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VLAPX^ Jltocjlaosk, Ghfhrlaosk ljf Uhplrltosk2 Vdh Elsh cg Nlacedostlj FHE 9 >0<8

----- Croiojla Khsslih -----Grck2 Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur  Vc2 Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur  Uhjt2 Kcjfly, Fhehknhr 09, >0<8 <>26< PK

Uunbhet2 Jltocjlaosk, Ghfhrlaosk ljf Uhplrltosk2 Vdh Elsh cg Nlacedostlj - Ky Ojthrvohw wotd Iua Lwlr Mdlj

Fhlr Grohjfs Iuaa Lwlr Mdlj ojthrvohwhf kh. Vdh ojthrvohw wls ecjfuethf oj Klred >0<5. Lt tdhtokh Iuaa Lwlr Mdlj wls l rhshlred ghaacw lt Yhstkojsthr Xjovhrsoty ljf wls wcrmoji tcwlrfs lPdF, totahf, Jltocjlaosk, Ghfhrlaosk ljf Uhplrltosk2 Vdh Elsh cg Nlacedostlj oj Plmostlj. Vdhojthrvohw wls lufoc-rhecrfhf ljf nhacw wh prhshjt tdh trljseropt. 

‑Plmostlj dls jhvhr nhhj l Ghfhrltocj ljf jhvhr woaa nh.‛ Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur

Jltocjlaosk, Ghfhrlaosk ljf Uhplrltosk2 Vdh Elsh cg Nlacedostlj 

 ny Ojthrvohwhh2 Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur Ojthrvohwhr2 Iuaa Lwlr Mdlj Gorst Pcsthf2 <>-06-<8 07207 PK | Xpflthf2 <>-07-<8 <>2<6 LK

dttp2//jlmhfpujed.eck/lrtoeahs/>6>  

   Kr. Vlapur

   Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur oj <?49

Oj tdh glaa cg <?9<, Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur (KK Vlapur) fheofhf tc ahlvh dos aogh

ls l stufhjt tc ic struiiah gcr Nlaced roidts. Ojsporhf ny dos ujfhrstljfoji tdlt

ojbustoeh ljf jhiahet dlf laohjlthf tdh Nlaced phcpah, dh ghat tdos wls l tokh tc stljf

lacjisofh tdhk. Aottah fof dh mjcw tdlt tdos ecuaf nh tdh alst tokh dh wcuaf rhturjdckh ljf shh dos glkoay. Dh hjfhf up stlyoji wotd tdh Nlaced gcr tdh irhlthr plrt cg

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dos aogh, nctd oj Nlacedostlj ljf oj hxoah oj Lgidljostlj.

dttp2//www.tljqhhf.cri/>0<8/08/tdh-kk-tlapur-stcry-plrt-o/ 

Iuaa Lwlr Mdlj (ILM)2 Kor Uldon, nrohgay ojtrcfueh ycurshag.

Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur (KKLV)2 O lk Kor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur. O aovh dhrh oj Dyfhrlnlf Uojfd. Letulaay wh Vlapurs elkh dhrh oj Uojfd grck Nlacedostlj sckh 580 yhlrs lic. Vdhy dlvh lasc ruahfcvhr Uojfd gcr 70 yhlrs grck <945 tc <465 toaa tdh nlttah cg Koljo wdhj tdh Nrotosd fhghlthf tdh Vlapursljf tdh Nlaced dhrh. Nut tdh ojgauhjeh cg Vlapurs stoaa rhklojs oj Uojfd. Vdhy dlvh vhry iccf ljf cafrhaltocjs wotd tdh phcpah dhrh. Ctdhr fyjlstohs wdc ruahf oj Uojfd cr ctdhr lrhls, tdhor phcpah lrh jckcrh, nhelush phrdlps tdh Vlapurs shrvhf tdh phcpah, tdlt os wdy tdhy stoaa rhkloj dhrh.

 Ljf ky gltdhr ‟s pcaotoes wls lilojst tdh Nrotosd. Dh wls oj Mdlmsllr Vhdrhhm ljf (Laa Ojfol)Ecjirhss. Lgthr tdlt dh rhklojhf oj pcaotoes dhrh, kcstay oj cppcsotocj nut gcr l sdcrt phrocf cg tokh dhwls tdh Fhghjsh Kojosthr oj (Ihjhrla) Rol‟s rhiokh.

Grck <?9< tc <??< O wls wotd tdh Nlaced hspheolaay wotd tdh Klrro tronh. O aovhf oj Klrro lrhl ljf tdhjoj Lgidljostlj gcr <5 yhlrs ls l rhguihh. O elkh nlem oj <??<. Lgthr eckoji nlem O aovhf l quoht aogh ls

O, ny jlturh, aovh l quoht aogh.

O wroth wdhjhvhr O gcujf lj cppcrtujoty tc wroth. Prhvocusay O wrcth gcr Pcst wdoed ushf tc nh ossuhfgrck Aldcrh. Vdhj O wrcth ghw lrtoeahs gcr Flwj. Nut sojeh ky grohjf ljf ghaacw trlvhahr ^lsdhf^hdklj nhelkh hfotcr oj edohg cg Floay Vokhs O nhilj wrotoji gcr Floay Vokhs. O stoaa wroth gcr FloayVokhs. Vdltî₡℮s tdh lvceltocj O ihjhrlaay dlvh.

ILM2 Kor Uldon, ecuaf ycu sly sckhtdoji lncut Nlaced, wdc lrh tdhy3

KKLV2 Nlaced os l jltocj oj ots cwj roidt. Nlaced dostcry os fosputhf, wdhrh tdhy dlvh eckh grck,tdhor croioj. Vdhrh lrh quoth l ghw tdojis wdoed lrh jct shttahf yht. Gcr hxlkpah tdh Lrlns sly tdlt tdhNlaced lrh Lrln, o.h. tdhy ealok tdlt. Vdh pcojt os tdlt nhelush tdhy dlvh tdhor cwj aljiulih, tdhor

cwj dostcry, tdhor cwj euaturh, tdhy lrh l jltocj ny tdhkshavhs. Nlaced os l jltocj otshag.

Phcpah usulaay fcj‟t ujfhrstljf tdos. Vdhy kox ot up ls tdhy sly Nlacedo os l plrt cg Glrso cr Flro,sckhtdoji aomh tdlt. Nut oj glet Nlacedo, Flro, Murfo ljf Glrso lrh cg tdh slkh stcem, Ojfc-Hurcphljaljiulih stcem. Ot os ny otshag l aljiulih. Ot os jct lj cgg-sdcct cg sckhtdoji nut l aljiulih oj otshag.

 Ljf Nlaced os l jltocj. Ot lssukhf tdh stltus cg l jltocj, pcaotoela stltus ls l jltocj, ls euaturlaay otdls lawlys nhhj l jltocj ljf ot woaa rhkloj ls sued nut pcaotoelaay ot nhelkh l jltocj ujfhr JlshhrMdlj Jccro ljf lasc Fcst Kcdlkklf Mdlj oj Orljo Nlacedostlj.

Nlaced os fovofhf lt prhshjt ojtc kljy lrhls. Uckh plrts cg ot lrh ceeupohf ls Nlacedostlj ojPlmostlj, l plrt cg ot os oj Pujbln os ceeupohf ls Pujbln. O tdojm tdh pcpualtocj cg Nlaced oj Uojfd os

quoth l act. Ot os jct oj l kojcroty ls sued dhrh oj Uojfd ls whaa.

Uc, Nlaced os l jltocj euaturlaay, dostcroelaay ljf ihcirlpdoelaay ls whaa. Vdhy aovh cj tdhor cwjecjtoiucus ihcirlpdoela lrhl. Ot stlrts grck Uojfd ljf ot ichs laa tdh wly up toaa tdh plrts oj Orlj, Lgidljostlj lasc dls l alrih Nlaced pcpualtocj. Uc, Nlaced dostcroelaay, euaturlaay ljf ihcirlpdoelaaytdhy lrh l jltocj.

ILM2 Kor Uldon, tdhj tdh tdhcrosts sly tdlt tdh jltocjs lrh gcrkhf, stlths lrh gcrkhf, ljf wdhj oteckhs tc tdh ghfhrltocj, wdhrh tdhsh aojiula, htdjoe, jltocjla ircups eckh tcihtdhr ljf klmh lecjtrlet ljf tdhj l ghfhrltocj os gcrkhf wotd ecjshjt, Plmostlj os lasc l ghfhrltocj sojeh tdh <?69.Uc, wdlt os ycur cpojocj cj tdos dcw ot os gcrkhf cr wdlt ecjshjt3

KKLV2 Oj glet jc. Vdh Nlaced fof jc ecjshjt lt laa tc nh oj tdos ghfhrltocj. Nhelush, cj 6 td Luiust<?69 tdhrh wls l Utljfstoaa Lirhhkhjt nhtwhhj tdh Nrotosd, Plmostlj ljf Mdlj Mlalt= tdh Utljfstoaa Lirhhkhjt wdoed stlthf tdh stltus quc woaa nh klojtlojhf. Uojeh, tdh lirhhkhjt nhtwhhj tdh Nrotosd

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ljf Mlalt, O tdojm, oj <497, ujfhr tdlt trhlty Mlalt dlf spheola stltus ljf Utljfstoaa Lirhhkhjtleehpthf tdlt ljf Plmostlj wls l soijltcry tc ot. Vdhj cj << td  Luiust <?69 Mlalt wls fhealrhfojfhphjfhjt. Latdcuid ot wls cj tdh <8 td tdlt ot wls cggoeolaay ljjcujehf nut ot wls gorst ljjcujehf cj<<td ljf Laa Ojfol ^lfoc tcc rhpcrthf ot. Ljf _. N. Ghaa, tdh Gcrhoij Kojosthr cg Mlalt ljf O tdojm dh wlstdh Prokh Kojosthr ls whaa, oj dos nccm slys tdlt ojfhphjfhjeh cg Mlalt, ot wls Nlacedostlj, wlsljjcujehf cj <<td Luiust.

