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Tank Development World War II

Zachary Everett Spring 2016 - May 11, 2016

Dr. Vanessa Irvin LIS 601: Introduction to Reference & Information Services

University of Hawaii at Manoa

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Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Topic ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Audience ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Citation Style ......................................................................................................................................... 3 General Source ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Search Strategy ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Search Terms ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Library of Congress Subject Headings .............................................................................................. 4 Library of Congress Call Numbers .................................................................................................... 4 Dewey Decimal ................................................................................................................................ 5 Boolean Expression .......................................................................................................................... 5 NL Search String ............................................................................................................................... 5

Search Process .............................................................................................................................................. 5 OPAC ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

UH Voyager ...................................................................................................................................... 5 World Cat ......................................................................................................................................... 6

Databases ............................................................................................................................................. 6 EBSCO: Host Academic Search ......................................................................................................... 6 JSTOR ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Google Scholar ................................................................................................................................. 7 Ebrary .............................................................................................................................................. 8 ProQuest .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Project Muse .................................................................................................................................... 8 Ulrich's Web ..................................................................................................................................... 9 USA.Gov ........................................................................................................................................... 9

Web Resources ................................................................................................................................... 10 Youtube .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Bing ................................................................................................................................................ 10

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Bibliography................................................................................................................................................ 12 Appendix I – Annotated Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 15

Main Topic: Tank Development of WWII ....................................................................................... 15 Sub Topic 1: Light Tank .................................................................................................................. 16 Sub Topic 2: Heavy Tank ................................................................................................................ 16

Appendix II – Search Terms Relevancy Chart ............................................................................................ 17 Result Relevance ............................................................................................................................ 17 Search Types .................................................................................................................................. 17 Matrixes ......................................................................................................................................... 18

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Introduction

As one must destructive war in human history, World War II has been remembered as the war that brought swift change to human society. Nowhere was this more felt then in the weapons that were built to bring about the defeat of a nation. The “tank” a vehicle incased in armor and made mobile by tracks fitting for a tractor was a weapon wielded by all nations that had a standing army. WWII did not create the tank, but refined it. From the years of 1939 to 1945 the Axis powers and the Allied powers, sought new ways to better the tank. To the United States (M4 Sherman) to the Soviet (T34) and the German (Tiger). Nothing could have prepared the world for the development race that would revolutionize the tank from a slow obsolete metal casket to a fast armored machine of war. Why this topic? Tanks are a weapon that many see on the battlefield. But what most don’t realize is that what they see today was vastly different in WWII. Tanks had many roles and forms that suited different purposes. Today we only know of one configuration the “Main Battle Tank.” Back then it was the light tank, medium tank, heavy tank, and super heavy. Yet, for this bibliographic project, I’ll address the concern of how the development of these tanks WWII where fielded on the battlefield. Two subtopics will be provided, one the “development of the light tank” and the second the “development of the heavy tank.” This bibliography represents the collection of Hamilton library, located in the “State of Hawaii” at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

Development of this bibliography was brought on by the need to expand and education war time scholarly students on the scope of the tank and how its design was advanced. The idea behind the bibliography is that users will have little to no amount of knowledge on the development of certain designs of the tank. Thus, the use of this resource will provide them with an abundance of source materials that will allow for a growth in knowledge of wartime weapons. This bibliography will also serve as a foundation for users to create their own wartime era bibliographies and projects. All information presented is for the educating and expanding of WWII history and events from multiple perspectives.

For the bibliography, all my research citations shall be based on the Chicago Manual Style 16 Edition (Chicago)

Jarrett, George B. Combat Tanks. New York, Meredith Press. 1969. (Call #:UG446.5 .J34)

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Search Strategy

To located subject headings for the topic, I consulted the volume five, Library of Congress: Subject Headings. All research completed were done through the use of Subject Headings which represents a controlled vocabulary (CV). This vocabulary is used to narrow down subject headings and to make a search process easier to complete. What also should be noted is there are a number of terms used within the Library of Congress: Subject Headings that are designations/codes. These designations allow users to locate more results depending on the subject. The designated are:

o (BT) = Broader term o (NT) = Narrower term o (RT) = Related Term o (UF) = Used For

Locating the subject terms for the military vehicle “Tank in WWII” depended on what vocabulary is used. Looking at the Library of Congress for Subject headings on tanks. Most of the headings found were large in scope when focusing on the combative aspect of Tanks in WWII. At the same time there were also individual subjects based on the category of individual tank designs and names. The subjects that were used were based on how relevant they were and how much information they provide on WWII tank development. Library of Congress: Subject Headings TANK WARFARE TANK (MILITARY WARFARE) TANK INDUSTRY TANK TACTICS TANKS ANTITANK WARFARE

Locating the call numbers for the bibliography involved utilizing the Library of Congress Classification Outline. I looked under the classification “U – Military Science,” to find information on tank development in WWII.

