TAMIL NADU FLOOD- 2015 Joint Detailed Need · PDF fileTAMIL NADU FLOOD- 2015 Joint Detailed...

TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16

TAMIL NADU FLOOD- 2015

Joint Detailed Need Assessment Report- District Level

Shelter, Food, Nutrition & Livelihood and WASH

This report contains the compilation of the JDNA Actions post floods in the state of Tamilnadu, India

in the aftermath of the incessant rains and the subsequent embankment breaches which caused

massive floods in first week of December 2015 affecting entire Chennai City, many parts of District

Cuddalore, Kancheepuram and Vilupuram and Thiruvalur.


A. District Level- JDNA

1. Executive Summary

2. Background

3. Relief Measures GO & NGO

4. Recommendations from JRNA

5. Field Assessment

6 Sector wise finding & needs emerging

6.1 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

6.2 Shelter

6.3 Food, Nutrition & Livelihood

7. Recommendation on Long Term Recovery Needs……

7.1 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) ………………………

7.2 Shelter ……………………………..............................

7.3 Food, Nutrition & Livelihood ……

8. Assessment Methodology: ………………………..

8.1 Methodology: Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.2 Tools Formation

8.3 Training on JDNA Tools

8.4 Field Assessment

9. Annexures: .......................................................................................................

9.1 HH Assessment Tool for WASH, Shelter, Food, Nutrition, Livelihood

9.2 FGD Checklist- WASH, Shelter, Food, Nutrition, Livelihood &

Education

9.3 Assessment Area

9.4 Photographs from the Field:

9.5 Contacts of the Key stakeholders:

9.6 Secondary data- demographic


Timeline:

Activity Timeline

Team Training at

District level 11

th January morning

Data Collection 11th January afternoon- 23th January

Data Compilation 23th January & 26th January

Data Analysis 27th- 10th

February

Draft report 11th

February

Final report 12th

February


1. Executive Summary

Heavy rain over the past four weeks has caused severe flooding in Tamil Nadu and Andhra

Pradesh. A deep tropical depression came through the Bay of Bengal and hit the south-eastern

coast of India and Sri Lanka on 10-11 November 2015, causing heavy rain. Heavy rain resumed

during Nov 16-19, with 30-37 cm of rain accumulating over the 9-day period. After pausing for

several days, heavy rains have resumed

in early December and in some locations

rain is projected to continue until 8-10

December. Chennai received over 33 cm

of rain in a 24-hour period from

December 1-2, causing widespread

flooding and damage. In Tamil Nadu,

Chennai city, Cuddalore, Kanchipuram,

and Tiruvallur districts are worst

affected. Reports are estimating 347

people have lost their lives in Tamil

Nadu which can be more.

The Government of India has declared

Chennai a National Disaster zone, and

National Disaster Response Force

carried out rescue operations in the city.

Severe flooding on December 2 and 3 wreaked havoc, with large parts of the city under water.

The rains and subsequent overflow of the Adyar River and Cooum River had caused severe

flooding and extensive evacuations in Chennai and surrounding areas, as well as significant

damage to homes and surrounding farm fields. Road access had been cut off in several districts,

and the runway at Chennai airport is flooded and had been closed for 3 days. Flooded roads

made difficult to reach affected areas. 432 relief camps have opened in 3 highly affected districts

outside of Chennai city, with approximately 72,000 people evacuated to the camps. The

government has carried out evacuations in some highly affected areas.

2. Background

The low pressure which lay centred over coastal Tamil Nadu unleashed heavy showers on a

continuous spree in Tamil Nadu in this Northeast Monsoon from the first week of November

continues still. So far there has been three spells of intensive rainfall. The first intensive spell of

rainfall was from in 8th

and 9th

November, followed by intensive rains again in 15th

, 16th

and 17th

November. The first spell witnessed intensive flooding in Cuddalore where most of the water

bodies were full and the associated breaching affected the communities life damaging house,


infrastructure etc. Chennai experiences minor flooding during these spell. The second spell saw

Chennai going out of gear as many settlements in Chennai were flooded. The impacts of this

spell stretched beyond Chennai to adjoining district to Chennai namely Kanchepuram and

Tiruvallur, though the impacts in Kanchepuram and Tiruvallur was less comparing to Chennai.

After this spell there were rains in the Southern Tamil Nadu, where Tuticorin District was

affected. The third spell which is going on now is intensive than the first two spells and the

impacts seems to more than the previous one. This time Chennai and any district in the northern

Tamil Nadu are affected namely Kanchepuram, Tiruvallur, Villipuram, Pondicherry and

Cuddalore. The attributing reason for the same has been due to the heavy downpour on one side

and the low level of water abortion capacity in view of the continuous rains since November first

week. The process has completely thrown out the normal life of people in many districts in

Tamil Nadu.

Consistent rainfall between 28-10-2015 to 31-12-2015 has resulted in 470 human loss officially

reported across the state, with displacement of more than four lakh people. There has been severe

damage to farm livelihoods with at least 3.82 lakh hectares of agricultural crops affected across

the State.

Tamilnadu

Chennai Urban was majorly affected.

Apart from this, Worst Affected Districts: Cuddalore, Kancheepuram, Tiruvalur and

Vilupuram

State Highlights: Information received during Coordination Meetings from members;

Total Population of State 72.14 Million

Death Casualties Over 300 people reported died since 8th

November, As on 10th

December

Villupuram- 56

Kanchipuram- 1

Total Population affected in

State

More than 10 Million


Affected Houses More than 25 Lakh

Flood Damages Rs. 8481 Crore

Chennai Urban- Total Population- 4646732

Population affected in Chennai More than 60 Lakh

Houses affected More than 15 Lakh

Thiruvalur District-Total Population- 3728104

Population affected Approx. 1.75 Lakh

Houses Affected More than 51,000

Total no. of HH 946949

Total number of families who

lost their houses (fully

damaged)

6964

Total number of families who‟s

houses are partially damaged

2925

Total number of livestock lost 2218

Crop damaged in Hectors 24870

Land submerged in water in

Hectors

15000

Kancheepuram District:Total Population: 3998252

Affected Population More than 10 lakh

Houses affected More than 1.9 lakh

Cuddalore District: 2605914

Affected Population More than 6 Lakh

Houses affected More than 90,000

GPs affected 500 GPs affected out of Total 600 Gps

Blocks affected 11 Blocks are affected out of 13 blocks


Total no. of Huts 5409

Huts Damage Fully Damage- 837

Partially Damage- 2478

Vilupuram District: Total Population- 3458873

Population affected More than 80,000

Houses affected Approx. 20,000

Blocks Affected 22

Deaths 56

House Damage Fully-971 (as per information received from Local NGO)

Partially- 15204

Cattle Died 2442

Crops damaged in Hectares 3661- Agriculture

1548- Horticulture

Irrigation Tanks Damaged 263

Supply channel damaged 208

Kancheepuram More than 10 Lakh

Chennai witnessed the heaviest rainfall in the last 100 years and this caused massive flooding in

many parts of Chennai resulting in disruption of normal life making many homeless and ending

up with staying in Relief Camps. The total loss of human life reported in Tamil Nadu is 347. A

total of 3888 cattle have lost life in Tamil Nadu. 17.64 lakh people have been rescued and were

put up in relief centers. For those he city of Chennai which hosts a wide gamut of people from

the lower rung to the elite, this floods was a major shock. The flood also witnessed the impacts

of for all types of sects, however the people in the lower rung being the worst affected.

The third spell also had its impacts in Cuddalore which was already in dire straits in view of the

previous two spells the first spell igniting flash floods in many part of Cuddalore and in

particular the led to massive disruption for normal life in settlements in and around the water

bodies the second spell which spread on for 3 – 5 days also increased the plight of the living

conditions of communities in these settlements. The misery of these communities did not stop


and it stretched on till the 3rd

spell in the first week of December. This spell led to the gradual

increase in water in the rivers and water bodies. Though these increase were not as that of the 1st

spell, the process and intensity of the rains a month enhanced the water level in many water

reducing the scope of receding and increasing the water logging and stagnation in many village

particularly in the interior areas. The process also is leading to many issues in WASH, Shelter,

Livelihood etc. as many who are dependent on agriculture are rendered without livelihood.

3. Relief Measures by GO & NGO

GO:

Link for all zonal officers contact details;

https://sphereindiablog.wordpress.com/2015/12/13/list-of-15-zonal-officers-incharge-

chennai-corporation/

Government of Tamil Nadu press release (No. 005, released on 04-01-2016) highlight the

extent of damage due to monsoon flood, relief package as announced by Government of

Tamil Nadu and number of households reached with relief measures.

No Damage

due to flood

Extent of

Damage

Relief

Announced (Rs)

Relief

Amount (Rs)

and Coverage

(No.)

Remarks

1 Loss of

Human life

470 human life 4 lakhs per

family

245 families

covered

SHELTER

1

Shelter

damage -

Loss of hut

4,93,716 huts

completely

damaged;

25,48,152

houses

surrounded by

rainwater for

atleast two days.

Rs 10000 + 10

Kg Rice + I dhoti

and 1 saree per

family

FARMING

1 Paddy and

other

irrigated

crops

3.47 lakh

hectare of

agriculture land

plus 35,471

hectare of

horticulture crop

was damaged.

(Total 3.82 lakh

hectare)

13500 for one

hectare with

damage of 33 per

cent and above

As of 68,350

farmers have

received 29.48

crore relief

amount

deposited

directly in

farmers

Primary

Agriculture

Officials are

advised not

to adjust this

amount

against loans

obtained by

farmers.

2 Rainfed

crops

7410 for one

hectare

3 Long terms

crops /

Orchard

18000

https://sphereindiablog.wordpress.com/2015/12/13/list-of-15-zonal-officers-incharge-chennai-corporation/

https://sphereindiablog.wordpress.com/2015/12/13/list-of-15-zonal-officers-incharge-chennai-corporation/


No Damage

due to flood

Extent of

Damage

Relief

Announced (Rs)

Relief

Amount (Rs)

and Coverage

(No.)

Remarks

Co-operative

Bank account

( PACS)

LIVESTOCK

1 Loss of

milch animal

3785 milch

animal

30000 Assistance of

7.78 crore was

given

2 Loss of Goat 8136 goats 3000

3 Loss of Pig 109 pigs 3000

4 Loss of Hen 85895 hen 100

FISHERIES

1 Completely

damaged

Kattumaram

20 number 32000

12.82 crore

2 Partially

damaged

(Requires

repair)

231 number 10000

3 Completely

damaged

FRP Vallam

65 number Rs 75000 (50 %

subsidy)

4 Partially

damaged

(Requires

repair)

654 number 20000

5 Completely

damaged

Motor Boats

4 numbers Upto 5 lakhs (35

% subsidy)

6 Partially

damaged

(Requires

repair)

42 numbers Upto 3 lakhs (60

% subsidy)

7 Net damage 8106 Numbers 10,000

8 Motor 3047 numbers 5000

9 Fish seed

pond

130.92 hectare

Small and Medium Enterprises

1 Loss of

investment

(Working

capital

invested)

Rs 5000 soft loan

to petty traders,

SMEs


Contribution of Rs.25 crores to the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister‟s Relief Fund, towards the

flood relief operations in Tamil Nadu by UP Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav.

