Tales We Never Told Our Father - Reflections on sexuality, culture and being Nigerian

!"#$%&!'%!(%)%*!+,$-!,.*!/#+0%*!

!"#$"%&'()*+()+*",-.$'&/0+%-$&-1"+.)2+3"')4+5'4"1'.)++

6/+7-&8.$"*+.1(-)2+&9"+:'1"+

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

!

#3&'&(-$%&'(.,=9=*$%%1($ZZ&$,&/(.*(MMM"56-#$%&'$,.6*/-3&2=,&"U.0((#3&(U.Z1,=93-(2.,(&$U3(-$%&(='(,&-$=*&/(K1(-3&($6-3.,"(

!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!"

!"#$%&'&($)$*&+,#-&./&0"+1$*&2&34+!"#$%&

!

"! #$%$&!'()! )(! *(+$!(,)! )(!+-! ./)0$&1!2#3! 4)!5/6!(#7-! /.)$&! 046! 8/664#'!)0/)! "! */+$! )(! 7$/&#! )0/)! 0$! 9#$5!/:(,)! )0$! ;$7$80/#)! 4#! )0$! &((+<=! 0$!0/3!64+87-!#$%$&!/69$3!+$!/#3!"!0/3!64+87-!#$%$&!)(731!

>0$!.4&6)!)4+$!"! .(,#3!(,)!)0/)!0$!9#$5!/:(,)!)0$!$7$80/#)! 4#!)0$!&((+=!5/6!4#!)0$!6,++$&!(.!?@A@1!B-!+()0$&!5/6!%464)4#'!C(#3(#!.&(+!D4'$&4/=!/#3!(#$!/.)$&#((#!3,&4#'!/!0$/)$3!)$774#'E(..!.&(+!0$&=!60$!6/43!;6(!"!0$/&!)0/)!-(,!/&$!#(5!.(77(54#'!+$#!/&(,#3<1!

"! /69$3! 50/)! 60$! +$/#)! /#3! 60$! +$#)4(#$3! )0/)! 50$#! +-! ./)0$&! 0/3!%464)$3!C(#3(#!)0$!-$/&!:$.(&$=!+-!,#*7$!50(!"!0/3!:$$#!74%4#'!54)0=!0/3!)(73!04+!)0/)!"!343!#()!0/%$!/!'4&7.&4$#3!/#3!)0/)!)0$&$!5/6!)046!:(-!50(!0/3!:$$#!*/774#'!+$!&$',7/&7-1!

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

26! 4)! 6(! 0/88$#$3=! )0$! ;:(-<! )0/)!5/6!:$4#'! &$.$&&$3! )(!5/6! 6(+$(#$! "!0/3!+$)!(#!)0$!)&/4#!'(4#'!4#)(!5(&9!(#$!+(&#4#'1!I$!'()!)/794#'!/#3!0$!4#%4)$3!+$! )(! 046! *0,&*0=! /#3! /!5$$9!(&! 6(! /.)$&=! "!5$#)! )(! 046! 0(,6$! J!50$&$! 5$! &$/3! )0$! :4:7$! )('$)0$&K! L0(#$6)MN! C((94#'! :/*9=! "! 5/6!*$&)/4#7-! %$&-! #/O%$! /:(,)! )0$! 50(7$! $H8$&4$#*$! /#3! &$+$+:$&!4##(*$#)7-!&$)$774#'!+-!*(#%$&6/)4(#6!54)0!)0$!',-!)(!+-!,#*7$1!G$!+4'0)!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!#"

0/%$!:$$#!'/-=! 4)!5/6! /! 6,:P$*)!+/))$&! )0/)! #$%$&! */+$!,81! Q%$#! /6! 0$!'/%$! +$! /! :/*9! &,:! /6! "! 7$.)! 046! 87/*$! (#$! /.)$&#((#=! '/-! 5/6! #()!6(+$)04#'!)0/)!*&(66$3!+-!+4#31!")!5/6!?@AA=!"!5/6!RS=!/#3!/)!)0/)!)4+$!"!0/3!#$%$&!+$)!/#!(8$#7-!'/-!8$&6(#1!")!5/6!64+87-!6),..!"!0/3!&$/3!/:(,)!4#!#(%$76!/#3!4#!)0$!6)(&-!(.!T(3(+M!

I0/)!"!*/+$!)(!,#3$&6)/#3!-$/&6!7/)$&=!5/6!)0/)!+-!,#*7$!0/3!4#%4)$3!+-!./)0$&! )(! 68$/9! )(!+$!/:(,)!50/)!+4'0)!:$!'(4#'!(#!54)0! )0$!:(-! /#3!6(+$0(5! )0/)! *(#%$&6/)4(#! 343! #()! 0/88$#1! "! 0/3! #,+$&(,6!*(#%$&6/)4(#6! 54)0!+-! 3/3! /.)$&! )0/)=! :,)! "! #$%$&! :&(,'0)! ,8! 50/)! 0$!+4'0)!0/%$!0$/&3!/:(,)!)0$!:(-=!/#3!0$!#$%$&!/69$31!

>0$! 6$*(#3! )4+$! )0/)! "! */+$! )(! 7$/&#! )0/)! +-! ./)0$&! 9#$5! /:(,)! )0$!$7$80/#)! 4#! )0$! &((+=!5/6!/! .$5!3/-6!/.)$&! "! */+$!(,)! )(!+-!+()0$&! 4#!)0$!6,++$&!(.!?@@U1!

"!5/6!*,&4(,6!)(!9#(5!50$)0$&!60$!(&!+-!./)0$&!0/3!6,68$*)$3!)0/)!)0$4&!6(#!+4'0)!:$!'/-!/#3!0/3!/69$3!0$&1!"#!/334)4(#!)(!&$)$774#'!)0$!4#*43$#)!/:(,)! ;)0$!:(-<=!60$!6/43!)0/)!/.)$&! "!0/3! 7$.)!0(+$=!+-!./)0$&!0/3!:$$#!*7$/&4#'!+-!6),..!)(!'$)!6(+$!$H)&/!6)(&/'$!68/*$1!"#!)0$!+4337$!(.!4)=!0$!0/3!*(+$!/*&(66!/!'/-!)0$+$3!#(%$7!/+(#'6)!+-!)04#'61!G$!0/3!60(5#!4)!)(! +-! +()0$&=! 6/-4#'! 6(+$)04#'! 749$! ;-(,! #$$3! )(! 68$/9! )(! -(,&! 6(#<1!Q%$#!)0(,'0!04+!.4#34#'!)0$!:((9!0/3!0/88$#$3!+/#-!-$/&6!:$.(&$!)0$!.&4$#36048!54)0!+-!:4:7$E&$/34#'!.&4$#3=!+-!8/&$#)6!/#3!+-6$7.!0/3!64+87-!87/-$3!/7(#'!4#!3$#4/7=!)0$+!#()!/694#'!/#3!+$!#()!)$774#'1!

27)0(,'0!"!#$%$&!343!*(+$!(,)!)(!+-!./)0$&=!0$!0/6!:$$#!4#6)&,+$#)/7!4#!+-!(#'(4#'!P(,&#$-!(.!*(+4#'!(,)!/6!/!6/+$!'$#3$&!7(%4#'!+/#1!V#$!(.!)0$!)04#'6!)0/)!"!&$/74W$3!50$#!0$!34$3!5/6!)0/)!"!0/3!#$%$&!60(5$3!,8!/6!)0$!>&,$!B$!4#!/#-!(.!)0$!*(#%$&6/)4(#6!54)0!04+1!"!0/3!:$$#!6)&,''74#'!6(!0/&3!)(!:$!)0$!8$&6(#!)0/)!"!)0(,'0)!0$!5/#)$3!+$!)(!:$1!>0$!%$&64(#!(.!+$! )0/)! "! .$7)!5(,73!:$!/**$8)$3!/#3! 7(%$31!2#3! "! /:/#3(#$3!+-6$7.! 4#!)0/)!8&(*$661!"!0/3!60(&)*0/#'$3!:()0!(.!,61!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!$"

")!46!50$&$!"!5/6!/)!)0/)!8(4#)!4#!+-!74.$=!/#3!"!3(#<)!0/%$!&$'&$)6!/:(,)!4)1!"!/+! #(5! /:7$! )(! 7((9! /)! )0/)! )4+$! 54)0! 6$7.! *(+8/664(#! /#3!,#3$&6)/#34#'1! "! 0/3!:$$#!:&,46$3=!5/6! 4#!8/4#! /#3! 4#! )0$!#/+$!(.! 6$7.E8&$6$&%/)4(#=! "! 0/3! #$$3$3! )0/)! ./76$! 6$7.! )(! '$)! )0&(,'0! )0$! 3/-1!D(#$)0$7$66=!4)!5/6!6)477!/!60(&)*0/#'$3!&$7/)4(#6048=!:$*/,6$!(,)!(.!.$/&=!"!0/3!#$%$&!60(5#!,81!

B-!./)0$&!34$3!4#!X/#,/&-!?@@Y=!/#3!046!3$/)0!+/3$!+$!&$/74W$!)0/)!"!*(,73!#()!)/9$! 74.$!.(&!'&/#)$3=!.(&!#(!(#$!9#(56!50/)!)(+(&&(5!5477!:&4#'1! ")!5/6!)0$!.4&6)!)4+$!"!0/3!7(6)!6(+$(#$!*7(6$!)(!+$1!

"!*/+$!)(!7$/&#!)0/)!"!*(,73!#()!5/4)!.(&!74.$!)(!:$!8$&.$*)!:$.(&$!'(4#'!(,)!)(!8,&6,$!+-!3&$/+6!/#3!74%4#'!)0$!04'0$6)!$H8&$664(#!(.!+-!74.$1!2)!(#$!8(4#)!4#!+-!74.$=!"!343!0/%$!/!./#)/6-!(.!50/)!*(+4#'!(,)!5(,73!7((9!749$=!:,)!(%$&!)0$!-$/&6!50/)!"!0/%$!*(+$!)(!9#(5!46!)0/)=!*(+4#'!(,)!46!64+87-!/77(54#'!+-6$7.!)(!:$!6$$#1!

B-!6$H,/74)-!46!/!*(&$!8/&)!(.!+-!0,+/#!$H8&$664(#=!/#3!"!:&4#'!4)!54)0!+$!)(!/77!+$/#4#'.,7!$#*(,#)$&6!/#3!$H8$&4$#*$61!")!3($6!#()!3$.4#$!+$=!:,)!4)! 46!/#!4+8(&)/#)!/68$*)!(.!+-!0,+/#!$H8&$664(#1!Z$6=! 4)!5477!:$!#4*$!.(&!+$!)(!:$!/..4&+$3=!$+:&/*$3!/#3!/**$8)$3!.(77(54#'!)0(6$!+(+$#)6!(.!*(+4#'! (,)1! [,)! "! #(5! 9#(5! )0/)! "! 0/%$! #(! *(#)&(7! (%$&! )0$! (,)*(+$=!50/)!"!3(!0/%$!*(#)&(7!(%$&!46!(#!0(5!"!*0((6$!)(!60(5!,81!

I0/)!"!/76(!9#(5!46!)0/)!"!0/%$!/!*0(4*$!4#!50/)!0/88$#6!/.)$&!"!60(5!,81!\(&! 4.! 6(+$(#$! &$.,6$6! (&! 46! ,#/:7$! )(! 6$$! +$=! (&! 5460$6! +$! )(! :$!34..$&$#)! .&(+!0(5!"!0/%$!60(5#!,8=! "!#(5!9#(5!)(!F,$6)4(#!50$)0$&! "!5/#)! )0$+! )(! :$! /! 8/&)! (.!+-! 74.$1! "! /+! /:7$! )(! 6/-! )046! 0/%4#'! 74%$3! /!74.$)4+$!54)0!+-!./76$!6$7.1!