• Tank (Military Science) UG 446.5 • Cavalry. Armor UE1-500 • Armored cavalry UE 147 • Tactics. Maneuvers. Drill regulations UE 157-302 • Military motor vehicles UG 615-620

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• Tank (Vehicles) 356.1883 • World War II, 1939-1945 940.53

• tank AND development* • tank AND (world war II AND light tank OR heavy tank) • tank AND light tank* NOT (heavy tank) • tank warfare* AND world war II • (world war II AND heavy tank) • tank OR light tank OR heavy tank • tanks AND WWII • light tank AND world war II AND development • heavy tank AND world war II AND development

• tanks in world war II • tank evolution • tank development in WWII • the advancement of WWII tanks • light tank in world war II • world war II heavy tanks

Search Process

UH Voyager

For user wishing to locate books on tanks in World War II. Voyager offers a number of opportunities for searching. Utilizing (CV) TANK and narrowing the years down between 1939-1945, allowed me to acquire certain subjects on tank regiments and divisions of the German army. Use of subject headings and (CV) TANK INDUSTRY, MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE, TANK WARFARE, yielded a variety results from just 4 resources to 89 resources. Most of these sources though did not match with Tank development in WWII. This brought about a change in strategy, going back to the (CV) and narrow the search (NT) and locate subject matter that may be related (RT) to the tank developing in WWII. But because the subject headings were so broad in scope, I could not narrow the search with just subjecting headings alone.

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Thus, I incorporating Boolean and NL string into the search processes. The first strings I looked at was my sub-topics “light tank,” and “heavy tank.” Creating the Boolean revolved around using certain key words that I believed would bring results. Use of Boolean tank warfare* AND world war II, light tank AND world war ii AND development, and (world war ii AND heavy tank) yield some results but, information was sparse on tank differences in WWII. Here the NL string came into use. Focusing on tank evolution, light tanks, and tanks in world war ii yielded results revolving around nations and different tanks they employed. Most nations during WWII had their own history of tank development and classification.

WorldCat

I decided to use WorldCat to locate any books or magazines on the tank development in World War II. With the search, I was able to utilized WorldCats advance bar. There are many possibilities of narrowing the search including by “year” “audience,” “content,” “format,” and “language.” Boolean operator tank warfare AND world war 2 yielded 2,112 results, I devised the search around keywords. This allowed me to locate some important books on tanks like Armour tactics in the Second World War: Panzer army campaigns of 1939-41 in German war diaries. This resource has diaries from tank crews and how they deployed in the battlefield. While certain Boolean yielded results while others did not. Using a combination of NL strings tanks in world war 2, the advancement of WWII tanks, plus Boolean light tank AND world war II AND development yielded some really good results. Users would find tank sources on specific nations like Russian tanks of World War 2 by (John Milson) and American tanks of World War 2 by (Terry Gander).

EBSCO: Host Academic Search

Begin with my first search, I looked into Boolean and Subject Headings to get a clear idea of my search results would be like. Using the CV: TANK, TANK INDUSTRY, MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE, TANK WARFARE, ANTITANK WARFARE, result where mixed. Some CVs gave some publishing materials based on tanks while others focused on different materials like water tanks. Looking at the (CV) results, most were academic articles and periodicals. To narrow the search, the date 1939 – 1945 was added in the “advance search.” The most successful and relevant searches on EBSCO were, tank warfare* AND world war ii which yielded 297 results. I also used (TX): “All Text” to see how the search would perform. Many of the results focused on tank doctrine by national development. I also used Boolean to expand on results. The Boolean that were useful in EBSCO included: tanks AND wwii, tank AND development* and tank OR light tank OR heavy tank. At times, I found that some searches worked with only changing the wording. World War II can also be also being used as WWII. To expand on EBSCO advance search for the subtopics, I used NL string world war II heavy tanks to locate articles on the heavy tank and light tank subjects. One interesting article was that was bforund with these results was

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The Fearsome, Flawed Tiger I. A good article on the one of the most feared heavy tanks in WWII. With other CV terms like TANK WARFARE and Boolean tank AND development* there were no results.