Around 17,16,000 (1.7 million) people had been temporarily housed in 6605 flood relief

camps in Chennai, Cuddalore, Thiruvallur and Kanchipuram Districts. 600 boats had been

mobilized for relief operations. 12.29 million food packets food packets distributed, 26,270

medical camps organized and 2.56 million persons treated in those camps. In addition mobile

medical 97 units were pressed into service through which 49,329 people got benefited.

An immediate relief of Rs. 67.47 crore ( 10 million USD) had been disbursed to 1,11,278

families and a total of 80,120 persons from army, navy, air force, NRDF, fire service, coast

guard, police, municipal workers and other official groups were pressed into service. Chennai

coporation reported that it had received nearly 1.3 million relief material until 6 December

which included 58,156 bedsheets, 7.02 lakh water packets, 33,000 packets of milk powder,

52,000 bread packets, 16000 rice bags, 56000 biscuit packets, 3500 mats and others. In

Chennai city alone over 100,000 tonnes of flood debris and sludge got cleared and the process

is still ongoing. Stagnant water had been pumped from 787 water logged neighbourhoods and

many low lying areas and vacant plots areas still remain inundated with water

Chennai Corporation has earmarked Nehru Stadium as their warehouse to restore all the relief

material and sending to the affected areas.

NDRF has deployed 50 teams consisting 1715 personnals and 194 boats with 94 deep divers.

As on 10th

December, NDRF rescued 22450 people and 10 dead bodies were recovered from

affected areas in Tamilnadu. They have provided food, water, milk, atta, rice, misc food items,

clothing, patient in medical camp and medicine.

NGOs:

The voluntary organizations jumped into rescue and relief operations in Tamilnadu, the social

media like twitter, facebook and whatsapp playing a great role in mobilizing local volunteers

from all over the state towards relief measures. Many locals supported in rescuing people

stranded in flooded houses through boats in Chennai, saving the lives of many. Relief support

also came from neighbouring states like Kerala, Karnataka and Andrapradesh. People where

provided with food, water bottles, bed sheets, pillows, mats, buckets, rice and other groceries,

sanitary napkins, first aid medicines and the relief activities are still in progress.


Relief efforts from the NGOs and

civil society were provided in their

own capacities. For detailed

information about agencies

connected to IAG Tamilnadu and

Sphere India as updated on 22nd

January, please click on following

link;

https://sphereindiablog.wordpress.com/2016/02/10/urs-matrix-tamilnadu-floods-2015-updated-in-22nd-january/

Non farming livelihoods by

Care India:

Tamil Nadu Traders Association highlighted that over one lakh traders (SMEs) have lost

their livelihoods. Several minor industrial units and machineries are affected, it likely to

result in delayed commencement of production. Thousands of workers also gone back to

their native places (mostly migrants from northern India) this could impact production.

Southern India chambers of commerce (SICCI) estimates that the loss of income for

Micro and Small Industries could be over 840 crores every week and Automobile sector

experiencing losses in the range of 1200 to 1500 crore every week.

Responding to the challenge posed by the flood, several humanitarian agencies and

volunteers actively participated in immediate relief activities. CARE was one among

those agencies, who have commenced immediate relief activities. CARE supplied water

and biscuits and supported about 500 households with NFI (Non Food Items) in the first

phase. Subsequently, CARE extended the relief support to another 1145 households with

relief and dignity kit. CARE had undertaken an internal assessment on the impact of

livelihoods due to flood mainly in the affected district with particular focus on WASH,

shelter and livelihoods.






Chennai SOS - Flood Relief Works has been initiated by World Tamil Organisation

(UK) & Abdul Kalam Vision India Movement (UK), to update on the relief updates

and available resources in various areas on following link;

http://www.chennaisos.com/listView.php

4. Recommendations from JRNA

SECTORS IMMEDIATE INTERVENTION

Health

Water quality testing and treatment

Psychosocial Care and support

Action against vector borne diseases

Hygiene promotion in camps as well as behaviours change

communication for hygiene and sanitation

Inclusive Sanitation solutions such as Portable Bio toilets.

Regulation of antibiotic usage in camps

Drug supply – Including critical-For skin ailments, ORS, Zinc, TB,

ART, Ointment for Foot sores/alcers

MISP kits distribution to pregnant women

Food security and

livelihoods

To identify and support the poorest and the most vulnerable families

with supply of dry rations that will cover their food security

requirements for at least three months from now. This will enable them

cope up and return to normalcy gradually

For the poor households living on the river banks in Chennai, support

for purchase of cooking vessels, stove and gas would help them tide

over this situation. However, such families need to be first identified

and extended this support. Direct cash transfers to these families can be

tested.

„Cash for work‟ programs can be initiated in the rural areas that are

severely affected by the floods. Restoration of community

http://www.chennaisos.com/listView.php


infrastructure such as strengthening of bunds in irrigation tanks, ponds

and drainage canals are some of the works that can be initiated.

Support these families for rescheduling of their loans from their SHGs

and other MFIs that are operational in their areas.

Wash &

Sanitation

Provision of individual household water purifications.

Providing the chlorine powder solution and aqua tabs for Water

purification.

Provision of containers for drinking water storage and disinfection.

Temporary/Mobile toilets, Immediate cleaning of septic tanks

Immediate draining of water

Eradication of mosquito larvae using neem oil or other larvicides

Immediate cleaning of solid wasteMapping of Solid Waste

management related issues and linkages with Chennai Corporation.

Portable Drinking water stations/chlorination/flushing of hand pumps/

spot chlorination/boiling water

Sensitization program on Hand Washing with soap.

Shelter

Need for supplementing the compensation offered by the Government,

especially for those who lost their houses fully or partially.

Cash transfers for identified families from the most marginalized

communities, particularly those from the „Dalit‟ communities will

support them rebuild their houses.

This could be further combined with support of building materials

supply and linkages where required.

Support for construction of toilets will help women and children for

improving their health standards and well-being.

Inclusive toilets and temporary shelters for PWD

Linkages for credit for housing can be further more supportive to

these communities.

Education

Schools need to allocate resources, time and space to provide psycho

– social care for children in their premises. This has to be integrated in

regular school hours for a reasonable time period

Distribution of school books, text books, uniform and stationaries in

Urban as well as rural areas.

Schools need to allocate resources, time and space to provide psycho

– social care for children in their premises. This has to be integrated in

regular school hours for a reasonable time period

Training personnel for multi-hazard disaster resistant school planning,

design, monitoring, maintenance, inspection and approval at

community- and all levels of government

Protection Resume the functioning of Anganwadi centre or makeshift centres in

order to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant and lactating mothers

and children below 2 years

Set up child Friendly to provide psycho social support for children

Prioritize the needs of children with vulnerabilities while providing


86

26

211

17 69 90 95

4 0

100

200

300

Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur

Stay during Flood

Same Different

relief

Messages on weather situation especially in a child friendly manner as

children have lot of fears due to rumours

Immediate Creation of District Level Task force to review the current

actions towards disaster risk reduction.

Coordination &

Advocacy Coordination with Local NGOs, Civil organisation

Advocacy with govt. for accessing govt. social protection schemes

Advocacy for Dalit community to get their right in emergency relief

and long term strategies under disaster management

5. Field Assessment:

Multi sectoral Joint Detailed Need Assessment has been carried out in 04 districts of State

Tamilnadu. Data has been collected and compiled from 11th

January to 26th

January. Further,

Data Analysis & report writing team has started data analysis from 27th

January and came out

with draft report on 5th

February.

6. Sectoral Assessment

6.1 Shelter

Overview on Shelter Detail Study:

Survey was prepared based on the study objectives, to investigate the socio-economic and the

direct shelter outcomes of the programmes respectively, including both closed and open

questions. Questions about the direct impact on the affected population due to Tamilnadu flood.

The survey formats prepared for the study were pilot tested at field level to verify their

appropriateness and applicability prior to the study. The formats / schedules were finalized

accordingly for capturing information at different level. Enumerators were employed at each

project location to undertake the socio-economic survey, and were oriented on the survey

questionnaires. The total respondents for the survey was 598 apart from direct survey one to

three FGDs was carried out in each of the areas.

During the time of flooding almost 60%

of the respondents have decided to stay in

their houses especially in Villupuram,

Cuddalore and Thiruvalur districts, as

they had semi-permanent structured

houses. District like Kancheepuram

almost 70% of the respondent have

stayed in the common places like

Community building, Schools and


Marriage halls. Most of the respondent in Kancheepuram and Cuddalore districts were from

Dalit (SC) and Adivasi (ST) population who were living in small huts and mud wall houses

which got damaged completely after flood.

All the four districts have reported about house damage whereas in Cuddalore and Villupuram

districts there has been some houses which did not damage. One of the reason is due to

government schemes like Indra Awaz Yojana, Green House and Thane house program.

Especially in Cuddalore district there has been more number of respondents have access to such

schemes. This clearly informs that permanent structures have more resilience for flood like

disaster. In the district like Kancheepuram there were some of the respondents who had access to

such scheme but those shelters were constructed about 30 years back. The houses do have

permanent wall and roofing but damaged and under the threat of falling any time.

144 116

286

20 11 0 20

1 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


House Damaged Due to flood

Yes No

8 25

38

1

85 80 82

16

41

6

180

4 21

5 6 0 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200


House Type

Pucca Kutcha Traditional/ Mud Temporary/ Tent


180 responded in Cuddalore district and 41 respondent in Villupuram district are living in

Traditional/Mud type of house. About 250 respondents in all the four districts are living in

Kutcha house which highlights their vulnerability to the flood like disaster. About 32

respondents are living in temporary or tent like shelters who are the most vulnerable for any

calamity. Pucca houses have been responded in Villupuram, Kancheepuram and Cuddalore

districts due to effective implementation of Green House program of State Government.

143 respondents have reported that they live in <100 square fit house size with an average family

size of 4 members. 201 respondents which is the most numbers who are living in a house size of

101 to 200 square fit. 197 respondents have reported they live in 201 to 400 square fit size of

house. Apart from these three major responses other responses are very minimal. According to

the responses it‟s clearly coming out that maximum of respondents are living in less than 400

square fit house size.

55

2

81

7

60

12

122

7

35

79 76

7 4

23 21

0 1 0 6

0 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140


House Size

<100 101 to 200 201 to 400 401 to 800 Above 800

144

95

296

20 10 2 3 1 1 19 7 0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


Type of property

Owned rented lease other


Out of 598 respondents 555 respondents were owning the land where they were living. In the

Kancheepuram district 19 respondents who reported living in lease actually they live in a Temple

own land and pay annual tax to the temple. They are permitted to live in the assigned land as

many days as they want but cannot sell or rent.

242 respondents have threat of eviction due to various reasons like construction in encroached

areas. 354 respondents have no eviction threats.

Most of the household have 1 family living condition which counts to 555 respondents in the

districts of Villpurram, Cuddalore and Thrivalur joint family practise is there where 2 & 3 or

more family living in a shelter.