"! /+!/:7$! )(! 6/-! )046!:$*/,6$!#()!*(+4#'!(,)! )(!+-! ./)0$&! *(#)4#,$6! )(!4'#4)$!+-!3$64&$!)(!74%$!/#!4#)$'&/)$3!/#3!*(#'&,$#)!74.$=!/#3!)(!.,77-!60(5!,8!4#!+-!$#*(,#)$&61!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!%"

!1$&5+,*/&,0&./&6,.7(8&34+&2&91"#7#&

!

\&(+!/!-(,#'=!)$#3$&=!4##(*$#)!/'$=!"!/75/-6!9#$5!)0/)!"!5/6!34..$&$#)!4#!5/-6!)0/)!"!*(,73#<)!$H87/4#!)(!+-6$7.=!7$)!/7(#$!)(!/#-:(3-!$76$!J!"!9#(5!4)! 46! /! *74*0]! (&!50/)$%$&=! :,)! )&,6)!+$!50$#! "! 6/-! 6(+$! (.! ,6=! /)! 7$/6)!)0(6$!)0/)!8/-!/))$#)4(#!)(!)0$4&!:(34$6=!9#(5!50/)!"!/+!)/794#'!/:(,)1!

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`! 6,&$! "! 0/3! >&/#6.(&+$&6! /#3! /77! )0(6$! 6),..=! :,)!)046!5/6!0,+/#!54)0!)$#3$&!.$$74#'6!54)0!74))7$!/:&/64%$!)546)!)(!4)1!

I0$#!5$!+(%$3!)(!29,&$=!)0$!:(-6!L"!0/3!)5(!:&()0$&6!,#)47!?@AY=!50$#!4)!:$*/+$!aN!/#3!)0$!'4&76!L)5(!646)$&6!,#)47!?@@S=!50$#!4)!:$*/+$!aN!0/3!)0$4&! (5#! &((+=! 6(! )0$&$! 5/6! 6$8/&/)4(#! /#3! &((+! .(&! $H87(&/)4(#1! "!*(#)4#,$3!)(!$H87(&$!+-!6$H,/74)-!/#3!50/)!4)!+$/#)!)(!749$!/#3!6$$9!)0$!/..$*)4(#! (.! +$#=! 4#6)$/3! (.! 5(+$#1! "! P,6)! 343#<)! .$$7! )0/)! +,*0! .(&!5(+$#!/)!/77=!$%$#!50$#!+-!(73$&!.$+/7$!*(,64#!$#)4*$3!+$!/#3!0/3!6$H!54)0!+$`!"!P,6)!343#<)!.$$7!/#-)04#'1!"!343!87/-!6(**$&=!P,6)!)(!:$!*7(6$!)(!)0$!:(-6!/#3!:$!(#$!(.!)0$+1!I047$!"!343#<)!749$!)0$!./*)!)0/)!"!5/6!*0,::-!/#3!4#6$*,&$=!6(+$!(.!+-!8/&$#)6<!+/7$!.&4$#36!$#P(-$3!87/-4#'!54)0!+$1!V,&!*,7),&$=! /6! /! +/))$&! (.! ./*)! 5$7*(+$3! (73$&! +$#! 87/-4#'! /&(,#3! 54)0!-(,#'!:(-6=! :$*/,6$! 4)! 46! 6$$#! /6!:$4#'! /!+/#`! #()! /! ;./'<! (&! ;F,$$&<! (&!;0(+(<! L4.! )0$-! (#7-! 9#$5MN1! "! 0/3!+/7$! .&4$#36! /6!5$77=! :,)! )0$-!5(,73!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!&"

)$/6$!+$!/:(,)!+-!5$4'0)=!#$%$&!/:(,)!:$4#'!b,'7-c=!$H*$8)!)0$!'4&76!.(&!)0$!+(6)!8/&)1!

V,&!./+47-!:(3-',/&3=!T$',#=!+/3$!$%$&-)04#'!$%$#!:$))$&!.(&!+$=!:-!#()!(#7-!)(,*04#'!+$=!:,)!/76(!94664#'!+$!/#3!*/&$664#'!+$!50$#!"!5/6!/7(#$!(,)643$! 54)0! 04+1! >046! 5$#)! (#! "! :$74$%$=! .&(+! ?@AA! T$8)! )(! ?@A@!_$*$+:$&`! 50$#! "! 5$#)! (..! )(! T$*(#3/&-! 6*0((7=! /#3! 0$! 5$#)! (#! )(!/#()0$&! P(:1!T$',#!+/3$!+$!.$$7! 68$*4/7!/#3!/*),/77-! 749$3!+$!/+(#'6)!/77!+-!64:74#'6=!/#3!"!/76(!:$74$%$!)0/)!0$!5/6!:46$H,/7!:$*/,6$!0$!'()!0/&3!/&(,#3!+$!/#3!)0$!.$+/7$!0$786!)0/)!5$!0/31! "!#$%$&!'()! P$/7(,6!(.!04+!0/#'4#'! (,)! 54)0! ()0$&! +$#! (&! 5(+$#=!:$*/,6$! "! 9#$5! 0$! 5/6! +4#$!3,&4#'! )0$! /.)$&#((#=! #4'0)6=!+43E)$&+!:&$/96=! $)*1! Q%$#! /6!5$! 68$/9=! "!*/#!0(#$6)7-!6/-!0$!+/3$!+$!&$/74W$!J!/)! 7$/6)! )(!/!8(4#)!J! )0/)! "!5/6!/!#4*$=! 65$$)=! 0/#36(+$! 8$&6(#! /#3! )0/)=! "! 60(,73! #$%$&! .(&'$)! 4)`! $%$#!)0(,'0!+-!3/3!/75/-6! .(,#3!6(+$5/-!)(!3$'&/3$!+$!/#3!5(,73!+/#-!(**/64(#6! *(+8/&$! +$! )(! +-! (73$6)! 646)$&! /#3! )(! 046! .&4$#36<! +/7$!*0473&$#1!

G4'0! 6*0((7! 5/6#<)! )0$! '&$/)$6)! /)! /771! "! 343! /77! "! *(,73! 3(! )(! +/69! +-!6/3#$66`! #$$34#'! )(! :$! +/6*,74#$! 749$! )0$! :(-6! 4#! 6*0((7=! /#3! '$))4#'!&$P$*)4(#!.&(+!'4&76!5/6!/#!/77!)4+$!04'0!.(&!+$1!"!'()!,6$3!)(!)0$!&$P$*)4(#!.&(+!)0$6$!'4&76!)0/)!"!343#<)!*/&$!/#-+(&$!/:(,)!50/)!)0$-!6/43!(&!343#<)!6/-!/:(,)!+$`!.&(+!:$4#'!,'7-=!)(!/##(-4#'=!)(!:$4#'!/!8/4#!4#!)0$!/66=!)(!*&/W-!L.,##-!)04#'!46!+(6)!(.!)0$6$!'4&76!/&$!/#-)04#'!:,)!:$/,)4.,7!J!)&,6)!+$=!\/*$:((9!46!#(5!'&$/)!.(&!)0$!6(7$!8,&8(6$!(.!6$$4#'!)0$6$!6(E*/77$3!b8(8,7/&c!'4&76!/#3!:(-6!.&(+!6*0((7N1!")!5/6!4#!:(/&34#'!6*0((7!L6(+$!(.!-(,! +$#! /&$! ./+474/&! 54)0! )046N! )0/)! "! 0/3! +-! #(#E8$#$)&/)4#'! 6$H,/7!$H8$&4$#*$!/#3!&$7/)4(#6048=!:,)!)0/)<6!/!6)(&-!.(&!/#()0$&!3/-M!

"!$#P(-$3!ASd!(.!G4'0!6*0((7=!8/&)4*,7/&7-!)0$!6$*(#3!6*0((7!"!)&/#6.$&&$3!)(!:$*/,6$!5$!0/3!8,&$!.,#=!6(+$!/3,7)$&/)$3!/#3!0(+(6$H,/7!/*)6!5$#)!(#=! :,)! 5/6! #$%$&! 346*,66$3!54)0! /#-:(3-! /)! /77! L:(-6! :(/&34#'! 0(,6$!*(3$N1! "!5/6! *(+.(&)/:7$! $#(,'0! )(! 9#(5! )0/)! "!5/6! 4#)(!+$#! /#3! 6)477!:$74$%$3!)0/)! 4.! "! )&4$3!/! 74))7$!:4)!0/&3$&=! "!5477!$%$#),/77-!:$!/))&/*)$3!)(!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!'"

5(+$#!4#!7(#'!&,#`!P,6)!/6!be(3!5/#)$3!/#3!#$$3$3!4)!)(!:$c1!"!8,)!)0/)!4#!F,()$6! :$*/,6$! )0$-! 5$&$! )04#'6! )0/)! 5$&$! 4#6)/77$3! 4#)(! +-! *&/#4,+!/:(,)!0(5!0(+(6$H,/74)-!5/6!:/3!/#3!#()!e(3<6!5(&91!B-!3/3!5/6!$%$#!6/-4#'!)0/)!"!/*)$3!)((!6(.)!/#3!)0/)!8$(87$!5477!)04#9!)0/)!"!5/6!/!6466-1!G$!/76(!6/43!)0/)!"!5/6!0/#'4#'!/&(,#3!5(+$#!)((!+,*0=!/#3!)0/)!4)!#$$3$3!)(!6)(8!.(&!)0$!+(6)!8/&)1!

"! */+$! )(! )0$!f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e2"DM!

"! 6)/&)$3!+$$)4#'! 6(+$!+$#!J!+-!/'$!/#3!(73$&! J! /#3!:$'/#! )(! &$/74W$!)0$&$!5/6!+(&$!)(!:$4#'!'/-!/#3!6$7.E/**$8)4#'`!.&/#97-=!"!5/6!P,6)!7((94#'!)(! 6$$!50$&$! )046! )((9!+$!/#3! 4.! 4)!5/6!/77! /!3&$/+!(&!/!80/6$!(&!:()01!T(+$!(.!+-!646)$&6<!.&4$#36!5$&$!/7&$/3-!68$*,7/)4#'!/:(,)!+$!/#3!0(5!"!5/6!6(.)=!94#3!/#3!65$$)K1!/#3!/76(!)0$!./*)!)0/)!"!343#<)!0/%$!65/''$&1!"#!&$),&#=!+-!646)$&6!6)/&)$3!)$774#'!+$!)(!/*)!749$!/!+/#!/#3!0/%$!65/''$&!749$!$%$&-!()0$&!',-!J!4.!)0$-!(#7-!9#$5!0(5!+/#-!)4+$6!"!)&4$3!)0/)!(,)M1!

"!+/3$!/!.&4$#3!.&(+!+-!*(77$'$!/'$!50(!5/6!(,)!/#3!8&(,3!/:(,)!50(!0$!5/6!/#3!343#<)!*/&$!50/)!/#-:(3-!)0(,'0)1!>0&(,'0!04+!"!6/5!)0/)!0$!74%$3!/!74.$!54)0(,)!6$*&$)6=!8/&)4*,7/&7-!8$&)/4#4#'!)(!046!6$H,/74)-!J!5047$!"!*(,73#<)=! .(&! )0$! .$/&!(.! &$P$*)4(#!/#3!:$4#'!346(5#$3!:-!+-! ./+47-1!I$!5$&$!'(4#'!(,)! )(!*7,:6!/#3!0/%4#'! 6$H,/7!$#*(,#)$&6!J!+(&$!04+! )0/#!+$=!:$*/,6$! "!'()! &$P$*)$3!J!#()!:-!5(+$#! )046! )4+$=!:,)!:-!+$#K749$!5(5M!