JSTOR

With JSTOR, the reason this database was chosen was based on its collections having various disciples of full-text journals. Also from previews experience this database had been utilized for war related materials for projects that I’ve worked on in the pass. There is something that should be noted with the JSTOR database, it does not have a full range of subjects in fact it offers no subjects at all beyond Caption, Abstract, Item Title, Author and Full-Text. This limited me to using CV, NL strings, and Boolean operations to locate materials on WWII tanks.

Search strings that I found to be the most effect in getting result were mostly centered on NL Strings and Boolean. To work with the limited search engine provided, I decided to use FT: FULL TEXT and added a simple NL string light tank in world war ii to the search bar. This gave me some results, one of which was an article called Eclipse of the Tank. Now with the use of CV there were limited. What result were given by JSTOR were either the same articles from preview’s searchers or topics on tankers or tanks from different time periods. Attempted searches by narrowing the time period between 1939 and1945 yield no results. Using Boolean and narrowing tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank) and tank warfare* AND world war ii gave me a few articles to work with.

Google Scholar

As one of websites that features a number of scholarly journals, articles, and links to books and other resources. This site was chosen for its massive collection. With the search process, I decided to narrow the search by using only Boolean and NL strings. Using a number of strings like light tank warfare, tank evolution, world war II heavy tanks, the advancement of wwii tanks. Helped me locate a book on The British Army and the Theory of Armored Warfare by (Robert H. Larson). Also in the search I learned that a number of these NL string had to be changed to match with the era of WWII. One way to narrow to search was to contain the search between 1939 and 1945. With the Boolean, I focused the vocabulary on just the “Tank” and “world war ii” once more to get better results. I tried using a variety of Boolean like tank warfare* AND world war ii, and tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank), but success was limited as there not that many subjects on tank development. Yet, I did find one that was important called History of the Development and Production of the M48 90mm Gun Tank," by (Rolf Hilmes). Looking through the search the process and using (BT) and (NT) with certain words like (development, light tank, and world war ii) helped with search process more than others. The use of one CV, TANK WARFARE and narrowing the years to WWII also proved beneficial in locating some topics on tanks in WWII.

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Ebrary

This database offers scholarly e-books that can be accessed for free by academic students and researchers. Unlike JSTOR, Ebrary offers a large number of subjects for searching. Using Ebrary simple and one of the reason why chose it, user can do a search and whenever they have they can narrow the subject down, they can use a number of drop boxes that appear below search bar and above the results. Certain results give users access to books, these books can be read from start to finish. Utilizing the search bar, I found that with my most complex Booleans yielded no results. Evaluating my search strategy, the use of CV yielded the best results with TANK WARFARE. Some interesting results included the book Colonel in the Armored Divisions: A Memoir, 1941-1945, and Tank Driver.

Proquest With ProQuest, the database provides researchers with the means to search across 30 different types of additional databases. Available to users are newspapers, articles, scholarly journals, datasets, history papers, and e-books. Utilizing ProQuest advance search is easy. Searches can be carried out using the extensive “options,” that include source type, document type, language, peer review, and full text. For users wishing to use ProQuest, some of the best search strings involved Boolean. Using FT, FT: tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank), and using a “wide search” by selecting “select all” on the “document type” will help yield a large number of books and articles on tank development. Example would be The M4 Sherman Tank and American Armored Development during World War II by (Phillip D. Clark) and Armor during WWII: The Defeat of the Superior Panther by (John Michael Muller). The same search was process with tanks AND wwii also yielded similar results. NL strings like FT: light tank in world war II also yielded results. I would advise not to use CV as there were no results listed from such searches. Project Muse The database Project Muse, offers only scholarly journals published by universities. One of the reason this site was utilized in the bibliography was my desire to see if I could find new materials. It should be noted that Project Muse does offer advance search, but not as developed as other sites. Users are able use content, the title, author, and publisher. Adding advance search allows a user to utilize more research areas and categories. Having used Project Muse before, I found the site to have a large amount if reviews on books, and articles. For users wanting to use Project Muse in locating resources on tank development, I would advise that Boolean operators do not work in Project Muse. Rather the most effective search strategy would be to use CV, TANK WARFARE, TANK (MILITARY SERVICE) and TANK TACTICS. That, and NL strings like world war ii heavy tanks and light tank in world war ii, are effective in finding resources for tanks in WWII. Some of best resources I found

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where “On Armor (review)” by (John Daley) and “Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Batallions in World War II (review), “by (Timothy Moy). Most of the source I found contained reviews of certain books or articles relating to the tank in WWII. Choosing reviews was based on my idea that users would want to have a quick overview of their resource. Since Project Muse is based on providing reviews with articles, journals, and books. I thought that using such materials would make it easier for users to choose what they want. Reviews, as I’ve found,out have been important in helping me decide what book or article should be used for research.