93

36

108

5

62 80

198

16

0

50

100

150

200

250


Threat of eviction

Yes No

147

116

274

18 5 0

20 3 3 0

12 0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300


Family Living status

1 family 2 family 3 or more family


About 90% of the responded have raised the requirement of further assistance for shelter. The

type of requirements are like new house construction and toilet require. This reflection is based

on the FGD carried. There is also a challenge of drinking water facility where communities‟

expectation is for a common water tank for their daily use.

308 respondents have shared their interest to contribute their contributions are labour and about

75 respondents were ready to pay cash for the contribution for maintenance or new

constructions. 128 respondents have shared their willingness to support with in kind or materials

like wood or the bricks which they already have from their damaged houses.

30 20

126

13 19

0 4 7

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140


Assistance Required

Yes No

3

38

79

8

120

38

150

0 13

20

42

0 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160


Contribution from Community

Kind/Material Labour Cash


Whether cash assistance received specifically for shelter for 2015 floods? Whether cash

assistance received specifically for shelter for 2015 floods?

100 respondents did not have access to any of the government or state government shelter

facilities. 51 respondents were able to access to Indra Awaz Yojana (IAY) and 23 respondents

had access to Green House state government program. In Cuddalore district about 25

respondents have received shelter through Thane cyclone shelter program.

395 respondents had access to state government cash transfer program who have received Rs.

5000/- for shelter damage due to flood. Many could not receive as the cash transfer program had

mandate to transfer through bank account.

14 10

26

1

17 13 6

0 1 0

25

0

100

0 0 0 0

20

40

60

80

100

120


House Alloted

IAY Green House Thaane None

151

24

212

8

35 21

74

10

0

50

100

150

200

250


Cash assistance received

Yes No



Food and Nutrition

Across district the surveyed households highlight that the price of food products mainly

vegetables, rice, bread, oil increased immediately after the flood. On an average it took more

than three weeks to stabilise back to normalcy. Availability of PDS and distribution of releif

items by governemtn and voluntary organsiation helped them to take care of the food

requirements.

Washed away stored grains

Continuous rain

Lack of employment

Loss of Income and lessening of food at home

and available cash to purchase – Food Security .

Agriculture land Inundated

Uprooting of trees ;

Require land reclamation for cultivation – Farming

Death, washed away milch animal ;

Lack of insurance – Livestock

Damage of Agriculture implements ;

loss of capital investment - Petty shops, Small and Medium enterprises ;

Livestock Assets

426

89

28 55

Status of Food Price in Market (N=598)

Increased Remained same Decreased Don’t Know


Household discussion and statistics reveal that availability of food for consumption was not an

issue mainly due to the intervention by different agencies. Many expressed that though their

existing stocks were washed away and remained unfit for consumption presence of PDS and

other agencies helped them to cope out. Issue of consumption was highlighted as a major

challenge when they left the camps and flood water was drained completely (5-6 days).

No Sector Broad findings from field Emerging Needs

1

Food

security

Households have lost their food stock in the

floods either by being washed away along

with other household assets or by being

completely soaked and rendered unfit for

consumption.

Increase in vegetable, milk, bread and basic

essentials were reported by the households.

Immediately and after the flood -

GO, NGO and voluntary

agencies were supplying food

items and market price

stabilisation is observed across

the study districts.

Assistance in the form of storage

bins and formation of „grain

bank‟ at community level will

help them to save the food stock

in future.

Due to rain across district the

agriculture activity are stopped and

also the availability of job through

MNREGS, Daily labour were

stopped due to incessant rain.

28

426

55

89

Amount of Food Consumed (n=598)

Increased Remained same Decreased Don’t Know

33

76

391

98

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Increased Same Decreased Don’t know

Income earned (n=598)



2

Loss of

employment

Continuous rain and inundation of crop

land has resulted in lack of employment

opportunity for agriculture labourers in the

rural areas. Also completion / absence of

wage employment programs (MGNREGS)

in the affected communities have led to

lack of any possible job for atleast next

three months.

In the absence of employment – migration

of adolescent girls to Thirupur textile mills

and men mostly to Kerala are observed

across study districts.

In semi-urban areas the opportunity to earn

from construction sector, factories and

manufacturing small scale industries have

been severely affected since the beginning

of heavy rains in November‟15. Most

affected segment of workers is;

construction workers, daily labourers,

fishermen and workers in unorganised

sector across the study districts.

Wage employment to earn

income to take care of the

family needs and requirements

with reference to shelter repair,

building new house, education

and health.

About 62 per cent of the households studied reported monthly income of less than Rs 5000 and

33 % between Rs 5000 to 10000 per month.

Monthly Income

(Rs) Total

% Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur

>5000 372 62 117 100 135 20

5001 -10000 199 33 32 14 152 1

10001 -15000 21 4 4 2 15 0

15001 -20000 5 1 1 0 4 0

20001 to 25000 1 0.2 1 0 0 0

>25001 0 0 0 0 0 0

598 100 155 116 306 21

Largely the household irrespective of gender depend on farming and other allied sector

(livestock, fishing, agriculture labour) for income generation. In Cuddalore and villupuram

household members work as daily labourers in non-farm sector where they go to nearby town

and district headquarters on daily basis mainly to work in construction jobs, as coolie in markets

(loading and unloading). In Kanchipuram and Cuddalore district mainly inland fisheries and


income generation through fish ponds are observed. Salaried person is both from private and

public sector mostly engaged in unskilled, entry level positions.

Primary Source of monthly

income for the household Total Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur

Agriculture 91 37 11 42 1

Agricultural labour 257 55 62 133 7

Livestock 40 9 11 18 2

Fishing 23 0 14 9 0

Non-agricultural labour 114 40 13 56 5

Self Employed 41 7 3 29 2

Small and Medium Enterprise 11 3 0 7 1

Salaried person 21 4 2 12 3

598 155 116 306 21

With reference to expenditure multiple responses were shared by the households across districts.

Following table present ranking of expenditure as perceived important by the households.

Buying basic household requirements, expenditure on shelter repair and buying materials for

reconstruction are the top three expenditure of the households immediately after the flood.

No Expenditure Ranking %

1

Buy basic HH

necessities 77

2 Shelter repair 53

3 Buy materials 42

4 Transport 28

5 Children education 16

6 Others 7

7 Working capital 4

Others include expenditure on health, livestock fodder and repayment of loan from informal

sources.



3

Agriculture

land

Due to flooding and submergence of long

term crops loss of income was reported by

farmers across districts.

Reclamation of land: Accumulation of debris

and run off waste material, sand

sedimentation to the extent of 3-4 feet depth,

erosion of soil (creating uneven structures

within the field and in many instance wiping

out of the base soil from the land – making

them unsuitable for immediate cultivation). In

the absence of technical knowhow of

reclamation process and due to financial

constraints – small, marginal farmers are

facing issues to take up cropping in next six

months‟ time.

Farmers facing difficulty to drain water out

from the fields as canals overflowed in

Cuddalore and Kanchipuram districts.

Damages to agriculture implements, materials

stored including seed materials likely to affect

resumption of agriculture activities

Land bund damage and live crop fence

damage

Affected farmers are

expecting earlier

compensation from

government for crop loss

and believe the announced

relief amount to be increase

per acre.

Need working capital of

Rs. 21,000 to reclaim an

acre of agriculture land

affected by the flood.

Rescheduling of bank crop

loans for all the affected

farmers.

Supply of seeds, and other

inputs at subsidised rare for

the next two seasons.

Survey by Government

department (Agriculture

and Revenue) to re-ensure

correct land area in the

severely affected villages.

Across district about 91 households reported ownership of agriculture land. About 66 % of them

are owning wet land and the average land size was 0.72 acres. Main crop cultivated are paddy,

sugarcane, pulses, groundnut, maize, cotton, cashew and casuarina.

Agriculture land

ownership Total

Villupura

m

Kanchipura

m

Cuddalor

e

Thiruvallu

r

Wet land 60 22 6 32 0

Dry Land 14 9 1 3 1

Orchard 17 6 4 7 0

Total (Number) 91 37 11 42 1

In terms of land size, about 47 % own less than one acre of land, 32 % up to 2 acres and 13 %

more than two acres of land.


Land Size - Wet

land Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur Total

%

Less than 1 acre 10 4 14 0 28 47

>1 up to 2 acre 9 2 8 0 19 32

> 2 acre 3 0 10 0 13 22

Total 22 6 32 0 60 100

Land holders across districts highlighted damages caused due to flood which affected the land

severely and made unfit for immediate cultivation resulting both in production and loss of

income to the family. Type of damage ranked by land owners

Type of Damage No % Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur

Flooding 60 66 16 6 37 1

Crops Inundated 66 73 20 6 40 0

Land accumulated with

debris 41

45 13 1 26 1

Uprooted crop 15 16 5 4 6 0

Sedimentation 54 59 13 4 37 0

Incidence of pest and

diseases 8

9 3 1 4 0

Bund / Live fence damage 30 33 4 2 24 0

91 100 37 11 42 1


4

Livestock

At least one third of the villages assessed

have reported loss of milch animal (cow,

buffalo) and poultry.

For women headed households, income

from their livestock has been a

supplementary source that is more reliable

and stable, while for a few of them, this

income has remained the main source of

income particularly elderly.

In the absence of livestock

insurance households who lost

livestock are looking for capital

support and partial grants to buy

and renew the income source.

Support to build animal shelter

and organising medical camp for

the milch animal will help them

to protect animals from any

diseases.

Next to farming livestock owned is quoted as the most important source of reliable income to the

family mostly women headed households and elderly households. Following table summarise the

number of livestock lost by the surveyed households due to flood. In the absence of insurance,

they are dependent on the relief amount announced by the Government of Tamil Nadu to revive

the livestock owned.


Livestock lost during the flood Total Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur

Cow 83 9 43 30 1

Bullock 14 1 11 2 0

Buffaloes 68 0 51 15 2

Calf 70 2 57 10 1

Goat / sheep 64 14 0 16 34

Pig 68 0 56 12 0

Poultry 260 22 79 131 28

627 48 297 216 66


5

Petty

shops,

Micro,

Small and

Medium

Enterprises

Across district loss of working capital or

investment to the tune of Rs 8340 is

reported by the families engaged in small

business / trade.

Also damage / repair of equipment‟s, loss

of raw materials is reported across districts.

About 72 per cent have reported buying

loan from informal sources at high interest

rate to revive the affected business or to

start new.

Help in the form of working

capital (soft loan) or through the

SHGs will be highly appreciated

by the banks.

About 52 per cent of the

household surveyed are ready to

register the business in the name

of women to get the required

support.

6.3 Water Sanitation & Hygiene

All the observations are based on 317 Respondents surveyed for IAG Rapid Joint Need

Assessment

A. Information On Defecation Practice Before Flood

Across the district the

surveyed households

revealed that they defecate

in open fields. Only a very

few seems to use toilets.

32

228

18 7 10 22 0

50100150200250

Household members defecation practice before Flood

No of Responses


B. INFORMATION ON DAMAGES TO TOILETS/TOILETS BY FLOODS

The toilet was not damaged by floods per the response of 73% of households. Since the

households defecate in open fields.

C. INFORMATION ON MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD DEFECATING AFTER FLOOD

The household‟s sanitation has not improved even after the floods. The scenario is remained

unaltered. Only a few are found using toilets.