 Ljf ls glr ls ghfhrltocj os ecjehrjhf, ghfhrltocj jhhfs tc dlvh ecjshjt. Ljf ghfhrltocj dls tc lfkotljf leehpt tdh roidts cg tdh ghfhrltoji ujots. Nut dhrh tdlt dls jhvhr dlpphjhf. Ot wls jhvhrecjehovhf ls sued ny tdh phrscjs wdc ict tc ruah Plmostlj. Vdhy jhvhr wljthf ot. Og tdhy dlf wljthfl ghfhrltocj, tdhy wcuaf dlvh jhvhr slof tdlt, Bojjld wcuaf dlvh jhvhr slof oj Fdlml oj Klred <?64tdlt ot os Xrfu ljf Xrfu lacjh woaa nh tdh aljiulih cg tdos rhiocj, cg tdos jhw hjtoty. Ot jhvhr leehpthftdh ghfhrltoji ujots ls ujots. Ot wljthf tdh okpcsotocj cg ots cwj ofhcaciy.

Gcr hxlkpah tdhy lawlys hkpdlsozh tdlt nhelush cg Osalk ljf nhoji cg tdh slkh rhaoiocj ls nhojiKusaoks wh lrh l slkh jltocj. Nut ls Idlus Nlmdsd Nozljbc oj dos Fhehknhr <?69 sphhed oj tdhAcwhr Dcush cg Nlacedostlj slof tdlt, ‑og ot os sc tdlt tdh Kusaoks lrh l jltocj tdhj wdy jct klmh Lgidljostlj, Lrlns ljf laa ctdhrs l sojiah jltocj.‛ Uc, ot wls cj tdh glash prhkoshs= rhaoiocj nhoji lfhthrkojljt cg l jltocj. Plmostlj trohf tc okpcsh tdhor cwj ofhcaciy, tdhor cwj hstlnaosdkhjt ‟s ruahcvhr laa ctdhr ujots wdoed ojeaufhf Uojfd, Grcjtohr (JYGP) ljf Nlacedostlj. Pujbln jhvhr rhsosthf otls tdhy mjhw tdlt tdhy wcuaf lawlys fckojlth ot. Ljf Nhjilaos, tdhy tcc sugghrhf nhelush Plmostljjhvhr hjvoslihf l ghfhrltoji stlth. Ot wls lawlys l ujoty stlth, ot os stoaa jct l ghfhrltocj.

Gcr hxlkpah, latdcuid, tdh prhshjt sht up oj Nlacedostlj, tdh lsshknaohs, tdh icvhrjkhjt ljf laa tdlttdhy lrh vhry sunkossovh ljf lt tdh nhem ljf elaa cg tdh Plmostljo stlth. Nut tdhy tcc whrhj ‟tecjsuathf wdoah Iwlflr wls nhoji dljfhf cvhr tc Edojl. Uc, ot dls jhvhr nhhj l ghfhrltocj ljf otwoaa jhvhr nh l ghfhrltocj. Ot os bust dhrh, koidt os tdh roidt. Laa tdcsh wdc dlvh pcwhr fc wdlthvhrtdhy wljt. Ljf ls ycu shh Pujbln dls ict tdh lrky. Ljf slfay, tdh Grcjtohr Ecrps (GE) os laaPlsdtuj. Vdhy fcj‟t scrt cg sunseronh tc tdh ghfhrltocj. Vdhy fcj ‟t sunseronh tc tdh vohw cg lghfhrltocj. Plmostlj elj jhvhr nh l ghfhrltocj. Nhelush kcstay Pujbln, Kcstay nhelush cg Pujbln,tdhy wcuafj‟t leehpt ot. Vdhy dlvhj‟t hvhr leehpthf ot. Vdhy woaa jct leehpt ot.

ILM2 Vdhj Kor Uldon, wdlt lfvljtlihs ljf foslfvljtlihs fchs tdh Plmostljo ghfhrla strueturh dlvhgcr tdh Nlaced3

KKLV2 Fhgojothay, O fcj‟t tdojm tdhrh os ljy lfvljtlihs, LJ_ lfvljtlih gcr tdh Nlaced. Vdhrh dlsjhvhr nhhj ljy lfvljtlih gcr tdh Nlaced oj tdos ghfhrltocj. Nhelush, gcr hxlkpah, wdhj Mlalt wlsgcreonay ljjhxhf tc Plmostlj cj >9td Klred <?64, tdhj tcc tdhy fofj‟t iht tdhor roidts. Vdhj oj <?88 tdhCjh Xjot wls ljjcujehf. Vdlt wlsj‟t ljytdoji hash nut lj ltthkpt tc fhprovh hvhj tdh Nhjilaos cgtdhor klbcroty roidts. Nhelush, Yhst Plmostlj wls sckhtdoji ojecjehovlnah= ot wls jct lj hjtoty lssued. Nhelush, ghfhrltoji ujots whrh tdhrh. Hvhj og cjh ichs nlem tc tdh Plmostlj rhscautocj wdoedhjvoslihf ojfhphjfhjt stlths gcrkoji l ghfhrltocj. Nut jhvhr l Cjh Xjot ls sued tdhy wljthf. Ljftdlt dls nhhj tdh nljh cg tdos ecujtry. Nhelush, ojotolaay kojus Nlacedostlj, kojus Mlalt, nhelush,tdhy fofj‟t wljt tc shh ot ls lj ojfhphjfhjt stlth.

Vdhrh wls l act cg iccfwoaa gcr Plmostlj oj tdh ojotola stlihs up dhrh oj Uojfd. Vdh phcpah dhrhwhaeckhf tdh rhguihhs wotd lj cphj dhlrt ljf cphj lrks ljf ilvh tdhk palehs cvhr dhrh. Ot wlstdhor iccfwoaa. Vdhy rhlaay wljthf tdos tdoji tc dlpphj. Vdhy slw frhlks cvhr dhrh nut tdcsh frhlkswhrh sdltthrhf vhry sccj= ls sccj ls Bojjld slof tdlt ot os cjay Xrfu tdlt woaa nh tdh aljiulih, ljfAolqlt Lao ljf ctdhrs put gcrwlrf tdh Cnbhetovhs ^hscautocj. Vdhy stlrthf iovoji aljfs cvhr dhrh ljfroidts cvhr dhrh tc tdh Kcdlbors (Ojfolj rhguihhs) wdc elkh dhrh ljf ealokhf prcphrtohs cvhr dhrh.Uc tdh phcpah ujfhrstccf tdlt.

Oj Nlacedostlj tdhy‟vh jhvhr nhhj nhelush, ot wls jct cjay oj <?64 tdlt tdhrh wls lj lrky letocjnhelush Lidl Lnfua Mlrok whjt cgg ljf struiiahf oj Lgidljostlj ljf laa ctdhr Nlaced wdc whrhstruiiaoji. Kcst cg tdh Nlaced ahlfhrsdop, furoji tdlt phrocf wls lasc, aomh Kor Iua Mdlj Jlshhr,

Mdlor Nlmdsd Mdlj ljf ctdhrs whrh hotdhr mhpt oj hxoah oj Uojfd cr mhpt oj bloa dhrh oj Dyfhrlnlf.Udhr Kcdlkklf Klrro wls oj bloa, Lttl-uaald Khjila wls oj bloa. Ljf oj <?84 wdhj tdh Klrtola Alwwls okpcshf, tdhy okpcshf tdh Klrtola Alw cj tdh hxeush cg leeusoji Mdlj Mlalt tryoji tc shplrlth

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grck Plmostlj wotd lj lirhhkhjt ljf ecaalncrltoji wotd Lgidljostlj. Klrtola Alw wls okpcshf cjtdlt hxeush= tdlt tdh Mdlj cg Mlalt wljthf tc nrhlm up Plmostlj. Mdlj Mlalt wls okproscjhf= tdhKorhh (Mlalt Eoty) wls lttlemhf ljf accthf.

Ot wls tdhj tdlt Jlwln Jlurcz Mdlj ljf ctdhrs wdc gcuidt lacjisofh dok. Ljf ycu mjcw wdltdlpphjhf oj ecjshquhjeh cg tdlt. Jlwln Jlurcz Mdlj wls ojelrehrlthf ls whaa ls dos scjs. O tdojm

dos twc scjs ljf ctdhr grohjfs whrh ojelrehrlthf, sckh oj Dyfhrlnlf ljf sckh oj Uummur Bloa. Cj<8td Buay (<?70), lgthr sukklry trolas, tdhy whrh dljihf. Gcur cg tdhk oj Uummur ljf tdrhh cg tdhk ojDyfhrlnlf Bloa.

Uc, Plmostlj‟s ghfhrltocj, O ojsost tdlt ot dls jhvhr nhhj l ghfhrltocj. Vdlt os ky nlsoe lriukhjt tdlt otdls jhvhr nhhj l ghfhrltocj. Hvhj og, suppcshfay, bust gcr tdh lriukhjt ‟s slmh, ycu leehpt ot, ot dlsjhvhr dhaphf tdh ghfhrltoji ujots hxehpt gcr tdcsh wdc tdh ruaoji haoth wljthf tc nhjhgot. Vdhghfhrltocj dls jhvhr hxosthf cvhr dhrh. O fcj‟t suppcsh ot woaa hvhr eckh cvhr dhrh.

 Ljf Nlaced dlvh lawlys nhhj lt l foslfvljtlih oj tdos hjtorh dostcry sojeh >9 td Klred <?64, 78 yhlrssojeh tdlt.

ILM2 Kor Uldon, ls wh lrh tlamoji lncut tdh ghfhrltocj, wdlt lrh tdh klbcr prcnahks ljf irohvljehscg Nlaced ls tdhy lrh wotdoj tdh ghfhrltocj3 Ydlt fc Nlaced wljt3

KKLV2 O tdojm, gcr l acji tokh, Nlaced wljt ojfhphjfhjeh. Nhelush, ycu sdcuaf ujfhrstljf tdlt tdhNlaced, phcpah aomh Jlwln Mdlor Nlmdsd Mdlj cr Udhr Kcdlkklf Mdlj lawlys tlamhf lncutojfhphjfhjeh cjay. Vdhy lawlys fhkljfhf tdlt. Ljf O tdojm Nlaced stoaa wljt tdh slkh. Laa tdhkcvhkhjts aomh oj <?64 cg Lidl Lnfua Mlrok, oj <?84 Jlwln Jlurcz Mdlj ‟s, tdhj grck <?7> tc <?7?Udhr Kcdlkklf Mdlj ljf Lao Kcdlkklf Khjila ‟s. Vdhor lttotufh dlf irlfulaay dlrfhjhf ny tokh.Vdcsh wdc phrdlps fofj‟t wljt ojfhphjfhjeh cg Nlacedostlj grck Plmostlj nhgcrh, nut fuh tc tdhlttotufh cg Plmostlj whrh eckphaahf tc fhkljf ojfhphjfhjeh.