Ulrich's Web The database Ulrich's Web was new to me thus I decided to give it a test in looking for materials on Tanks in World War II. Containing over 300,000 periodicals, the site offers users a wide range of materials. The can include, newspapers, articles, e-journals, newsletters, magazines and scholarly journals. With the search bar, Ulrich's Web offers a diverse number of subjects like “circulation type,” “publisher city,” “online provider,” “start year,” “frequency” and more. Searches can also be narrowed down by using “statues,” “serial type,” “content type,” and “Language.” Using this database, I was surprised to find little on the development of tanks in WWII. Attempted search with the CV like TANK TACTICS, TANK WARFARE, and TANK INDUSTRY yielded no resources beyond modern sources on today armored Tanks. Attempts in using Boolean tank warfare* AND world war II with truncation only yielded limited results. The same can be said of the NL strings light tank in World war II and world war II heavy tanks which were used in the pass to locate subtopics. Use of (K) keyword searches, (CT) content type, and (KF) key feature did not change the results. Thus, I had to limit my hope in finding any good materials on tank development in Ulrich's Web.

USA.Gov The USA.Gov focuses only on the information pertaining to the Unites States Government. I have found when using this site that information pertaining to WWII can be accessed because of United States involvement in the war. When doing a search all my result came as links to different websites like archives.gov and abmc.gov. Unfortunately, with the search bar offered by USA.Gov there are no terms/subjects, rather only the link “Only USA.Gov” is offered. Another problem I ran into is the number of results, USA.Gov does not offer results like other sites, and thus, I limit my searches at times because I could not find how many result there where. The CV terms that were most effective were TANK WARFARE and TANKS. Now when using the CV only 1 or 3 results were yielded, this happened because limiting the search to USA.Gov only. With NL string, I focused them on the subtopics of light and heavy tanks. Not limiting the search to USA.Gov but “All Government sites” I was given more results. Some of the results from the NL string, light tanks in wwii and heavy tanks in wwii were really good, one of which contained a PDF on tank developmental in the United States. Use of Boolean operator tank OR light tank OR heavy tank and tanks AND wwii also proved affective, but since I added the search

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under only USA.Gov, results were 1 of each. For results they each linked to web page of USA.Gov called “U.S. History and Historical Documents | USA.gov.” This was a history webpage, when scrolling down there is military history link that cover all military hardware including tanks.

YouTube The reason YouTube was chosen as a web resource was based on popularity and the number free video and documentaries that it offers. With my search in YouTube, the first area’s covered were the CV, TANK WARFARE, and, TANK (MILITARY SCIENCE), ARMORED CAVALRY. Results yielded were in the thousands, its advised when using YouTube to narrow the search by adding key words as some results can number in the hundreds of thousands. YouTube does offer a filter that allows for sorting by year, type, and format. With most of my searchers the ones that yielded the most results were Boolean strings like tank warfare* AND world war ii and tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank). To define my search and focus more on WWII materials, I added a number of search terms in Boolean. Using YouTube, I’ve discovered that using certain terms will offer greater results in the first search. For instance, when using the NL string world war ii heavy tanks, yielded was a number of documentaries and short videos on specially designed heavy tanks. This made it easy to locate materials on light tanks. Adding the terms “light tank” and “heavy tank” brought about more videos centered on these tank variants. Utilizing certain terms also helped locate certain channels like Documentary Tube, which hosted a number of videos of WWII tanks and variations used thought out the war.

Bing With utilizing Bing to locate materials on Tanks in WWII, it was surprising that the web source had a lot of results on tanks in WWII. With the search there was no “advance search” or other search features to narrow search results. I would advise that when using Bing, use (CV) as will help in narrowing the search. For most of my searches, I focused on “tank development” and “warfare”. I found the CV, TANK WARFARE to be useful in locating history websites. One cite, Armored warfare, gave a brief over view of the war in Europe and the tank design being used. Other search terms used, included the Boolean operator heavy tank AND world war II AND development and light tank AND world war II AND development. The way these Boolean operators were composed was based on focusing on the sub-topics light tank and heavy tank. This and adding the word “development” made it easier to locate sources like using the NL string tank development in WWII yielded some results, though I would add that these result were the same as previews searches because of the use of the term “development.”