D. INFORMATION ON REHABILITATION OF SANITATION FACILITIES

Around 67% of the respondents have given negative response on rehabilitation after flood.

Yes No No Response

No of Responses 32 232 53

0

50

100

150

200

250

JNA

HH

Ass

ess

me

nt

Toilets /Toilets damaged during Flood

1-Latrine,

2- Openfield

3-Nearestwaterbody

4-Roadside

5-OtherNo

Response

No of Responses 21 167 16 9 9 95

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

RJN

A H

H a

sse

ssm

en

t C

he

nn

ai F

loo

d

Members of Household defecation after Flood


E. Information On Factors That Influenced To Repair Of Rebuilding The Toilets

Though there is no response received towards the factors influencing rebuilding of toilets, 20%

of the households have mentioned combined issue of lack of materials, Labour, Money and

Land as a factor.

Materials/tools for

repairnot

available

Materials/ tools

for repairare not

accessible ( notenough…

Skilled /labour

for repairnot

available

Skilled /labour

for repairnot

accessible (not

enough…

Issues ofland

grievances exist

Other&combines issues

ofMaterrials, Labour,

Money…

NoResponse

s

No of Responses 18 26 4 37 16 65 151

020406080

100120140160

RJN

A H

H A

sse

ssm

en

t -

Ch

en

nai

flo

od

s

Factors influences/affects the repair/rebuilding of Toilets

Yes No No Response


0

50

100

150

200

250

RJN

A H

H A

sse

ssm

en

t -

Ch

en

nai

flo

od

Households toilets rehabilitated after flood


F. INFORMATION ON ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ AND WOMEN’S PRIVACY TO USE

TOILETS

More than 80% of the households feel that there is no privacy for women and adolescents girls

to use toilets. There is no provision for more toilets in the communities.

G. INFORMATION ON ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ AND WOMEN’S PRIVACY IN

BATHING FACILITIES

Above 80% of the households do not feel comfortable with bathing facilities.

15%

83%

2%

% Adolescent girls and women have access to toilets

Yes

No

No reponses

18%

81%

1%

Proportion of Women and adolescents privacy in bathing facilities

Yes

No

No reponses


S.no Sector Broad findings Emerging needs

1. Sanitation facilities The households do not

have any individual

toilets. They defecate in

open fields, near to water

body and road side.

Very few in numbers

seem to use sanitation

facilities.

Women and adolescent

girls do not feel the

privacy in using the

sanitation facilities.

The people lack knowing

the importance of using

the sanitation facilities

which results in outbreak

of disaeases.

The provision of

appropriate facilities for

defecation could be

essential for people‟s

dignity, safety, health and

child protection and well-

being is ensured.

There should be a space

for Menstrual

management.

H. INFORMATION ON SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER BEFORE FLOODS

The main source of water in these households is piped water followed by Dug wells.

I. INFORMATION ON SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER AFTER FLOODS

Piped water is found to be the main source of water in these households followed by Dug wells.

Tubewells

Dugwells

PondSandFilter

RainWater

Harvesting

Pipewater

system

Ponds/River

/CanalsOthers

NoRespons

es

No of Responses 23 33 1 4 223 1 27 5

0

50

100

150

200

250

Sources of Drinking water - before flood


J. INFORMATION ON GENDERWISE RESPONSE TOWARDS COLLECTION OF

WATER

69% of female members are found to collect water which is higher compared to percentage of

male(10%)

K. INFORMATION ON GENDERWISE RESPONSE TOWARDS COLLECTION OF

WATER

Majority of female members are found to be collecting water in these communities.

10%

69%

18%

3%

Genderwise Response for the collection of water - Before Flood

Male

Female

Both

Can't Say

Tubewells

Dugwells

PondSandFilter

RainWaterHarves

ting

Pipewater

system

Ponds/River

/Canals

OthersNo

Responses

No of Responses 25 31 1 4 215 1 27 13

0

50

100

150

200

250R

JNA

HH

Ass

ess

me

nt

- C

he

nn

ai F

loo

d Sources of Drinking water - After Flood


L. INFORMATI

ON ON VARIOUS DISEASES SPREAD OUT DURING RECENT FLOODS

Majority say that there were combination of diseases which was followed by skin diseases, then

diarrhoea and stomach ache.

M. INFORMATION ON HOUSEHOLD USING WATER PURIFICATION SYTEM

More than 80% of household use some or other basic water purification system at home.

DiarrhoeaSkin

DiseasesStomach

ache

Others &combined

of DiseasesCan't Say

No of Responses 43 68 14 138 54

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

RJN

A H

H A

sse

ssm

en

t -

Ch

en

nai

flo

od

Disease since recent floods

8%

70%

19%

3%

Genderwise response for the collection of water - After Flood

Male

Female

Both

Can't Say


N. INFORMATION ON METHODS OF WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM USED BY

HOUSEHOLD

Boiling of water is found to be the most common method of water purification system which is

followed by chlorine tablets, filters and using alums.

s.no Sector Broad findings Emerging needs

82%

18%

Proportion of household using purification sytems for drinking water

Yes

No

BoilingUsingAlum

ChlorineTablets

Filters othersNo

Response

No of Responses 194 3 35 17 13 55

0

50

100

150

200

250

RJN

A H

H A

sse

ssm

en

t -

Ch

en

nai

Flo

od

Method of Water Purification system used for drinking water


1. Water source The main sources of

water for the

households are piped

water system followed

by dug wells.

Majority of the

females collect the

water with the

distance of 1 km.

The villages

Parangipettai ,

Kumaratchi ,

Bhuvanagiri , are

depending on

borewell for drinking

purpose as the pipe

water is not portable

for drinking

Majority of the

households boiled

water to purify the

water since the water

is unsafe to drink.

Due to unsafe water,

there were spread of

combination of

diseases like skin

diseases , fever,

diaarhoea etc.

The affected area

normally depends on

piped water supply for

the drinking water.

The water is either

being contaminated.

The villages need

water purification

system.

O. INFORMATION ON THINGS USED FOR HANDWASHING

62% of households use soaps for

handwashing and 11% use ash

which is a good symbol of hygienic

practice.

62% 11%

26%

1%

Things used for hand washing

Soap

Ash

None

Can't Say


P. INFORMATION OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PRACTICES OF WOMEN

Sanitary napkins is used largely among women and still there are few who use cloth and a 1% of

these use both (napkins &cloth)

Q. INFORMATION ON DISTRIBUTION OF SANITARY NAPKINS BY ANM

44% of respondents have

given positive response

towards distribution of

sanitary napkins by ANM.

75%

18%

1%

6%

Menstrual Hygiene Practices - Scenario

Sanitary Napkins

Cloth

Both

Can't Say

Yes No Can'tSay


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

RJN

A H

H A

sse

ssm

en

t -

Ch

en

nai

flo

od

Does ANM distribute the Sanitary napkins


s.no Sector Broad findings Emerging needs

1. Hygiene The majority of the

households seems to

practice hand wash

with soap and the rest

with ash.

The napkin usage

among women is 75%

which is high.

The distribution of

napkins at the field as

to be addressed.

7. Recommendation on Long Term Recovery Needs

7.1 Shelter

Continuous rain in affected district resulted in demanding immediate attention of ensuring

temporary shifting places to the families. Separate identification and immediate attention to

all differently able persons is required.

In order to provide immediate solutions for communities there is need to build semi-

permanent shelters within and shelter materials for the affected Dalit locations and HH with

proper size and quality.

Majority of the shelters in affected villages severely affected, 100% damages have reported

in severely affected areas, 80% of houses were partially damaged and 20% of households

completely damaged structures like huts, shackles and semi-permanent structure.

Safe and privacy concerns for the Women and Young girls are the major concern of the

affected family‟s hence immediate focus should be on ensuring protective measure in place

to help women and girls.

The affected communities‟ needs to have alternate settlement site so that they live in safer

place and government should explore the options for improving quality of their homes

through reconstruction and repairing of houses especially Schedule Tribes who are living in

very low line areas of river.

Construction of Toilets are very much needed in villages as open defecation is prevalent and

in huts which are close to river fronts.

As flood water affected ground water, all hand pumps and water points needs to be repaired

and revived with application of bleaching powder and all the Over Head Tankers needs to be

cleaned and quality of water needs to be tested to understand the extent of contamination.


As the government is open to collaborate with NGO partners for construction of new houses,

the government is willing to provide Rs.1.4 lakhs towards construction of houses through

IAY scheme and government is also willing to sign partnership agreement for this purpose

(Cuddalore District).

Immediate intervention could be providing shelter as most of vulnerable population like SC

& ST have been excluded from mainstream privileges resulting in making them situational

vulnerable.

On resilience side may considers learnings from Tsunami housing program where legal title

were allotted in the name of female member of the family. Also flood resilient construction

model where in raised floor and applying new technologies.

Seeking for market led strategy: develop appropriate financial services like micro housing for

new and repairs, toilet construction at affordable cost.

Ensuring gender inclusive approaches during the time of intervention to respect equity with

the community we work and engage community from the beginning of the construction.

Gender and Shelter Considerations have to be integrated into shelter planning and

programme to ensure people affected by crisis benefit equally from safe shelter. Including

aspects like privacy and social prestige and opportunities for gender transformative changes

at it was done in post tsunami program.

Introduce appropriate insurance products to protect the poor against the risks of damages to

their dwelling units and their contents. This will require concerted efforts in raising

awareness at the community level and forging appropriate linkage mechanisms.

Explore affordable, alternative technologies for developing flood and cyclone resistant

shelter for the poor and promote them with appropriate incentive mechanisms.


As the disaster derailed regular livelihood options for poor and informal workers, there is

an urgent need to ensure food security, smoothening cash flow and guaranteeing regular

employment for unskilled workers by involving them in debris clearance, channel

desilting, removal of mud.

No Damage Recommended interventions

1

Food security 1. Food security: Several informal workers particularly

daily wage labourers, who depend on their daily wages to

meet their basic needs, have been unable to work since

November first week. On an average loss of regular

employment across districts is about 21 days.

People engaged in agriculture labour will be unable to

work for next two months as farm fields needs to be

reclaimed. Hence, access to Public Distribution System is

essential to ensure food security to low income

households.



2. Unconditional cash transfer: The community is in need

of Unconditional cash transfer for 15 days for a month for

a maximum period of two-month period will help the

community to a greater extent in managing their health,

education and food requirements and avoid negative

coping mechanism (diversion of income from food

expenses to income generation purpose).

3. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme: Ensuring an alternative income

source by implementing National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme to provide regular employment

opportunity and guaranteeing required cash in hand for

managing their daily household needs.

Advocacy efforts should be made to ensure that the

Government should provide employment opportunity in

disaster affected areas at least 15 days in a month for a

period of maximum six months.

4. Facilitate Self Help Groups, banks and Micro Finance

Institutions in flood affected areas should reschedule

repayments of existing loans.

5. Women household members across districts need skill

training and facilitation primarily to increase their

awareness on existing off-farm income generation

opportunities. Better skill and leadership opportunity will

empower women, adolescent girls to diversify their

household income and actively involve themselves in

financial decision making at household level. Further it

will aid them to participate and voice their views about

various activities within the community.

2

Loss of

employment

1. ‘Cash for work’ programs to be initiated in the affected

communities that are severely affected by the floods.

