TAKS Review 8.16a – identify the influence of ideas from

historic documents, including the

Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights,

the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the Federalist Papers, [and selected anti-federalist writings] on the US

system of government

(8.16a) Magna Carta (1215)

• Taxing Power: – the king was forbidden

to introduce most new taxes without the permission of a council of nobles

– The Constitution provides that the government cannot introduce new taxes unless approved by the people

• Guarantee of a Trial:– the king could not

execute, imprison, or take away property without a trial by jury or according to the law of the land

– the Bill of Rights provides that the government cannot punish a person without due process- including right to a trial by jury

(8.16a) English Bill of Rights (1689)

• Suspending Laws– King could not

suspend laws without consent of Parliament

– Constitution states that laws must be passed by the people’s representatives in US Congress

• Taxing Power– King could not collect

taxes without Parliamentary approval

– US Constitution states US Congress must approve taxes

English Bill of Rights (1689)

• Right to Petition– Guarantees subjects

right to petition king to correct grievances

– 1st Amendment guarantees the right to petition the government

• Standing Army– King was prohibited

from keeping a standing army without the consent of Parliament

– Constitution gives Congress the power to raise and support an army

English Bill of Rights (1689)

• Freedom of Speech– Members of

Parliament had complete freedom of speech in parliamentary proceedings

– 1st Amendment gives freedom of speech to all

• Excessive Bail– Courts were

forbidden from setting excessive bail or imposing cruel and unusual punishments

– 8th Amendment provides for same

English Bill of Rights (1689)

• Right to Own Arms– All protestant subjects (England is

predominantly a protestant nation by 1689) were permitted to possess arms for their defense

– 2nd Amendment guarantees citizens (regardless of religion) the right to bear arms

(8.16a) Mayflower Compact (1620)

• Pilgrims agreed to form a representative government and abide by its laws

• Mayflower Compact created a model for the rule of law, self-government, and majority rule in the colonies

Declaration of Independence (8.16a) (1776)

• Stated the main function of government was to protect the “unalienable rights” of its citizens

• Promoted the idea that governments derive “their just powers from the consent of the governed”

• Influenced by John Locke & other Enlightenment thinkers

(8.16a) Federalist Papers• The Federalist Papers helped to secure

ratification of the Constitution by explaining how the new system of government worked:– Republican (elected representatives) form of

government– Need for stronger government– Had 3 branches and powers divided between

states and federal government– Protection of minority interests

Federalists & Anti-federalists (8.16a)

• Who were the leading Federalists?– James Madison

– Alexander Hamilton

– John Jay

• Who were the leading Anti-federalists?– Patrick Henry

– George Mason

– John Hancock

What basic American civil right is described in this excerpt from of the Magna Carta?

A. Trial by jury B. Freedom of religion C. Freedom of

expression D. Protection against

unreasonable searches

Excerpt from the Magna Carta, 1215

“No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or

disseised [deprived of rights] or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will

we go upon him or send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of

the land. To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice.”

8.16a - Question

Correct answer: A

8.16a - Question Which of the following

completes the graphic organizer?

A. Reasons for creating the Constitution

B. Grievances against the king in the Magna Carta

C. Reasons for the English Bill of Rights

D. Grievances against the king listed in the Declaration of Independence Correct answer: D

8.16a - Question

English tradition and the Mayflower Compact contributed most significantly to the growth of the principles of –

A. Government under the law and by the consent of the governed

B. Religious freedom and voting for womenC. Checks and balances and separation of

powersD. Racial equality and equal treatment under the

lawCorrect answer: A

“It is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitions are illegal. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed; nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

__The English Bill of Rights, 1689

Which historic document provided similar guarantees to Americans? (8.16a)

a. Declaration of Independenceb. Articles of Confederationc. Federalist Papersd. U. S. Bill of Rights

Correct answer: D

“…weakness and divisions at home would invite dangers from abroad; and that nothing would tend more to secure us from them than union, strength, and good government within ourselves.”

___Publius

Based on the above statement, one could conclude that “Publius” was: (8.16a)

a. A loyalistb. An Anti-federalistc. A political candidate d. A Federalist

Correct answer: D

8.16a - Question

ABCD

Correct Answer: A

8.16a - QuestionWhich describes a common impact of the Magna

Carta and the English Bill of Rights?

A. Citizens enjoyed protections against arbitrary actions by the government

B. Citizens were guaranteed their unalienable rights

C. The states held power independent of the federal government

D. The federal government was superior to the states

Correct answer: A

8.16a - Question

“…that one government and general legislation alone, never can extend equal benefits to all parts of the United States: Different laws, customs, and opinions exist in the different states, which by a uniform system of laws would be unreasonably invaded.”

The person who wrote the excerpt above was:A. A FederalistB. An Anti-federalistC. A RepublicanD. A Democrat

Correct Answer: B