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Conclusion The deployment of technology during war has been something that has fascinated me throughout my studies of history. To say I have a better understanding of how war has changed the weaponry that society has unitized would not be correct. There are still questions as to why some weapons of World War II were created. Because my topic focused on tanks of WWII, the premise taking place in Europe made it easy to locate materials on the subject. Plus, if one was to take into account how far reaching WWII was and its popularity among writers and readers, it safe to say that finding subject matter on the topic was simple. Voyager, EBSCO, and EBRARY, were some of the sites utilized to great effect in locating tank materials. Even the USA.Gov had materials on tank development which was surprising, since the government site was only focused on government agencies. I have to say when completing this Bibliographic project, it did challenge me look into sites that I’ve never used before. With the use of (CV) and natural language, I remember one of reading talk about Synonymy. Working on this project I had to use different terms, but at the same time the term “armored warfare,” and “tank” were both one in the same. Richard E. Rubin added “organizers of information must select and consistently apply the same term so that people can retrieve information effectively.”1 When handling military terms, the synonymy was in use. Now when using (CV) TANK WARFARE in comparison with an NL string like tank development in WWII. Never was the yield the same subject headings on military weaponry the best strategy in locating Tank development is to (NT) narrow the term by using certain words. World War II is a popular subject and that can be problem for users looking for information. Looking for military Tank information, I devised and focused on my wording on subjects of “light tank,” “heavy tank,” and “development” within scope of World War II. This allowed me to locate books and articles on the subject. Considering what was accomplished in the bibliographic report, if I had the chance to redo this project, I would have liked to have added resources like museum websites and war memorials. Plus, using more Boolean operators and NL string would have proven better to widen my search for more resources. When looking at this project in relation to my goal in becoming an academic librarian, it seems that I have still not utilized the search strategy affectively. Too much time was used to locate the right resources. In the world of reference librarian’s time is important to a patron and as a reference librarian I “must be effective in identifying the patrons’ information needs and must do so in a manner that keeps patrons at ease.”2 Focusing on locating sources faster would have been something I’d liked to have accomplish.

1 Richard E. Rubin, Foundation of Library and Information Science, (New York: Neal-Schuman Publisher Inc, 2010.), 133. 2 Kay Ann Cassel and Uma Hiremath, Reference and Information Services: An Introduction. (Chicago: Neal-Schuman, 2013): 27.

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Bibliography

Academic Search Complete (formerly Academic Search Premier) http://micro189.lib3.hawaii.edu/ezproxy/details.php?dbId=2323. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/. Bradford, George. German Late War Armored Fighting Vehicles. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2007. (Access to full text for all UH faculty, students, and staff)

Cameron, Robert S. Mobility, Shock, and Firepower: The Emergence of the U.S. Army's Armor Branch, 1917-1945. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. 2008. (Call #: D 114.19:M 71)

Cassell, Kay Ann, and Uma Hiremath. Reference and Information Services: An Introduction. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, 2013.

Clark, Phillip D. "Armor during WWII: The Defeat of the Superior Panther." The University of Texas - Pan American, 2009. http://eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/305182742?accountid=27140.

Command, Ordnance Tank-Automotive. "A History of the Development and Production of the

M48 90mm Gun Tank." Rolf Hilmes, Main Battle Tanks: Developments in Design since (1945): 11.

Demers, Daniel J. "Monsters of Metal: The Evolution of the Tank." Army Magazine 65, no. 12 (2015): 22-24. Eckel, Edward J. "Fostering Self-Regulated Learning at the Reference Desk." Reference & User Services Quarterly 47, no. 1 (2007): 16-20.

Gander, Terry, and Peter Chamberlain. American tanks of World War 2. Cambridge: Stephens, 1977.

Gadney, Max. "The Fearsome, Flawed Tiger I." World War II 23, no. 3 (2008): 68-69.

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Google Scholar. https://scholar.google.com/.

Harris, David Joe. "The Influence of Captured Armor on the German Military of World War II." California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2002.

Hartman, J. Ted. Tank Driver. Bloomington, IN, US: Indiana University Press, 2003.