Restoration of community infrastructure such as

strengthening of bunds in irrigation tanks, ponds and

drainage canals are some of the works that can be

initiated.

2. Conduct skills inventory training for youth, adolescent

boys and girls identified from within the community and

provide employment through cash for work program

mainly for debris clearance, house repair, WATSAN

construction activities.



3 Agriculture 1. Agriculture land reclamation: Immense opportunity exists

across districts to use Cash for work program mainly to

revive agriculture activity, supply of seeds, distribution of

bio fertilizers, green manure, Farm Yard Manure for

reclamation of land.

2. Facilitate Capacitation and resilience built in initiatives

for women farmers, small and marginal farmers to restart

the farming activities. Income diversification through new

crop introduction

3. Value chain mapping and analysis should be carried out to

promote women role in various value chain and nurture

women entrepreneurs.

4. Introduction of Post-Harvest technologies for crops

cultivated in the district.

5. Farming community should be educated about crop

insurance and they should assistance to subscribe

appropriate products.

4 Livestock 1. Opportunity to introduce new breed in the area, introduce

and publicise livestock insurance among the community.

2. Build value chain models focussing on dairy, goat and

duck for women members of the household. Addressing

value chain issues at village and community level will

allow women to take part in the marketing process

directly and also more control over the income they earn.

5 Petty shops,

Micro, Small

and Medium

Enterprises

1. Financial products should be developed to assist families

engaged in SME and MME besides helping them with

appropriate risk mitigation tools.

2. Working capital support by linking with government

schemes and programs.

3. Rebuilding existing enterprise with resilience factor build

in – form of asset insurance.

4. Support for skill development of the youth for enhanced

livelihood opportunities both in the farm sector and other

new sectors. Promotion of rural enterprises through a mix

of skills enhancement, credit, market and technical

linkages.

Socio Economic Profile of the Affected Households


Following graph highlight the geographical distribution of households surveyed. In line with the

methodology majority of the respondents were from rural villages followed by semi-urban

background found largely in Thiruvallur district.

Of the total respondent studied about 34 households (6 %) across districts are women headed

households and 72 households are men headed households. In terms of religion 86 per cent of the

respondent family belong to Hindu religion followed by 13 per cent Christians and Muslims (1

%). Following graph highlight the caste of the surveyed households largely dominated by SC

and ST Category

7.3 Water Sanitation & Hygiene

Safe drinking water

1. Providing the chlorine powder solution for Water purification.

2. Provision of individual household water purifications.

Open defacation:

3. Awareness programmes on health impacts due to open defecation.

4. To bring Community led total sanitation in place.(triggering the community on ill effects

of ODF)

5. To initiate community to push to Government in creating more toilets.

Mosquito breeding:

1. Eradicating mosquito larvae using neem oil or other larvicides

2. Awareness through IEC messages and videos.

516

129 96

291

0 37

1 0 15 21

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Total Villupuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur

Households Surveyed - Geography (n=598)

Urban Rural Semi Urban


Solid waste disposal

1. Provision of solid waste treatment facilities at Panchayat.

Socio Economic Profile of the Affected Households

Following graph highlight the geographical distribution of households surveyed. In line

with the methodology majority of the respondents were from rural villages followed by

semi-urban background found largely in Thiruvallur district.

Of the total respondent studied about 34 households (6 %) across districts are women

headed households and 72 households are men headed households. In terms of religion

86 per cent of the respondent family belong to Hindu religion followed by 13 per cent

Christians and Muslims (1 %). Following graph highlight the caste of the surveyed

households largely dominated by SC and ST Category


8. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY:

A. TOOL FORMATION

In order to understand the existing Shelter, WASH, Livelihood scenario and the underlying

vulnerabilities of the household and the community prior to the flood as well as the impact /

damage that the flood has had in terms of shelter, WASH and livelihood aspects three main tools

were developed by the team for joint detailed need assessment purpose.

1. Individual household questionnaire.

a. To ensure adequate representation from “very poor” socio-economic group,

individual household interviews were purposively targeted to the most vulnerable

households – including single female headed households, landless households,

physically challenged households and elderly.

2. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with representatives from affected communities

a. FGDs involved community leaders, farmers, landless, skilled and unskilled

labourers as well as marginalised social and ethnic groups. To ensure equal

participation; voice their concerns and capture issues of women and adolescent

girls – it was decided to conduct FGDs separately for men, women and adolescent

boys and girls in the selected villages.

b. To facilitate and capture all the aspects of the study separate checklist was

prepared by the assessment team.


3. Key Informant Interviews (KII) with Government department officials (Agriculture,

Livestock, Revenue) at district, block and village level; representatives from formal and

informal financial institutions and market players mainly traders, aggregators who are

operating in the study area.

a. To guide the field team, checklist focusing on specific aspects of the study was

prepared and shared by the assessment team.

Team of members from Care India, World Vision India, ADRA India, UNICEF, ROADs,

OXFAM & Praxis has worked collectively on different sectors and come out with HH & FGD

Tool for Shelter, Food, Nutrition & Livelihood, WASH and Health.

B. TRAINING ON MULTI SECTORAL JDNA TOOL:

IAG TN with assistance from Sphere India organized one day orientation on HH Tools and

FGD tools for enumerators at State Level and further enumerators given training to their

filed staff at Field level. Orientation was provided by sectoral experts from Care India,

Adra India and World Vision India.

C. METHODOLOGY

Two sources of data will be used: Field Data Collection and Secondary Data. The figure below

outlines the tools to be used and the data expected from each technique.

Field Data Collection: focused on collecting thematic data from the field through household surveys , FGD Tools and

key informant interviews.

Teams of enumerators will visit each of the target districts following the sampling

strategy outlined in Section C.1 below. The teams will be made up of participating

agencies member staff and will be supervised by district level team leaders. The key

informant interviews will be conducted by teams leaders in the field.

Target Areas: District Cuddalore, Villupuram, Thiruvalur & Kancheepuram

Means of Verification: Household questionnaire, FGD Tools & key informant interviews

Secondary Data: collected from external sources will provide a backdrop of reported needs and context

Secondary data will be collected from IAG reports, State and central Government

reports, District administration, UN agencies, INGOs and Local NGOs.

Target Areas of Secondary Data: Government departments at State & District level


C.1. Sampling Strategy

This assessment will purposively sample geographic areas based on the districts, blocks and

villages identified as being the most affected by the Phase I JNA. Each target district will then

have a randomized representative sampling. The guidance below will be provided to field teams.

C.2. Sampling Contingency Prioritization

District Level

o From amongst the districts, the assessment team will cover a minimum of 3-5

worst affected blocks from most affected districts. No. of most affected Districts

are 04.

Block Level

At the block level, the assessment will consider the following for undertaking sampling:

o Selection of the 02-03 worst affected panchayat from each block and 01 village

from each panchayat.

o Study the damages in various sectors in both urban as well as rural areas including

all vulnerable community.

Household Level

o 5-10% HH will be selected from each village.

C.3. Data Entry & Analysis

All checked forms entered by local data entry staff identified by participating agencies. The data

entry assistants entered data on a daily basis when delivered by the field data collection. Further,

they shared compiled data with District Lead.

District lead has further shared data with Convener IAG and final compilation was done by

Sphere India.

Sphere India Coordinator shared the compiled sheet of all 04 districts with report analysis and

writing team.

C.4 Report Writing & Analysis Team:

Mr. Sashi Kumar from Care India, Mr. D. Yeswanth from Care India and Ms. Regina

Earnest from World Vision India has taken lead for analysing & filtering the data and report

writing with their teams for Food, Nutrition & Livelihood, Shelter and WASH sectors

respectively.


C.4. Preliminary Workplan

Timeline

Interventions

Chenna

i

Cuddalo

re

Kancheepur

am

Thiruv

alur

Vilupu

ram

Planning and preparation ( finalizing,

translating tools) at State Level

5th

January

Assessment team Meeting at District

level

4th

January 8th

January

8th

January

7th

January

Orientation on tools at District Level

Facilitators/teams travel to the field Done at State level only on 9th

Jan

Field level assessment 11th

to 23th

January

Secondary data collection 11th

to 23th

January

Data entry (assessment teams): 23th

to 26th

January

Data analysis, collation, reporting 27th

January to 8th

February

Validation meeting

Draft report

10h

January

Final report

12

January

9. Annexures

9.1 HH Assessment Tool for Shelter, Food, Nutrition, Livelihood & WASH


Team Information

Organization Name: ___________________ Survey Date: / / 201_

Surveyor Name: ___________________ Surveyor Mobile Number:

A. Geographical Information

HH Located in: Urban Rural Semi-Urban

District:…. Block:…. GP:……. Village / Ward:…….

B. Household Information

1. Name of Household Head: 2. Mother‟s Name:

3. Father‟s / Husband‟s Name: 4. Proof ID with No.:

5. Are you a Singly headed

household?

Yes No; If Yes, Male or Female

6. Caste:

…………………..

(Backward - 1; Most

backward - 2; Scheduled

caste[SC] - 3; Scheduled

tribe[ST] - 4; Others,

Specify - 5)

7. Religion: ……………(Hindu -1; Muslim -2; Christian -3;

Others, Specify -4)

8. How many pregnant or

lactating women are

there in the household?

# Pregnant: _____ # Lactating: ______

(If none, ignore)

9. Are there any members

of the family with

physical or mental

disabilities?

No Yes (If Yes, respond below)

Physical disability # M:_______ # F:_______

Mental disability # M:_______ # F:_______

Visually challenged /

Blind

# M:_______ # F:_______

10. Monthly income of the

household (family

income)

>5000 5001 -10000 10001 -15000

15001 -20000 20001 to 25000 <25001 Rs..…)


20. Damage level of the existing shelter (Take a snap of damaged building if feasible)

Structure

component

Type Damage extent Damage level in %

Roof Thatched /Tiles / Asbestos /

Tar sheet / Others

2 or 4 side fully /

One side or some

portion

30% / 7 ½ %/0%

Wall Brick masonry/Hallow or

solid block/ mud / Thatches

4 side fully / One 25% / 6 ¼ %/0%

C. SHELTER

11. How long have you lived here?

<1 year 1 to 5 years >5 to 15 years > 15 years

12. Where were you staying during the floods: Same location Different location

(If different, specify………………………………………)

13. Was your house damaged by the flood: Yes No

14. What type of house you are living in:

Pucca Semi Pucca Traditional/ Mud Temporary/Tent

15. What is the size of your house (square ft.)?

<100 101 to 200 201 to 400 401 to 800 Above 800

16. What is the type of property ownership or rights held by the household affected?

Owned Rented Leased Other ……………….

17. Do you have legal papers for land? Yes No

If Yes, Whose name and relationship: ……………………….

If No, explain: …….