26!)4+$!5$#)!:-!/#3!)0&(,'0!&$/34#'!:((96=!"!6)/&)$3!)(!*(+8&$0$#3!)0/)!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!("

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

".!"!343!+$$)!54)0!#4*$!8$(87$=!)0$-!5$&$!G"g!8(64)4%$!/#3!:4))$&=!(&!0/%4#'!,#8&()$*)$3!6$H!(&!:()0=!504*0!"!*7$/&7-!343#<)!749$!:/*9!)0$#!/#3!#(51!

26!)4+$!5$#)!(#!/#3! "!+(%$3!(,)!(#!+-!(5#=! "!3(%$! 4#)(!8&/-4#'!$%$&-!)4+$!)(!+/9$!)046!)04#'!'(!/5/-!:$*/,6$!4)!5/6!/..$*)4#'!+-!74.$1!2#-)04#'!:/3!)0/)!0/88$#$3!)(!+$!"!$F,/)$3!)(!:$4#'!'/-!(&!74%4#'!)046!b74.$6)-7$c!/#3!5(,73!8&/-!6(!+,*0!+(&$=!)0/)!"!:$*/+$!*/&$.,7!)(!/*)!(&!3(!:/3`!:,)!Q1!C-##!G/&&46<6!:((96!Le(3!:7$66!046!6(,7N!6)/&)$3!+$7)4#'!)0$!4*$!/5/-1!"!6)/&)$3! &$/34#'! 046! :((96! /#3! ,#3$&6)/#34#'! )0/)! :$4#'! '/-! 46! #()! (,&!(5#! +/94#'! /#3! )0/)! 4)! &$/77-! */#<)! :$! *0/#'$3`! "! /76(! 6)/&)$3! &$/34#'!/&)4*7$6! /:(,)! 0(5!()0$&! '/-! 8$(87$! 6)&,''7$3!54)0! )0$4&! 6$H,/74)-=! /#3!0(5! 6(+$! '/%$! ,8! %4/! 6,4*43$! (&! */+$! (,)! )(! 74%$! /! .&$$! 74.$1! "! 5/6!3$8&$66$3! /6! 5$77=! :$*/,6$! "! .$7)! )&/88$3! /#3! &$6)&4*)$3! L"! .(&'()! )(!+$#)4(#! )0/)! "! 5/6! &/46$3! 4#! /! B,674+! 0(+$`! "! *(+$! .&(+! /! %$&-!8&(+4#$#)! ./+47-! 4#! D4'$&4/`! /#3! +-! 3/3! /#3! +,+! /&$! ^04$.6! 4#! )0$!B,674+!*(++,#4)-N1!

2)!+-!*,&&$#)!P(:=!6(+$!8$(87$!6/5!&4'0)!)0&(,'0!+$!)0/)!"!5/6!/#-)04#'=!:,)! 6)&/4'0)`! /)! )0$! )4+$! )0/)! "! 6)/&)$3! )0$! P(:=! +-! #(5! 7(%/:7$! :(66!*(,73#<)!6)/#3!+$!/)!/77=!+(6)7-!+-!./,7)!J!/#()0$&!6)(&-!.(&!/#()0$&!)4+$M!>0&$$! 8$(87$! 4#! 8/&)4*,7/&!+/3$! 6,&$! )0$-! 68(9$! /:(,)! '/-! 8$(87$! 4#! /!3$'&/34#'!5/-! L(#$!(.! )0$+!5/6!4#34'#/#)=!+/4#7-!:$*/,6$! 60$!5/#)$3!/#3! #$$3$3! +$! )(! :$! +-6$7.! /#3! 6/5! +$! /6! /! 74/&=! /#3! )0$!()0$&! 5/6!/!*7(6$)! */6$N1!!C49$!+-! .(&+$&! 6$7.=! 0$! */#<)! /#3! 5(#<)! 6/-! 0$! 46! '/-`!:$*/,6$!0$!46!.&(+!X/+/4*/!/#3!046!,#*7$6!0/%$!)0&$/)$#$3!)(!346(5#!(&!0/&+!/#-(#$!)0/)!/*)$3!'/-!(&!5/6!'/-1!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!)"

>046!50(7$! )/,#)4#'! )04#'! 5$#)! (#! .(&!/:(,)! /! -$/&! (&! +(&$! :$.(&$!4#4)4/)4#'!)0$&/8-!6$664(#6!)(!)/79!/:(,)!+-!.$$74#'6!/#3!0(5!"!5/#)!/#3!#$$3!)(!3$/7!54)0!)0$+!:$.(&$!)0$-!$/)!+$!/74%$1!>0$!/3%4*$!"!'()!5/6!)(!74%$!+-!74.$!/#3!)0/)!4.!4#3$$3!4)!5/6!#()!/!80/6$=!50-!)&-!)(!.4'0)!4)!/77!)0$!)4+$1! !"! 6)/&)$3!(,)!54)0! :$4#'! /! :46$H,/7! .(&! /!5047$=! :,)!+-! *(E5(&9$&!)(73!+$!)0/)!60$!5/4)$3!.(&!+$!)(!&$/74W$!)0/)!"!5/6!#()!:46$H,/7=!:,)!'/-!)(!)0$!.,77$6)1!T0$!/76(!6/43!)0/)!b)0(,'0!4)!+/-:$!0/&3!)(!:$!'/-!L-$/0!4)!46=!:,)!-(,!P,6)!0/%$!)(!+/9$!6,&$!4)!46!#()!50/)!-(,!:/6$!-(,&!'(/76!/#3!74.$!(#!$%$&-3/-N=! 4)! 46! 4+8(&)/#)!)(!#()$!)0/)!$%$&-:(3-! 46!#()!'(##/!:$!6)&/4'0)!/#3!%4*$!%$&6/c1!T0$!/76(!+$#)4(#$3!)0/)!"!60(,73!*/&$!/:(,)!+-!74.$!/#3!#()!$%$&-:(3-!$76$<6=!$%$#!+-!8/&$#)6!/#3!64:74#'6!:$*/,6$!/)!)0$!$#3!(.!)0$!3/-=!4)!46!+-!74.$M!

B(%4#'! .(&5/&3=! "! :$'/#! $H8&$664#'! +-6$7.! :-! )/794#'! .7/'&/#)7-! /:(,)!0(5!0/#36(+$!/!+/#!46!54)0(,)!)&$843/)4(#!(.!50/)!8$(87$!+4'0)!6/-!(&!3(`! "!:$'/#!)/794#'!/:(,)!+-!:(-.&4$#3!67(57-!)(!8$(87$!50(!5/#)$3!)(!746)$#!(&!*0/)!54)0!+$1!"!:$'/#!:-!)$774#'!+-!64:74#'6!/#3!+-!+()0$&!/:(,)!+$!L"!:$74$%$!+-!+()0$&!9#$5=!:,)!5/6!/75/-6!54604#'!)0/)!"!.(,#3!/!'4&7!)(! +/&&-! /#3! 6$))7$! 3(5#! 54)01! T0$! 3($6#<)! :$74$%$! 4#! :$4#'! '/-! (&!/3(8)4#'!9436!(&!:()0`!/+(#'6)!()0$&6!)04#'6N1!

"!+/3$! )0$! 0,'$! 6)$8! (.!5/794#'! 4#! e2Z! h&43$! RS?R=!50$&$! "!5/6! 4#! )0$!+/'/W4#$!/#3!$%$&-:(3-!6/5!+$=!4#*7,34#'!+-!:(66!/#3!+-!*(!5(&9$&61!>0$! &,+(&6! /#3! )/,#)4#'! 34$3! 3(5#! /7+(6)! 4++$34/)$7-`! :$*/,6$! +-!34&$*)(&! 46!'/-`!Gi!G$/3! 46!'/-`! )0$!/))(&#$-!'$#$&/7!*(,#6$7! 46!'/-`!/#3!)0$&$!/&$!()0$&!'/-!8$(87$! 4#!+-!(&'/#4W/)4(#=! 6(!0(+(80(:4/!5/6!#()!8&(+4#$#)1!

"!0/%$!/*),/77-!#(5!/**$8)$3!)0$!./*)!)0/)! "!/+!/!'/-!D4'$&4/#!2+$&4*/#!LP,6)! :$*/+$! /! *4)4W$#N! /#3! )0$&$<6! /:6(7,)$7-! #()04#'! "! */#! /#3!5477! 3(!/:(,)!4)1!"!',$66!"!5/6!P,6)!/.&/43!(.!)0$!604)!6)(&+!)0/)!*(+$6!54)0!4)=!:,)!50/)!4#!)046!5(&73!3($6#<)!0/%$!6(+$!.(&+!(.!604)!6)(&+!/))/*0$3!)(!4)jM!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*+"

&:,(;+&<%=>&:,(;+&+$##&2&34+!"#$%&

!

"! &$+$+:$&!:,+84#'! 4#)(!/! *(,64#!(#!+-!5/-!0(+$=!(#$!$/&7-!$%$#4#'!/:(,)!$4'0)!-$/&6!/'(1!"!&$+$+:$&!4)!6(!5$77!:$*/,6$!)0$!*(#%$&6/)4(#!5$!0/3=!0/6!/75/-6!6)/-$3!54)0!+$1!

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

\&(+! 50/)! "! &$+$+:$&=! 4)! 0/3! :$$#! /! )-84*/7! 3/-! /)! 5(&9! /#3! "! 5/6!*$&)/4#7-! 7((94#'! .(&5/&3! )(! 64+87-! &$7/H4#'! (#! '$))4#'! 0(+$1! >0$!5/79!.&(+! )0$! 6)/)4(#! #(&+/77-! )((9! /:(,)! ?Y! J! RS! +4#,)$6! /#3! 6(! 4)! 5/6! /!7(%$7-!6,&8&46$!)(!:,+8!4#)(!+-!*(,64#!50(!74%$3!/!.$5!+4#,)$6!.&(+!+$=!4)!+$/#)! "! 0/3! *(+8/#-! .(&! )0$!5/791!I$! 0/3! #$%$&! :,+8$3! 4#)(! $/*0!/#()0$&=! 64#*$!346*(%$&4#'! )0/)!5$! 74%$3! 6(!*7(6$! )(!(#$!/#()0$&1! ")!5/6!#4*$!)(!*/)*0!,8!(#!50/)!0/3!:$$#!0/88$#4#'!4#!(,&!&$68$*)4%$!74%$61!

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

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!**"

$*0($3!50/)!0$!6/43!/#3!68(9$!(.!'/-!8$(87$=!749$!"!5/6!#()!(#$=!/#3!/)!6(+$!8(4#)! "!+(%$3!)0$!*(#%$&6/)4(#!)(!/#()0$&!6,:P$*)1!G46!0(,6$!5/6!P,6)!:$.(&$!+4#$=!/#3!6((#!5$!6/43!'((3:-$!/#3!8/&)$31!

_,&4#'!)0/)!*(#%$&6/)4(#=!50/)!0/3!)/9$#!+$!:-!6,&8&46$!5/6!)0$!60/+$!)0/)! "! 0/3! 6,33$#7-! .$7)! /:(,)! :$4#'! '/-1! Q%$#! )0(,'0! 0$! 0/3! :$$#!+/94#'! 4)! 6/.$! .(&!+$! )(! *(+$! (,)=! "!5/6! /.&/431! \(&!+/#-!+(#)06=!+-!&$68(#6$!3,&4#'!)0/)!$#*(,#)$&! &$/77-!60((9!+$`!50$&$!343!)0/)!6,33$#!60/+$! *(+$! .&(+j! I/6! "! #()! &$/77-! (9/-! 54)0! :$4#'! '/-j! G/3! "! :$$#!8&$)$#34#'!/77!/7(#'`!)0$6$!)0(,'0)6!/#3!+/#-!()0$&6!87/',$3!+$1!