 Lkcji tdh ahlfhrs, ghw lawlys dlf tdh slkh pcsotocj tdlt Nlacedostlj sdcuaf nh ojfhphjfhjt. Gcrhxlkpah, Mdlor Nlmdsd Mdlj, ojotolaay phrdlps Idlus Nlmdsd Nozljbc wls lasc ojtc tdos nut dh sacwayedljihf dos stljfpcojt. Lttl-uaald wdc fchs jct shhk tc vohw ot tdh wly dh ushf tc. Nut tc tdh ahvhatdlt tdh kcvhkhjt cg Nlaced os icoji cj oj Nlacedostlj, tdh rhsostljeh lilojst Plmostlj, tdhyfcjî₡℮t lirhh tc ljytdoji sdcrt cg ojfhphjfhjeh. Vdhy cjay wljt ojfhphjfhjeh.

 Ljf ls ycu shh tdlt sojeh >008 tdh Nlaced kcvhkhjt dls hkhrihf wotd sued ojthjsoty cjeh liloj.Vdcusljfs cg phcpah lrh kossoji, ljf wotdoj alst tdrhh yhlrs kcrh tdlj 900 fhlf ncfohs dlvh nhhjfukphf dhrh, cg tdcsh wdc whrh lnfuethf ny tdh icvhrjkhjt. Hvhj tdh Uuprhkh Ecurt otshaglemjcwahfihs tdlt tdh ojthaaoihjeh lihjeohs ljf GE lrh ojvcavhf oj ot. O tdojm oj Nlacedostlj tdhrh lrhvhry ghw glkoaohs ahgt wdcsh grohjfs, rhaltovhs cr sckhcjh tdhy mjhw lrh jct hotdhr foslpphlrhf crmoaahf. Uc, O tdojm Nlaced lrh jct rhlfy tc tlam lncut ljytdoji sdcrt cg ojfhphjfhjeh.

ILM2  Kor Uldon, ls ycu slof laa Nlaced ahlfhrs wljthf lj ojfhphjfhjeh Nlacedostlj grck tdh

nhiojjoji. Nut og wh ic ojtc dostcry, oj <?70s Mdlor Nlmdsd wls plrt cg plraolkhjt, oj 90s Ulrflr Lttl-uaald Khjila nhelkh tdh Edohg Kojosthr, Idlus Nlmdsd Nozljbc wls Icvhrjcr. Uc, oj tdos phrsphetovhecuaf ycu prcvofh us wotd sckh glets3

KKLV2 Uor, letulaay oj tdlt phrocf cg tokh ecjseocusjhss ljf lwlmhjoji oj Nlaced jltocj wls jct lttdos ahvha. Yotd tcfly‟s tccas, sued ls sceola khfol, (klss) khfol ljf thedjcaciy, tdh wly ot os ushftc fhaovhr ycur vohws tc tdh phcpah ljf tdh wly phcpah rhspcjf tc tdhk whrh jct prhshjt lt tdlt tokh._cu kly ujfhrstljf tdlt wdhj Ruagoqlr Lao Nduttc shjt oj tdh lrky oj Nlacedostlj, oj Klrro lrhl, tdhKlrro lrhl ljf Uonno lrh jhxt tc hled ctdhr, tdhy ncrfhr. Ljf tdh sotultocj wls ls sued tdlt tdh wlrtdlt wls nhoji wlihf oj Klrro lrhls, ots jhws ecuafj ‟t rhled Uonno. Vcfly, ljytdoji dlpphjsljywdhrh roidt jcw, ot rhledhs lercss tdh wcraf ojstljtay. Vdhj tdh tccas, tdlt wdoed glvcrhf tdhk,whrh vhry aokothf.

Uc ujwoaaojiay, ujfhr tdos prhsukptocj tdlt og jctdoji kcrh, tdlj oj tdos wly sckh rhaohg kly nh iovhjtc tdh Nlaced, tdhy whrh lasc oj tdh plraolkhjt ljf Lttl-uaald elkh ojtc pcwhr nut ycu slw tdhy whrh

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jct tcahrlthf gcr kcrh tdlj jojh cr thj kcjtds. Vdhy whrh jct tcahrlthf kcrh tdlj tdlt. Ljf tdhyfoskosshf tdhk wotd fczhjs cg laahiltocjs lilojst tdhk ojeaufoji tdh Orlqo-Lrks-Gojf. Vdh Orlqo kljdokshag wls l ULYLM lihjt wdc nrcuidt (tdh whlpcjs) oj dhrh. Ljf wdhj tdh lrks rhledhf ojMlrledo gorst, tdhy (tdh Icvhrjkhjt) mjhw lncut ot. ^lgo ^lzl wls l kojosthr tdhj ljf l vhry eacshecjgofljth cg Nduttc, dh tcaf us lncut ot. Ydhj tdhy rhledhf Mlrledo, tdhy mjhw lncut ot ljf tdhygleoaotlthf tdh trljspcrt tc tdh Orlqo ecjsualth oj Osalklnlf. Ljf tdhy whjt oj tdhrh wotd l khfol sdcw

ljf tdhj leeushf tdh jltocjlaosts gcr ot.

Uc, fogghrhjt tokhs jhhf fogghrhjt gcrks cg struiiah. Ljf ot wls l ecjtojultocj. Mdlor Nlmdsd dls nhhjujeckprckosoji, cj dos stljf, dh dls nhhj ujeckprckosoji. Dh lawlys stccf ny tdlt. ^hst cg laactdhrs wlvhrhf ljf rhvhrthf tc tdos ljf tdlt. O tdojm Mdlor Nlmdsd Mdlj rhklojhf ljf stoaa os cj tdltslkh (stljeh).

ILM2 Liloj tdh quhstocj woaa nh lncut tdh slkh tdlt kljy Nlaced jltocjlaosts whrh oj ecjgrcjtltocjwotd tdh Plmostljo ghfhrltocj oj 60s, 80s, 70s, 90s, ljf tdhj tdh prhshjt cjh. Uc, oj ycur cpojocj tdosecjgaoet os l ecjtojultocj cr tdhy dlf fogghrhjt cnbhetovhs3

KKLV2 O tdojm ot os l ecjtojultocj cg tdh slkh. Uuppcsh og Lidl Lnfua Mlrok dlfj ‟t gcuidt tdhj tdh

wlr cg Jlurcz Mdlj wcuafj‟t dlvh dlpphjhf. Og Jlurcz Mdlj dlfj‟t gcuidt tdhj Udhr KcdlkklfMdlj phrdlps wcuafj‟t dlvh gcuidt. Ljf og Udhr Kcdlkklf dlfj ‟t gcuidt, <?95‟s ecjgaoet wcuafj‟tdlvh ceeurrhf. Nut cjh tdoji os eahlr tdlt hled cg tdh struiiahs dlf nhhj cj l qulaotltovhay doidhrstlih. Ot dls rloshf otshag ljf nheckh kcrh okpcrtljt ljf hvhj kcrh wofhsprhlf. O khlj oj <?64wdhj Lidl Lnfua Mlrok rcsh up, tdhy whrh cjay twc tc tdrhh dujfrhf phcpah. Ydhj Jlurcz Mdljgcuidt, tdhy whrh ghw tdcusljfs. Vdhj Udhr Kcdlkklf Mdlj, Lttl-uaald Mdlj ljf Lao KcdlkklfKhjila gcuidt, ot wls kued kcrh tdlj tdlt. Ljf wdhj tdh <?95 ojsurihjey tccm paleh, ot wls lilojkcrh ojthjsh, kcrh wofhsprhlf, tc tcc kljy lrhls, ojeaufoji Klmrlj, Khjila lrhls, Klrro lrhls ljfNcalj o.h. ot wls kcrh wofhsprhlf.

 Ljf jcw tdh sotultocj os ls sued tdlt hvhj oj \uhttl jc cjh rheoths tdhor ljtdhk oj sedccas.

ILM2 Kor Uldon, duklj nhojis aovh tcihtdhr, ghfhrltocjs ljf ecujtrohs lrh gcrkhf ljf nrcmhj up,

prcnahks lrosh, ljf hvhry prcnahk dls l scautocj. Uc, oj ycur vohw, os tdhrh ljy scautocj gcr tdhNlaced prcnahk3 Elj ot nh scavhf wotdoj tdh Plmostljo ghfhrltocj cr wotdcut ot3

KKLV2 O elj ljswhr tdos grck ky sofh cjay. Ydhrhls, O dlvh nhhj l plrt cg Nlaced kcvhkhjt ljfstoaa lk. ^hehjtay tdhrh wls Mlrledo Aothrlry Ghstovla wdhrh Kcdlkklf Dljog Uldon ‟s nccm wlsalujedhf, oj ot O slof oj ky ojtrcfuetocj tdlt tcfly‟s sotultocj os sued tdlt O sdcuaf dlvh nhhj oj tdhkcujtlojs, nut nhoji lihf O lk jct tdhrh ljf O qucthf Edlorklj Klc tdlt2 ‑Ylr os ecjtojultocj cgpcaotoes ny ctdhr khljs.‛• Uc, oj ky vohw wrotoji os ecjtojultocj cg wlr ny ctdhr khljs. O stoaa ecjtojuhgoidtoji. O tdojm tdh acsshs tdlt Nlaced dlf sugghrhf, tdh hxehssovh voetokozltocj cg Nlaced gcr tdh alst78 yhlrs, tdcsh wdc sofh wotd Plmostlj, phcpah aomh ^losljo, Fr. Klaom cr Fr. Dlo, ycu mjcw tdhk laa,tdcsh wdc fc tdh ghfhrltocj pcaotoes, tdhy cjay wljt tdlt tdhy sdcuaf iht tdh erukns. O khlj ljytdojitdlt glaas grck ghfhrltocj‟s tlnah tdhy sdcuaf dlvh ot. Nut O tdojm rhst cg tdh Nlaced elj ‟t hvhj okliojhtdlt Nlacedostlj wcuaf rhkloj oj tdh ghfhrltocj.

 Ls ycu mjcw O aovh oj Uojfd. Vdh phcpah cg Klrro tronh wdck O tluidt oj Lgidljostlj, O wls rhalthf tctdhk, O wls plrt cg tdhk ljf tdhy whrh plrt cg kh, <7 cg tdhk whrh lnfuethf ljf tdhor fhlf ncfohsfukphf. Ydlt wcuaf O tdojm lncut Plmostlj3 Vdh ecjjhetocj O dlf wotd tdhk tdlt tdhy whrh bust kystufhjts, dcw lncut tdh phcpah wdc lrh sugghroji grck ltrceotohs. Ot os jct sc tdlt tdhrh dls nhhj lehlshgorh. Vdhrh dls jhvhr nhhj l ehlshgorh.