18. Is the household under threat of eviction? Yes No

19. How many families live in your

house #1 #2 #3 or more


/others side or some portion

Roof

paneling

Wood ( Palm/ casuarinas/

eucalyptus) / bamboo / Steel

/ others

2 or 4 side fully /

One side or some

portion

25% / 12 ½ %/0%

Wall

paneling

Brick masonry /Hallow or

solid block / mud / Thatches

/others

4 side fully / One

side or some portion

20% / 10 %/0%

Total

Type of

damage

Fully - If Total above 40% is fully damage

Partially - Between 40% to 10% is partially damaged

No damage- Less than 10% is no damaged

21. Have the members of the household

begun to repair their house? Yes No

22. What shelter assistance do you need Repair/ Rebuild A new house

23. What do you think you can contribute Kind / Materials Labour Cash

24. What are the main problems the

household faces to repair of rebuild

their house.

Rank up to the top 3; 1st, 2

nd, 3

rd

Materials / tools for repair are not available

Materials / tools for repair are not accessible (not

enough money)

Skilled / labour for repair not available

Skilled / labour for repair not accessible (not

enough money)

Issues of land grievances exist

Other______________________________

25. Whether your house got selected for

any of the shelter assistance program

IAY Green House Thaane

None


C. FOOD and NUTRITION

28. Duration of food stock availability in the household

On average, how

long will food

stocks last in the

households

Status Priority need

expressed by the

household

Remark

Availability √

A. Grain (Wheat

and rice)

less than 1 week

1-2 weeks

3-4 weeks

More than 1 month

B. Pulses and

legumes

less than 1 week

1-2 weeks

3-4 weeks

More than 1 month

C. Oils and fats less than 1 week

1-2 weeks

3-4 weeks

More than 1 month

Others (specify…………………….)

26. Whether cash assistance received

specifically for shelter for 2015

floods?

No Yes (mention Rs……. and how it was

utilised……………………………………….

27. Any other shelter related issues

(electrical, plumbing, drainage, etc.)

Specify…………………………………………….


D. Vegetable and

fruits

less than 1 week

1-2 weeks

3-4 weeks

More than 1 month

29. What is the age of the youngest child (in months): ___________?

30. If the child is aged less than 2 years proceed with the following questions, if not skip to

the Question no 42

31. Do you breastfeed your youngest child (question relevant if child is less than 2 years of

age)?

Yes / No

32. If the child is less than 6 months, how many times did you breastfeed the child? …(No.)

33. Has the frequency changes post disaster? Decreased / Increased / No change

34. Do you have safe and private spaces for child feeding? Yes /No

35. Do you have children aged above 5 years and attending school? Yes / No

36. Is your child availing mid-day meal in school? Yes / No

37. Is there any threat of disease outbreak such as Diarrhea, Cholera and any epidemic?

38. Is there any Primary Health Centre (PHC) or dispensary in the village?

If not in village, how far is it from here…………………………………………..

39. Does any Asha worker or ANM visit regularly in the village?

If yes, what are the health support you are getting from them………………………..

40. Are the health camps being organized here in the community area? Yes / No

41. If yes, when was the last time the health camp was conducted?

42. Household Affordability

42.1 Changes in price of food

that people are eating since

Status (√) Which product Remark


the crisis began, on average:

A. Price increased

B. Price remained same

C. Price decreased

D. Don‟t Know

42.2 Changes in the total

amount of food that people

are eating since the crisis

began, on average

Status (√) Which product Remark

a) Amount consumed has

increased

b) Amount consumed is

the same

c) Amount consumed has

decreased

d) DNK (Don‟t Know)

42.3 Changes in income of

the people since the crisis

began, on average:

Status (√)

to what

extent?

A. Increased

B. Same

C. Decreased

D. Don‟t Know

43. Is there a PDS shop in the village and is it operational with food stocks

Available Unavailable Functional Dysfunctional


44. Are markets functioning in your locality?

Fully Partly Not functioning Inf. Unavailable

D. Livelihood

45. Details of household members

No Name of the

household

member

Sex1

Age 2

Nature of

relationshi

p3

Educati

onal

status4

Primary

occupation5

Secondary

occupation

Total Income /

week (Rs)

Afte

r

Floo

d

Before

Flood

After

Floo

d

Before

Flood

After

Flood

Before

Flood

1

2

3

4

1 Male-1; Female-2

2 Specify the number of years completed

3 Husband-1; Wife-2; Daughter-3; Son-4; Daughter-in-law-5; Son-in-law-6; Mother-7; Father-8; Mother-

in-law-

9; Father-in-law-10; Grandson / daughter-11; others – 12 4 Illiterate-1; Primary-2; Middle-3; Secondary-4; Higher secondary-5; Graduate-6; Post-graduate-7;

Technical/vocational education-8; Others-9 (Mention only the completed educational status)

5 Agriculture-1; Agricultural labour-2; Livestock-3; Fishing-4; Non-agricultural labour-5; Self Employed –

6; Small and Medium Enterprise -7; Employee formal sector - 8; unemployed – 7; Others – Specify.


5

6

7

8

Income source

46. What are your main

sources of household

income?

BEFORE NOW

Farming Farming

Livestock Livestock

Fishing Fishing

Business Business

Small trade Small trade

Forest dependent Forest dependent

Private service Private service

Govt. service Govt. service

Day labourer Day labourer

Fully dependent (no income) Fully dependent (no income)

Agricultural labour Agricultural labour

Van/rickshaw puller Van/rickshaw puller

Other (specify) Other (specify)

47. What is your monthly

expenditure? In Rs.

BEFORE NOW

Basic HH necessities (food)

Health

Children education

Fire wood/fuel


Cloths

Transportation

Loan repayment

Fodder

Others (specify)

48. Resources – Land

Land Use

Type

Area ( Acres) Extend of

damage (in

acres)

Type of

damage*

Type of crops

affected

Production Loss in Rs.

Own Leased

Wetland

Dry land

Orchard

[1- Flooding, 2- Crops Inundated; 3. Land accumulated with debris; 4. Sand

sedimentation; 5. crops are uprooted; 6. Incidence of pest and diseases; 7. Bund / Fence

damaged]

49. Resources – Livestock:

Cow Bullock Buffaloes Calf Goat /

sheep

Pig Poultry Value of livestock

lost (Rs)

No. of

livestock

lost

50. Other assets

No Asset type Specify the type of asset Value lost in Rs.


1 Agriculture implements [tractor, disc

plough, sprayers, etc]

2 Irrigation equipment‟s [pump set, drip,

pipeline, etc.]

3 Vehicles [cycles, two wheelers, four

wheeler, etc]

Small business (petty shop, street

vendors, fast food, stationary shops,

mechanic, tailoring, Grocery, etc.]

4 Livelihood assets [Rickshaw, van, auto,

push cart, plumbing materials, Fish

pond]

51. Impact of flood on household:

1. Has any household member migrated for labor after the flood: Yes / No

2. If YES, how many household members (specify numbers)

…………………………..

3. Where has the family member migrated?......................................

4. What is / are the reason(s) for migration

a.

b.

c.

5. Has any household member been disabled by the flood? Yes / No

6. What are the fears/ concerns for relocation if you have to relocate to other places?

………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………….

7. What are the issues regarding separation of individuals from livelihoods?

………………………………………………………………………………………

………

52. Financial Resources


No. Access to Credit Pattern of Savings

Source Amount (Rs.) Rate of

interest

(%)

Purpose

of

borrowing

Source Amount

(Rs.)

Amount

increased /

decreased /

same

53. Insurance services (Include Human, Crop and Livestock services, assets)

No Type of

insurance

Yes / No Who is covered Sum insured in

Rs.

Status of claim , if any

1 Life

2 Accident

3 Crop insurance

4 Livestock

5 Livelihood asset

54. Access to Government Social Protection Schemes, if applicable – Advocacy inputs


NREGA Old Age / Widow / Person with Disability (PWD) pension

Job

Card

Willing

for Job

Card

No of pension

Certificate Holder

No of

Beneficiaries

without

Certificate

Willing for pension

Certificate HH Contact No

Y/N Y/N Old Age (>60 yrs),

Widow, PWD

W/ OA/

PWD

Name In case to

connect or

collect further

information

55 Way forward Plan for livelihood

A. When do you

expect to restart

your main previous

livelihood activity?

Already restarted

Within one month

Within three months

In more than three months

I don‟t know

Plan for alternative livelihood option (specify)

B. What are your main

constraints to

restart your main

livelihood activity?

Agricultural land under debris

Agricultural land still under water

Too much pressure on daily labor market

Fish pond damaged by storm

Livelihood assets damaged by storm

Livelihood assets has been sold to buy food

Other (specify)


C. What plans you

have to cope with

current loss of

livelihood?

Selling of household assets or fix assets

Will migrate outside for work

Alternative livelihood

borrow loan with high interest

other (specify)

56. Do you want to acquire new skills for work in near future? Yes/No

57. What kind of skills you want to adopt? Specify the reason also.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

58. Do you want to shift to or add new other livelihood activity? Yes/No

59. If yes, which livelihood activity & Why?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

WASH

60. Where did the members of your

household defecate before the

floods?

[a] Toilet, [b] Open field, [c] Nearest water body,

[d] Roadside [e] Other

61. Was your toilet damaged by the

floods?

Note: if answer is yes, ask next question

Yes No

62. where do the members of your

household defecate now?

Note: Enumerator have to do direct

observation

[a] Toilet, [b] Open field, [c] Nearest water body,

[d] Roadside [e] Other

63. Have your household members

begun to rehabilitate sanitation

facilities?

Yes No


64. What are the main problems the

household faces to repair of

rebuild their toilet?

Rank up to the top 3; 1st, 2nd, 3rd

Materials/tools for repair are not available

Materials/tools for repair are not accessible (not

enough money)

Skilled/labour for repair not available

Skilled/labour for repair not accessible (not

enough money)

There are potential grievances on land issues

Other

65. Do woman and adolescent girls

have enough privacy to use

toilet?

Yes No

66. Do Woman and adolescent girls

have enough privacy for

bathing?

Yes No

67. Where from you collect

drinking water?

Before Floods

Tube wells

Dug wells

Pond Sand Filter

Rain Water Harvesting

Pipe water system

Ponds/River/Canals

If others ( Explain)

After Floods

Tube wells

Dug wells

Pond Sand Filter

Rain Water Harvesting

Pipe water system

Ponds/River/Canals

If others ( Explain)

68. Whose responsibility is to collect

the water:

A. Before Floods: Male or Female or Both

B. After Floods : Male or Female or Both

69. What do you use for hand

washing?

NOTE: Enumerator have to observe if

soap available anywhere in the house (

nearer to toilet, water point , kitchen etc)

Soap Ash None


70. Have you notice any particular

disease since recent floods?

Diarrhoea Skin Disease

Stomach pain Others

71. Do you purify / treat the drinking

water before consumption? [

Yes / No

72. If yes, then how?

a] Boiling [b] using alum [c] Chlorine Tablets (eg.

Halogen) [d] Filter [e] Other [specify]

73. What are the menstrual hygiene

practices of women?

a. Use sanitary napkin

b. Use cloths

74. Do ANM workers provide

sanitary napkins to woman group

in houses?

A. Yes

B. No

8.2 FGD Checklist

Discussion with Community

District: Block: .