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

>0$!-$/&6!8/66$3!/#3!5$!#$%$&!68(9$!/:(,)!)0/)!$#*(,#)$&1!I$!6/5!$/*0!()0$&!.&(+!)4+$E)(E)4+$=!68(9$!/:(,)!()0$&!)04#'6!/#3!3&4.)$3!4#!/#3!(,)!(.!$/*0!()0$&6<!74%$61!

C/6)!-$/&=!/:(,)!k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

2!.$5!+(#)06!/.)$&!)0/)!:,6!&43$=!+-!:(-.&4$#3!/#3!+-6$7.!5$&$!4#%4)$3!)(!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*!"

34##$&1! Q/&7-! (#! 3,&4#'! )0$! $%$#4#'=! "! :&(,'0)! ,8! )0/)! $#*(,#)$&! /#3!*(#%$&6/)4(#!54)0!+-!*(,64#1!G$!6/43!)0/)!0$!0/3!7$.)!)0$!$#*(,#)$&!/#'&-!)0/)!"!0/3!#()!*(+$!(,)!)(!04+1!G$!.$7)!)0/)!0$!0/3!:$$#!6,88(&)4%$!/#3!)0/)! "! 0/3! 64+87-! 346+466$3! 046! /))$+8)61! "! 5/6! )(,*0$3! :-! 046! 0(#$6)-!/#3!046! 643$!(.! )0$! 6)(&-1! >&,)0! 46=! "! #$%$&!(#*$! *(#643$&$3! )0/)!0$<3!:$!/#'&-!(&!,86$)!/:(,)!4)1!"!0/3!.$7)!)0/)!"!5/6!)0$!(#7-!(#$!50(!0/3!7$.)!)0$!$#*(,#)$&!:&,46$3`!.&(+!+-!(73!5(,#36!)0/)!0/3!&$6,&./*$31!

I$!68(9$!/:(,)!)0$!$#*(,#)$&!/'/4#!7/6)!5$$9=!/#3!5$!68(9$!/:(,)!)0$!P(,&#$-!(.!+/#-!'/-!+$#!/&(,#3!*(+4#'!(,)1!"!68(9$!/:(,)!)0$!./*)!)0/)!54)04#! )0$! D4'$&4/#! *,7),&$! )0$&$! 46! /! ;3(#<)! /69=! 3(#<)! )$77<! *(++(#7-!,#3$&6)((3!8&4#*487$1! "!+$#)4(#$3!)0/)! 4)! 46!/!8&4#*487$!)0/)!+/#-!(.!,6!J!4#*7,34#'!+-6$7.!J!6,:)7-!/:43$!:-1!"!+$#)4(#$3!)0/)!+/#-!'/-!+$#!(.)$#!)04#9! )0/)! )0$-! 5477! :$! &$P$*)$3! (&! #()! /**$8)$3! (#! *(+4#'! (,)! /#3!)0$&$.(&$!6(+$)4+$6!*(77,3$!54)0!)0$!647$#*$1!

"! .$7)! )0/)! 4#!(&3$&! .(&! )04#'6! )(! *0/#'$=!+(&$!8$(87$!5(,73!0/%$! )(!:$!*(,&/'$(,61!Q4)0$&!4#!/694#'!)0$!F,$6)4(#!J!/&$!-(,!'/-j!V&!4#!)0$!)$774#'!J!"!/+!'/-M!"!+$#)4(#$3!)0/)!3,&4#'!(,&!$#*(,#)$&!$4'0)!-$/&6!/'(=!"!5(,73!0/%$! 7(%$3!04+!)(!6/-!)(!+$!;2&$!-(,!'/-<j! "!5(,73!0/%$!5$7*(+$3!)0/)!34&$*)! /88&(/*01! ")! 5(,73! 0/%$! :$$#! )0$! .4#/7! 8,60! )0/)! "! #$$3$3=! #()!/694#'!34&$*)7-!+$/#)!)0/)!"!*(,73!6)477!043$!/#3!3$#-!+-!)&,)01!G$!6/43!)0/)!0$! 343! #()! 5/#)! )(! (%$&6)$8! )0$! +/&9! :-! :$4#'! 34&$*)1! "! *$&)/4#7-!,#3$&6)/#3!)0461!

"! 0/%$! #(! 43$/! 0(5! )0/)! 94#3!(.! 34&$*)! 34/7(',$! 6)/&)61! 2#3! "! 9#(5! )0/)!,7)4+/)$7-=! *(+4#'! (,)! 46! /! 3$$87-! 8$&6(#/7! *0(4*$1! G(5$%$&=!50/)! "! 3(!9#(5!46!)0/)!54)0(,)!(#$!8/&)-!)/94#'!)0$!&469!)(!:$!*(,&/'$(,6!/#3!/69!)0$! F,$6)4(#! (&! )$77! )0$! )&,)0=! #()04#'! 5477! *0/#'$1! 2#3! 54)0! #()04#'!*0/#'4#'=!+()0$&6! 749$!+4#$=! 0$&! '$#$&/)4(#! /#3! )0(6$! )0/)! .(77(5=!5477!*(#)4#,$!)(!:$74$%$!)0/)!:$4#'!'/-!46!;#()!8/&)!(.!(,&!*,7),&$<1!

!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*#"

?1"+&6,.7(8&34+&.$"(%&+,&.$&2&@"*"-,A&

!

27)0(,'0!"!/+!&$7/)4%$7-!*(#)$#)!54)0!+-!74.$!/#3!"!0/%$!*(+$!(,)!(.!)0$!*7(6$)! )(! 6(+$! 8$(87$=! "! 0/%$! $F,/77-! *0(6$#! )(! #()! *(+$! (,)! (.! )0$!*7(6$)!)(!()0$&61!

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j!718!_(!)0$-!&$/77-!#$$3!)(!9#(5!50/)!+-!6$H,/74)-! 46j!718! !_(!)0$-!#$$3!)(!9#(5!"!/+!#()!+(#('/+(,6!6$H,/77-j!718!

90:;! "! (:%4(,67-! L&4'0)7-! (&! 5&(#'7-N! .$/&! )0$! (84#4(#6! /#3! P,3'+$#)!L4#*7,34#'! *(#3$+#/)4(#N! (.! ()0$&! 8$(87$`! /#3! "! .$/&! :$4#'! 87/*$3! 4#! /!:(H!/#3!:$4#'!7/:$77$3!J!0$)$&(6$H,/7!(&!'/-!(&!:46$H,/7!(&!8&(+46*,(,6!J!"! P,6)!5/#)! )(!'$)!(#!54)0!+-! 74.$!54)0(,)!0/%4#'! )(! P,6)4.-!+-! 6$H,/74)-!/#3!74.$6)-7$!*0(4*$!)(!()0$&!8$(87$!,#7$66!4)!46!#<&,$.+%$:!#$*$66/&-1!

B-! /88&(/*0! )(! 74.$! /)! 8&$6$#)! 46! )0/)! "! 3(! /! *(6)! :$#$.4)! /#/7-6461! "!,#3$&)/9$!/! &469!/#/7-6461!I0/)!3(! "!0/%$! )(!'/4#!/#3!50/)!3(! "!0/%$! )(!7(6$! :-! 60/&4#'! 6(+$)04#'! /6! 8$&6(#/7! /6! +-! 6$H,/74)-=! +-! 6$H,/7!8&$.$&$#*$6!/#3!+-!6$H,/7!/*)4%4)4$6j!_(! "! 6)/#3!,8!/#3!'$)! *(,#)$3!(#!+/))$&6!/&(,#3!)0$!0,+/#!&4'0)6! 466,$6!/&(,#3!6$H,/74)-!50$#!4)!*(,#)6!(&!#()j!B-!0(#$6)!/#65$&!*/#!(#7-!:$!#()!/75/-61!!h$&0/86!/#(#-+(,67-=!:,)! #()! :-! 0(734#'!+-!0$/3!,8!04'0! /#3! 6/-4#'! )046! 46!50(! "! /+! )(! )0$!5(&73!J!"!/+!'/-!/#3!74%$!/!:46$H,/7!74.$6)-7$1!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*$"

"!3$)$&+4#$!50(!)(!*(+$!(,)!)((!:/6$3!(#!0(5!*(+.(&)/:7$!"!/+!54)0!/!8$&6(#!/#3!)0$!#/),&$!(.!+-!&$7/)4(#6048!54)0!8$(87$1!"!3(#<)!5/#)!)(!:$!$H*7,3$3! :-! *$&)/4#! 8$(87$1!QH*7,64(#! .(&! +$! L4#! 6(+$! 4#6)/#*$6N! 46! /!5(&6$! ./)$! )0/#! :$4#'! *(#3$+#$3! /6! ',47)-! (.! :$4#'! +-! /,)0$#)4*!6$H,/77-! 34%$&6$! 6$7.=! :$*/,6$! 4)! +$/#6! .(&.$4)4#'! 6(+$! &$7/)4(#60486!504*0! "! )&,7-! *0$&460! /#3! %/7,$1! !I0-! 3(! "! #$$3! )(! 60/&$! (&! 4+8(6$!+-!6$H,/74)-! (#! )0$! 8$(87$! 4#!+-! 74.$j!I0/)! /33$3! %/7,$! 46! )046! )(! )0$+!(&!3($6!)046!*&$/)$!.(&!+$!/#3!+-!6$7.E$6)$$+j!

_($6!)046!+$/#! "!/+! 74%4#'!/! 74$=! )0/)! "!/+!'&/8874#'!54)0!+-!*(#6*4$#*$!/#3!)0/)!+-!4#)$'&4)-!46!#()!/75/-6!/!*(#6)/#)j!_($6!)046!+$/#!"!/+!5$/9j!_($6! )046! +$/#! "! /+! 6$7.460j! V&! 3($6! )046! +$/#! "! 0/%$!+/3$! 4#.(&+$3!*0(4*$6!)(!3$/7!54)0!+-!4##$&!$+()4(#/7!),&+(47!/#3!+$#)/7!5$77:$4#'!4#!)0$!:$6)!5/-!"!9#(5!0(5j!"#!+-!*/6$=!)0$!/#65$&!46!/77!(.!)0$!/:(%$1!

^(+4#'! (,)! 46! F,4)$! )0$&/8$,)4*! /#3! */)0/&)4*! .(&! 6(+$! /#3! */#! 4#! +-!(84#4(#!:$!F,4)$!3/+/'4#'!/#3!)&/,+/)4*!.(&!()0$&61!I$!/77!0/%$!)(!+/9$!4#.(&+$3!*0(4*$6!/:(,)!50$)0$&! )(! *(+$!(,)!(&!#()1! "6! )0$&$!/! &4'0)!(&!5&(#'! )4+$! )(! *(+$! (,)j! "6! *(+4#'! (,)! /! '((3! )04#'! /#3! /! 64'#! (.!8&('&$66j!"!5(,73!6,''$6)!*(+4#'!(,)!60(,73!:$!/!5$77!)0(,'0)!)0&(,'0!8&(*$66! .(&! $/*0! /#3! $%$&-! 8$&6(#1!! "! 3(,:)! 4.! )0$&$! 46! /! &4'0)! (&!5&(#'!/#65$&! )(! /77! )0$! F,$6)4(#6! )0/)! "! 0/%$! &/46$31! Q%$&-(#$! 5477! 0/%$! /#!(84#4(#MMMMMMMM!