John Daley. "On Armor (review)." The Journal of Military History 70, no. 2 (2006): 555-557.

Larson, Robert H. The British Army and the Theory of Armored Warfare, 1918-1940. University of Delaware Press, 1984.

Rubin, Richard E. Foundation of Library and Information Science. New York: Neal-Schuman Publisher, Inc. 2010.

“More New Tanks”. The Science News-Letter 46, No. 11 (1944), 164-165.

Milsom, John, and Steve Zaloga. Russian tanks of World War 2. Cambridge: England, 1977.

Muller, John Michael. "Ronsons, Zippos, Brew-Ups, and Tommycookers: The M4 Sherman Tank and American Armored Development during World War II." The University of Texas at Arlington, 2012.

Miskimon, Christopher. "Arsenal." Vietnam 19, no. 1 (2006): 14-56.

ProQuest. http://search.proquest.com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/index?accountid=27140.

Project Muse. http://muse.jhu.edu.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/.

Orgill, Douglas, T-34: Russian Armour. London: Macdonald, 1971. (Call #:UG446.5 .O72 1971)

Steiger, Rudolf. Armour tactics in the Second World War: Panzer army campaigns of 1939-41 in German war diaries. New York: Berg. 1991.

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Triplet, William S. Colonel in the Armored Divisions: A Memoir, 1941-1945. Columbia, US: University of Missouri Press, 2001. Timothy Moy. "Fast Tanks and Heavy Bombers: Innovation and the U.S. Army, 1917-1945 (review)."Technology and Culture 47, no. 1 (2006): 242-244.

“Tiger Tank: build the model and discover the history of tanks.” Hachette Partworks Ltd. 2010. http://www.ww2tigertank.com/. “The German War Files Panzer I & II Germany's WWII Light Tanks.” YouTube video, 1:01:17,

posted by “BlueCrystalGem,” Jan 20, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxfXNPV57oE.

“The German War Files Tiger Germany's WWII Heavy Tank Panzer VI.” YouTube video, 55:41, posted by “BlueCrystalGem.” Jan 20, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyOoexwbfY4.

WorldCat. https://www.worldcat.org/. Villahermosa, Gilberto. "A Tank for the Airborne." World War II 19, no. 5 (2004): 62-64.

Volz, Arthur G. "A Soviet Estimate of German Tank Production." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 21, no. 3 (2008): 588-590. Vigman, Fred K. “Eclipse of the Tank”. Military Affairs 8 (2): 1944: 101–8.

Zaloga, S.."Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Batallions in World War II (review)." The Journal of Military History 68.4 (2004): 1283-1284.

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Appendix I – Annotated Bibliography

Main Topic: Tank Development of WWII

Cameron, Robert S. Mobility, Shock, and Firepower: The Emergence of the U.S. Army's Armor Branch, 1917-1945. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. 2008. (Call #: D 114.19:M 71)

Robert S. Cameron book focuses on the scenarios and events that led to development of the Tank in World War II. While the focus is only on the United States, the development of the tank was a worldwide event. Many of the chapters go deep with armor development, the change in American principles, and doctrine of warfare. The book also goes into detail about the creation of an armored structure and military doctrine. Readers of this book will understand in the end how the United States developed its own tanks and how they were fielded in combat. With many nations fielding their tank doctrines and designs it best to learn how the U.S. influence tank development before and during WWII.

Orgill, Douglas, T-34: Russian Armour. London: Macdonald, 1971. (Call #:UG446.5 .O72 1971)

What may seem as simple book holds an important piece of information on tank development. Armor has always been tanks best friend. This book covers one of most successful tanks ever created in World War II the T-34. With illustrations, design plans, and portraits, the book acts as a bibliography. While there is information on the development of the T-34 their also details about Russian tank doctrine for both armor and mechanized warfare. Other tanks are also mentioned and the author makes sure to describe the success of different tank design before the war.

Steiger, Rudolf. Armour tactics in the Second World War: Panzer army campaigns of 1939-41 in German war diaries. New York: Berg. 1991. World Cat

The book written by a former Swiss Armored Corp Officer, focuses on the deployment of the German Panzer Corp throughout the early years of the war. Using primary documents and diaries from commanders. Readers will learn how the tank in WWII developed not only in armor design but also tactics. Files on these tank tactics are taken from Commander Guderian who is considered by many to be the father German tank armor tactics during WWII. If a reader wishes to learn more about tank development then just design evolution, then this is the book to read.