DEMOGRAPHY

1. Social composition

2. Major Occupations of different social groups

3. Population and no. of households in the village

IMPACT of Flood

4. Explore with the group, how RECENT FLOOD has impacted local:

a. Geography

b. Population

c. Infrastructure – Road, Post Office, Bank, Telephone

d. Assets – Land, Boat & Net, Livestock, Tools / Implements / Machinery, Vehicles

(check is any of these assets was insured and if yes, how and whether they

received the claim)


e. Production – Agriculture (inclusive of Plantations), Livestock, Fisheries, Kitchen

garden, Forestry, etc. (check is any of these resources or the produce was insured

and if yes, how and whether they received the claim)

f. Services – Tourism, Transport, Shops, Artisan-based livelihoods, Hotels, etc.

g. Income – in relation to various occupational groups

h. Labour Market (separately for agri- and non-agricultural labour) – Availability of

labour force, availability of labour opportunities, Wage rate, Migration for labour

i. Savings and Financial Market – Savings, access to credit facilities, both Formal

(co-operatives, commercial banks, and other financial institutions) and Informal

(neighbours, relatives, moneylenders, merchants)

j. Assistance from Government & NGOs

k. Problems faced by the community - Specific Issues related to women & children

l. Protection Issues- Women & Children

m. Community‟s coping capacity

Shelter – Discussion points

1. Description of the area: Coastal Flood plain Others

2. What is the level of water stagnation in feet surrounding your house during this flood?

3. Where did the community take immediate Shelter post flood?

4. Are they still in the relief camps?

5. Were there any damages to Shelter? What were the major damages? Is there completely

damaged shelter in the village? (Collect the number)

6. What are the different needs in a shelter for a family? (Eg. structure, roofing toilet etc?)

7. Expected Shelter Model: In the event of any housing loan proposal what would be extend

of exposure and when will the community would be able to repay?

8. Ability to contribute? What type of contribution would be possible by the community?

9. Total population in need of shelter in the operational areas?

10. Obstacle in accessing shelter supplies? If yes, what were those?

11. WATSAN needs and concerns of women and girls considered Planning? Please specify


12. Do you have land for any new shelter construction? Will the family members permit for

new shelter construction?

13. Where is the preferred shelter location do you like to construct new in the same location or

willing to relocate to different place why?

14. What are the expected risks in shelter construction how will you overcome for successful

completion of shelter?

15. What is the size of housing land for each house?

16. How many houses were created without patta, when it was created, weather they have

electricity and water service?

Livelihood: Discussion points:

I. Agriculture and Agriculture labourers

Situational assessment

o Agricultural land (how many acres – land suitable for agriculture - before and after

RECENT FLOOD)

o Crops / what grows usually – what is growing after RECENT FLOOD (if any)

o Do they own any agricultural implements or machinery – do they use it to earn any

income? How much?

o How many people do farming regularly, how many work as agriculture labourers,

what are they doing currently (own agriculture, own agriculture-labour, only

agricultural labour)

o What is the condition of the land they own / cultivate?

o How much agricultural land do they own?

o Is their land / the land they cultivate still submerged?

o What do they plan to do with their land if they can‟t use it again for agriculture?

o What other things did they do apart from agriculture?

o Have they received trainings from any agency – where have they received – have they

used the training for anything?

o Do they use their own seeds?

o After the harvest do they store the produce? For how long do they store it? Where do

they store it?

o Whom do they sell it to?

o Does the buyer come to them directly or they have to go to a market or a trader and

sell it?

o Have they been selling to this buyer every year, or the persons keep changing over

time?

o Do they process the agricultural produce?

o How and where do they sell the produce after processing (if they sell any)

o Where do they store it until it is sold?

o How do they decide the price in which to sell the produce?

o Is there any bargaining on price?

o How much did they sell the produce for last year?


Rehabilitation and Recovery

o What kinds of damages to life, land and soil, agricultural implements, water

resources, etc. require repair? What are the person powers, financial resources, and

technical inputs required to repair that damage? Are those available? From where can

those be sourced?

Imparting Resilience

o What is the most vulnerable aspect of agriculture / agri-labor as an occupation? How

can those vulnerabilities be addressed?

o What are the social security schemes and entitlements that farmers / agri-labor are

accessing / can access? With what benefits?

o What is the status of savings – amount, regularity, institution, and of financial

inclusion of farming / agri-labor households? How can those be improved?

Mapping Institutions: Understand the present and potential roles of key institutions in

rehabilitation, recovery and resilience of agriculture-based livelihoods:

o SHGs, Cooperatives, Federations, other CBOs etc.

o NGOs

o Formal finance/credit, insurance

o Government departments esp. (i) Agriculture and Co-operation, (ii) Animal

Husbandry and Fisheries, (iii) Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, and

(iv) Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Departments

o Market – demand & supply, shifts in patterns

o Any other institutions – traditional or formal

Livestock

o How many animals / birds – what animals / birds did they have before RECENT

FLOOD?

o Has RECENT FLOOD changed the situation?

o How many do they have now?

o What purpose do animals serve for the family?

o Do they sell any of it to the markets?

o Is there space for animals in the nearby area to graze or feed?

o After the RECENT FLOOD - do they still have animals - how will they replace these

animals

o Has it affected their food situation at home

Fisheries

Situational assessment

o Coastline (distance from the village/shelter)

o Types of catch, any change in this over a period of time

o Volume of catch, ways and means to increase the volume


o Price for each variety; preference for any particular variety

o Fishing infrastructure and tools - boats, nets, hooks, etc.

o Landing centres and other infrastructure, drying, cold storage etc.

o Market facilities

o Fees/charges for using various facilities and infrastructure

o How do they transport the fish from the catch site to the market?

o Local market for fish (or where is the catch sold)

o Who are the buyers of these products?

o Where is the fish sent by the buyers, local/inter-island/mainland/export market?

o How many people involved in fishing (catch, transportation, storing, processing to

marketing: any activity related to fishing)

o How much do they earn from fishing?

o What apart from fishing were they doing before RECENT FLOOD

o How much do they earn from these other activities?

o Anything other than fish that people collect form the sea

o Do they use these products in their daily food? Do they sell it? Partly sold or

completely sold

o Are they sold directly after they are harvested from the sea or are they stored after

they are harvested and before they are sold

o Do you know what these products are used for?

Rehabilitation and Recovery

o What kinds of damages to life, water quality and resources, fishing gear, etc. require

repair? What are the person power, financial resources, and technical inputs required

to repair that damage? Are those available? From where can those be sourced?

Imparting Resilience

o What is the most vulnerable aspect of fisheries as an occupation? How can those

vulnerabilities be addressed?

o What are the alternative livelihoods that fishing households can pursue? What are the

financial resources and technical inputs required to achieve that shift and from where

can those be sourced?

o What are the social security schemes and entitlements that fisher folks are accessing /

can access? With what benefits?

o What is the status of savings – amount, regularity, institution, and of financial

inclusion of fishing households? How can that be improved?


rehabilitation, recovery and resilience of fishery-linked livelihoods:


o NGOs








Non-Timber Forest Produce

o What type of non-timber produce do you get from the forest and/or common lands?

o Why do you collect these (own use, market, etc.)

o Who collects these produce (self, family, etc.)

o Do you process, store these produce, if so what technique and how they got to know

about it?

o Where do they store it, for how long?

o If it rains continuously what happens to the produce, how do they keep the produce

dry and safe from infection?

o How and where do you sell these? Does somebody come and buy it from you? Is it

the same person every time?

o How is the price at which you finally sell the produce fixed?

o Do you employ labor in this activity?

o How much income do you earn annually / seasonally from this?

o Is there any change after RECENT FLOOD?

Artisans/ Craftsmen (carpenter, blacksmith, masonry, boats men, transport,

shopkeeper, etc.)

o What was the occupation you are /were involved in?

o Is it a traditional occupation?

o Is it a seasonal/regular means of employment/source of income?

o Have you received any training for this – if so, from where?

o Do you own the tools, equipment, vehicles needed to practise the trade?

o From where do they get the required raw materials (wood, metal, commodities, etc.)?

o Who are involved in the trade and in what manner (self, family, relatives)?

o Do you also employ outside labor; if so in what part of the trade and at what terms?

o Can you repair your tools and equipment; if not who does it?

o How much were you earning from this (in terms of unit price and average monthly

income

o Where and how do you market the produce?

o What other livelihood activities are you / your household involved in?

o Is there any change in your / your household‟s livelihood engagement before and

after RECENT FLOOD?

Plantation

o Arecanut, Pan, Coconut, Banana, Coffee – what are the plantations available in the

area?

o How much of it has suffered damages due to RECENT FLOOD and what is the

nature of damage?

o How many people were involved (owned) with plantations?

o How many people worked on the plantations?

o What is the average production before and after RECENT FLOOD – what measures

can be taken to increase production?

o How are they / you rebuilding the plantations?

o Where did they / you market the produce?


o How did they / you market it – directly/did somebody come and collect the produce

from them / you?

o What happens to the produce after it is harvested or collected?

o What kind of processing is done of the produce and where is the unit where the

produce is processed?

o Who owns and who sells the processed produce? To whom?

o What happened to the processing activity and unit after the RECENT FLOOD?

o After that what happens – who sells the processed material

o How much does a family usually earn annually / seasonally from these different

produces – raw and processed?

Homestead/home gardens/ kitchen garden

o Do the households here usually have home gardens?

o Every individual family has a garden/ or do groups of families share a home garden?

o What do they grow in it?

o Who takes care of these home gardens?

o What do they do with the produce – completely consume it themselves, sell it, share it

with other people?

o If they sell it where do they sell, how much do they earn usually from this?

o If they don‟t have home gardens, from where do they meet the need for vegetables?

o How regularly are vegetables available for purchase / barter?

o Is vegetable a daily part of the food they take or is it occasional?

o What difficulties do they face in getting vegetables? Has the difficulty increased or

decreased post-RECENT FLOOD?


rehabilitation, recovery and resilience of the other livelihoods:


o NGOs







WASH

Water

1. What are the current primary water sources? Do all groups access all sources?

2. Is there sufficient quantity of water (all purposes) throughout the year? Which are the

lean periods? How much water is available per person per day currently (only for

consumption and cooking)? (ask women how many pots/vessels of water they fill for

household and drinking use and then calculate using average HH size)


3. How far are water collection points from where people live?

4. What are the other uses for the water source (bathing, bathing livestock, washing clothes,

waste disposal, defecation near the source)?

5. What and where are possible alternative sources?

6. Do households feel that the water they consume is safe and of good quality?

C.4.1.1.1

7. Sanitation

C.4.1.1.2

C.4.1.1.3 Excreta disposal

8. What are the current beliefs and traditions concerning excreta disposal especially

regarding women‟s habits and attitude towards child excreta? What are the practices

adopted for menstrual hygiene?(to be asked with a group of women)

9. What are the existing kinds of toilet facilities used by the community? (flush, Are these

sufficient and are operational?

10. If the toilets are operational, what are the barriers of the community in using the toilets?

Do all groups have equitable access to these facilities?

11. Are current defecation areas close to water sources?

12. Are both men and women prepared to use communal toilets or family toilets?

Vector-borne disease

13. What are the vector borne disease risks and how serious are they?(i.e. Any obvious

problem of flies, mosquitoes, rodents, cockroaches, fleas, lice or bedbugs?)

14. If vector borne risks high do people have access to individual protection?

15. How does the community deal with these vectors usually?

16. Is there any evidence of vector breeding sites – stagnant water/ uncovered pit

toilets/water containers etc.