_hsthrfly cj Vwotthr Dlkof Kor twhhthf cj Mduzflr tdlt tdh tdrhh ycuji ncys dh ojthrvohwhf whrhfoslpphlrhf. Ljf tdos os dlpphjoji hvhry fly tdlt phcpah lrh foslpphlrhf. Vhj twhavh phcpah tdlt Ophrscjlaay mjcw lrh stoaa kossoji. Vdhrh wls l klj jlkhf Jllro Mhhdlr, dh os kossoji. Ky stufhjtFr. Lmnlr Klrro, wdcsh slalrohs hte. whrh iovhj tc dos glkoay cj tdh crfhr cg Uuprhkh Ecurt, dh os lasckossoji. Vdhrh os sckhcjh oj Dun O mjcw, l <9 yhlrs caf ncy wdcsh OF elrf (JOE) os jct ossuhf yht,

whjt tc tdh ecurt gcr dos nrctdhr ‟s dhlroji. Dos nrctdhr wls foslpphlrhf gorst tdhj tdhy sdcwhf dok oj

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 bloa wotd laahiltocjs. Dh whjt gcr dos nrctdhr ‟s dhlroji, wdoah rhturjoji grck tdh ecurt= dh wls lnfuethfjhlr Ullmurlj Pcaoeh Utltocj oj Dun.Î Dos wdhrhlncuts lrh stoaa ujmjcwj. Ot dlpphjhf alst yhlr.

Uc, ujfhr sued eoreukstljehs wdlt wcuaf ycu hxphet cg phcpah tdlt tdhy woaa lirhh tc rhkloj wotdPlmostlj3 O tdojm ot os hxphetoji tcc kued cg tdhk. Vdlt fhspoth ujfhr sued eoreukstljehs ljf laa tdhltrceotohs, ycu wcuaf hxphet cg phcpah tdlt tdhy wcuaf stoaa rhkloj wotd Plmostlj3 Ls Kcdlkklf Dljog

slof oj dos ojthrvohw tdlt, ‑ot os aomh ycu puaa phcpahs‟ jloas cgg oj tdh joidt ljf hxphet tdhk tc edljtsaciljs cg —Acji Aovh Plmostlj‟ oj tdh kcrjoji.‛•  Vdos elj jhvhr dlpphj.

ILM2 Kor Uldon, aht us ic nlem ojtc dostcry liloj. Yh slw tdlt grck <?99 up tc >000, ot os l phrocfwdhj tdos fosecjtojuhf tc sckh hxthjt nut fchsj ‟t dlpphj lt laa. Lgthr <?99 furoji tdh Rol rhiokh lpcaotoela prcehss nhiojs toaa tdh eckoji cg Kusdlrrlg. Yls tdos elak lj leeckkcfltocj tc bcoj tdhghfhrltocj cr sckhtdoji hash3

KKLV2 Oj ky cpojocj, jc. Phcpah sly sc tdlt ot wls lj leeckkcfltocj nut ycu tdojm tdlt wh <5 tc <6tdcusljf Nlaced wdc stlyhf nlem oj Lgidljostlj, wdy tdhy stlyhf nlem3 Mdlor Nlmdsd Mdlj, UdhrKcdlkklf Mdlj, Kor Dlzlr Mdlj ^lkmljo, ljf ahsshr wcrmhrs aomh us, tdhy stlyhf oj Lgidljostljup toaa <??< ljf <??> ls acji ls Jlbhhn‟s icvhrjkhjt wls jct custhf. Yhrh tdhy suppcrtoji tdh

ghfhrltocj3 O tdojm tdhy whrhj‟t. _cu kly sly tdlt ot wls gcr ecjshrvoji cg gcrehs. Og tdhy dlfeckpahthay eckprckoshf wotd ghfhrltocj. nhelush oj <?99 wdhj lkjhsty wls ljjcujehf ny Rol,tdcsh wdc wljthf tc eckprckosh, tdcsh wdc wljthf tc rhkloj wotd tdh ghfhrltocj, gcr hxlkpah2Khdruaald Khjila, Lsalk Ioedmo, Ala Nlmdsd ^ojf, ljf Nozljbc ‟s phcpah, wdc whrh tdhrh, tdhy laaelkh nlem.

Mdlor Nlmdsd Mdlj dlfj‟t eckh tc Lgidljostlj yht, nut Kor Dlzlr Mdlj wls tdhrh, ljf wh tdhpcaotoela phcpah wdc whrh tdhrh, tdhy fheofhf tdlt wh fcj ‟t leehpt tdos lkjhsty nhelush wh woaaledohvh jctdoji ny tdos lkjhsty. Ljf jctdoji wls ledohvhf. _hs, tdcsh wdc elkh nlem kly dlvhict sckh bcns, sckh ecjtrlets. Vdhrh wls l elak nut tc sly tdlt laa dlf icjh tc sahhp. Phcpah dlfj ‟ticjh tc sahhp. Nhelush, tdh prhshjeh cg tdlt kljy Nlaced stlyoji nlem oj Lgidljostlj, ljf oijcrojiljf rhbhetoji tdhor lkjhsty os l scaof lriukhjt tdlt tdos tdoji wls jct gojosdhf. Latdcuid phcpah sly otwls gojosdhf.

ILM2 Vdhj sor, ls ycu khjtocjhf lncut tdh plraolkhjtlroljs, Jltocjla Plrty, NJP-Lwlko ljf NJP-Khjila, ljf tdcsh gcrehs wdoed whrh oj Lgidljostlj, sckh cg tdhk lrh stoaa oj tdh kcujtlojs, og whshh ot oj tdos phrsphetovh, wh fcj ‟t shh ljy fogghrhjeh oj Nlaced jltocjlaosk, wdhtdhr ot os oj twc gcrkscr sckhtdoji fogghrhjt3

KKLV2 Nlaced jltocjlaosk os fhgojothay fogghrhjt nhelush tdhrh lrh twc nhdlvocrs. Vdhrh lrh typhs cgjltocjlaosts wdc ush tdh jlkh cg Nlaced ljf lequorh icvhrjkhjt ljf ecjtrlets grck tdh ghfhrltocjljf shhm nhjhgots gcr tdhkshavhs. Vdos os cjh gcrk cg jltocjlaosk, tdh ecrrupt gcrk cg jltocjlaosk,hxpacotoji tdh jlkh cg jltocjlaosk. Vdhy laa tlam. Fr. Klaom lasc tlams lncut phcpah, sc fchs Fr. Dloljf Lmdtlr Khjila. Nut tdhy dlvh vhry aokothf lok ls sued oj wdoed phcpah dlvh jc rcah. Vdhy dlvhtdhor rcah nut jct phcpah‟s. Vdhy lrh jct wotd tdh ghfhrltocj gcr tdh whaglrh cg phcpah nut gcr tdh whaanhoji cg tdhkshavhs.

Cj tdh ctdhr sofh lrh phcpah aomh Fr. Laald Jlzlr, Nrldkflid‟s phcpah cr Mdlor Nlmdsd‟s phcpah.Ydhtdhr ycu elaa tdhk Mdlor Nlmdsd‟s phcpah, ny Mdlor Nlmdsd Mdlj O khlj dos gcaacwhr wdc tdojmtdos os tdh roidt pltd. Vdlt os tdh nrljf cg jltocjlaosk wdoed rhlaay kltthrs gcr Nlacedostlj tcfly.

_cu elj iuhss ls O sly tc tdh phcpah tdlt og Lidl Mlrok dlfj‟t tlmhj up lrks oj <?64 tdhj JlurczMdlj wcuaf‟vh jct poemhf up lrk. O khlj tdh shrohs cg tlmoji up lrks. Uc, ycu elj ‟t okliojh wdltmojf cg liirhssocj Nlacedostlj wcuaf dlvh glehf. O khlj tdh fhkcirlpdoe edljihs. Vdos os tdh ghlrtdlt prhvhjts phcpah icoji oj tdhrh. Ctdhrwosh, laa cg tdh Nodlros, tdh hxtrl pcpualtocj cg Pujbln, ljftdh Xrfu sphlmoji phcpah dhrh, wcuaf dlvh ceeupohf Nlacedostlj. Vdos wls cjay tdh ghlr tdlt tdhy woaajct tcahrlth us tdhrh. Ctdhrwosh, ot wcuaf dlvh elushf fhkcirlpdoe edljihs lt l irljf selah. Ljfdcw kljy Nlaced lrh tdhrh3 Cjay oj Nlacedostlj tdh pcpualtocj cg Nlaced os govh koaaocj. Vhj, twhavh

koaaocj phcpah wcuaf dlvh icjh tdhrh. Fhkcirlpdoelaay tdhy wcuaf dlvh nhhj gojosdhf. Ls tdhy lrhklmoji sued ltthkpts oj Iwlflr cr tdhy dlvh erhlthf lj ojfustrola lrhl oj Dun.

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Uc, fhgojothay tdhrh lrh twc nrljfs cg jltocjlaosk. Cjh os tdh cppcrtujost jltocjlaosk tdlt rhklojswotd ghfhrltocj gcr ots cwj nhjhgots. Ljf tdh ctdhr wdoed os tdh truh gcrk cg jltocjlaosk. _cu kly slytdos jltocjlaosk os aomh2 tdcsh wdc wljt nh whaa-ghf salvhs ljf tdh ctdhrs wdc wljt tc rhkloj dujirynut grhh. Fhgojothay tdhrh lrh twc trhjfs cg jltocjlaosk oj Nlacedostlj tcfly.

ILM2 Kor Uldon, ot dls nhhj slof tdlt Plmostljo stlth os oj eckpahth fhjola ljf ot os cg tdh cpojocj tdlt

ghw Nlaced slrflrs  cr tronla edohgs lrh rhspcjsonah gcr tdh Nlaced prcnahk ctdhrwosh tdhrh os jcNlaced prcnahk. Ot dls nhhj erhlthf ny Nlaced slrflrs.

KKLV2  Vdlt os tdh cggoeola jlrrltovh. O tdojm lt prhshjt ??% cg slrflrs  oj Nlacedostlj lrh wotd tdhicvhrjkhjt. Gcr hxlkpah ^losljo, Udldwljo ljf rhst cg laa slrflrs lrh wotd tdh ghfhrltocj. Jcw, wdytdhrh dlsj‟t nhhj ljy fhvhacpkhjt oj tdhor lrhls3 Vdhy kcstay nalkh tdrhh slrflrs. Lmnlr bcojhf lttdh hjf. Lmnlr laacwhf tdh Uuo ils hxtrletocj ljf hvhrytdoji hash.

