Mild level

Level 1 7,353,422

People at Minimal level

Note: IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Analyses results are valid up to 5 years, in absence of unusual shocks

How Many -2.8 million people are chronically food insecure across 13 regions; out of them, 7 hundred thousand are experiencing severe chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 4), and 2.0 million are moderately chronically food insecure (IPC Level 3). The population classified in level 3 and 4 are of major concern and warrant action from the government and the development community. However, more than 14 million are in level 1 and level 2, which means in the common year the households (HH), are able to access a diet of acceptable quantity and quality for an active and healthy life.

Where and Who - No region falls in severe chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 4), the concern are the regions of Kigoma , Kaskazini Pemba and Kaskazini Unguja, which fall in moderate chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 3). The remaining 10 regions fall under mild chronic food insecurity that means In a common year, HHs are able to access a diet of adequate quantity, but do not always consume a diet of adequate quality. The populations most in need are those who depend on low valued livelihoods such as marginal farmers, agriculture wage labourers and marginal fishermen

Why - The major factors contributing to the severe and moderate chronic food insecurity conditions are: low valued livelihood strategies (providing inadequate and often unpredictable income) combined with high dependency on single livelihood and low literacy rates, which result in high poverty , poor sanitation and lack of infrastructural facilities such as electricity, roads, and growth centres

Level 4 - Severe CFI In a common year, HHs have seasonal deficits in quantity of food for more than 4 months of the year and consistently do not consume a diet of adequate quality. HH livelihoods are very marginal and are not resilient. HHs are likely to have severely stunted children. People at Severe level

Level 3 – Moderate CFI In a common year, HHs have ongoing mild deficits in food quantity and/or seasonal food quantity deficits for 2 to 4 months of the year and consistently do not consume a diet of adequate quality. HH livelihoods are marginally sustainable and resilience to shocks is very limited. HHs are likely to have moderately stunted children Moderate level

Level 2 – Mild CFI In a common year, HHs are able to access a diet of adequate quantity, but do not always consume a diet of adequate quality. HH livelihoods are borderline sustainable, though resilience to shocks is limited. HHs are not likely to have moderately or severely stunted children.

Level 1 – No CFI In a common year, households (HH) are continuously able to access and consume a diet of acceptable quantity and quality for an active and healthy life. HH livelihoods are sustainable and resilient to shocks. HHs are not likely to have stunted children.

Tanzania IPC CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS Jan – Dec 2018

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

Page 2: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

(AREA) Tot. Pop. Area Classification

IPC CFI

Level 1

IPC CFI

Level 2

IPC CFI

Level 3

IPC CFI

Level 4

Pop. % % % %

Dodoma 2, 492,989 2 1,246,494 50% 772,827/ 31% 373,948 15% 99,720 4%

Kagera 3,022,037 2 1,586,569 53% 906,611 30% 377,754 13% 151,102 5%

Kaskazini Pemba 271,594 3 54,319 20% 162,956 60% 35,307 13% 19,011 7%

Kaskazini Unguja 227,134 3 68,140 30% 113,567 50% 34,070 15% 11,357 5%

Kigoma 2,127,930 3 638,379 30% 1,063,965 50% 319,190 15% 106,397 5%

Kilimanjaro 1,864,329 2 652,515 35% 792,340 43% 233,041 13% 93,216 5%

Kusini pemba 251,631 2 88,071 35% 100,6852 40% 25,163 10% 12,582 5%

Lindi 983,738 2 368,902 38% 442,682 45% 147,560 15% 24,593 3%

Mjini Magaharibi 700,791 2 350,395 50% 280,316 40% 35,040 5% 35,040 5%

Rukwa 1, 179,149 2 536,512 46% 412,702 35% 176,872 15% 53,062 5%

Shinyanga 1, 874,709 2 749,884 40% 749,884 40% 234,338 13% 46,868 3%

Tanga 2, 286,528 2 971,774 43% 1,086,101 48% 171,489 8% 57,163 3%

Kusini Unguja 133, 767 2 41,468 31% 66,883 50% 18,727 14% 6,688 5%

Aggregate TOTAL

17, 416,626 2 7,353,422 42% 6,951,486 40% 2,182,499 13% 716,799

4%

What’s on the map?