"!(.)$#!5(#3$&!4.!"!/+!'((3!8$&6(#!(&!/+!"!/!:/3!8$&6(#j!!"!(.)$#!5(#3$&!4.!)0$&$!46!/!&4'0)!(&!5&(#'!/#65$&!)(!+/#-!(.!)0$!F,$6)4(#6!/:(%$1!i4'0)!/#3! 5&(#'! 4#! +-! (84#4(#! /&$! (.)$#! /:6)&/*)! *(#*$8)6! L/! P,H)/8(64)4(#N!,6,/77-!4#.(&+$3!:-!6(*4$)/7=!684&4),/7!/#3!8$&6(#/7!%/7,$61!

!

!

!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*%"

B!17%&"C,)$&"##D&+,&+17($&,E(&%$#0&C$&+*4$F&2&34+!"#$%&

+"#!7/)$!T$8)$+:$&!RS?S=!"!%464)$3!D4'$&4/!54)0!)0$!8,&8(6$!(.!&$*(##$*)4#'!54)0!+-!+()0$&1!")!5/6!#()!/!P(,&#$-!)0/)!"!0/3!87/##$3!)(!)/9$=!:,)!"!0/3!&$/*0$3!/!8(4#)!(.!50$&$!"!9#$5!)0/)!4.!"!5/6!)&,7-!*(++4))$3!)(!74%4#'!/#!4#)$'&/)$3! /#3! *(#'&,$#)! 74.$=! )0$#! "! 5(,73! #$$3! )(! *(+$! (,)! )(! +-!+()0$&!/77!(%$&!/'/4#1!

"!0/3!*(+$!(,)!)(!0$&!/6!'/-=!?Y!-$/&6!8&4(&!/#3!4#!)0$!-$/&6!)0/)!.(77(5$3=!)0$! 6,:P$*)! 5/6! #$%$&! 346*,66$3! /'/4#1! "! 9#$5! 60$! 5/6! 0(84#'! )0/)! "!5(,73!'&(5!(,)!(.!4)1!2#3!(#!+-!8/&)=!"!64+87-!343!#()!5/#)!)(!&$74%$!)0$!8/4#.,7!$%$#)6!(.!)0$!#4'0)!"!0/3!*(+$!(,)!)(!0$&1!

26!5$!6/)!3(5#!4#!)0$!.&(#)!&((+!(.!0$&!/8/&)+$#)!4#!C/'(6!(#!)0$!#4'0)!(.! R@)0!T$8)$+:$&=! "! 9#$5! )0/)! )046! *(#%$&6/)4(#! 5(,73! :$! (#$! (.! )0$!+(6)! 64'#4.4*/#)! *(#%$&6/)4(#6! "! 5(,73! $%$&! 0/%$1! >0$! $..$*)! (.! )0$!*(#%$&6/)4(#! (#! +-! +()0$&! 5/6! ./&! 5(&6$! )0/#! "! *(,73! 0/%$! $%$&!4+/'4#$31!>0$!)&,)0!46=!4.!"!0/3!)0(,'0)!4)!5(,73!0/%$!'(#$!)0$!5/-!4)!343=!"!5(,73! #$%$&! 0/%$! 0/3! 4)`! "! 3(#<)! )04#9! "! /+! )0/)! *(,&/'$(,61! [,)!#(#$)0$7$66=!"!/+!'&/)$.,7!)(!0/%$!0/3!)0$!*(#%$&6/)4(#1!

26!"!7((9$3!4#)(!+-!+()0$&<6!$-$6!)0/)!#4'0)=!"!&$/74W$3!)0/)!)0$!6(#!4#!+$!)0/)! 60$! 6(! 3$64&$3! )(! 6$$!5/6! 7(#'! 3$/31! "! 0/3! )&4$3! )(! 9$$8! )0/)! 6(#!/74%$=!/#3! .(&!/! 7(#'! )4+$!0$!0/3!64+87-!:$$#!50468$&4#'! )(!+$=! ;7$)!+$!'(=!4)<6!)4+$!.(&!+$!)(!'(<1!

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

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*&"

*(#%$&6/)4(#!*(#)4#,$3=! "! &$/74W$3!)0/)!60$!5/6!6)477! )&-4#'!)(!*74#'!(#!)(!0$&! 6(#=!50(!5/6! 7(#'!'(#$1!2*9#(57$3'4#'! )0/)!0$!5/6!'(#$! 6$$+$3!)((!34..4*,7)!/!)/691!2.)$&!/77=!60$!+,6)!0/%$!0/3!3&$/+6=!0(8$6!/#3!3$64&$6!.(&!)0/)!6(#!(.!0$&61!

2! .$5!5$$96! /.)$&! )0/)! *(#%$&6/)4(#=! "! 3$*43$3! )0/)! "!5/#)$3! )(!0/%$!/!&4),/7! )(!0(#(&!)0$!8/664#'!(.! )0$!6(#!+-!+()0$&!5460$3! "!5$&$1! "!9#$5!)0/)!"!/76(!#$$3$3!)(!7$)!04+!'(=!.(&!/!7(#'!)4+$!"!0/3!/76(!:$$#!*(77,34#'!)(!9$$8!04+!/74%$1! "! 74)!/!*/#37$=!6/43!/!8&/-$&1! "! )0/#9$3!+-!-(,#'$&!6$7.!.(&!+/94#'!4)!)0&(,'0!*04730((3!/#3!/3(7$6*$#*$1!"!)0/#9$3!04+!.(&!/77!)0$!5463(+!)0/)!0$!5/6!7$/%4#'!+$1!"!0(#(&$3!+-!+()0$&!.(&!'4%4#'!0$&!6(#!74.$!/#3!"!)0/#9$3!0$&!.(&!)0$!P(,&#$-1!

"#! :&4#'4#'! )0$! &4),/7! )(! /! *7(6$=! "! 5&()$! /! 7$))$&! 4#! +-! P(,&#/7! )(! +-!+()0$&=!)$774#'!0$&!/:(,)!)0$!8/664#'!(.!0$&!6(#K11!

(((V-3(T.+&0K&,(:F!F!

A&$,(P,'(C/&*=Y=!

)( ,&9,&-(-.( =*2.,0(1.6(.2(-3&(/&$-3(.2(1.6,('.*(C/&M$%&(C/&K.%$(C/&*=Y="( )(D*.M(-3='(06'-(U.0&($'('3.UD=*9(*&M'($*/( )($0('.,,1(-.(K&(-3&(K&$,&,(.2('6U3(*&M'"(

#3&(U$6'&(.2(1.6,('.*'B(Z$''=*9(M$'(*.-( =00&/=$-&%1(U%&$,E('.(M&(-..D(-3&(%=K&,-1(.2(-$%D=*9(-.($(2&M(Z&.Z%&(M3.(D*&M(3=0E($'(M&%%($'(9.=*9(-3,.693(3='(Z&,'.*$%( &22&U-'"( \,.0(M3$-(M&( 3$+&( K&&*( $K%&( -.( Z6-( -.9&-3&,E(M&( 3$+&(9$-3&,&/(-3$-(1.6,('.*(M$'($(3.0.'&I6$%"(H&(6*/&,'-$*/(2,.0($(U.6Z%&(.2(Z&.Z%&(M&('Z.D&(-.(-3$-(1.6(M&,&($%,&$/1($M$,&(.2(-3='(2$U-"(

)-( $ZZ&$,'( 1.6,( '.*( M$'( *.-( =*( $*( =*-=0$-&( ,&%$-=.*'3=ZE( $%-3.693( M&(6*/&,'-$*/(-3$-(3&(3$/(,&U&*-%1(/&U=/&/(.*(&IZ%.,=*9(K&=*9(=*(.*&"((H&($,&(*.-('6,&(3.M(2$,(3&(9.-(=*(-3='(_6&'-E(K6-(3='(2,=&*/'(-&%%(6'(-3$-(2.,(-3&(2=,'-(-=0&(&+&,1(-3&1('$M($('=/&(.2(1.6,('.*(-3&1(*&+&,(-3.693-(-3&1(M.6%/('&&"(#3&1( -&%%( 6'( -3$-( 3&( M$'( -,6%1( .Z&*( -.( %.+&( $*/( M$'( %..D=*9( 2.,M$,/( -.(

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*'"

0&&-=*9($*/('3$,=*9(3='(%=2&(M=-3(`-3&(.*&B"(

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a(3='(U.%%&$96&'($%%(D*&M(-3$-(3&(M$'(9$1"(

;.0&(.2(-3&(&*-,=&'(2,.0($*(&$,%1(Y.6,*$%(.2(3='(-3$-(M&(2.6*/(=*/=U$-&(-3$-(3&(3$/('-,699%&/(M=-3(U.0=*9(-.(-&,0'(M=-3(K&=*9(/=22&,&*-E(K6-(3$/(U.0&(-.( $UU&Z-( -3$-( K&=*9( /=22&,&*-( /=/( *.-( 0&$*( 3&( M$'( /$0$9&/E( 2%$M&/E(6*%.+$K%&(.,(U.*/&0*&/(-.(&-&,*$%(/$0*$-=.*"(

P,'(C/&*=Y=E(/6,=*9(.6,(=*+&'-=9$-=.*(M&(U$0&(-.(%&$,*(-3$-(1.6,('.*(M$'($(-,6%1( $0$b=*9( Z&,'.*( M3.( ,&26'&/( -.( %=+&( $( %=2&( .2( _6=&-( /='U.*-&*-"( Q='(2,=&*/'( -&%%( 6'( -3$-( 3&( *&+&,( M$*-&/( -.( 0=''( 3='( %=2&( K1( *.-( %=+=*9( =-( 26%%1E($6-3&*-=U$%%1($*/(M=-3(=*-&9,=-1($*/(U.0Z$''=.*"(

C( 2&M( .2( 1.6,( '.*'( 2,=&*/'( 2&%-( -3$-( 1.6,( '.*( *&+&,( /=/( 9&-( -.( D*.M( 3.M($0$b=*9($(Z&,'.*(3&(M$'($*/(3.M(06U3(3&(M$'(%.+&/"(#3='(M$'(U.*2=,0&/(K1('.0&(.2(3='(0.,&(,&U&*-(Y.6,*$%(&*-,=&'(M3&,&(3&(-$%D'($K.6-(M3&-3&,(3&(M.6%/(&+&,(2=*/($(0$*(M3.(-,6%1($UU&Z-&/(3=0($*/(%.+&/(3=0"(Q&(*&+&,(%&-(-3='( '-.Z( 3=0( -3.693"( Q&( '-=%%( M&*-( .6-( -3&,&( $*/( %=+&/( $*/( /$*U&/E(&0K,$U=*9(M3$-&+&,(%=2&(-3,&M($-(3=0"(

c&'E(P,'(C/&*=Y=E(1.6,('.*(M$'($*($0$b=*9(0$*($*/(=-( ='(M=-3(/&&Z('$/*&''(-3$-(M&(-&%%(1.6(-3$-(3&(='(*.(%.*9&,(M=-3(6'"(

>=*/(R&9$,/'E((

C(2,=&*/(.2(1.6,('.*B(

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*("

V#!Rk!X,7-!RS?R=!"!&$*$4%$3!)0$!#$56!)0/)!+-!+()0$&!0/3!8/66$3!/5/-1!I$!0/3!0/3!(#7-!)0&$$!*(#%$&6/)4(#6=!64#*$!)0/)!./4)0.,7!#4'0)1!"!)&/%$77$3!:/*9!)(!C/'(6=!.(&!)0$!.,#$&/7!/#3!)0$!.4#/7!'((3:-$1!_,&4#'!)0/)!50(7$!8$&4(3=!"!.(,#3!+-6$7.!&$.7$*)4#'!(#!)0$!&$7/)4(#6048!"!0/3!54)0!0$&!J!!)0$!,86=!)0$!3(5#6!/#3!$%$&-)04#'!4#!:$)5$$#1!