Vdhy nalkh Lttl-uaald, Mdlor Nlmdsd ljf Lmnlr tdlt tdhsh tdrhh slrflrs fcj‟t sunkot. Lmnlr ushf tcsunkot. Dh nhelkh tdh icvhrjcr ls whaa oj <?95. Nut Lttl-uaald os lasc jct lkcji tdh ‑koserhljt‛ slrflrs ljykcrh. Uc, wdlt os tdh rhlscj tdhrh dlvhj‟t nhhj ljy prcirhss3 Vdhrh lrh jc slrflrs ojKlmrlj, tdhrh dlsj‟t nhhj ljy mojf cg prcirhss tdhrh. Ahlvh tdlt tcc lsofh. Vdh pcvhrty oj ^ldok _lr

Mdlj cr tdh pcvhrty oj Mlrledo ‟s sauk lrhls cr pcvhrty oj Dyfhrlnlf ljf oj rurla lrhls cg Uojfd, lrhNlaced slrflrs rhspcjsonah gcr laa tdlt tcc3 Vdhy klmh alkh hxeushs. O khlj gluaty elrphjthr lawlysnalkhs dos tccas. Ydhj tdhy elj‟t gojf ljy hxeush tc dofh tdhor gcaaohs, ojeckphthjeh ljf ecrruptocj,tdhy nalkh Nlaced slrflrs. Udcuaf tdh Nlaced slrflrs  rhlaay nh dhaf rhspcjsonah gcr tdh pcvhrty ojUojfd ljf Mlrledo tcc3

 Ljf hvhj tdcsh slrflrs wdc lrh wotd tdh icvhrjkhjt, tdhor sotultocj os pltdhtoe= Jlwln Jlusdhrwljocg Mdlrlj dls goahf l wrot oj Nlacedostlj Doid Ecurt tdlt tdh Plmostljo icvhrjkhjt dls laacwhf Udhomdcg Funlo Rlof Noj Jldylj tc dujt Dcunlrl nustlrfs oj Ylsdum ljf Mdlrlj. Ydhjhvhr tdhy eckh gcrtdh dujt, tdhor phrscjjha sht up pcsts, tdh glrkhrs tdhrh elj‟t ic tc tdhor glrks, elj‟t ush tdhor wlthrstrhlks. Vdhy lrh fcoji tdos tc tdcsh slrflrs wdc oj <?64, tdh Jlwln cg Mdlrlj ljf Klmrlj, whrhlkcji tdh gorst tc soij tdh Ojstrukhjt cg Leehssocj wotd Plmostlj. Ot wls tdhj cj tdlt nlsos tdltBojjld gcrehf Ldklf _lr Mdlj tc soij. Uc, tdhy lrh fcoji tdos tc tdcsh wdc dlvh shrvhf tdhk. Vdhy

lrh gcrehf tc goah l wrot oj Nlacedostlj Doid Ecurt tdlt tdhsh Lrlns eckh dhrh= tdhy fcj ‟t laacw us aovhdhrh. Vdhy fc wdlthvhr tdhy wljt ljf wh lrh dhapahss. Os tdos lasc tdh gluat cg slrflrs3

Og ycu accm lt tdh klp, Plmostlj dls ossuhf 50 phrkots tc Lrln ruahrs, oj dcw vlst lrhls cgNlacedostlj tdhy dujt. Udcuaf tdos lasc nh lffhf tc tdh Nlaced slrflrs‟   sojs3 Vdh hlsohst wly os tcsdogt tdh nalkh. Letulaay tdos cggoeola jlrrltovh dls nhhj vhry hgghetovh tc tdh hxthjt tdlt phcpah rhlaaynhaohvh tdlt laa tdlt os wrcji oj Nlacedostlj os fuh tc Nlaced slrflrs. Vdos os tdh cggoeola jlrrltovh. Vdhydlvh projthf laa tdh thxt nccms, tdhy dlvh tluidt tdh edoafrhj wd lthvhr tdhyî₡℮vh ahlrjt gcr tdh alst78 yhlrs. Vdhy dlf tdh rlfoc, tdhy dlf tdh thahvosocj, tdhy dlf hvhrytdoji ljf stoaa tdhy dlvh ot laa.

Vdh lathrjlth vohw os rlrhay prhshjthf. Dcw kljy phcpah rhlf kh3 O, wdc klmhs duh ljf ery, dcwkljy, wcuaf rhlf kh3 >000, 6000, 8000, <0000. O tdojm O lk hxliihrltoji, tdos os tcc kued.Nhelush, ot ichs cj ojthrjht, dcw kljy phcpah wcuaf rhlf ot tdhrh ljf dcw kued ot os sprhlf. Nuttdhor jlrrltovh os ecjsosthjtay icoji cj tdlt tdos os slrflrs‟   gluat. Ulrflrs dlvh erhlthf tdhsh prcnahksljf wh lrh eahlj ljf ojjcehjt.

ILM2 Uor, og wh accm lt tdh fhvhacphf lrhls oj tdh rhst cg Plmostlj, og Nlacedostlj thrrotcrolaay wcuafdlvh nhhj fhvhacphf wotd rclfs, dcspotlas, ecaahihs hte. sc tdhj Nlaced wcuaf dlvh nhhj stoaa tdhrhwdhrh tdhy lrh tcfly cr sckhtdoji wcuaf dlvh nhhj edljihf3 Og tdhy wcuaf dlvh okpahkhjthf tdh<?60 ^hscautocj oj wdoed ot wls slof tdlt hxehpt gcr gcur tdojis wotd tdh ehjthr rhst woaa nh iovhj tc tdhujots.

KKLV2 Letulaay ot os l dypctdhtoela quhstocj, ‑Og ot dlf nhhj sc3‛•  Oj glet tdhy jhvhr wljthf tc fc ot. Okhlj tdhy larhlfy jhvhr dlf tdh ojthjtocj tc fc sc. Og tdhy dlf ojthjfhf sc tdhy wcuaf dlvh fcjh ot.Vdhy wcuaf dlvh fcjh sckhtdoji. Og ycu accm lt tdh Duklj Fhvhacpkhjt Ojfhx, tdh kcst nlemwlrfs

fostroets oj Plmostlj lrh oj Nlacedostlj. Ahlvh \uhttl lsofh, nhelush, ot os tdh ilrroscj eoty. Ls tdhydlvh erhlthf tdh Nhjlzor Ojeckh Uuppcrt Uedhkh tc iovh kcjhy, leecrfoji tc tdhor survhy, ljf tdhy

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lrh jct ujnolshf, tdhy lrh nolshf= hvhj tdhy sly tdlt 77% glkoaohs sdcuaf nh iovhj tdos suppcrt. O lkcg tdh cpojocj tdlt tdhy lrh ujfhrhstokltoji ot.

_cu shh, oj tdh alst 78 yhlrs, tdhrh dlsj ‟t nhhj wlr oj laa tdh lrhls. Gcr hxlkpah, oj Klmrlj tdhrhwlsj‟t ljy wlr nhgcrh tdos. Vdcsh wdc lrh goidtoji oj Vurnlt cr Kljf ljf rhst cg tdh lrhls, ot wlsj ‟ttdhrh tdhj. Ydlt tdhy dlvh fcjh tdhrh3 Vdhy jhvhr wljthf tc fc ot. Vdhy dlf paljjhf tc nuoaf

ujovhrsotohs hte. Ls Dlkof Kor wls prhshjtoji oj dos prcirlk. Vdhy dlvh ehjscrhf ot. Vdh Dlkof Korprcirlk wdoed rlj fly nhgcrh yhsthrfly, dhrh lt ahlst oj Dyfhrlnlf, tdh elnah wls iovoji JCUOIJLA. Furoji tdh lfvhrtoshkhjt tdh Ihc VW Edljjha wls gojh nut wdhjhvhr tdhy stlrthf tlamojitdhrh wls JC UOIJLA. Vdh ncys slof tdlt ghlr prhvloas lrcujf dhrh. Vhledhr slof ihjhrltcrs fcj ‟twcrm, wh fcj‟t dlvh hahetroeoty. Vdos os tdh sotultocj cg tdh lrhl wdhrh ^losljos aovh.

ILM2 Uc, Kor Uldon, cj cjh dljf tdhrh os Nlaced jltocjlaosk ljf cj tdh ctdhr Plmostljo ghfhrltocj,tdhrh os kostrust, (KKLV2 Fhgojothay, tdhrh os lj ujnrofihlnah ilp cg kostrust.) sc, dcw fc ycu shh tdhguturh cg Nlaced jltocjlaosk ljf guturh cg Plmostlj3 Aht kh put tdh quhstocj oj l fogghrhjt wly2ghfhrltocj os strcji, ot dls lj lrky ljf hvhrytdoji, ljf tdh Nlaced lrh fovofhf, sc ujfhr tdhsheoreukstljehs dcw fc ycu tdh shh tdh guturh cg Nlaced jltocjlaosk ljf Plmostljo ghfhrltocj3

KKLV2  Uor, jcw tdh hahkhjt cg rhaoiocj oj tdh ghfhrltocj dls nhhj ojtrcfuehf. Ljf tdh rhaoiocushxtrhkosk tdlt os nhoji kljoghsthf, oj ljy wly, ot eljjct nh ecjfueovh tc strhjitdhj ot. Nhelush cgtdh kljy pcwhr ehjthrs tdlt tdhy tdhkshavhs dlvh erhlthf= tdhrh lrh tcc kljy pcwhr ehjthrs. Gcrhxlkpah, Vlaonlj, Alsdmlr-h-Bdljivo, K\K (Kcdlbor/Kuttldofl \lcko Kcvhkhjt) cr rhst cg laa tdltlrh tdhrh, laa tdhsh pcwhr ehjthrs tdlt tdhy dlvh erhlthf, og oj ljy rhiocj, dckh cr ecujtry, elaaoji tdosl ecujtry os ujglor nhelush l ecujtry dls ehrtloj qulaogoeltocjs, nut oj elsh og wh ecuaf elaa ot l ecujtrycr l stlth, wotd tdh hxosthjeh cg sc kljy pcwhr ehjthrs, wdoed dls sc kljy ehjtroguila gcrehs tcnrhlm ot lplrt tdhj O tdojm ot wcuaf nh vhry foggoeuat gcr ot tc survovh.