The majority of the regions are experiencing mild level of chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 2) and few regions are facing moderate level situation (IPC Level 3).The three regions of Level 3 should be prioritized in programmes aiming at increasing quality and quantity of food consumption and decrease chronic malnutrition. Nevertheless, the ten regions are experiencing mild level of chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 2) need to be monitored as well as reached out with disaster risk reduction programme to protect and strengthen livelihoods as needed.

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Situation Overview

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Classification Map

Page 3: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

Classification results and issues

The IPC-Chronic Classification consists of four levels of chronic food insecurity (CFI) severity, specifically: Minimal CFI (Level 1), Mild CFI (Level 2), Moderate CFI (Level 3), and Severe CFI (Level 4). Analysis considers food security outcomes and contributing factors food consumption (quality), food consumption (quantity), chronic malnutrition, underlying/causal factors and FS Dimension/limiting factors. Based on an analysis of these domains, with data disaggregated for 13 regions, the entire regions were classified as Mild CFI (Level 2). Overall, 40 percent of 6.9 million people were classified as mild CFI. The estimated prevalence of Moderate and Severe CFI was highest in the Kigoma, Kaskazini Unguja and Kaskazini pemba where it ranged 20 percent. The prevalence of moderate and severe CFI was lowest in Mjini Magharibi and Tanga where it ranged 1o percent. Households which face moderate and severe chronic food insecurity experience seasonal food deficits for two to four months per year and have poor dietary diversity. Maize , rice,beans,millet …….. are widely grown and serve as primary livelihoods, but available data indicates that the majority of the population in all regions consumes a diet of inadequate quality. Lack of dietary quality is likely linked to poor incomes, constrained access to a diverse array of foods, and limited knowledge about the importance of dietary diversity. Nonetheless, the extremely poor state of the road network constrain farmer incomes, market access, and contribute to high food prices in rural areas. Many households are likely to have moderately stunted children and very limited resilience to shocks, such as the Floods and drought that occurred between 2014 and 2018.

RECCOMENDED: (Avoid technical jargon and try to always substantiate the findings by making reference to the facts/evidence/dirfect and indirect indicators corroborating the final classification.)

Limiting and underlying factors driving Chronic Food Insecurity

Given relatively adequate rainfall, levels have a comparative advantage in agricultural production in Tanzania Mainland. Therefore, food availability is not considered a major limiting factor for households to maintain adequate food security except to some regions with occurrence of floods and drought. Although Tanzania Zanzibar depend much on importation of staple food still the food availability was minor limiting factor.

Food access is a significant problem for many households due to limited purchasing power. Road networks specifically those that traverse through farms and villages are inadequate, making it difficult for people to transport goods. Poor household income limits households’ ability to purchase a diverse diet.

Chronic food insecurity regions are also caused by human capital (inadequate knowledge and skills and poor health). High illiteracy rates, education levels compromise households’ ability to increase income, seek better employment opportunities and adopt better health practices.

Food utilization is considered a major limiting factor in many of households particularly in kigoma, Rukwa, Kagera . Food diversity and number of meals the households ate per day were the significant determinants associated with malnutrition. Very low practice of exclusive breastfeeding and high illiteracy rates all contribute to inadequate food utilization.

Main Underlying Factors

Human Capital: Low literacy rate and poor access to educational institutions

Physical capital: Poor road networks and public transport facilities hamper food access.

Financial capital: there are limited opportunities for productive employment, which limits household income.

Natural Capital: Many poor households do not own land which contribute to limited productivity and low household income.