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

2#3! )0$&$.(&$=!+/#-! 7$/&#! )(! *(#.(&+! /#3! 043$=! "! ',$66! :$*/,6$!+/#-!.$$7!4#/,)0$#)4*!/**$8)/#*$!(&!*(#34)4(#/7!/**$8)/#*$!46!+,*0!:$))$&!)0/#!$H874*4)! &$P$*)4(#! /#3! /:/#3(#+$#)1! T/37-=! )046! +$/#6! )0/)! #()04#'!*0/#'$6=!:$*/,6$!+/#-!/&$!)((!/.&/43!)(!0$$3!T0/9$68$/&$<6!5(&36!/#3!;)(!)04#$!(5#!6$7.!:$!)&,$<1!

B-! &$7/)4(#6048! 54)0! +-! +()0$&=! /7:$4)! 4#34&$*)7-=! )/,'0)! +$! )0$!4+8(&)/#*$!(.!60(54#'!,8!4#!+-!(5#!C4.$!/#3!74%4#'!+-!(5#!>&,)01!")!5/6!6(+$)04#'!"!0/3!8&(+46$3!+-6$7.=!/.)$&!+4664#'!)0/)!(88(&),#4)-!54)0!+-!./)0$&1!T0$!5/6!/#!/+/W4#'!)$/*0$&!/#3!$%$#!)0(,'0!5$!#$%$&!'()!&(,#3!)(! 0/%4#'! )0/)! .4#/7! $+:&/*$=! "! /+! .(&$%$&! '&/)$.,7! )0/)! "! 0/3! )0$!(88(&),#4)-!)(!60(5!,8!/6!+-6$7.!4#!(,&!&$7/)4(#60481!

&"

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!*)"

G/&5$A4"#7+/&7%&"&H4."(&I781+&2&<J3+1$*&6,(K$*($-&J78$*7"(&

!

"! 343! #()!5/9$! ,8! (#! /! 6,##-! T/),&3/-!+(&#4#'=! -/5#=! 6)&$)*0! /#3! )$77!+-6$7.=!;"<+!)4&$3!(.!:$4#'!6)&/4'0)=!)(3/-!46!/!'((3!3/-!)(!:$!'/-1<!

"<%$!/75/-6!:$$#!'/-1!"<%$!/75/-6!:$$#!(#!)046!7$66!)/9$#!8/)0!.(&!/6!7(#'!/6!"!*/#!&$+$+:$&1!")<6!/6!#/),&/7!)(!+$=!/6!4)!46!.(&!/!3(%$!3$64'#$3!)(!.7-=!#()!654+1!26!#/),&/7!)(!+$=!/6!4)!46!.(&!/#!$/'7$!:(&#!)(!6(/&=!#()!*&/571!

B-! 0$/&)! /#3! 6(,7! /&$! *0/##$7$3! )(! )046! 8/)0! /#3! 54)0(,)! $H8&$664#'!+-6$7.=!"<+!749$!/#!$/'7$!*/'$3!.(&$%$&1!

B$!/#3!+-!:(-.&4$#3!/&$#<)!34..$&$#)!.&(+!/#-!()0$&!*(,87$1!I$!60/&$!)E604&)6=! )/79!/:(,)! .(():/77!/#3!:((96!L0$<6!/! .(():/77$&=! "<+!/!5&4)$&N=!5$!7/,'0=!5$!*&-=!5$!0$78!(,&!#$4'0:(&6=!5$!8&/-=!5$!8/-!)/H$6=!5$!7(%$=!5$!7(%$!)(!3$-!*0(8!/9/&/!/#3!3&4#9!9,#,K!

>0$!:/64*!)04#'!46!IQ!2iQ!GfB2D1!".!-(,!4#646)=!"<+!,##/),&/7!:$*/,6$!"<+!34..$&$#)!.&(+!50/)!(**,&6!&$',7/&7-!4#!#/),&$=!)0$#!4)<77!:$!./4&!)(!6/-!"<+!/6! ,##/),&/7! /6! /#! /7:4#(=! /6! ,##/),&/7! /6! /! 7$.)! 0/#3$3! 8$&6(#=! /6!,##/),&/7!/6!)54#6!L504*0!,6$3!)(!:$!9477$3!4#!8/&)6!(.!D4'$&4/=!4#!)0$!8/6)=!3,$!)(!4'#(&/#*$N1!>GQ!VDCZ!>G"De!>G2>!"T!fDD2>fi2C!"T!G2>Q1!

"!9#(5!"<+!/!+/6)$&84$*$=!.(&!+-!*&$/)(&!+/9$6!#(!+46)/9$!/#3!*&$/)$6!/77!+$#!)(!046!'7(&-1!B-!60$80$&3!7(%$6!+$=!#(!+/))$&!50(!"!7(%$1!

"!:$74$%$!'/-!8$(87$!5$&$!*&$/)$3!.(&!)0$!5(&73!)(!7$/&#!/!7$66(#!4#!7(%$1!2!7$66(#!)0/)!6(+$!/&$!./474#'=!.(&!)0$-<%$!./47$3!)(!&$/74W$!)0/)!+-!&4'0)!)(!7(%$=!+-!&4'0)!)(!$H8&$66!+-!.$$74#'6=!/#3!+-!6$H,/74)-=!46!/!0,+/#!&4'0)1!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!+"

L$7(8&-700$*$(+&"(-&+1$&M,4*($/&+,E"*-%&%$#02"KK$N+"(K$&2&34+!"#$%&

!

>0$&$!/&$! )5(!6)(&4$6!+-! .(6)$&!+,+!&$*(,#)6! .&(+!+-!*04730((3!$/*0!)4+$!"!6$$!0$&1!D(!+/))$&!0(5!+/#-!)4+$6!"!0$/&!)0(6$!6)(&4$6=! 4)!/75/-6!.$$76!749$!)0$!.4&6)!)4+$=!54)0!+$!0/#'4#'!(#)(!$%$&-!5(&3!60$!,))$&61!

>0$!.4&6)!6)(&-!46!.&(+!50$#!"!5/6!/:(,)!l=!/#3!"!5$#)!54)0!)0$!./+47-!)(!6$$!;[$39#(:6!/#3![&((+6)4*96<1!I0$#!)0$!6(#'!;>0$!:$/,)4.,7!:&4#-!6$/<!*/+$! (#=! "! :,&6)! 4#)(! 6(#'1! D()! (#7-! 343! "! 64#'=! :,)! 6/#'! 7(,37-! 4#! )0$!*&(53$3! *4#$+/1! B-! .(6)$&! :&()0$&! )(73! +$! )(! 9$$8! F,4$)=! /6! "! 5/6!346),&:4#'!8$(87$=!)(!504*0!"!&$68(#3$3!.4&+7-=!;#(=!"!9#(5!)0$!5(&36!/#3!"!/+!'(4#'!)(!64#'!/7(#'<1!2#3!6(!"!*(#)4#,$3!64#'4#'1!

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

")<6!$/6-!)(!'$)!7(6)! 4#!)0$!74)$&/7!+$/#4#'!(.!:()0!6)(&4$6=!(&!64+87-!)04#9!(.!)0$+!/6!*,)$=!504*0!"!343!.(&!-$/&61!>0$!.4&6)!6)(&-!*(,73!:$!4#)$&8&$)$3!/6!/!*0473!+46:$0/%4#'!6(*4/77-!/#3!:$4#'!*/77$3!)(!(&3$&1!>0$!6$*(#3!6)(&-!*(,73!$/647-!:$!8$&*$4%$3!/6!)0$!4+8/*)!(.!74%4#'!)0$!.4&6)!.4%$!-$/&6!(.!+-!*04730((3=!54)0!/!504)$!.(6)$&!./+47-!74%4#'!4#!m$#)=!Q#'7/#31!

")! 5/6! (#7-! 50$#! "! 0$/&3! )0$! 6)(&4$6! /'/4#! )046! -$/&! )0/)! "! .4#/77-!,#3$&6)((3!0(5!)0$!$66$#*$!.&(+!:()0!6)(&4$6!0/%$!87/-$3!/!64'#4.4*/#)!8/&)!4#!0(5!"!0/3!74%$3!+-!74.$1!>0$!$66$#*$!/)!)0$!0$/&)!(.!)0$!.4&6)!6)(&-!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!*"

5/6=! ;6$7.E$H8&$664(#! /#3! :$4#'! +-6$7.=! &$'/&37$66! (.! 50/)! ()0$&6!)0(,'0)<1!2#3!.(&!)0$!6$*(#3!6)(&-=!)0$!$66$#*$!5/6=!;*(#.(&+4#'!4#!(&3$&!)(!.$$7!/!6$#6$!(.!:$7(#'4#'=!*(#.(&+4#'!4#!(&3$&!)(!.$$7!/!6$#6$!(.!"!/+!(9/-<1!

f8!,#)47!&$*$#)7-=!"!0/3!68$#)!+(6)!(.!+-!74.$!'(4#'!3(5#!)0$!8/)0!(.!)0$!6$*(#3! 6)(&-1! \(&! 749$! +-! )0$#! YE-$/&! (73=! "! 0/%$! '&(5#! ,8! *(#6)/#)7-!/5/&$!)0/)!"!5/6!34..$&$#)!4#!(#$!5/-!(&!/#()0$&1!>0/)!"!343!#()!.4)!4#)(!)0$!+/P(&4)-`!)0/)!*(77$*)4%$!6(*4$)-!(.)$#!7/:$77$3!/6!;#(&+/7<1!2#3!/7(#'!)0$!5/-=! "! */+$! )(! $F,/)$! :$4#'! 34..$&$#)=! 54)0! :$4#'! .7/5$3=! :&(9$#! /#3!3/+/'$31! T(!0(5!343! "! *(+$! )(! 7$/&#! )046j!I$77=! 4)! 0/88$#$3!'&/3,/77-=!3,&4#'!)0$!P(,&#$-!(.!'&(54#'!,81!

"! &$+$+:$&! )0$! $/6)$&! /#3! 6,++$&! %/*/)4(#6! 68$#)! /)! +-! *(,64#6!:$)5$$#!/'$6!knAn@1!Q%$&-!$%$#4#'!/)!34##$&=!+-!/,#)!5(,73! )$77!+$!(..!.(&!,64#'!+-! 7$.)!0/#3! )(!$/)=! /6! 4)!5/6! *,7),&/77-!,#/**$8)/:7$1!h&4(&! )(!)0/)=! "! 3(! #()! &$+$+:$&! #()4*4#'! )0/)! "! 5/6! 7$.)E0/#3$3! /#3! )0$&$.(&$!34..$&$#)!.&(+!()0$&61! !2#3!6(=! "!+/3$!/))$+8)6!)(!*(#.(&+!:-!,64#'!+-!&4'0)!0/#3`!)(!#(!/%/471!

"!&$+$+:$&!3$%$7(84#'!&$/77-!:/3!/6)0+/!50$#!"!5/6!/:(,)!@!/#3!0/%4#'!)(!:$!&,60$3!4#)(!0(684)/7!(#!/!#,+:$&!(.!(**/64(#6=!5$77! 4#)(!+-!)$$#6=!:-!+-!+()0$&1!"!&$+$+:$&!:$4#'!/5/&$!)0/)!"!343!#()!9#(5!/#-(#$!54)0!)046! *(#34)4(#! /#3! 6$$4#'! 4)! /6! $%43$#*$! )0/)! "!5/6! 4#3$$3!34..$&$#)! /#3!)0$&$.(&$!.7/5$31!