 Ljf Nlaced jltocjlaosk os lasc l plrt cg ot. O khlj tdhor struiiah dhrh. Ljf tc Nlaced jltocjlaosk ycukly sly tdlt ot os l fhvhacpoji gcreh. Kljy phcpah lrh bcojoji oj, tlmoji plrt. Ls ycu dlvh shhj tdltsojeh >008 ot dlsj‟t fheaojhf nut ircwj.

Gcr hxlkpah, tdh rlaay tdlt Nlaced Jltocjla Grcjt dls criljozhf oj Mlrledo cj <0 td Ghnrulry, oj wdoed Otdojm tdhy elrrohf l <8 tc >0 khthrs acji gali cg Nlacedostlj ljf wotd palelrfs wotd sokpah saciljstdlt, ‑Yh Yljt Grhhfck.‛  Ljf tdh kcst okpcrtljt tdoji os tdlt tdhrh wls l duih plrtoeopltocj cgNlaced wckhj oj tdlt rlaay. _cu kly sly tdlt tdh jlturh cg Nlaced jltocjlaosk dls edljihf tdltphcpah oj Mlrledo, rhilrfahss cg tdh ecjshquhjehs tdhy kly gleh, tlam lncut grhhfck, criljozhgrhhfck rlaay, ljf elrry sued l duih gali wotd tdhk. O tdojm Nlaced jltocjlaosk os irlfulaay ircwoji. Ogjctdoji hash tdhj ot os icoji tc nh l acji wlr cg lttrotocj, ls tdhy sly.

Vdhrh os ljctdhr hahkhjt tdlt Nlacedostlj os jcw osjî₡℮t ecjgojhf tc tdos rhiocj lacjh. Jcw tdhgcrhoij ecujtrohs lasc ujfhrstljf ot. Vdhy cnshrvh ot. Vdhy tlam lncut ot. O fcj ‟t iovh kued okpcrtljehtc ^cdrlnledhr ‟s (XU shjltcr) sphhedhs nut ljydcw tdhsh lrh plrt cg ot. Cr tdh XJPC ‟s(Xjrhprhshjthf Jltocjs ljf Phcpah‟  Criljozltocj) ecjghrhjeh ecjvhjhf oj Acjfcj rhehjtay. Uctdhsh laa lrh plrt cg ot ljf soijs cg Nlaced jltocjla kcvhkhjt‟s ircwtd.

ILM2 Kor Uldon, ycu ushf l wcrf, O lk jct tlamoji lncut tdh wcrf nut ihjhrlaay, ls tdh Mlsdkoroslasc sly, ‑Yh Yljt Grhhfck‛, ‑Grhh Nlacedostlj‛, wdlt grhhfck3 Ecjtrca cvhr rhscurehs3 Ecjtrcacvhr tdh eclst3 Ecjtrcaaoji tdhor cwj lgglors wdoah aovoji cj tdhor cwj aljf3 Cr ny ‑Grhhfck‛  tdhykhlj l eckpahthay scvhrhoij ecujtry3

KKLV2 O tdojm jcw tdhy wljt lj ojfhphjfhjt scvhrhoij ecujtry.

ILM2 Uc, Kor Uldon, oj tdos phrsphetovh, cj cjh sofh tdhrh os Orlj, Uostlj-wl-Nlacedostlj‟s lrhl, cjcjh sofh Lgidljostlj‟s Doakljf Jlkrcz lrhl, ljf tdhj Nlaced tdhkshavhs, ls ycu slof ycu lrh aovojidhrh gcr tdh alst tdrhh dujfrhf yhlrs, tdhrh lrh tcc kljy ctdhr Nlaced oj Uojfd, lasc oj Pujbln, ojGrcjtohr (JYGP) tcc, sc Nlaced wcuaf nh kcrh fovofhf og lj ojfhphjfhjt Nlacedostlj os gcrkhf. Vdhj

twc stlths lrh tdhy (Orlj ljf Lgidljostlj), tdorf wcuaf nh tdos cjh, og Nlacedostlj nheckhs

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ojfhphjfhjt, ot wcuaf nh l dcstoah ecujtry, sc dcw tdh Nlaced stlth woaa survovh lkcji laa tdhsh3 Dcwfc ycu shh ots guturh3

KKLV2 Oj glet tdos quhstocj wls lasc rloshf ny Lttl-uaald Khjila. _cu kly rhkhknhr3 (ILM2 _hs, Ofc.) Dh slof tdlt, ‑Vdhy tlam lncut ojfhphjfhjeh cg Nlacedostlj, og ot nheckhs ojfhphjfhjt tdhjwdhtdhr tdhy woaa nh lnah tc klojtloj ot cr jct.‛•   Oj ky hrrcjhcus cpojocj tdlt, ‑wh woaa ercss tdh

nrofih wdhj wh eckh tc tdh nrofih.‛ Ydhj wh rhled tdh nrofih tdhj wh woaa tdojm lncut ercssoji ot.Yh dlvhj‟t rhledhf tdh nrofih yht wh lrh erhltoji khjtla nacems larhlfy. Erhltoji cnstleahs tdlt tdoskoidt dlpphj cr tdlt koidt dlpphj.

_cu kly okliojh tdlt Funlo, oj <?9< wdhj Nrotloj aht ot ic cut cg ots prcthetcrlth, wdlt fc ycu tdojmFunlo accmhf aomh3 Oj Funlo tdhy ushf Ojfolj eurrhjey. Ljf tdhrh whrh sljf fujhs ljf vhry ghwsklaa nuoafojis lrcujf. Vcfly, Funlo os lj ojthrjltocjla eoty ljf tdh Hkorlths paly l erueola rcah ojwcraf hecjcky. Orlj fofj‟t wljt laa tdos tc nh. Ot slof tdlt tdhsh lrhls lrh kojh. _cu kly jct nh cafhjcuid nut Orlj fofj‟t lirhh cj ot ljf ojsosthf tdlt tdhsh lrh ky plrts. Orlj lasc ghat tdrhlthjhf.

 Ljf O tdojm Nlaced lrh klredoji tcwlrfs tdh slkh. Og Nlacedostlj nheckhs ojfhphjfhjt tdhj fcj‟tycu tdojm tdlt, wotd sued vlst rhscurehs, phcpah cg Nlacedostlj wcj ‟t nh lnah tc klojtloj tdhkshavhs3

O tdojm tdhy woaa ljf woaa prcirhss, ljf tdhy woaa prcthet tdhkshavhs. O fcj ‟t fhjy tdh glet tdlt tdh^losljos ljf kljy ctdhr sued phcpah wdc cppcsh ot. Gcr hxlkpah, Udlgoq Khjila cr Jlshhr Khjilaphcpah wdc dlvh gcrkhf fhltd squlfs lilojst tdhk. Nut oj ky vohw tdhrh lrh sc kljy Nlaced wdclrh sottoji cj tdh ghjeh, ljf lrh cnshrvoji ljf tdhy woaa eckh tc tdos sofh ojsthlf cg icoji tc tdhorsofh.

ILM2  Kor Uldon, tdos tdoji nhilj oj <?64, ljf phcpah sly tdlt <4 td  Lkhjfkhjt (cg Plmostljoecjstotutocj) os lasc l sthp, tc scctdh tdh Nlaced ljf rhkcvh tdhor irohvljehs. Uc, fc ycu tdojmNlaced kly ecjsofhr tdlt tdh <4td lkhjfkhjt os l rhkhfy tc tdhor irohvljehs cr jct3

KKLV2  Ot os jct cjay tdh <4td Lkhjfkhjt= tdhrh os lasc tdh JGE (Jltocjla Gojljeh Eckkossocj) Lwlrf. Vdh cjh tdlt Ioaljo (Plmostljo prhkohr) soijhf wotd sued l irljfhur cj l sdop oj Iwlflr. Ls Oslof hlraohr tdlt Iwlflr pcrt wls dljfhf cvhr tc Edojl, sc fchs tdos sltosgy tdh Nlaced tdlt tdhy dlvh

ict ot cr ot os stoaa wotd tdcsh wdc prhvocusay dlf ot3 Vdh sotultocj rhklojs tdh slkh. Vdhsh lrh laa bustgljey tlams.

Vdh <4td  Lkhjfkhjt cr Lidlz-h-Duqccq-h-Nlacedostlj Plemlih, cr JGE Lwlrf, cr Rlrflroî₡℮slpcaciy tc tdh Nlaced= sc, tdhsh lrh laa bust gljey tlams, jctdoji kcrh tdlj tdlt. _cu mjcw tdh ircujfrhlaoty ls ycu dlvh nhhj tc \uhttl= ycu mjcw wdlt tdh sotultocj os oj \uhttl. _cu ujfhrstljf ot. _cudlvh shhj ot wotd ycur cwj hyhs ls O dlvh cjay plsshf tdrcuid \uhttl cjeh cr twoeh nut dlvhjî₡℮tstlyhf tdhrh. Uc, tdh sotultocj oj \uhttl os aomh tdlt tdhrh os thrrcr ljf ghlr. Cr ls tdh stufhjts ojDlkof Kor ‟s prcirlk slof wh lrh lgrlof ljf dlrlsshf, dcw ecuaf wh iht ljy hfueltocj aomh tdos3 Vdosos ^losljo‟s turg Klstuji O lk tlamoji lncut.

Oj Nlacedostlj tdhrh lrh tdcusljfs cg edhem pcsts cg GE, Eclst Iulrfs, Ahvohs ljf Lrky sprhlf laalercss Nlacedostlj. Ot os l sohih. Vdhy laa fc tlam lncut <4 td Lkhjfkhjt, JGE Lwlrf ljf Lidlz-h-

Duqccq nut Nlacedostlj os ujfhr sohih. Ljf tdh phcpah wdc lrh ujfhr sohih, wdlt wcuaf tdojm lncutJGE, <4td Lkhjfkhjt, cr laa tdlt gljey tlams ny Plmostljo ruahrs cr tdhor rhprhshjtltovhs3 Laa tdhsh lrhkhljojiahss tc tdhk.

