Tandem-L: A Mission Proposal for Monitoring Dynamic Earth ...Microsoft PowerPoint -...
Transcript of Tandem-L: A Mission Proposal for Monitoring Dynamic Earth ...Microsoft PowerPoint -...
Tandem-L: A Mission Proposal for MonitoringDynamic Earth Processes
A. Moreira, G. Krieger, M. Younis, I. Hajnsek , K. Papathanassiou, M. Eineder, P. Dekker, F. De Zan
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Ocean Currents*
Soil Moisture*
Sea Ice Extent*
Forest Biomasse Change*
Deforestation, Degradation, Fires* (REDD)
Glacier & Ice Cap Dynamics*
Volcanic ActivitiesEarthquakes
Permafrost*
Land Slides
Flooding
Biodiversity
Dynamic Processes on the Earth Surface
*) Essential ClimateVariables
The terrestrial carbon is the greatest unknown in the carbon cycle
Carbon Balance and Vegetation
Fossil fuels
Ocean sink
Unknown terrestrial
sink
Carbon accumulation in the atmosphere
3.2 ± 0.1
6.4 ± 0.4
Land use change
1.6 ± 1.1
2.2 ± 0.4
2.6 ± 1.7Numbers in Billions of Tons – Carbon / Year (IPCC)
=ΣSi
nkSo
urce
s
Forest and CarbonBiomass and the spatial distribution of carbon
(50% of the biomass is Carbon)
Amazon basin
… the estimation ranges from 39 to 93 GtC
Global biomass distribution Global biomass distribution and its dynamic are widely and its dynamic are widely unknown!unknown!
3-D Structure ModePolarimetric SAR Polarimetric SAR
InterferometryInterferometry((PolPol--InSARInSAR))
Forest height and BiomassForest height and Biomass
Polarimetric BackscatteringPolarimetric Backscattering
33--D Forest StructureD Forest Structure
TomographyTomography
Forest Height (in Situ) [m]
Pol
Pol -- I
nSA
R F
ores
t Hei
ght [
m]
InSA
R F
ores
t Hei
ght [
m]
Forest Height Estimation (3D Structure Mode)
Elevation Model
Traunstein Test Site
2003 Oct.
50
40
30
20
10
0m
Forest type Temperate Topography Moderate slopesHeight 25 ~ 35mSpecies N. Spruce, E. Beech, White Fir
Biomass 40 ~ 450 t/ha
Pol-InSAR Forest HeightHV Amplitude Image
2008 June
Traunstein Test Site
2003 Oct.
50
40
30
20
10
0m
Biomass Estimation from Height + Structure
CombinationCombinationof Multipleof Multiple
SingleSingle--PassPassInterferogramsInterferograms
pass 2
)z(f
Profile Decomposition (Series Expansion)
Example (Testsite Bayerischer Wald)
pass 1
VU 10 > Autor NameVU 10 > Autor Name
Structure - Biomass Allometry
Ebersberger Forst Bürgerwald TraunsteinNationalpark Bayrischer Wald
aa11 aa22 aa33
Three Legendre polynomials explain the 92% of the total biomass !!!
= =
=H
0i
3
1jjj Pa11.3B
Ocean Currents*
Soil Moisture*
Sea Ice Extent*
Forest Biomasse Change*
Deforestation, Degradation, Fires* (REDD)
Glacier & Ice Cap Dynamics*
Volcanic ActivitiesEarthquakes
Permafrost*
Land Slides
Flooding
Biodiversity
Dynamic Processes on the Earth Surface
*) Essential ClimateVariables
EarthquakesEarthquakes
systematic multi-temporal acquisitions (image stacks)
Deformation Mode
λ/2 ≈ 12 cm
VolcanoesVolcanoes
SubsidenceSubsidence Land & Sea IceLand & Sea Ice
measurement of deformations of mm – cm
CryosphereCryosphere: : IceIce Motion and Motion and TopographyTopography of of GlaciersGlaciers
ICESAT
CryoSAT-2
15 km track-distance at equator
15 km x 250 mspatial resolution
TanDEM-X
GRACE
> 200 kmspatial resolution
1 year for global coverage
Tandem-L
3 – 10 m resolutionweekly coverage
Tandem-L provides unique &complementary information:
• 3D Ice flow• Ice Structure• DEM• weekly coverage, high resolution Courtesy: Ian Joughin
0
10
20
30
40
50
[vol.%]
SMOS SMAP
Tandem-L provides unique &complementary information:
• soil moisture• water level changes• river & ocean currents• weekly coverage & high resolution
35 km resolution 10-40 km resolution
HydrosphereHydrosphere: : SoilSoil MoistureMoisture
Tandem-L
3 – 10 m resolutionweekly coverage
Mission Concept
ReflectorReflector withwith Analog Analog BeamformingBeamformingPlanarPlanar Array Array withwith Digital Digital BeamformingBeamforming
…at start of DLR/JPL collaborationRadar System Concepts
digital feeddigital feedarray witharray with
T/R modulesT/R modules
Digital Beamforming with Reflector Antennas
digital feeddigital feedarray witharray with
T/R modulesT/R modules
Digital Beamforming with Reflector Antennas
Digital Beamforming with Reflector Antennas
yearly20 - 50 mDigital Terrain and surface modelGlobal
weeklyOcean Currents
seasonalIce structure Change
seasonalSnow water equivalent
on demand
Water level change
weeklySoil moisture
weekly
50 - 500 m
Glacier flow
Cryo- &Hydrosphere
Deformation
Landslides
Volcanoesweekly5 - 100 m
Plate tectonics
Geo-/Lithosphere
Vertical forest structure
Above ground biomass16 days -seasonal
20 - 50 m
Forest height
Biosphere
RevisitResolutionTandem-L Science Products
TandemTandem--L: A proposal for a radar mission for L: A proposal for a radar mission for environmental and climate change researchenvironmental and climate change research
Dynamic Earth Monitoring and Climate Change