Bradford, George. German Late War Armored Fighting Vehicles. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2007. (Access to full text for all UH faculty, students, and staff ) Different from other books, this book focuses on late war development of German armor. As the war drew to a close German developed even more advance heavy tanks to halt the progress of the allied forces. The book is filled with scale drawings of different models of tanks, from the

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infamous Tiger I and II, to the Jager Elephant. Illustrated drawings are on every page, with detailed descriptions on the design elements of the tank or vehicle. Scale, models, and diagrams are also used to show the components of tanks. If a reader would like know how tanks evolved during WWII this would be the book look at.

Sub Topic 1: Light Tank

“The German War Files Panzer I & II Germany's WWII Light Tanks.” YouTube video, 1:01:17, posted by “BlueCrystalGem,” Jan 20, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxfXNPV57oE.

This video documentary showcases the deployment of some of the most recognizable light tanks of Germany. The documentary is really old and colored black and white much like the old style World War II footage. Narrated with orchestrated music, the video dwells on Germany light tanks the Panzer I and II and how they were deployed. Because these tanks were light tanks they became infamous for the German tactic of blitzkrieg. Throughout the video images are shown of this tactic and how light tanks from their counterpart the heavy tank was deployed differently throughout the battlefield.

Villahermosa, Gilberto. "A Tank for the Airborne." World War II 19, no. 5 (September 2004): 62-64. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost.

This article focuses on an interest take on the light tank development during WWII. The focus is on the development of light tanks that could fly. Designs are talked about in this article as is the development process done by different nations. It is an interesting article and one that takes steps to tell readers about the allied nations tank production and the need to find tanks to help airborne infantry. Detailed numbers are given as well as size and dimensions of light tanks that were development fly or glide. As the article progresses it also mentions the campaigns that utilized flying light tanks or tried to help with infantry support.

Sub Topic 2: Heavy Tank

“The German War Files Tiger Germany's WWII Heavy Tank Panzer VI.” YouTube video, 55:41, posted by “BlueCrystalGem.” Jan 20, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyOoexwbfY4. Another old documentary on tank warfare in WWII. This video focuses on the advancement of the heavy tank design from Germany. As Germany was the main producer of heavy armor designs such as the feared Tiger. The video goes into detail about the development process the tiger tank went through. Pictures taken during the war and the phases of production are explained in a narrative fashion. Throughout the video, the speaker guides the viewer though the process of development as well the effects the tank had on the battlefield. For anyone wanting to learn more about heavy tank concepts in WWII this would be the video to watch.

Zachary Everett

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Clark, Phillip D. "Armor during WWII: The Defeat of the Superior Panther." The University of Texas - Pan American, 2009. http://eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/305182742?accountid=27140.

With this article, the focus deals with the introduction of a 45 ton German tank called the Panther and the attempt by the Allies to defeat it in combat. Writer Phillip D. Clark makes it clear that creating this article was based on demonstrating superiority of the panther tank against allied tanks. Including how the development capabilities and characteristics, by far the most important aspect of this article is the comparisons of this heavy tank with the allied counterparts. Using factual data points, this article gives the reader a chance to understand the superior design of heavy tank in relation to other tank designs and forms. If one wanted to understand why nations built heavy tank over 45 to 70 tons this article will tell them why. Though, this is about the defeat of Panther, how it was accomplished shows how far heavy tank development had come in WWII.

Zachary Everett

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Appendix II – Search Terms Relevancy Chart

HR = Highly Relevant U = Useful NR = Not Relevant

SK = Subject Keyword CT= Content Type KA= Keyword Anywhere KF= Key Feature SU= Subject Heading KW= Keyword Search TX= All Text FT= Full Text TI= Title Search AB= Abstract CA= Caption TE= Text CO= Content K=Keyword Matrixes UH Voyager

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

SK: TANK 247 U SK: TANK INDUSTRY 4 NR SK: MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE 16 NR KA: tank warfare* AND world war II 36 U SK: tanks AND wwii 0 N/A SK: TANK WARFARE 89 U SK: light tank AND world war ii AND development 0 N/A TK: (world war ii AND heavy tank) 0 N/A/ KA: tank evolution 38 HR KA: tanks in world war ii 60 HR KA: light tanks 36 U

Zachary Everett

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WorldCat

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

KW: tanks in world war 2 1,576 HR KW: tank warfare AND world war 2 2,112 HR SU: light tank AND world war II AND development 0 N/A KW: ARMORED CAVALRY 246 U KW: the advancement of wwii tanks 143 NR KW: tanks AND wwii 1,110 HR SU: TANK WARFARE 313 HR