ILM2 Oj l fogghrhjt ljiah, leecrfoji tc rhshlred cj Nlacedostlj, phcpah sly tdlt Nlaced jltocjlaoskos l rhletocj tc Plmostlj‟s ujfhkcerltoe nhdlvocr ljf tdh sceoc hecjckoe ojbustoehs tc Nlacedostlj. Ljf sckh Nlaced jltocjlaosts sly tdlt Plmostlj jhhfs Nlaced aljf ljf rhscurehs jct tdh Nlaced. Uc,wdlt os ycur tlmh cj ot3 

KKLV2 Jc. O fcj‟t tdojm sc. Nlaced jltocjlaosk os jct oj rhletocj tc ot nut Nlaced wls ojfhphjfhjt ljfNlaced ecjsofhrhf otshag ojfhphjfhjt. Laa tdcsh trhltohs, Utljfstoaa Lirhhkhjt hte, tdlt wlsj ‟t lrhletocj nhelush, ot wls nhgcrh tdh erhltocj cg Plmostlj. Vdhy ecjsofhrhf tdhkshavhs lj ojfhphjfhjtstlth ljf ecujtry. Uc, ot os jct ls l rhletocj tc ot. Vcfly ‟s jltocjlaosk os tdh ecjtojultocj cg tdlt

jltocjlaosk. Ot os Jlshhr Mdlj Jccro ‟s jltocjlaosk cr Fcst Kcdlkklf‟s (alst ruahr cg Yhsthrj/OrljoljNlacedostlj). Cr Nlaced slrflrs‟   cwj. Gcr hxlkpah, tdh Klrro slrflr  ecjsofhrhf tdh Nhialr Nloio, tdh

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Mdlj cg Mlalt, ls tdhor suzhrloj nut dh wls tdh ruahr cg dos lrhl. Nuitos whrh ruahrs oj tdhor lrhl. Uc,tdos os tdh ecjtojultocj cg tdlt jltocjlaosk. Nut tdlt jltocjlaosk os jcw erystlaaozhf grck Klrro, Nuito,Nljiuazlo ljf ctdhrs tc Nlaced jltocjlaosk. Ot dls nheckh Nlaced jltocjlaosk grck tronlaosk.  

Vdh Klrros cppcshf tdh Nrotosd. Vdhy gcuidt gcur tc govh nlttahs wotd tdhk. Vdh alst nlttah wls oj <?<9.Vdhy gcuidt tdhk hvhj nhgcrh <465. Vdh nlttahs cg Ullrtllg ljf Jlgusm. Nuitos gcuidt, Nrldvo tronhs

lasc gcuidt. Oj ky cpojocj ot os jct l rhletocj tc Plmostljo cpprhssocj. Fhgojothay, tdlt tcc dls eckhojtc paly lgthr Plmostlj elkh ojtc nhoji nut Nlaced jltocjlaosk os tcc caf.

 Ljf wdlt wls tdh ctdhr quhstocj3 

ILM2 Nlaced jltocjlaost sly tdlt Plmostlj jhhfs Nlaced aljf ljf rhscurehs jct tdh Nlaced. 

KKLV2  _hs. Jc cjh elj fhjy tdos. Accm lt ot tdos wly= aht kh tlmh ycu nlem tc <?9<. VlmhNhjilaî₡℮s hxlkpah gcr ojstljeh. Vdcsh wdc ery lncut Nhjila toaa tcfly, dlvh ycu hvhr dhlrf ljyPlmostljo ojthaahetula slyoji tdlt dujfrhfs cg tdcusljfs cg phcpah whrh vocalthf, dujfrhfs cgtdcusljfs cg phcpah whrh moaahf, koaaocjs cg phcpahs ‟  aovhs whrh fosrupthf. Vdhy fcj‟t tlam lncut ot.Vdhy bust sly, ‑Yh acst Nljialfhsd.‛•Vdhy shh ot ls l rhla hstlth. Vdhy jhvhr slw Nljialfhsdos lsduklj nhojis cr ls Nhjilao jltocj= tdhy bust shh ot ls l poheh cg aljf tc tdos fly. Vdhy slw ot sc ljf

stoaa tdhy shh ot aomh tdlt.

Vdos os dcw tdhy shh ot dhrh. Og ot wlsj ‟t sc. Vdh projeopah tdlt tdh Nrotloj whjt oj ljf ceeupohf Lustrlaol wdoed os elaahf thrrl juaaous khljoji ‑  ujojdonothf aljf‛. O khlj tdh Nrotosd slof tdlt tdos os ljujojdonothf thrrotcry= tdos projeopah cr thrrl juaaous fcetrojh oijcrhs phcpah. Vdlt phcpah khlj jctdoji,wh bust jhhf tdh aljf. Og ot wlsj‟t sc, tdhj dcw ecuaf tdhy phrkot Lrln ruahrs tc eckh tc Ylsdum ljfMdlrlj ljf sht up elkps aomh tdlt ljf fcj‟t laacw phcpah hvhj tc wlam lrcujf3

Vdh kcst okpcrtljt tdoji os tdlt laa tdh rhscurehs tdlt tdhy dlvh fhvhacphf, gcr hxlkpah Iwlflr, gcrwdck tdhy‟vh fcjh laa tdlt3 Ydcsh whaglrh tdhyî₡℮vh strovhf gcr3 Vdhy‟vh fcjh laa tdlt gcrtdhkshavhs. Cr tdh noi jlvla nlsh tdhy‟vh nuoat oj Crklrl3 Cr tdh jhw jlvla nlsh tdhy lrh nuoafoji ojMdcr Mlaklt jhlr Mdcr Koyljo3 Okliojh wdy Nlaced jltocjlaosts wcuaf sht jlvla nclts cj gorh oj >009cr 04 oj Iwlflr. Nhelush, tdh jlvy phcpah dlf nrcmhj tdh nclts cg Nlaced nhelush tdhy dlvh sht

tokoji wdhrhvhr tdh jlvy os prhshjt, tdhy dlvh sht tokoji tdlt grck tdos tokh tc tdlt tokh tdh gosdhrkhjelj gosd ljf rhst cg tdh tokh ot os rhstroethf. Lrh tdhy prhshjt tdhrh tc sheurh Nlaced roidts cr tc shrvhtdhor cwj ojthrhsts3

Ydhj tdh ils grck Uuo rhledhf \uhttl3 (ILM2 Oj tdh 40s O tdojm.) Uckhcjh ecjirltualthf kh tdhjtdlt ils dls rhledhf \uhttl. O slof tc dok tdlt wh lrh jct fhkljfoji tdh roidt tc nurj ot nut wh slytdlt ot os curs ljf ot kust nh ushf ls wh wosd.  

Vdh rhlscj tdhy acvh Nlacedostlj os2 gorst ot os l vlst lrhl tc klojtloj tdhor ecacjolaosk, wotd otsrhscurehs tdhy wljt tc gleoaotlth tdhor cwj phcpah ljf ot os jctdoji kcrh tdlj tdlt. Vdhrh os jcecjtrlfoetocj tdlt tdh hxlkpahs O bust ilvh2 Ydhj ils rhledhf \uhttl, dcw tdh jlvla nlshs dlvhrhstroethf phcpah tdhrh, cr hvhj tcfly oj >0<5 tdh ruahrs cg Funlo eckh oj Ylsdum ljf Mdlrlj fc laatdlt.

Vdh ctdhr okpcrtljt tdoji os tdlt tdhy nuoat Korljo Flk nhelush tdhy whrh ahlsoji tdh aljf tc tdhUlufos. _cu kly jct rhkhknhr tdlt twc yhlrs lic Lsalk Ndcctljo goahf l phtotocj oj Nlacedostlj DoidEcurt tdlt tdh ghfhrltocj sdcuaf nh stcpphf grck shaaoji 90,000 dhetlrhs cg aljf tc Lrln Udhomds ojAlsnhal. Ydoed lornlsh ot wls tdlt tdh XLH ahjt tc tdh Lkhroeljs gcr frcjh cphrltocjs3 ( ILM2 Udlkso Lornlsh cr sckhtdoji.) Jct tdh Blecnlnlf ‟s, ot wls oj Mdlrlj Nlacedostlj jhlr (tdh Lgidljncrfhr). Ot wls nuoat gcr tdhor dujtoji letovotohs. Uc, O tdojm tdhy jhhf tdh aljf tdhy dlvh ict jctdoji tcfc wotd tdh phcpah.

ILM2  Uc, Kor Uldon, wdhj wh shh tdh ecjgaoets lrcujf tdh wcraf, sued ls \uhnhe, Eltlacjol,(KKLV2 Nlsquh‟s, Ecrsoel‟s.) Oj tcfly‟s wcraf, aomh tdhy lrh tdojmoji tc erhlth l ghfhrla gcrk cgicvhrjkhjt gcr Lgidljostlj. Yh dhlr tdh slkh lncut Orlq. Uc, wdlt fc ycu tdojm dcw tdh Nlacedossuh ecuaf nh lnscrnhf oj l ghfhrltocj3 Bust aomh tdh Hurcphlj Xjocj wdhrh kljy ecujtrohs lrh

ihttoji tcihtdhr liloj. Vdhy lrh jltocjs ljf ecujtrohs nut ihttoji tcihtdhr. Uc, wdlt fc tdojm dcwNlaced wcuaf aomh tc nh l plrt cg tdh ghfhrltocj3 

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 KKLV2  Uor, letulaay, ls tdhy sly oj Xrfu tdlt ycu elj ‟t ealp wotd cjh dljf. Ot jhhfs l irhltujfhrstljfoji ljf slileoty grck nctd sofhs. _cu mjcw toaa <?68 Grljeh ljf Ihrkljy whrh lt hledctdhrs‟  tdrclts. Grljeh wls ceeupohf ny Ihrkljy cr tdh dcstoaotohs nhtwhhj Ihrkljy ljf Nrotlojfuroji Ycraf Ylr O, Ycraf Ylr OO cr nhgcrh tdlt tdh dcstoaotohs nhtwhhj tdhk cvhr tdh Lgroelj ecacjohs.Dcw laa tdhsh tdoji hjfhf3 Cjay wdhj nctd sofhs rhlaozhf tdlt cur fogghrhjehs woaa jct tlmh us

ljywdhrh. Og wh wljt tc aovh ljf prcirhss tdhj wh jhhf tc scavh ot kutulaay. Jcw Grljeh fchsj ‟t slytdlt O lk tdh ruahr dhrh cr tdh Ihrkljy slys O lk tdh ruahr, tdhy lrh nrctdhrs jcw. Ot wls cjaypcssonah wdhj tdhy rhlaozhf tdlt tdhy lrh nrctdhrs.