C.4.1.1.4 Solid waste disposal

17. How do people dispose of household waste? Where?

18. What type and quantity of solid waste is produced in each household? Are households

able to dispose of it within their homes?

C.4.1.1.5

C.4.1.1.6 Drainage

19. Type of drainage existing in the community

20. Is there a drainage problem? (flooding shelters and toilets, vector breeding sites, polluted

water contaminating living areas or water supplies)

Education

Are any of your children having any of the following problems:

1. Difficulty sleeping

2. Nightmares

3. Afraid of rain/ wind

4. Trouble leaving parent‟s constant company

5. Any emotional changes that are of concern?

How far is the closest primary school?

1. In this village

2. Neighbouring village

3. Very far

How far is the closest Middle/ secondary school?

1. In this village

2. Neighbouring village

3. Very far

How do your children spend their time during the day? Children between the ages of 5-11

1. Play

2. School

3. Studies

4. Friends

5. Helping at household chores/ Errands

6. Others


How do your children spend their time during the day? Children between the ages of 12-17

1. Play

2. School

3. Studies

4. Friends

5. Helping at household chores/ Errands

6. Actively engaged in livelihood activity

7. Others \

Did any of your children have to stop going to school to contribute to family income by

working?

8.3 Key Informant Information:

Key Informant Interview

Government Departments-

HEALTH, Agriculture, Livestock, Women & Child Welfare, Disaster management

Department, PWD, DRDA, Chennai Corporation etc.

Damages/Loss-

Govt. Plan/ Schemes-

Challenges-

Suggestions-

8.4 JDNA Teams Details

District Agencies

Name of

Person

Contact

Detail Email Id

Kanchipuram

Care India Sashi Kumar 9600339071 [email protected]

UNICEF Xavier Thomas 7093167463 [email protected]

REAL Chariatble

Trust

S. Lawrence 9710394002 [email protected]

Prem kumar 9894666025

ESAF Siby Antony 9003099508 [email protected]

Thiruvalur ADRA India S. Manickam 9003263585 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]






REAL Chariatble

Trust

S. Lawrence

9710394002 [email protected]

ESAF Siby Antony 9003099508 [email protected]

Chennai

World vision Balaji S. 9840846690 [email protected]

World vision Arockiaraj 9940488157 [email protected]

World vision Kunal Shah 8754594257 [email protected]

REAL Chariatble

Trust

S. Lawrence


Cuddalore

IAG Convener Antony 9750365723 [email protected]

REAL

CREED/ CARE India

Karunai

BLESS/ OXFAM

ROAD

KV

SASY

WASH

BWDA

SANGAM

Life Help

SPEED

Villupuram

IAG Convener Chinnapan 9443047406 [email protected]

CECODE, Block

Vikrravandi

ACT

Kalvi Kendra

SASY

CECOWOR

PMD

SAMSSS

Good Will

RCT

VCDS

Shathinilayam

DE GREAT

PDC









8.5 Report Writing Team:

Sectors District Level

Contact

person

Chennai

Level

Contact

person

Shelter Care India Sashi WVI Balaji

WASH WVI Regina WVI Regina

Food, Nutrition &

Livelihood Care India D Yeswanth WVI Arockiaraj

Health

WVI Rahul Mathew

Validation & review IAG Tamilnadu

Reports Compilation Sphere India

8.6 Assessment Areas District Wise:

Based on governemnt reports, published secondary data and damages as observed, shared by

the field organisation – four severly flood affected districts namely Cuddalore, Kanchipuram,

Thiruvallur and Villupuram were selected for the study. For the assessment, Multi stage random

sampling was followed in selection of blocks, villages and individual households. From each

district the most affected blocks were selected from which randomly based on the extent of

damage 3-4 villages / habitation was selected for the study.

Of the total population living in the selected village / habitation about 10 percent of the

households were selected for individual data collection. To ensure representation from different

sections of the community and also to capture information on different aspects (Shelter, WASH,

Livelihood) it was decided to collect information from households comprising 70 % dalit; tribal

community and remaining 30 % from non-dalit households and non- marginalised labourers.

District Cuddalore

Block Panchayat Villages Total no.

of HHs

Sample HH

(8-10 %)

(70% Dalits &

30% Non

Dalits)

NGOs

Parangipet Manjakuli Methukuppam 181 14 KV

Silambimangalam Athumedu 48 5 KV

Periyakaramedu Periyakaramedu 120 10 SASY

Kumaratchi Thirunaraiyur Veeranatham 200 20 CREED

Nanchallur Nanjalur 251 21 CREED

Melavanniyur Melavanniyur 150 15 Sangam

Bhuvnagiri

Adivarayanallur

Adivarayanallur

Colony 200 20 ROAD

Kollakudi Kolaludi 220 22 Bless

Thalakulam Maruthur 200 15 Karunai


Kurinjipadi Athinarayanpuram Athinarayanapuram 300 25 BLESS

Sirupalaiyur Sirupalaiyur Nagar 157 15 WASH

Kalkunam Kalkunam Nagar 350 35 SPEED

Theerthanagini Potakaraimedu 58 6 Lifehelp

Cuddalore Sundrorpalayam Bimaroa 150 10 SANGAM

Ward 9 Anurthathiyar Nagar 128 10 ROAD

Vellapakkam Vellupakkam 400 30 BWDA

kattumanarkovil T.P Irudhaya puram 158 15 REAL

Melaradhampur Melaradhampur 150 15 REAL

Maniyam Adoor Maniyam Adoor 150 15 REAL

6 Blocks 19 Panchayat 19 villages 322 HH

District Villupuram:


of HHs

Sample HH

(8-10 %)

(70% Dalits

& 30% Non

Dalits)

NGOs

Marakanam

Royanallur Royanallur 175 15 VCDS

Marakanam Marakannam 250 25

SAMSSS &

PDC

Vannipear Vannipear 98 10 KK

T.V. Nallur

Anawari Anawari 320 30

RCT, ACT,

SAMSSS

Anatur Anatur 170 17

SASY, DE

Great

Iruvelpattu Iruvelpattu 230 20

S. nilayam,

PMD, De Great

Gingee

Kanikapuram Kanikapuram 250 25

CECOWOR,

PMD

Anjancheri Anjancheri 220 20

CECOWOR,

CECODE

M G R

Nagar MGR Nagar 450 40

CECOWOR,

KK, SAMSSS

Villupuram town

Ward No. 30 Uralkaraimedu 80 8

Shathinilayam,

SAMSSS

Ward No. 40 Thamaraikulam 72 7

SASY, Good

Will

Ward No. 21 Anna nagar 120 12

Shathinilayam,

KK, ACT

4 12 12 2435 229


District Kancheepuram:


of HHs

Sample HH

(8-10 %)

(70% Dalits

& 30% Non

Dalits, Non

marginalized

laborors)

NGOs going

to viilage

Thirukalkundram Kadambadi 5

Care India &

UNICEF

Periya Colony 19

Karaithittu 20

Vadakadambad

i 11

Nallur 13

Pattikkadu 12

Annai Sathya

Nagar 15

Kuzhipanthand

alam 5

Thiruporur Kovilambaka

m Kovilambakam

250 15 ESAF

Perumbakam Perumbakkam 75 7 ESAF

Injumbakka

m Injumbakkam

500 20 ESAF

Thaiyoor Thaiyoor 200 15 ESAF

2 16 villages 190 3

District Thiruvalur:


of HHs

approx.

Sample HH

(5-10 %)

(70% Dalits

& 30% Non

Dalits)

NGOs going to

viilage

Menjur

Athipattu

Athipattu

Pudunagar 500 20

ESAF/ ADRA Sadayankuppan Manalipudhunagar 300 15

Vichur Theyambakkam 150 7

Pazhaverkadu Pazhaverkadu 500 20

Andarkuppam Napallayam 150 7

Poonnallee Nasretpettai 200 10 REAL

Ambatur Padee Padee 100 5 REAL

Thiruninravur Thiruninravur Thiruninravur 200 10 REAL


4 7 7 2100 94 2

To summarise from among the four selected districts, 13 blocks were selected. Across selected

block based on extent of damage 42 village / habitation were identified to collect household

information (690 households). Following table summarise the district, block and number of

sample households covered under the study.

No District Block Field Partner Organisation Households Covered (No)

1 Kanchipuram Tirukalukundram CARE India 116

Sholinganallur ESAF

2

Cuddalore

Kurinjipadi SPEED ; Karunai Educational Social Development Trust ; LIFE HELP; WASH; BLESS

306 Kumaratchi CREED; SANGHAM

kattumanarkoil REAL

Bhuvanagiri BLESS

Parangipettai ROAD; SASY; Karunai Vizhigal

Cuddalore town ROAD; BWDA; SANGHAM

3 Thiruvallur Minjur ADRA 21

4

Villupuram

Marakanam Village Community Development Society ; Kalvi Kendra

155 Thiruvennainallur TSJ-Shanthi Nilayam ; ACT;PMD; SASY;

De GREAT Trust

Gingee CECOWOR

Villupuram town Kalvi Kendra; TSJ-SHANTHI NILAYAM; SAMSSS; GOODWILL

Total HHs covered 598

9.5 Contacts of the Key stakeholders:

Government officials of Tamilnadu Department Designation Name Contact Email Id

Govt. of Tamilnadu

Chief Secretary

Thiru K. Gnanadesikan, I.A.S.,


Revenue/ Relief & Rehabilitation department

Principle Secretary/ Commissioner

Thiru Atulya Mishra, IAS

9445000444, 044-28523299

[email protected]



Commissioner Chennai Corporation

Principle Secretary/ Commissioner

Vikram Kapur, IAS

044-25619200

[email protected]

State Revenue

Joint Commissioner, (Disaster Management and Mitigation)

Tmt.R.Lilly, I.A.S.,

044-28544249 044-28528745 9940508385 9445000666

State Revenue

Commissioner (S.S.S),

Thiru.Pradeep Yadav, I.A.S.,

044-28525034 9717418383

Social Welfare Department

Jt. Secretary Ashish Kumar

SDMA Deputy Commissioner- Works

Kandasamy 94444 46559

Health & Family Welfare

Secretary Dr J Radhakrishnan IAS

25671875, Fax :25671253

[email protected]

Revenue Cuddalore

District collector

Dr.S.Suresh Kumar, I.A.S

04142-230666 04142-230651 - 54,230555 9444139000

[email protected]; [email protected]

Revenue Kancheepuram

District collector

Tmt. R.Gajalakshmi I.A.S

044 -27237433, 27238478, Fax : 044-27237789

'[email protected]'; [email protected]

Revenue Tiruvallur

District collector

Thiru K. Veera Raghava Rao, I.A.S,

(044) 27661600, 27662533 Fax : (044) 27662299

'[email protected]'; '[email protected]'; '[email protected]'; '[email protected]'





Revenue Viluppuram

District collector

Tmt M Lakshmi, IAS

04146-222450(O), 222480(R), 222470(F)

'[email protected]'; '[email protected]'; '[email protected]'; '[email protected]'

10. Photographs

Upr

oot

ed

tree

s


Sedimentation and water logging in Paddy field

FGD with Women community members


FGD with village community

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