Policies Institutions and Processes:

Outcomes of Chronic Food Insecurity

Food insecurity causes not only potentially serious health consequences like hanger and acute malnutrition but also complications such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and reduced health and quality of life..( Tanzania context)

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Situation Overview

Page 4: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

Response Priorities

Integrated food security and nutrition interventions with food –based and economic empowerment programs targeting the poor and vulnerable and to those regions with high level of IPC Chronic Food insecurity. Expand market driven initiatives into social safety-net interventions for extremely poor and food insecure households to increase income and consumption and improve the ability to cope with shocks among targeted vulnerable population groups, while enhancing and protecting the human capital of their children. Advocacy and awareness to increase food utilization programs, promotion of safe, sufficient, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs or food preferences, promotion of infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) and increase utilization of improved water and sanitation facilities. Increase of labor market interventions integrated within social protection programs such as 1) public work projects for improving road and market infrastructure, investments in rural off-farm and non-farm employment generating activities such as agribusiness enterprises will enhance both infrastructure development and employment and income generation. The regions like kigoma, Kaskazini unguja and Kaskazini Pemba found to be moderate chronic food insecure are both inadequate energy consumption and poor quality diets, it is imperative to invest in interventions to boost strengthening market linkages, investing in post-harvest management such as food storage, processing, and preservation. The most important is to raising awareness on food diversification and consumption in all regions

Monitoring and Updates

To ensure that the results of the IPC chronic analysis are used in planning strategies along food and nutrition security, poverty reduction, and safety nets

[Include recommendations for analysis-related steps, for example: Recommendations for data collection, information systems or monitoring improvements needed to address data gaps if necessary. TWG-related activities. Recommendations for updating the analysis, especially relating to the stability of the situation and future publication of evidence from important sources that might warrant inclusion in the analysis. Any other relevant analysis-related next steps]