EBSCO: Host Academic Search

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

SU: tank AND development* 0 N/A SU: TANK 11 HR SU: TANK INDUSTRY 25 NR SU: MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE 0 N/A TX: tank warfare* AND world war ii 297 HR SU: tanks AND WWII 4 U SU: ANTITANK WARFARE 0 N/A SU: TANK WARFARE 0 N/A SU: tank OR light tank OR heavy tank 11 HR TX: world war II heavy tanks 9 HR TX: light tank in world war ii 9 HR

JSTOR

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

FT: light tank in world war ii 222 HR TI: world war II heavy tanks 172 U AB: TANK WARFARE 1 NR TI: tank AND light tank* NOT (heavy tank) 4 NR FT: TANK INDUSTRY 616 NR FT: ANTITANK WARFARE 3 U CA: tank development in wwii 87 NR

Zachary Everett

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AB: MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE 2 NR FT: the advancement of wwii tanks 640 HR FT: tank warfare* AND world war i 353 U FT: tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank) 2,450 HR

Google Scholar

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

FT: light tank warfare 479 HR FT: tank evolution 979 NR FT: the advancement of wwii tanks 12 NR FT: TANK WARFARE 15,100 HR FT: world war II heavy tanks 1,040 U FT: tank “development” 5,690 U FT: tank AND (world war II AND light tank OR heavy tank) 1,480 NR FT: tank warfare* AND world war ii 601 U FT: tanks AND wwii 17 NR

Ebrary

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

SU: TANK WARFARE 6 HR SU: TANK INDUSTRY 0 N/A SU: light tank AND world war ii AND development 0 N/A TE: tanks in world war ii 145 U TE: Tank (Military Science) 20,513 U SU: tank warfare* AND world war ii 22 U TE: ARMORED CAVALRY 2,106 NR

Proquest

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

PR: TANK WARFARE 0 N/A FT: tank AND (world war II AND light tank OR heavy tank) 246,061 HR FT (light tank) AND (world war 2 OR development) 3 NR

Zachary Everett

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FT: tanks AND wwii 12,358 U FT: (tank development) AND (world war 2) 16 NR TI: world war II heavy tanks 0 N/A FT: light tank in world war ii 4,313 U AB: ARMORED CAVALRY 4 NR

Project Muse

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

CO: TANK WARFARE 2,105 HR TI: TANK (MILITARY SERVICE) 0 N/A CO: TANK TACTICS 575 HR CO: world war II heavy tanks 519 U CO: light tank in world war II 785 U CO: tanks AND wwii 0 N/A CO: light tank AND world war II AND development 0 N/A CO: tank warfare* AND world war II 0 N/A

Ulrich's Web

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

K: TANK TACTICS 0 NR K: TANK WARFARE 230 NR K: TANK INDUSTRY 10,913 NR KF: tank warfare* AND world war ii 8,934 U CT: tanks AND wwii 0 N/A K: light tank AND world war II AND development 4,172 U K: tank development in wwii 38,291 NR K: world war II heavy tanks 9,254 U K: light tank in world war ii 42,630 U K: world war ii AND tanks 0 N/A

USA.Gov

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

TANK WARFARE 1 HR TANK INDUSTRY 2 NR

Zachary Everett

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ANTITANK WARFARE 20 NR TANK INDUSTRY 2 NR TANKS 3 U light tanks in wwii 100 HR heavy tanks in wwii 20 HR (world war II AND heavy tank) 0 N/A tank OR light tank OR heavy tank 1 U tanks AND wwii 1 U

YouTubeSearch Terms Items

Retrieved Relevance

TANK WARFARE 506,000 HR ARMORED CAVALRY 17,300 U TANK (MILITARY SCIENCE) 25,400 U tank warfare* AND world war ii 203,000 HR tank AND (world war II AND light tank OR heavy tank) 55,200 HR world war II heavy tanks 76,000 HR light tank in world war ii 57,900 HR

Bing

Search Terms Items Retrieved

Relevance

TANK WARFARE 14,100,000 U heavy tank AND world war II AND development 5,260,000 HR light tank AND world war II AND development 5,330,000 HR tank development in wwii 56,700,000 U tank warfare* AND world war ii 65,300,000 NR world war II heavy tanks 2,100,000 U