"!&$+$+:$&!3$%$7(84#'!/7(8$*4/!50$#!"!5/6!?S=!504*0!+$/#)!)0/)!(%$&!/!8$&4(3!(.!/!.$5!+(#)06=!"!7(6)!/77!+-!:(3-!0/4&1!"!&$+$+:$&!'(4#'!)0&(,'0!G4'0!T*0((7=! :,774$3! /#3! &434*,7$3! .(&!:$4#'! )0$!34..$&$#)! 9431!2#3! 4#!+-!$..(&)! )(!*(#.(&+!/#3!:$7(#'=! "!5(&$!/!*/8! .(&!+/#-!-$/&6! )(!*(%$&!+-!60/+$1!_,&4#'!)046!8$&4(3=!+-!:$74$.! )0/)!:$4#'!34..$&$#)=!$F,/)$3!:$4#'!.7/5$3=!'&$5!$%$#!+(&$1!

26!-(,!*/#! 4+/'4#$=!:-!)0$!)4+$!"!*/+$!)(!&$/74W$!)0/)! "!5/6!#()! 749$!)0$!()0$&!9436! 4#!)$&+6!(.!+-!6$H,/7!(&4$#)/)4(#=! "!5/6!/! 7(#'!5/-!3(5#!)0$!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!!"

8/)0!(.! !:$74$%4#'! )0/)! ;:$4#'!34..$&$#)! .4&+7-! $F,/)$3!3/+/'$3=!:&(9$#!/#3!.7/5$3<1!\(&!+/#-!-$/&6=!)0/)!:$74$.!5(,73!*(+$!)(!3&4%$!+-!:$0/%4(&!/#3!0(5!"!60(5$3!,8!4#!+/#-!74.$!64),/)4(#61!

"#!&$.7$*)4#'!(#!)0$6$!)5(!)0$+$6!.&(+!+-!*04730((3=! "!/+!&$+4#3$3!(.!)0$!^0$&(9$$!6)(&-!(.!;>0$!I(7%$6!54)04#<1!>0$!6)(&-!'($6o!

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

#3&(9,$*/'.*(-3.693-($K.6-(=-(2.,($(0=*6-&($*/(-3&*($'D&/(3='(9,$*/2$-3&,E(JH3=U3(M.%2(M=%%(M=*dN(#3&(9,$*/2$-3&,(,&Z%=&/E(`-3&(.*&(1.6(2&&/B"(

I0/)!"!0/%$!.4#/77-!*(+$!)(! 7$/&#!)046!-$/&! 46!)0/)!"!)((!0/%$!)5(!5(7%$6!4#643$! +$1! >0$! .4&6)! 5(7.! 46! /77! /:(,)! J! 6$7.E$H8&$664(#! /#3! :$4#'! +-!/,)0$#)4*! 6$7.1! >0$! 6$*(#3!5(7.! 46! /77! /:(,)! J! *(#.(&+4#'! /#3! 0434#'=! 4#!(&3$&!)(!.$$7!/!6$#6$!(.!%/743/)4(#!/#3!/**$8)/#*$1!

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

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!#"

>046!-$/&!0/6!:$$#!8&$))-!+,*0!/:(,)!&$*(##$*)4#'!54)0!)0/)!lE-$/&!(73=!50(!(#*$!:,&6)!(,)!4#)(!6(#'!4#!/!*&(53$3!*4#$+/1!>0/)!lE-$/&!(73=!50(!343!#()!*/&$!0(5!0$!5/6!8$&*$4%$3!:-!()0$&6`!/77! )0/)!&$/77-!+/))$&$3!)(!04+!4#!)0/)!+(+$#)=!5/6!)(!:$!046!/,)0$#)4*!6$7.1!

>046!-$/&=!/6! "!0/%$! P(,&#$-$3!3(5#!)046!8/)0!(.!*(#6*4(,67-! .$$34#'!+-!5(7.! (.! 6$7.E$H8&$664(#=! "! .(,#3! )0/)! "! 0/%$! 0/3! )(! 7$)! 6(+$! .&4$#36! /#3!./+47-! '(! /#3! 6(+$! 0/%$! 4#3$$3! 7$)! +$! '(! )((1! !Z$)=! 50/)! "! 0/%$! /76(!346*(%$&$3! 3,&4#'! )046! P(,&#$-=! 46! )0/)! /+/W4#'! 8$(87$! /&$! *(#)4#,(,67-!*(+4#'!4#)(!+-!74.$=!8$(87$!50(!5$7*(+$!/#3!$#*(,&/'$!+-!5(7.!(.!6$7.E$H8&$664(#!/#3!/,)0$#)4*4)-1!

")<6!:$$#!/#!$H*4)4#'! P(,&#$-=!/!6*/&-! P(,&#$-=!/#3!/!*0/77$#'4#'! P(,&#$-1!2#3!-$)=!4)!0/6!/76(!:$$#!/#3!*(#)4#,$6!)(!:$!/!P(,&#$-!5(&)0!)/94#'1!

!

!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!$"

!1$&@"*"-,A&,0&I$#787,(&"(-&O"7+1&2&@"*"-,A&

!

i$74'4(#! 0/6! 4#! )0$! 8/6)! 87/-$3! /#! 4#)$'&/7! 8/&)! (.! +-! 74.$! /#3! 0/6!64'#4.4*/#)7-! 4+8/*)$3! (#! 0(5! +-! 6$H,/74)-! /#3! 6$H,/7! (&4$#)/)4(#! 0/6!$%(7%$31!i$74'4(#!L^0&46)4/#4)-!/#3!"67/+N!0/6! 4+8/*)$3!(#!50(!"!/+!/#3!0(5!"!*(#)4#,$!)(! 74%$!+-! 74.$!)(!/!*$&)/4#!3$'&$$`!/#3!)0$!*0(4*$6!)0/)! "!0/%$!+/3$=!/#3!*(#)4#,$!)(!+/9$1!

"#!+-!(84#4(#=!)0$!I$6)!2.&4*/#!*,7),&$=!LD4'$&4/#!*,7),&$!)(!:$!68$*4.4*!)(!+$N!4#)$&)54#$6!&$74'4(#=!./4)0!/#3!684&4),/74)-!L:$!4)!^0&46)4/#4)-!(&!"67/+!(&!()0$&! )&/34)4(#/7!5(&604884#'N!54)0!:$4#'!$)04*/7! /#3!+(&/71!G$#*$=!3,$!)(! +-! &$74'4(,6! ,8:&4#'4#'! L+-! 3/3! 46! /! ^0&46)4/#! /#3! +-! +,+! 46! /!B,674+N=!"!5(,73!6,''$6)!)0/)!)046!+/3$!+$!'$)!+/&&4$3!)(!/!.$+/7$!/#3!0/%$!/!./+47-`!/#3!4#4)4/77-!6,88&$66!/#3!.4'0)!/'/4#6)!50(!"!)&,7-!/+1!

^0&46)4/#4)-! /#3! "67/+! 3(! )046! :-! /3%(*/)4#'! L(&! 8&$/*04#'N! %/&4(,6!.,#3/+$#)/7! 3('+/6`! /#3! "!5(,73! /&',$! )0$6$!3('+/6!0/%$! 4#6)477$3! 4#!+$! /! .(&+!(.! .$/&! )0&(,'0! $+()4(#/7! /#3! 86-*0(7('4*/7! :7/*9+/471! "! 343!#()!)04#9!.(&!+-6$7.!/#3!"!5/6!(#*$!/!',774:7$!/#3!5$/9!8$&6(#!4#!6$/&*0!(.!6(+$)04#'!)(!*(8$!54)0!+-!:&(9$#!0(+$!74.$!64),/)4(#1!

!"67/+!6,''$6)6!)0/)!0,+/#!4#6)4#*)6!*/#!:$!6,:P$*)$3!)(!/*)6!(.!5477`!/#3!6$H,/74)-! 46! /! *0(4*$! (.! 43$#)4)-=! 504*0! .(77(56! *0(4*$6! (.! /*)4(#! /#3!*0(4*$6! (.! 50/)! )(! 0/%$! 6$H,/7! ./#)/64$6! /:(,)1! "67/+! 6,''$6)6! )0/)!0,+/#!:$4#'6!/&$!$68$*4/77-! /:7$! )(! *(#)&(7! )0$4&! )0(,'0)6=! $#)$&)/4#4#'!6(+$!/#3!346+4664#'!()0$&61!"!)&4$3!)046!.(&!/!64'#4.4*/#)!8$&4(3!(.!+-!74.$=!:,)!4)!343!#()!5(&9!.(&!+$1!

>0$! :4:7$!5/6!+-!+/4#! 6)/#3/&3! (#! 0(5! )(! 74%$!+-! 74.$! /#3!5(&60484#'!54)0! .$77(5!^0&46)4/#6!5/6!+-!6,&&('/)$!./+47-1! "! )0$&$.(&$!,6$3!&$74'4(#!L^0&46)4/#4)-N! /6! +-! *&,)*0! /#3! "! :74#37-! /#3! 4&&/)4(#/77-! .(77(5$3! )046!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!%"

8/&)4*,7/&!:$74$.!6-6)$+!3$684)$!)0$!86-*0(7('4*/7!3/+/'$!4)!5/6!3(4#'!)(!+$1!"!5/6!/!0-8(*&4)$!/#3!:4'()`!/#3!"!5/6!74%4#'!/!74$1!

Q%$#! P,6)! :-! 5&4)4#'! )046! 84$*$=! "! .$$7! /6! 4.! "! /+! 3(4#'! 6(+$)04#'!:7/680$+(,61!>046!46!0(5!3$$8!6$$3$3!&$74'4(#!8$&+$/)$6!+$=!3$684)$!+$!#(5!:$74$%4#'!)0/)! "!0/%$!+-!(5#!)/9$!(#!&$74'4(#=! ./4)0!/#3!684&4),/74)-`!/#3! e(3! L)0$! /780/=! (+$'/! /#3! (+#48()$#)! T,8&$+$! [$4#'N! 7(%$6! +$!5/&)6!/#3!/771!

26!/!^0&46)4/#=!)0$![4:7$!46!6,88(6$3!)(!:$!)0$!.4#/7!/,)0(&4)-!.(&!:()0!+-!:$74$.!/#3!:$0/%4(,&!/#3!"!0/3!:$$#!4#3(*)&4#/)$3!)0&(,'0!)0$!)$/*04#'6!(.! )0$!:4:7$! )0/)!/3,7)$&-! 46!/!64#1!23,7)$&-! 4#! )0$!#/),&/7! 6$#6$! 46! 6$H,/7!4#)$&*(,&6$!(.!/!+/&&4$3!8$&6(#!54)0!6(+$(#$!()0$&!)0/#!046!(&!0$&!(5#!68(,6$1!")!46!*(#3$+#$3!4#!:()0!)0$!V73!/#3!D$5!>$6)/+$#)6!(.!)0$!:4:7$!LQH(3,6!RSo?l`!"!^(&1!Uo@=!?SN1!"#!)0$!:4:7$=!^0&46)!.(&:436!35$774#'!,8(#!)0$!)0(,'0)6=! )0$! .&$$! 87/-! (.! (#$<6! 4+/'4#/)4(#! )0/)! 7$/36! )(! /3,7)$&-!LB/))0$5!YoRAN1!

Z$)! 3$684)$! 9#(54#'! /77! )0$! /:(%$=! )0$!8/&/3(H! 46! )0/)! "! *(#)4#,$! )(!:$!/3,7)$&(,6! )(! )046! 3/-`! 3$684)$! /6! /! ^0&46)4/#=! "! 9#(5! )0/)! )046! 46! /! 64#1! "!*(++4)! )0$! /*)!(.! .(&#4*/)4(#! J! )0$! 4774*4)! 6$H! /*)6!(.! ,#+/&&4$3!8$&6(#6!504*0!/&$!.(&:433$#!4#!)0$!:4:7$!L"!^(&4#)04/#6!Yo?`!Uo?a=!?A`!Q80$64/#6!YoaN`!/#3!)(!+/9$!+/))$&6!5(&6$=!"!3(!)046!54)0!)0$!6/+$!'$#3$&1!"#!)0$![4:7$!4)!46! 5&4))$#=! b>0(,! 60/77! #()! 74$! 54)0! +/#94#3=! /6! 54)0! 5(+/#94#3o! 4)! 46!/:(+4#/)4(#c! LC$%4)4*,6! ?AoRRN1! b".! /! +/#! /76(! 74$6! 54)0! +/#94#3=! /6! 0$!74$)0!54)0!/!5(+/#=!:()0!(.!)0$+!0/%$!*(++4))$3!/#!/:(+4#/)4(#o!)0$-!60/77! 6,&$7-! :$! 8,)! )(! 3$/)0`! )0$4&! :7((3! 60/77! :$! ,8(#! )0$+c! LC$%4)4*,6!RSo?aNc1!

