Tamna Materija u Svemiru Dr.sc. Arnold Hanslmeier

8/9/2019 Tamna Materija u Svemiru Dr.sc. Arnold Hanslmeier

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[email protected]


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The Universe

What do we know about it age: 14.6 billion years

Evolved from ig ang !hemi!al !om"osition

#tru!tures in the universe gala$y !lusters gala$ies

voids


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Separation of forces

gravity

strong for!e

weak for!e


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what causes interaction?

gravity

ele!tromagnetism

weak for!e

strong for!e


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Some particle physics

Baryons: !om"osed of three %uarks

Mesons: !om"osed of one %uark and oneanti%uark

aryons and mesons: hadrons &adrons are !om"osed of %uarksstrong

intera!tion Leptons: no %uarks' no strong intera!tion

"roton( the only long living hadron' t)1*+1s(measure for " de!ay) test for ,


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Higgs particle, higgs

field mass)intera!tion of a "arti!le

/n em"ty s"a!e' the &iggs 0eld has an

am"litude dierent from zero( i.e.' anon-zero va!uum e$"e!tation value.

he e$isten!e of this non-zerova!uum e$"e!tation "lays a

fundamental role: it gives mass toevery elementary "arti!le whi!h hasmass' in!luding the &iggs boson itself.


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,ala$ies2lusters

wha

t!aus

esstru!

ture

inthe

univ

erse

3


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Das galaktische Zentrum


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La voie lactee


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The solar neighorhood


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,ala$is

**-4** 1*5#terneur!hm.: 1** *** 789otation: rt der #onneetwa ** ;ill


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Determination of themass of a gala!y

2

2

r

MmG

r

vm =

,ala!ti! !enter

#tar

attra!tion!entrigual for!e


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#alactic rotation curve

v ?9


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$epler


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%otation of a gala!y

9otation !urve of A,2 +15=

merde


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,ravity lensing


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2om"osite image of the ullet !luster showsdistribution of ordinary matter' inferred from B-ray emissions' in red and total mass' inferredfrom gravitational lensing' in blue.


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properties of dark

matter undete!table by radiation dete!table only by gravitation

rotation of gala$ies orbital velo!ities of gala$ies in !luster of

gala$ies

gravitational lensing

tem"erature distribution of hot gas ingala$ies and !lusters of gala$ies


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what is dark matter made

of ma8ority: non baryoni! non baryoni! matter

neutrinos a$ions

su"ersymmetri! "arti!les

does not !ontribute to the formation of

elements in the !osmos


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&eutralinos

big bang: neutralino halos

mass of Earth' size e%ual to the solar

system !an be dete!ted:

disturb ort !loud !ometary showers

"rodu!e gamma ray bursts when!olliding

more "robable near gala!ti! !enter


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aryonic matter

!om"osed of baryons "rotons neutrons

!andidates for baryoni! dark matter ;C2&s: massive astro"nomi!al

!om"a!t halo ob8e!ts

brown dwarfs ?;D*.*= ;#un amount !an be !al!ulated from

big bang nu!elosynthesis

!osmi! mi!rowave ba!kground


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'()H*S

ete!t: gravity bends light

;C2& may be dete!ted if it "ass in

front of a star or nearby a star(

brightening of the star

!andidates for ;C2 bla!k holes

neutron stars

bla!k dwarfs


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+'-S weakly interactingmassive particles

intera!t through weak for!e andgravity

do not intera!t throughele!tromagnetism

large mass' slow moving' !old"arti!les

!ould intera!t with the #un' "rodu!ehigh energy neutrinos


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)D'S cryogenic dark mattersearch


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%('.*s Robust associations ofmassive baryonic objects

dark !luster made of white dwarfs

brown dwarfs

radii: 1 "! > 1 "!


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supersymmetry, susy

/n "arti!le "hysi!s' supersymmetry?often abbreviated SUSY is a symmetrythat relates elementary "arti!les of one

s"in to other "arti!les that dier by half aunit of s"in and are known assu"er"artners.

/n a theory with unbroken

su"ersymmetry' for every ty"e of bosonthere e$ists a !orres"onding ty"e offermion with the same mass and internal%uantum numbers' and vi!e-versa.


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/ )D' 'odel of )osmology

F !osmologi!al !onstant asso!iatedwith a va!uum energy or dark energy e$"lains the !urrent a!!elerating e$"ansion

of s"a!e against the attra!tive ?!olla"singeffe!ts of gravity. GF' whi!h is inter"reted

as the fra!tion of the total mass-energy

density of a Hat universe that is attributed

to dark energy. 2urrently' about I4J of the energy density

of the "resent universe is estimated to be

dark energy.


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/ )D' 'odel of )osmology

2; !old dark matter dark matter is des!ribed as

!old ?non relativisti! !ollisionless ?only gravity for!es

J of the mass-energy density of theuniverse


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%uantum !hromodynami!s des!ribes strong intera

Tamna Materija u Svemiru Dr.sc. Arnold Hanslmeier

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