 Ljf dhrh, Ihjhrla Mlyljo klfh l stlthkhjt sckhtokhs lic, ljf O wrcth lj lrtoeah lncut ot, tdlt tdhrhlrh sckh Nlaced wdc dlvhj‟t shhj l ruphhs thj jcth. O slof wdlt wcraf ycu aovh oj kosthr3 _cu tlmh lpltrcjozoji lttotufh tdlt tdhy lrh ljoklas ljf wh lrh icoji tc klmh tdhk dukljs. Ydhj woaa tdhynheckh dukljs3 ‑Ydhj wh woaa sdcw tdhk ruphhs thj jcth tdhj tdhy woaa nheckh dukljs‛. Laa tdhorlttotufh os lrrciljeh= lrrciljeh nlshf cj pcwhr. O khlj tdhy lrh prcuf cg tdhor pcwhr. ‑ˑYh dlvh tdhlrky, wh lrh nrlvh, ljf wh lrh tdh klrtola rlehs‛= ls tdh Nrotosd klfh tdhk klrtola rlehs. 

Uojeh tdh fly cjh tdhy dlvh jhvhr wljthf tc edljih tdhor lttotufh. Og tdhy dlf wljthf ot tc nh tdhywcuaf dlvh tcahrlthf ojfhphjfhjeh cg Nlacedostlj! Mdlj Mlalt dlf l vhry spheola grohjfsdop wotd

Bojjld. Phrdlps vhry ghw phcpah suppcrthf Bojjld ls kued ls Mdlj Mlalt fof. Ljf Bojjld wls dosalwyhr. Dlf tdhy wljthf tc erhlth l ghfhrltocj tdhj, tdhy ecuaf dlvh fcjh ot. Vc tdos flth tdhy fcj ‟twljt tc. 

ILM2 Uor, og wh accm lt tdh ojthrjltocjla pcaotoes cr tdh ihc-strlthioe aceltocj cg Nlacedostlj, ls ot osslof tdlt Mlalt‟s ljjhxltocj wls ny gcreh, og wh accm lt ot oj tdos phrsphetovh tdh ojthrjltocjla pcwhrstdhj, tdlt whrh ahlvoji, phrdlps tdhy tcc fofj ‟t wljt Nlacedostlj tc nh ojfhphjfhjt ljf nh ujfhr^ussolj ojgauhjeh, tdhor leehss tc wlrk wlthrs. Ydlt os ycur tlmh cj tdos3 

KKLV2  O tdojm tdhrh os l duih fogghrhjeh nhtwhhj tdh pcaotoela ecjseocusjhss cg <?69 ljf tcfly ‟spcaotoela ecjseocusjhss. Ot dls icjh l acji wly. Vdh wcraf pcwhrs cg tdlt tokh whrh jct sc kuedojthrhsthf oj ot. Ot os ky cpojocj. Oj stlrm ecjtrlst cg tdlt tcfly tdhy lrh ojthrhsthf oj Nlacedostlj kuedkcrh tdlj tdhy whrh ojthrhsthf tdhj.

 Ljf tdhrh os ljctdhr lsphet tc tdlt ojthrhst tcfly. Vdhy lrh cnshrvoji tdlt og gujflkhjtlaosk prhvloasoj Nlacedostlj tcc, tdh wly oj tdh rhst cg Plmostlj gujflkhjtlaosk os cj tdh rosh. Ljf og ot prhvloas ojNlacedostlj tcc tdhj gcr tdhk ljf hvhrycjh hash, ot ecuaf prcvh tc nh l noi tdrhlt tc tdh wcraf phlehljf tdh rhiocjla phleh. Vdhrhgcrh, tdh Nlaced jltocjlaost gcreh os l sheualr gcreh. Ots ofhcaciy os nlshfupcj sheualr projeopahs. Ljf O tdojm tdhy prhghr sheualrosk. Og ot wlsj ‟t sc tdhj tdh fhltd squlfs wdoedlrh gcrkhf ny Udlgoq Khjila ljf Uorlb ^losljo, tdhsh fhltd squlfs lrh gcrkhf cj tdh nlsos cg Osalk.Vdh XJPC ecjvhjhf tdh Nlaced ecjghrhjeh oj Acjfcj ljf tdh Vljzhhk-h-Jlglz-h-LkjNlacedostlj‟s (VJLN)< spcmhsphrscj Idlzo Nlaced ossuhf l tdrhlt oj tdh prhss tdlt wh woaa moaa ljfecjsoij tc dhaa wdcschvhr plrtoeoplthf oj ot.

Uc, O tdojm tdh wcraf tcfly shhs Nlacedostlj wotd l fogghrhjt ljiah. Hspheolaay wotd rhilrfs tcgujflkhjtlaosk oj Plmostlj ljf tdos rhiocj, ot dls l duih rhahvljeh tcfly. O dlvh wrotthj oj ky

lrtoeahs tdlt tcfly‟s wcraf pcwhrs fc jct ghlr tdlt tdh jueahlr lrks woaa glaa ojtc tdh wrcji dljfs,nhelush tdhy mjcw tdlt tdhy lrh larhlfy oj tdh wrcji dljfs. Nhelush, laa tdh letovotohs cggujflkhjtlaosk dhrh, ot os jct shplrlth grck tdh Plmostljo stlth ljf tdh Plmostljo lrky. Lt ahlst tdhy

< Lff2 ‑Ojfhhf, l stogaoji nalemcut cg jhws ljf cg laa fosshjtoji fosecursh os hjgcrehf tdcuid l rhoij cg thrrcr,

nctd forhetay ny Plmostlj‟s sherht lihjeohs, ls whaa ls ny tdhor prcxohs. Lkcji tdh altthr, tdh hupdhkostoelaayjlkhf Vhdrhhm-h-Jlglz-h-Lklj Nlacedostlj (VJLN, Kcvhkhjt gcr tdh ^hstcrltocj cg Phleh, Nlacedostlj)dls ilojhf rhehjt jctcrohty. VJLN dls cphjay ealokhf tdh moaaoji cg shvhrla Nlaced letovosts, ljf dls lasctdrhlthjhf tc hxheuth ctdhrs cj tdhor dot aost, ojeaufoji lt ahlst tdrhh prhshjtay oj tdhor —eustcfy‟. Voaa flth, jcletocj dls nhhj tlmhj lilojst tdh VJLN. Vdh ircup os susphethf tc nh tdh lrkhf woji cg tdh Kuttldofl KldlzNlacedostlj (Xjothf Grcjt, Nlacedostlj), dhlfhf ny Uorlb ^losljo, nrctdhr cg tdh prhshjt Edohg Kojosthr cgNlacedostlj, Lsalk ^losljo.‛  Plm lihjeohs jcw cj "moaa ljf haokojlth" kossocj oj Nlacedostlj, ny  Lblo

Uldjo  Ghn 9, >0<> <<2>> OUV  dttp2//www.gorstpcst.eck/nacis/plm-lihjeohs-jcw-cj-moaa-ljf-haokojlth-kossocj-oj-nlacedostlj->0870>.dtka 

7/23/2019 TALPUR Nationalism, Federalism and Separatism the Case of Balochistan DEC 7 2015

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/talpur-nationalism-federalism-and-separatism-the-case-of-balochistan-dec-7 12/12

laa ujfhrstljf tdlt. Vdhsh whrh tdhor strlthioe lsshts wdoed tdhy ushf oj Mlsdkor, oj Lgidljostlj, ljfstoaa nhoji ushf oj Lgidljostlj. 

 Ljywly, wcraf accm lt Nlacedostlj ossuh oj lj hjtorhay fogghrhjt wly tdhj tdhy slw ot oj <?69. O tdojmtdh lttotufh cg wcraf pcwhrs tdhj, tdhy whrh ojfogghrhjt. Oj <?69 ljf <?64 wcraf pcwhrs whrhojfogghrhjt. Vdhy whrh jct ojvcavhf oj tdhor fheosocj tdlt ot wcuaf nheckh ujfhr ^ussolj ojgauhjeh. Ot

wls eacshr tc tdhk ls cj cjh sofh tdhrh wls Plmostlj ljf cj tdh ctdhr Orlj, ljf cj ljctdhr sofhtdhrh wls tdh shl. Ot wls l kcjlredy cg Mdlj Mlalt. Dhrh tdh Mdlj wls wotd l stltus cg l moji. Dcwecuaf tdhy nh tdrhlthjhf ny dok tdlt dh wcuaf rlfoelaay edljih ljf ic cj ^ussolj sofh3 Uc, tdhywhrh ojfogghrhjt tdhj nut tdhy lrh jct ojfogghrhjt tcfly.

ILM2 Uor, lt tdh hjf og tdhrh os ljytdoji tdlt ycu wcuaf aomh tc lff3 Og tdhrh os ljytdoji tdlt os ahgtnhdojf3 

KKLV2 Uor, O tdojm oj ycur rhshlred ycu sdcuaf hkpdlsozh cj tdh okpcrtljeh, ls O dlvh trohf ky nhsttc halncrlth grljmay, cg Nlaced vohw tc nh prhshjthf oj l prcphr kljjhr. Uc tdh phcpah mjcw tdltwdlt Nlaced wljt= nhelush tdh Nlaced jlrrltovh dls jhvhr nhhj prcphray rhprhshjthf. Vdh orcjy ostdlt oj tdh acela prhss grohjfs fc wroth lncut ot nut rlrhay fchs ot rhled tdh ojthrjltocjla prhss.

 Ljf O wroth wotd tdh ojthjtocj tdh Nlaced pcojt cg vohw os prhshjthf tc tdh phcpah sc tdhy wcuafujfhrstljf ot. Lt ahlst tdhy sdcuaf mjcw tdlt wdlt tdh prcnahk os. Uc, ot os ycur futy tcc tdlt ycusdcuaf try tc prhshjt ot oj tdos wly. Ljf wh‟aa mhhp oj tcued oj guturh ls whaa.

ILM2 Ojsdl-Laald. Vdljm ycu vhry kued. 

KKLV2 Kly Laald mhhp ycu slgh ljf scujf. 

dttp2//jlmhfpujed.eck/lrtoeahs/>6> 

--Yotd Whry Nhst ^hilrfsKor Kcdlkklf Lao Vlapur

‑O mjcw tdlt O lk prhbufoehf cj tdos kltthr, nut O wcuaf nh lsdlkhf cg kyshag og O whrh jct.‛•  Klrm Vwloj

‑ L eyjoela, khrehjlry, fhklicioe prhss woaa prcfueh oj tokh l phcpah ls nlsh ls otshag." - BcshpdPuaotzhr

"Criljozhf rhaoiocj os aomh criljozhf erokh, ot prhys cj phcpah's whlmjhsshs, ihjhrlths duih prcgotsgcr ots cphrltcrs ljf os lakcst okpcssonah tc hrlfoelth" Komh Dhrkljj