26!/!^0&46)4/#=!"!/+!/!64##$&!:$*/,6$!"!0/%$!/!7(#'E6)/#34#'!.$+/7$!8/&)#$&!)(!50(+!"!/+!+/&&4$3=!:,)!"!/+!/!0(+(6$H,/7!)0/)!#$$36!)0$!.,7.47+$#)!(.!6$H!54)0!+-! .$77(5E+/#1! "#! )0$!:4:7$=!0(+(6$H,/74)-! 46! *(#3$+#$31!>0$!28(6)7$! h/,7=! :$74$%$3! )(! :$! 5&4)4#'! :-! 4#684&/)4(#! (.! )0$! G(7-! T84&4)=!3$*7/&$3! )0/)! 0(+(6$H,/76! b60/77! #()! 4#0$&4)! )0$! 94#'3(+! (.! e(3c! L"!^(&4#)04/#6!Uo@`!?SN1!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!&"

Z$)!$)04*/77-!/#3!+(&/77-=!4#!+/#-!6(*4$)4$6=!3$684)$!8$(87$6<!&$74'4(#=!./4)0!/#3!684&4),/74)-=!:$4#'!/!0(+(6$H,/7!5(,73!:$!3$$+$3!4++(&/7`!3$684)$!4)!:$4#'!7$'/7!4#!)0$!5$6)$&#!5(&73=!50$&$!"!*,&&$#)7-!&$643$1!

"!0/%$!*(#*7,3$3!)0/)!5$!*/#!/77!:$!+(&/7=!84(,6!/#3!6$7.E&4'0)$(,6=!6,*0!)0/)!5$!7((9!3(5#!/)!()0$&6!/#3!8,)!.$/&!4#)(!)0(6$!50(!3(#<)!/30$&$!)(!/! 8/&)4*,7/&! 43$(7('4*/7! &$74'4(#=! ./4)0=! 6(*4$)/7! (&! 684&4),/7! 6)/#3/&31!G(5$%$&=!,7)4+/)$7-!"!+,6)!:$!)0$!:$6)!8$&6(#!)0/)!"!*/#!:$`!/#3!&$+/4#!6/#$1!

"! 0/%$! &$E4#%$#)$3! +-! 8$&6(#/7! $)04*6! /#3! %/7,$6=! /#3! *&$/)$3! L4#! +-!(84#4(#N!/!&$68(#64:7$!74.$6)-7$!/#3!.(6)$&!&$7/)4(#60486!)0/)!6$&%$!+-!(5#!#$$36=! $%$#! )0(,'0! +-! 8$&6(#/7! $)04*6! 3(! #()! L(&! +/-! #()N! .4)! 54)0!+/4#6)&$/+!6(*4$)-!(&!&$74'4(,6!&,7$6!(.!8$&6(#/7!*(#3,*)1!

"!:$74$%$!)0/)!"!60(,73!#()!:$!54*9$3!/#3!$%47!)(!()0$&61!"!6)&4%$!#()!)(!74$=!*0$/)!54)0!)0$!4#)$#)4(#!(.!:$4#'!*&,$7=!+/74*4(,6!/#3!3$74:$&/)$7-!54*9$3!)(!()0$&6`!$68$*4/77-!)0(6$!)0/)!"!6$7.E3$)$&+4#$!/6!+-!./+47-1!

"! 0/%$! $+:&/*$3! $7$+$#)6! (.! &$74'4(#6! /#3! )&/34)4(#/7! ./4)06! )(! 3$%$7(8!+-!(5#!6$7.E3$)$&+4#$3!684&4),/74)-!504*0!$#/:7$6!+$!)(!74%$!/!8&(3,*)4%$!/#3!.,7.477$3!74.$1!

V#! /!+(&$! 0,+(&(,6! #()$=! "!5/#)!+-! *,&&$#)!54.$! /#3! /! 6/+$! '$#3$&!8/&)#$&1! "! 5477! 6$))7$! .(&! )5(! 54%$6M! V#$! +/7$! /#3! (#$! .$+/7$1! "! 0/%$!)0$&$.(&$! $+:&/*$3! /#! $7$+$#)! (.! "67/+! /#3! 2.&4*/#! )&/34)4(#/7! ./4)0=!504*0! /77(56! /! +/#! )(! 0/%$! .(,&! 54%$6! L"67p+N`! 4.! -(,! */#! )&$/)! )0$+!$F,/77-=!(&!:$!8(7-'/+(,6!L2.&4*/#!>&/34)4(#N1!

"!:$74$%$!)0/)!,7)4+/)$7-=! 4.!)0$&$! 46!/!6,8&$+$!:$4#'!Le(3N!/#3!)0$&$! 46!/!P,3'+$#)! 3/-=! e(3! 5477! :$! )0$! X,3'$! /#3! X,&-! J! /#3! 5477! P,3'$! +$!/**(&34#'!)(!)0$!3$$36!(.!+-!0/#36M!

!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!'"

O".7#/&!7$%&P&I$"#7+/&,0&L#,,-&I$#"+7,(%17N&2&Q,1(&<-$.,#"2+$M4&<-$E,/$&

!

B/4#)/4#4#'! \/+47-E)4$6! 46! %$&-! *$#)&/7! )(! +(6)! )&/34)4(#/7! 2.&4*/#61! 2#!/))$+8)! )(! 346&,8)! )0/)! *(,73! :$! 6,4*43/71! >0/)! 5/6! +-! */6$! .(&! +/#-!-$/&61! "! 5/6! &$/3-! )(! 3(! /77! 4)! )/9$6! )(!+/4#)/4#! 4)=! :$*/,6$! /6! )0$-! 6/-!:7((3!46!)04*9$&!)0/#!5/)$&1!

"!'&$5!,8!4#!/!./+47-!(.!)5(!646)$&6!/#3!(#$!:&()0$&=!/6!)0$!7/6)!*04731!B-!./)0$&!5/6!+(&$!(&!7$66!)0$!(#7-!*0473!(.!046!8/&$#)61!G$!5/6!&/46$3!:-!046!/,#)! /#3! )0&(,'0! 0$&=! 60$! 0/3! (#$! 646)$&! /#3! )5(! :&()0$&6! L#$%$&! */77!)0$+!*(,64#6`!)0$&$!46!#(!%(*/:,7/&-!.(&!)0/)!4#!Z(&,:/!*,7),&$N1!"!/75/-6!.$7)!/!'&$/)!:(#3!54)0!+-!64:74#'6!/#3!54)0!+-!$H)$#3$3! ./+47-!/6!5$771![()0!5$&$! (.)$#! &(:$3!54)0! b/6(E$:4c! 3,&4#'! *$&$+(#4$61! [,)=! 46! :7((3!&$/77-!)04*9$&!)0/#!5/)$&j!

26! /! -(,#'! +/#! *(#6*4(,6! (.! 046! /+:4',(,6! 6$H,/74)-=! "! 5/6! 3$$87-!*(#.,6$3! 54)0! #(! (#$! )(! *(#.43$! 4#1! "! 74%$3! +(6)! (.! +-! 8,:$6*$#)! )(!/3,7)0((3! /7(#$! /#3! 4#! .$/&! :$*/,6$! (.! )046! &$/74)-1! B-! /#H4$)-! 5/6!/&(,#3! )0$! 60/+$! "! *(,73! :&4#'! )(! )0$! ./+47-! /#3! )0$! &$P$*)4(#! "!5(,73!6,..$&1! >(! /%(43! )0/)=! "! 5/6! (#! )0$! &,#! .&(+!+-6$7.1! "! &/#! /5/-! .&(+! /!8&(.$664(#!"!0/3!8/664(#!.(&!L*(+$3-N!)(!:$*(+4#'!/!^/)0(74*!h&4$6)=!+-!6$*(#3!*0(4*$!*/&$$&1!>0$!8&4$6)0((3!6)((3!/6!)0$!6)/'$!60,))$&!:$)5$$#!+$!/#3!)0(6$!50(!+/-!F,$6)4(#!+-!6$H,/74)-1!")!),&#$3!+$!)(!)0$!./#!/#3!./#*-!(.!+-!./+47-!/#3!.&4$#36=!,#)47!"!*/+$!(,)1!

!D()!(#7-!343!"!*(+$!(,)=! "!/76(!)((9!$H4)!.&(+!)0$!^/)0(74*!8&4$6)0((3!)(!74%$! /#!(8$#7-! '/-! 74.$1!I(5M! >0(6$!+(%$6! 60((9! )0$! .(,#3/)4(#!(.!+-!./+47-E)4$6! /#3! +/3$! +$! /69! 4.! :7((3! 5/6! 4#3$$3! )04*9$&! )0/#! 5/)$&1! "!*(,73!+/9$!/!:((9!(,)!(.!)0$!&$68(#6$6!"!'()!.&(+!+-!./+47-!/#3!64:74#'6!4#! 68(9$#! 5(&36=! $E+/476! /#3! 0/&3E*(8-! 7$))$&61! >0$! 8&$E(**,8/)4(#! (.!6(+$!5/6!)0$!60/+$!+-!*(+4#'!(,)!:&(,'0)!)(!)0$!./+47-!5047$!7$/%4#'!

1.+"#$%&!2!3456!!("

)0$!8&4$6)0((3!5/6!)0$!4#34'#4)-!()0$&6!*(,73!#()!6)/#31!

>0&(,'0!)0$!)04*9#$66!(.!)0$!:7((3=!6(+$!.(,#3!)0$4&!5/-!/5/-!.&(+!+$!:,)! ()0$&6! &$+/4#1! "! ',$66! )0$! :7((3! 46! )04*9$&! )0/#! 5/)$&! /#3! )04##$&!)0/#! /4&1! [,)!+-! /66,+8)4(#!5(,73! 0/%$! #(! *(#*7,64(#! ,#)47! "! 6$$! )0$4&!./*4/7!$H8&$664(#6!50$#!(#$!3/-!5$!+$$)!/'/4#!/.)$&!/!3$*/3$!/5/-!.&(+!$/*0!()0$&1!26!.(&!+-!8/&$#)6=!)0$-!/&$!&$6)4#'! 4#!8$/*$!/#3!#(!)(&+$#)!(.!./+47-!)4$!60/77!346),&:!)0/)!&$6)1!2+$#1!

!

Tales we never told our father is a collection of autobiographical reflections from same gender loving men of Nigerian origin. Their stories initially featured on the forum OutTales around the Fire. In this collection, the men explore issues covering religion, coming out, self-acceptance, family and being Nigerian.

“Stories help us. They are teachers. They are medicine.

They keep us connected to what matters. They keep us awake.

This has always been true” – Mark Nepo

(As Far as the Heart Can See: Stories to Illuminate the Soul)

We hope you enjoyed the tales shared. To share your story and read more tales, visit us at

www.OutTalesaroundtheFire.com

OutTales © 2013

Tales We Never Told Our Father - Reflections on sexuality, culture and being Nigerian

Documents

Transcript of Tales We Never Told Our Father - Reflections on sexuality, culture and being Nigerian