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Recommendations for Action

Page 5: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURETY SITUATION

2.8 MILLION

PEOPLE FACING SEVERE CHRONIC FOOD

INSECURITY

17.4 M Total Population

PEOPLE MOST AFFECTED PER REGION

Kaskazin

i P

emb

a

Kaskazin

i

Un

gu

ja

Kig

om

a

Ru

kwa

Do

do

ma

Ku

sini

Un

gu

ja

Kag

era

Lin

di

Kilim

anjaro

Sh

inyan

ga

Ku

sini

Pem

ba

Tan

ga

Mjin

i M

agh

aribi

#% of the total population need action addressing chronic food

insecurity

54,318 45,427 425,587 229,934 473,668 37,74

5 528,85

6 172,153 326,257

281,206

37,745 228,652

70,080

716,799 People at Severe level

MAJOR LIMITING FACTORS KEY OUTCOMES

2,182,499 People at Moderate level

FOOD AVAILABILITY

LIMITED IN 0 AREA

S INADEQUATE FOOD CONSUMPTION

6,951,486 People at Mild level

FOOD ACCESS LIMITED

IN 09 AREAS

##% people

INSUFICIENT FOOD QUANTITY

7,353,422 People at Minimal level

FOOD UTILIZATION

ISSUES IN 05 AREA

S

##% people

INSUFICIENT FOOD QUALITY

MAJOR UNDERLYING FACTORS NUTRITION STATUS

##%

PEOPLE FACING HIGH LEVEL OF

POVERTY ##%

POPULATION WITH LIMITED SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD

STRATEGIES

##%

Low income and purchasing power

Limited access to social services Children under 5 years of age

chronically malnourished

Lack of access to productive assets

Vulnerability to shocks

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Results in Figures

Page 6: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

OVERVIEW OF THE LIMITING AND UNDERLYING FACTORS BY REGION

AREA

LIMITING FACTORS OF FOOD INSECURITY

UNDERLYING FACTORS OF FOOD INSECURITY

Food Availability

Food Access

Food Utilization

Livelihood Strategies

Human Capitals

Physical Capitals

Financial Capitals

Natural Capitals

Social Capitals

Policy/ Institutional

Processes

Recurrent Risks

Unusual Crises

Dodoma

Kagera

Kaskazini Pemba

Kaskazini Unguja

Kigoma

Kilimanjaro

Kusini Unguja

Kusini Pemba

Lindi

Mjini magharibi

Rukwa

Shinyanga

Tanga

Legend Major Factor Minor Factor Not a Factor No Data

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Results in Figures

Page 7: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Population Estimates

Page 8: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

Kaskazini Pemba

According to a convergence of data from available data and underlying factors analysed, Kaskazini Pemba is classified with moderate chronic food insecurity – Level 3. These results suggest that 20 percent (54,318 people) of households in Kaskazini Pemba have seasonal deficits 2-4 months of the year, do not consistently consume a quality diet and likely have moderately stunted children. food availability is generally good given the market situation. However, most main staples are imported and obtained through purchases thus the price is very high, food access is limited due to high prices, poor purchasing power for some poor households. 80% HH spend total cash on food by 50%. About 25 % HHs in each level based on convergence of evidence from evidence on nutritional status (including direct and indirect evidence) are moderately and severely stunted. List interventions for Kaskazini Pemba

IPC CFI LEVEL

% (‘000s) MAJOR LIMITING

FACTORS MAJOR UNDERLAYING

FACTORS

1 20 54, 319 Food accessibility Human Capital Natural capital Financial capita 2 60 162,956

3 13 35,307

4 7 19,011

Kaskazini Unguja

According to a convergence of data from available data and underlying factors analysed, Kaskazini Pemba is classified with moderate chronic food insecurity – Level 3. These results suggest that 20 percent (45,427 people) of households in Kaskazini Unguja have seasonal deficits 2-4 months of the year, do not consistently consume a quality diet and likely have moderately stunted children. food availability is limiting factor. Most of main staples are imported and obtained through purchases thus the price is very high, food access is limited due to high prices, poor purchasing power for some poor households. 75 % HHs spend total cash on food by 50%. About 30 % HHs in each level based on convergence of evidence from evidence on nutritional status (including direct and indirect evidence) are moderately and severely stunted List interventions for Kaskazini Unguja

IPC CFI LEVEL % (‘000s) MAJOR LIMITING

FACTORS MAJOR UNDERLAYING

FACTORS

1 30 68,140 Food availability Food accessibility Food Utilization

Financial capital

2 50 113,567

3 15 34, 070

4 5 11, 357

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Profiles of the Most Affected Areas

Page 9: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

Kigoma

According to a convergence of data from available data and underlying factors analyzed, Kigoma is classified with moderate chronic food insecurity – Level 3. These results suggest that 20 percent (425,587 people) of households in Kigoma have seasonal deficits 2-4 months of the year, do not consistently consume a quality diet and likely have moderately stunted children. In Kigoma food availability is minor factor because the region produces surplus for most of main staples but they are mainly not well linked by transport network from their rural areas where more crop yield are produced. Transportation and storage facilities are hindering the smooth flow of goods from the farm or production areas to the market, Domestic market has been exploitative to producers due to use of unequal dimension. HHs lack purchasing power for high quality food, obtained through purchases thus the price is very high, food access is limited due to high prices, poor purchasing power for some poor households. 61 % HH spend total cash on food by 50%. Other issue Kigoma include presence of refugees in the region who bring about conflicts, competition in natural resources like land, water and firewood. However, the exclusive breastfeeding practices have remained low over the years about 35 % HHs in each level based on convergence of evidence from evidence on nutritional status (including direct and indirect evidence) are moderately and severely stunted. List interventions for Kigoma

IPC CFI LEVEL

% Pop MAJOR LIMITING

FACTORS MAJOR UNDERLAYING

FACTORS

1 30 638,379 Food accebility Human Capital Natural capital Financil capita 2 50 1,063,96

5

3 15 319, 190

4 5 106,397

Page 10: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Process, Methodology and Data source

Page 11: Tanzania IPC Report - UN INFO...IPC Report IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Level Descriptions The present findings based on the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity analysis conducted by Tanzania

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Report # 01 | Issued on December, 2018

IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Main reference sources